The Abergavenny Mail

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. To the Editor. Sir,—The subject of capital punishment must have been in tho minds of many of your readers during the last few weeks, for whenever a case of murder arises the sad necessity of deciding what has to be done with the murderer is always uppermost in the minds of those who are interested in the welfare of the race. It is so often assumed that the best way to prevent murder is to hang the murderer, but history shows that the hanging of one murderer does not prevent another man committing an identical crime nay, rather, the morbid publicity attached to a sensational trial very often is an inducement to copy the crime. It was demonstrated beyond all dispute that hanging for sheep stealing did not prevent sheep stealing, that hanging for larceny did not prevent larceny, that hanging for forgery did not prevent forgery, and therefore no sense of logic can suggest that hanging for murder prevents murder. I am quite aware that when these sanguinary laws were in forco every apologist for them would argue that they were necessary, that they were preventive, and that they were the only 'means of protecting the property of the individual. But all these apologists were wrong, and when a wider sense of humaneness substituted kinder ways and better methods, those crimes, which were RO prevalent when they were treated by hanging, are now comparatively rare. I hope your readers (many of whom may be thinking of travelling abroad) will remember that their lives are as safe in Belguim or Denmark or Portugal, where capital punishment is non-exiscent, as they are in Eugland, where it is still perpetuated. The problem of w h*c to do with the murderer is not at all an easy one. Of course the simplest I way, and the one which for everyone is the least trouble, is to put him to death. The same method was once looked upon as the best method of dealing with the hopelessly diseased or the incurably helpless. But to-day we recognise some of the higher duties of life, and feel that just as in the medical world the most difficult cases are those which we must study the most carefully, so in the spiritual world criminals of the worst character need our most careful thought and consideration. For myself I can only conceive one solution, and that is that murderers, like all other criminals, should be taken over by a school of spiritual therapeutists and treated until they are cured. May I offer a very hearty welcome to all your humanely interested readers to join the Society for the Abolition of Capital Punishment, and to do their best to bring about laws in harmony with the spirit of the age. I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, I JOSIAH OLDFIELD. I Mitre Court, Temple, London. I

I 1914 ARMY MANCEUVRES. I I Four Counties Area Round Hereford. I The Army manoeuvres will next year be carried out from September 15 to September 17 on the right bank of the River Severn, with Hereford as the manoeuvres centre. The area of operations will probably include Gloucester- shire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire, and Monmouthshire. The area will be visited by most of the troops for divisional or inter-divisional training from the beginning of September. A number of Territorial units will be invited to take part, as in previous years, including a large force of yeomanry. The selection of an area for Army manoeuvres comparatively near to the sea will meet the wishes of Territorial commanders who desire to have a coast camp for the annual training of their battalions, as camping facilities exist in Monmouth and Glamorgan and on the North Somerset coast within easy marching distance of the manoeuvre territory. A large number of applications have been received from Territorials to visit seaside camps this year. Half the London Territorial infantry will visit the neighbourhood of Lulworth and large numbers of Territorial artillery will camp on Salisbury Plain. Additional facilities will be given to Territorials in general to camp there, by the absence of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, which will be training elsewhere.

