Pioneer

r The Technical Education Delate, IW. HARRIS AND MARK STARR TO MEET ON SUNDAY. 'Plie great debate, the outcome of Mark Stairs ,?,ktt-el. ?? ? last week, between Mr. Starr amd ,?'. W. Hanis, secretary of the Trades Council, I been definitely arranged for Sunday morning ?ext at Beutler'? Hall, at 10 a.m., when it is ?oped all I.L.P. and C.L.C. members will en- *?voiir to attend. Mr. St&rr will lead off for 'ha first twenty ?inutee with the proposition that organised Labour ought act to subsidise Scehnical education, a proposition that Mr. Harris will defend. With two such debaters it is to be hoped the meeting will attract the at- 4eladance it deserves.

I Mid-Rhondda Notes. I 1ihondda Socialist Society. On Sunday, September 30tk, Comrade Young, *f Tonyrefail, gave a very interesting lecture on -1k,1 Morals of War." The lecturer was sub- fted to searching questions and criticisms. Seme of the speakers maintain that wars had their constructive as well as a destructive power, wars being the results of an economical and Social conditions have proved to be the means of ,Vrogt.,et;s and emancipation of certain classes. the leoturer maintained that all wars were purely destructive, and while some good may Accrue from wars, no war could be justified when the suffering and losses in human lives and the huetion of property were taken into con- sideration. Tlioke had always over-balanced the ttl progress made. I Cambrian Collieries' Meetina. A well attended meeting of the Cambrian Workers was held on Sunday to consider certain Matters relating to the work. Amongst other things under discussion the income tax was con- Jjdwvd, and it was unanimously resolved that I the delegate to the conference should support I the abolition of the t.a.x. I, Sylvia the Draw. There were packed houses at both Forth I ?? Ynyshire last Satnrdav wbon Miss Sylvia I'aiii ? Iiiii-st audiences of over 1,500 -it,, ? 40th T?{M?a I ^-L.C. Classes. '■Pile C.L.C. Classes in Mid-Rhondda open this ^°ek ,and so effectively have they been adver- ted that the cause of working-class education trf^ Been materially assisted in the district. l'QQ,t interest is displayed in the classes and it anticipated that the classes this winter will loo large. The Federation Lodges are taking ull responsibility, and relieved of financial re- J>°nsibilifcy the teachers and students should OTge ahead.

Qorseinon Notes. Î 8ad Contest. A very successful brass band contest was held at The Mount Gowerton, on Saturday last. 'th, -rc? was alo a flower and vegetable show in cOllne.etiou with the above. 'Q ?ults:—C!a.? A. march competition, (1) ip ^uneaegurwen; (2) Blaengwynfi. Class B, ?? '-?'??Pdition, (1) Gorseinon Temperance; ?? Wa?narlwydd. Class A, 6electlOu, "United If'- igdoin." (D Gwaiuicne?ui-wen; (2) Goiseino? ..?pe)-anc?; (3) Blaengwynfi. Class B, selec- ?, "I Lombardi? (1) Wauna?-IwYdd; (2) i 1 Pe tardtiliig; (3? G???i?? l?mneranre. I 'tacred Concert. I aci*e(i was held last Sunday night t?he ? Palace, G orseinon, arranged by the ? Iseinon Temperance Band. A good number aHe<i- T'lie proceeds will be divided between t}) ?"? and the local SoMiers' and Sailors' ?1 I Carnival. ext Saturday, October 6th. Goi-seizion will l^ain bo en fete, it being the occasion of the "10?g looked for CarnlTaJ. From all account ? i.4 1I be miles ahead of a.nr uther such event iB locality.

(t Merthyr Vale Notes. I t'rtty Werirlmn I zj. CVSett/wedding took place at St. TydnFs '-a. l?l,?,thy,, by special licence on Thurs- ia ?" ??Pternber 27 > between Mr. T. W. Thomas, y llli?gest ?" of Mr. B. Thomas, New Cottage, 4-Wfan L. J. Edwards, youngest fighter of i, ?ght? ?'??' Awards, butcher, Merthyr '?le. Thp' ??? who was attired in a nigger b'ovvn eos^ with a cream Georgette hat, was f unded k, n^r1- &s Oeinwen Vaug h an (n i ece of th» ? ?deH t? ?F?* Oeinwen Vaughan (niece of th rid'.) and Migs ?- Jones, and Mr. WilHan? !.?tis? ? aitended the bridegroom. The wedding 'reakf  Place ? the Central Temperance ,,[()t+  ^ests were present. The happy Nar lefi???T???"P? ool and North Walea. The '?- T ?-P?? DR, Merthyr Vale. officiated.