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CYCLECAR AND MOTOR CYCLE NOTES. [ i >Y ( KLEIHTlvIt. ] PROCESS DURING 101. NO RADIO A L DEPARTURES. Motor cvclists cannot look back on 1913 as a year of startling innovations, so far as the motor cycle is concerned. Makers seem to have stuck pretty well to standard lines, aad there are few radical alterations to be recorded. At the same time, however, the progress to be recorded during the year is of a satisfactory nature, inasmuch as all efforts seem to have concentrated on the production of a fool proof and absolutely reliable machine even though following 1912 designs fairly closely. It may be said that as a whole designers and manufacturers have succeeded in attaining the desired effect. The commencement of the year saw the introduction of more big single cylinder machines, though rather curiously the year is ending with the revival of the twin cylinder machine, both of medium and high power. Transmission systems, which appears to be about the weakest spot in the construction of the motor cycle, have under- gone little change, the balance between belt and chain drive remaining about equal. Belts have undergone considerable improve- ment, and thereby the belt drive has taken on a new lease of life. At the same time chain driven machines have also been improved in detail. The chains have been made more readily adj ustable, some kind of shock absorber is now incorporated in the best chain driven machines, and the chains them- selves have been made more accessible, inas- much as the metal covers which keep off the mud and wet have been made more easily removable. Engines as a whole remain pretty much the same as in 1912, though there have been numerous modifications of valve designs, stronger stems and bigger diameter heads, also designers have realised the importance of having wide ports and the absence of pockets in the valve chamber. Valve design has probably received more attention than any other part of the engine, and much good has achieved by a systematic series of bench tests, bench testing until recently being a thing almost unknown amongst motor cycle engineers, though of long standing amongst car engineers. Adjustable tappets are becoming more popular, though there are many good machines which lack this useful refinement. The two-stroke engine has not yet been made in higher powers than 2t h.p. or at least it is not yet marketed in higher powers than this though there is every possibility of it being sold for larger power outputs in the near future. Taken as a whole, probably the greatest progress of the year is that to be recorded by the lightweight machine, for here we find many novel innovations, but having dealt with this phase of motor cycling in my last week's notes, there is no need to cover the ground again, and I will confine my remarks to the more popular types of machines already on the market in large numbers and now practically standard. Apart from the minor alterations men- tioned, there is little to record ia connection with the general design of the engine for 1913. Variable gears, which until two or three years ago were scarcely known, are now a standard fitment of almost every make, though here agin there have been no startling developments as a whole there have been numerous patents taken out in connection with variable gears for motor cycles, but such gears as the Armstrong and Sturmey Archer, still appear to be in the majority, whilst the gears fitted by those firms who make their own, as a rule have undergone no great alteration, and no new gear has made an appearance on the 1913 market in any great quantity. As with belts and chains, opinions seem about equally divided between hub and countershaft gears, judging by the almost equal numbers one sees about, though personally I have a slight leaning towards the countershaft gear, even though my own is a hub gear, and has given no trouble—I am thinking of weight distribu- tion and accessibility though. One general alteration in connection with gears is the almost universal adoption of a larger lever fcr operating the gear, and the placing of this on the side of the tank instead of on the handlebars or on the top bar of the frame. Infinitely, variable gears such as the Rudge, Zenith, do not seem to have gained in popularity, though there is no doubt that this type of gear is the simplest of all. The reason of its failure to multiply in favour is not far to seek, for if not carefully handled this type of gear is a great belt eater, though on the other hand, if properly handled there is no simpler or more reliable gear obtain- able. Carburetters have received a fair amount of attention during the past 12 months, and probably, taking the power unit as a whole a great part of the increase in efficiency shown generally is due to improvements in carburetters. Single lever control has not made much headway, nor am I inclined to think it is ever likely to. The straight- through principle is becoming more widely recognised, and accessibility is now a strong point with most makes. The variable jet type is not yet seen in very large numbers, though there are now several makes available and this type is likely to gain in popularity for many reasons. Lubrication systems have not altered greatly- semi-automatic lubrications such as the Best or the Enots is now to be found on almost all machines. All-automatic systems such as that on the" V eloce" have much new ground to break through-no doubt they will become standard in time. The practice of mixing oil with the petrol in certain properties is becoming more common with lightweight two-stroke machines, though whether this system will last remains to be seen it has its disadvantages, not the least of which is the clothes, though by fitting suitable tank stoppers it should be possible to obviate this. Lubrication of twin cylinder machines seems to have been more carefully studied by designers, so that it is possible to get more even lubrication of the cylinders than was considered possible some 12 months ago. The lack of any radical alterations in the design of power units as a whole is a healthy sign, as it shows that the average power unit is as reliable and efficient as can be with the knowledge at present at our disposal, practically free from trouble and easily handled by the most veritable novice. Having practically standardised their power units, manufacturers might now turn their attention to the mud-guarding ques- tion-once more I raise this point-and they might also pay more attention to the plating and enamelling of their machines. Every motor cyclist knows that no matter how careful he is with his machine, a week of riding in muddy weather takes away all the glamour aad glory of its pristine beauty, and no amount of scrubbing aud rubbing will restore it to its erstwhile state. Proper mud-guarding will do much to prevent this early degeneracy but this is not all. It the plated parts were first plated with copper and then with nickel, and the black parts first coslettised, these parts would retain their brightness and lustre far longer, and the cost-well, it would repay the makers. The all-black machine has not caught on during 1913, so some other means must be devised to provide a cleanly appearance with a minimum trouble. Why not a good coating of lacquer on the bright parts after they are fully assembled ? There must be a good lacquer somewhere, though I will admit I have failed to find a really satisfactory one yet. Now, ye manufac- turers, show us what progress you can make in this direction during 1914. The comfort of the rider has not yet received the consideration during 1913 that it merits. Front springing remains much as in previous years, and possibly is quite as good as can be, and all that is to be desired. Rear springing, however, is not given the attention it should receive in fact, there are only one or two rear sprung machines obtainable, such as the Edmund spring frame and the A.S.L. (I am not sure whether the latter is still obtainable). Saddle comfort, however, is now pretty well recog- nised, the pan saddle being almost universal. Saddle springing, too, has been consider- ably improved during the past twelve months. Back rests are not yet very popular, and I am afraid they have inherent disadvantages that cannot be overcome. Tyres appear to be receiving m ne atten- tion than usual, many new types being available to-day. The puncture-proof tyre is not yet with us, though the risk of puncture is almost entirely eliminated with some makes, such ail the Stelastic," for instance, though as regards the wearing qualities of these novel types of tyres I know very little at present. Taken as a whole, the year 1913 may be looked upon as a year in which the motor cycle has almost if not quite settled down to a rock basis in its present form. Whether an entirely revolutionary form will come along in the years to come remains to be seen. The lightweight machine will no doubt be much before us in 1914, but this can hardly be called revolutionary in type.