I Borrow m BE TOO LATE. ??rt Ed Oet a °"? TO-DAY! lk. t F-des, of ??''?se, writes: After I had taken d two I felt bettglih a'n had done for over four 1ea, r 6- The pain in my back had entirely gone. Mrs. King, ??? ?d". Wic???'f??=' "Your piUsc?ed me after l?ll Ilwell P, pa sJs'e!r??? ??'. Lumbago, Pains in the r, ,ek r,,psy? Bnght s Disease of the Kidneys, etc., Sciatica, ???ya. nd Gout w.?n t ??" ? ? Positive cure in Holdroyd's J  is 3d a positiv« cure in Holdroyd's j D*°YD>S Medieal Half ciec^e^ free' U' staraPs'

I Cefn-y-Bryn Colliery. I COMPANY AND MANAGER FINED AT PORT TALBOT. Sumnaonsee under the Coal Mines Act and Regulations against the Cefnybry* Colliery Com- pany, Bryn, and the manager, John Jones, were dealt with at Aberavon Police-court on Monday. Mr. Kdward Powell, Neath, pioeeeuted for the Home Oftiee; the company was represented by Mr. Evan Gibson Davies, and the manager by Mr. Lewis M. Thomas. Mr. Powell stated that there were 23 charges against the manager and eight against the owners. A number of these would, by arrange- ment. be withdrawn on payment of costs, and the defendants pleaded guilty to technical offences in the other summonses. The principal charges were that there was no return airway. There was a stretcher and ambulance box which were kept in the office and not down in the mine. Colonel Pearson, the H.M. Inspector of Mines, said that there were .51 men working at the col- liery. The return airway, which should be 4ft. by 4ft., was below these dimensions. There was no attempt at rescue work, and no portable breathing apparatus kept. The plans of the mine were valueless, as no levels in sections or faults weiv s hown. The refuge holes were below the statutory dimensions, and some were blocked or obstructed by wire. Replying to Mr. Thomas, he admitted that it might be difficult to get men to work in such an outlandish place. When he visited the mine later the manager said that they were driving the second means of egress. 1 Mr. Thomas pleaded guilty to sixteen of the offences against his client. Jones was only ap- pointed manager of the eollierv in February, 1916. The Manager in evidence said that H.M. In- spector Walden told him that the cost of joining the rescue station would have been £40, and he agreed to join. Mr. Davies, for the company, informed the Bench that the airway had now been completed. The manager was fined a total, including costs, of C.36 <te., and the company :£13 5s., including costs.

Aberavon Railwaymen's Secretary. MR. J. H. THOMAS, M.P., AND THE POLICE HOLD-UP. Aberavon railwaymen at a mats meeting on Sunday passed a resolution of protest against the recent action of the police in stopping the secretary of the local branch of the National U nioB of Railwaymen and examining his bag containing books and papers. Mr. A. J. Wil- liams, of Cardiff (South Wales organiser of the N.U.R.), presided. Mr. J. H. Thomas, M.P., who was received with cheers, said the State had a perfect right to protect itself against individuals, and they should remember that the State was greater than any section of the people. Having ad- mitted that principle, it was for them to say how far those responsible for that power had abused their authority. Mr. Thomas protested against the action of local authorities in re- fusing to allow the Labour Party to hold meet- ings at Bethany-square, Port Talbot, declaring that the authorities had no right to give prefer- ential treatment. As to the action of the police, he hoped that this protest meeting would be a warning, so that there would be no repetition of the incident. It was carrying the position too far when the liberty of the subject was interfered with in this war, and they were determined to stop it. It was his intention to raise the question on the floor of the House of Commons. (Ap- plause.) A resolution of protest against the action of the Aberavon police was also passed by the No. 5 (Cardiff) Branch of the N.U.R.