The famous ffaj Model 6. | -the Double-Purpose" Motor- 1 cycle-THJS mount with its Bi< single- I aylinder enlfine of high-power. Countershaft 1 Three S¡)eed. and Weatherproof Chain Drive. i. THE perfect Sidecar and Solo Motorcycle. —It's efficiency and reliability was amply proved in The Birmingham M.C.C. Reliability Trial for Passenger Machines, April 12th- when "The JAMES" Model 6 gainad 4 Gold Medals and won the Silver Cup for Bsst Team. -Let us tell you more about this masterpiece write NOW for "The JAMES Manual" which fully describes its many advantages. | The JAMES Cycle Co., Limited, Works, Birmingham; and London. For pedal-cycling there is no mount to surpass I 'The JABKS'—ask for 'The JAIlE8 Bicycle Book.' R "1, coxnp l ete. S-76 :13 0 Local Agent-H. C. CECIL, Swan Cyele Works, Homend-street, Ledbury.

FOUR YEARS' WAGES LOST. I Through Crippling Uloers on her Leg. I ZAM-BUK SAVES A WORKERS LIMB. I Four years' valuable wages were lost to Mrs J Mudie, a mill-worker, of 273, Hilltown, Back Land, Dundee, through shocking leg ulcers. Now completely cured by Zim-Buk, Mrs Mudie has given full details of her remarkable case to the Dundee Courier as follows 1 slipped on the stairs one day and knocked my right leg. Two little red gpots came on the front of the leg. Then the skin broke into sores from knee to ankle. The iiain was so intense that I positively writhed in IIldny. At night the torture was worse. I couldn't bear even the weight of the bed-clothes on the stricken leg. I could only get about by a series of hops on my sound leg. For four years I was kept way from the mill. Besides doctors' treatment, I went into the Dundee Royal Infirmary for a time. A nurse also came regularly to dress my leg, and in addition I tried all sorts of ointments, salves and poultices. But the ulcers kept on discharging, and there seemed no way of escape from the torture except by amputation. My limb was saved, however, by Z?m-Buk, w?icMh ? ad a soothing effect possesed by none of the other things I had used. Zam-Buk soon made a decided improvement in my leg. The ulcers began to dry np, and the inflammation and proud flesh disappeared. "I kept on using Zarn-Bllk regularly, and one by one the sore places were cleansed and healed with new skin until the whole iimb was made sound again. I was happier than for many a day when I returned to the mill quite cured. Friends exclaim when they meet me, I Why, Mrs. Mudie I never expected to see you going about like this again.' Zim-Biik has been a marvellous healer in my case." There is nothing to equal this wonderful Zam-Buk for soothing and curing skin diseases, and quickly healing cuts and wounds. No common ointment can ever do the same good as Zam-Buk, which is ot unique herbal origin, scientific composition, and absolutely pure. All imitations are wot thless.

I LOAN SOCIETY TRUSTEE IN COURT. George Hobell was at Northampton on Mon- day committed for trial at the Assizes on three charges of misappropriation of the funds of the Northampton West End Loan and Dividend 1 Society, of which he was trustee. It was alleged I that the total defalcations amounted to .£324. I CORNISH MINERS' DISPUTE. I About 300 miners at East Pool and Agar Mines, near Redruth, in consequence of the mine management having decided to make I an alteration in the time of payment of wages, refused to commence work on Monday. I FATAL FLANNELETTE. Mr. John Graham, the Coroner, addressing the jury at a Gateshead inquest, said that if the children concerned in cases of flannelette catch- ing fire belonged to Members of Parliament perhaps something would be done in the way of legislation on the matter. I DISASTROUS FARM FIRE. Damage estimated at .£800 was caused by a I fire which broke out on Monday morning at Alderstead Farm, Merstham, Redhill. Four large ricks of wheat and oah and a threshing-machine I were dostroyod. Suffragette literature was j found near the scene of the outbreak- )

1/8 sent to' the Reporter Office, Ledbury, wi!l ensure a copy of this paper being sent post free every Friday evening for a quarter US weeks). LOKDOYUS" ct<j«iroys cr MBMBRnF cra"Bi P nrmWl oompletely atid hyE i Ti.o- LIly. 1/ 21- and tin. frow ohemita or I | W A 1 j Lcpion Hygienic ^Chjmicjl (0.. U6. Wl.lb,ook, LeDdeD. E.C. Sold by A. STKTKNS, Chemist, Ledbury. HAS IT OCCURRED TO YOU ===:-UI¡ I HAS IT OCCURRED TO TOO ? j!,1 || That by sending your printing lili U to the Reporter" Office we can I j || assist you in many ways] with | || our paper. III! 1 FOR INSTANCE: 'I || If you are promoting a church ,[! I parade, a concert, an entertain- ¡ill || ment, sports, or anything in j II which the public are asked to I U support, we can give you a 1 || freeparagraph before the event takes place, and a good report 1 afterwards, in the paper that is read by almost everybody. I DON'T FORGET THIS I I, || When you are engaged in pro- || moting anything like the above. -=- _=-jl¡¡

a FOOTBALL NOTES. I [By THE TYKE."] I During the holidays several Worcester league games were played off, Ledbury Town taking part in two, defeating West Malvern at Ledbury on Boxing Day, and being defeated by Worcester Young Liberals at Worcester on Saturday. St. Clement's Rangers were twice beaten, by Droitwich United 8-1, and Hereford City 2-1. Evesham United defeated Worcester Young Liberals 4—2, and Badsey Rangers received a visit from Stoke United and won 2-0. Badsey still maintain their position at the head of the league table, but are being hard pressed by Hereford City, who have the best goal average in the league. There was one of the best" gates" of recent years at Ledbury on the afternoon of Boxing Day to witness the game between the Town and West Malvern. The game was not so good to watch as might have been expected, but the wind made it difficult to control the ball, and in addition the Town lost the services of Archie Goodwin for practically three parts of the game. When play had been in progress for about ten minutes he received a nasty kick on the knee, and was off the field for some time. He returned, but could do little, and eventually he bad to be carried off soon after the opening of the second half. Ledbury were represented bv :-Vicarage; Smith, Partridge; W Powell. Griffiths, Good win; Pudge, Hoult, R Powell, H Taylor, J Taylor. # West Malvern bad a good side out, and in the first half, though playing against the wind, their forwards did well. The Ledbury forward line did not play up to form, and their shooting was not so good as usual. Hoult made one fine effort, after tricking the defence, but the shot was saved. The play in the first half was not at all interesting, the wind spoiling the play, and the ball being difficult to control. Neither goalkeeper was very hard piessed this half. A penalty should have fallen to Ledbury, as Hoult was going through well, when he was tripped from behind inside the area, but the referee ruled otherwise. At the interval nothing had been scored. # In the second half Goodwin went outside left, and H Taylor left half, but it was not long before Goodwin had to leave the field altogether. R Powell and Griffiths also changed places with good results. The Led- bury wing men shone better this half, and Pudge was given some nice passes, of which he took full advantage. It was from one of these that he scored. Hoult sent to Griffiths on the centre line, and the centre-forward ran down and then passed out to Pudge. The outside right easily beat the defence and running in beat the West Malvern goalie with a cross shot. Subsequently Pudge dominated the game, and on four occasions he had the defence beaten but was tripped. but only once was a free kick given. West Malvern tried bard to equalise in the closing stages, but found Vicarage and his backs too good for them, and the final whistle went with the Town winners by a goal to nil. Although the form of the Town forwards was hardly satisfactory in this game, yet it can be excused to a certain extent by the disorganisation consequent on Goodwin's injury, which I regret will keep him out of the team for some weeks. They played better in the second half, and Joe Taylor, playing a lone hand on the left wing, did well. Griffiths passed and combined well, Hoult repeatedly did clever things, and Pudge was easily too fast for the defence. At half Harry Taylor was a rare worker, and W Powell did well both in attack and defence. He is undoubtedly the most I improved player in the team. Rodney I Powell in the second half again demonstrated 'that centre-half is his proper place, and a good deal of the change in the attack can be attributed to his work as the pivot of the I team. The two backs were sound, Smith kicking with rare power, and direction, and Partridge shining in close work. Vicarage had some nasty shots to deal with, but agam proved in fine form. » On Saturday the Town journed to Worces- ter to meet to Young Liberals short of Vicarage, Goodwin and Hoult, but had Shinn, Edden and Watts playing, and th« team was :—Shinn; Smith, Partridge; W Powell, R Powell, Edden; Pudge, Griffiths, H Taylor, J Taylor, Watts. The Liberals fielded the strongest side they have played this season. The game was played on the Worcester City ground, and a draw would have fairly represented the play, but the Liberals won 2-1. They scored first through Hussey, a high shot beating Shinn, and Joe Taylor equalised with a beauty of a goal. The Town should have taken the lead, as Joe Taylor beat the defence and had only the goalkeeper to beat when he was badly fouled in the mouth of the goal, and there were cries of penalty" all round the ground, but referee Malin ruled otherwise. » About five minutes from time the Liberals took the lead, and maintained it to the end. Rodney Powell was the outstanding figure on the field, and his display was admitted to be one of the finest exhibitions of centre- half play seen in Worcester junior football this season. His brother at right half was again good, and Edden completed a good half-back line. The defence was again good, Shinn, although beaten twice, showing I good form, and the backs were sound. The forwards were to some extent beaten by the wide ground, as many passes intended for the wing men failed to reach them, being intercepted by the backs. Joe Taylor was the best of the front line, and had Watts got the ball oftener it is possible they might have won the match. » To-day (Saturday) the return match with Colwall will be played at Col wall. Vicarage will return to the team, and as Watts ca-inot get away Hoult will play in the front rank. On January 10 they have an open date, and on the 17th Norton Barracks are due on the Town ground in the third round of the Worceatershire Junior Cup. On Saturday last, on the Biddulph Arms groutt t, Ledbury Brotherhood entertained Byfor. l in a return league match. The weati ir was exceptionally fine, but a strong wind handicapped the shooting of the players. The Brotherhood fielded the follow- ing team :-B Morris; J Clark, S Elisn-re; C Hvde, E Harris, F Habbitts W CLrk, J Smith, E Chadd, W Smith, R Eyans. The homesters won the toss and elected to kick down hill. They started pressing from the start, but owing to bad shooting several opportunities were missed. Twenty minutes from the start Byford notched the first goal with a long shot which quite deceived the goalkeeper. Both ends were visited in turn, but without result, and half-time came with the score 1-0 in the .Visitors' favour. On the resumption Ledbury were sooa seen to advantage and did ail the pressing, and ten minutes later sawettiem level, three players rushing the custodian into the net with the ball. Several open goali were missed, and evidently the Christmastime had upset the shooting powers of the players. Chadd was weak in front of goal, perhaps because of his altered position. Ledbury bombarded the visitors' gopl for some time and the goalie bad a warm time, but the forwards failed to score, Evans put in a beautiful shot which hit the upright, he strong wind upsetting his calculations. One minute from time from a centre by the right wing, Jim Smith scored thp winning goal, which was undoubtedly the best shot of the day, the homesters thus winning by 2 goals to 1.

WORCESTER & DISTRICT LEAGUE. Division I. LEAGUE TABLE TO DATE. Pl'd won lost drn for apt Pts Badsey Rangers 12.10. 2. 0 37 I I 20 Hereford City 11. S. 1. 2.. 47.12.18 Droitwich United 12. 8. 2. 2.44.21.IK. Stourport Swifts 9. 6. 1. 2.18 .11.14 Evesham United .13. 6.. 6. 1.31.32. IS Norton Barracks .10. 5. 4. 1. 31). 11 Ledbury Town .12. 5.. 6. I. 27 I St Clement's R'ug'rs 11. 4. 5. 2. 27 3i; I t-0 Young Liberals 11. 4. 6. 1.. 25 31 9 Stoke United 11. 4. 7. 0. 15 21). 8 West Malvern 10 2. 7. I 14.27 5 Evesham Wanderers 11. 2. 9. ti 9 ..39. 4 Col wall 11. 1. 9. 1. 9.38. 3

NEWS IN BRIEF. THE DUBLIN STRIKE. There is said to be much discontent among the Dublin strikers, many of whom are de,iro.tr of returning to work, being dissatisfied with th-, strike allowance. HEAVY CHRISTMAS MAILS FROM ABROAD The mails which reached this country from the Oversea. Dominions and other countries abroad during the week preceding Christmas Dav were heavier than in any previous year. THE WINTRY WEATHER. Further snow has fallen in various part rf the country, and there has been some intern;; >- tion of outdoor work. Hunting has been s ■>- pended in some parts, and in the Peak distrv-t snow sports are providing recreation for holi- day makers. I DESTRUCTIVE FIRE IN MONTREAL. I Great damage was done by a fire on Monday in Montreal, the efforts of the firocien being I hampered by the scarcity of water. WELL-KNOWN AGRICULTURIST DEAD. The death is announced of Mr. William Spen- i cer Everitt, of North Cove Hall, Suffolk, aged seventy-seven, who wa-s widely known as am agriculturist, yachtsman, and sportsman. His. grandfather first introduced swede turnips to Norfolk, and he was an expert on wheat. I BURGLARY AT M.P.'s HOUSE. Mr. Lancelot Sanderson, K.C., M.P., has been ribbed of a large quantity of valuable jewellety by burglars, who forced the front door of his residence at Palace Gardens-terrace, London. PARIS-TO-CAIRO FLIGHT. The French airman Vedrincs has arrived by aeroplane at Cairo, thus finishing the first great •oction of his flight from Paris to the East.

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