Tonyrefail Notes. Musical Treat. > y, A beneht ooncert was held at Amon Baptist Chapel on Thursday evening, the 27th inst., in aid of the widow and nine children of the late William Lewis, of Mill-street, Tonyrefail. There was a full house, and scores had to be turned away for lack of room, thus showing how deep and widespread sympathy is felt towards the above family in their bereavement. The artistes for the occasion were Madam Kinsey Roberts (soprano) Madam Esther Cooper-Jones (con- tralto) Mr. Todd Jones (tenor); and Mr. Gwilym Jones (baritone), while Mr. John Llewellyn, of Penygraig, was the accompanist. All these sang their favourite songs admirably, and to the satisfaction of all. In addition to these the Gwalia Glee Party was engaged, an? it rendered two choruses, viz., "Hues of Day" ?nd The Long Day Closes." It consists of 35 select voices and has lately improved greatly. The four parts were well balanced, and the blend was perfect, making this item a special feature in the concert. The conductor was Mr. William Middleton. The chair was taken by Mr. Dan Edwards, Pentwyn. Great credit is due to the committee and its secretary, Mr. Dudley T. Llewellyn, who organized this excellent concert, which has proved a thorough success in every way. Co-operative Education. The Co-operative Education Committee bag commenced their new session of Educational work in the form of an Industrial History Class. The class commenced on Friday, September 28, at the Primitive Chapel Buildings, Mill-street. There were a large number of students present at the first meeting. It is to be hoped that co- operators and others will avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by these classes. The teacher is Mr. T. Young.

Pontypridd Notes. Hardie Memorial Meeting. The Keir Hardie Memorial Meeting at the I.^i.P. Hall last Sunday night week was a great success. Splendid' addresses were delivered by Miss Pallister, Brynmawr, and Miss Agnes Hughes, Abercynon, the latter being a personal friend of our late leader. Mrs. E. J. Williams efficiently presided. Last Sunday evening, with John Baker in the chair, J. A. Kelly, of Barry, lectured from an historic standpoint on "Causes of War." Comrades Cox, Owen Hughes, An- drews and Oliver Jenkins also spoke. Co-ofterative Propaganda. On the 18th ult. Professor Hall lectured for the Co-operative Movement here, which has now four shops and also a butcher's shop, with a strong Women's Guild in this urban area. The imovement has at last certainly wme to stay.

i Technical Science and the Worker. I TO THE EDITOR. Sir,—Mark Starr in his letter to-day makes contradictory statements. He writes: No op- position to improvements in technical science or undervaluation of their merits is advocated." Again: Here we can see distinctly the task of the miners' union is not to increase the supply or mining chomises." When the miners want to appoint for themselves an inspector it would seem from Mark's letter that if he had "Social Science" he would be a complete and competent inspector. It would not matter about the know- ledge of gases, or strains, or strata, that is to be the right of another class. Who is it in the miners' union who calls attention to the waste of small coal, and who is it that can make the best fight for this? The miner with the techni- cal knowledge of the small coal, the washer, and the uses of the small coal .and the market. The fact that our system permits remuneration on the basis of supply and demand need not put the workers against technical education. His illus- tration about the chemists knowledge producing increased profits is an unhappy one. The know- ledge of the chemist puts to use that which for- merly went to waste, that means less production, i.e., the miner will have to dig less since the small coal is used. Shorter hours and no decrease in wages will follow when the producers are suffi- ciently technically educated to understand its re- lation, which includes social science. It is the greatest mistake to assume, that scientific tech- nical training produces a "narrowing effect." What about darker Russia with its overwhelm- ing illiteracy Was it the illiterate that helped Russia Was Prince Kropotkin narrowed in his outlook because he was a technically trained mind? What about Stepniak, Pogosky and thou- sands of others, all technically trained men? Yet the illiterates in the various workshops who could neither read nor write performed their skilled tasks in use of tools by instruction only. fhere were no reasons in their labour. It was a case of do this and the result will be so and so." Never the "why would it give the result." You can have biassed instruction but not so edu- cation, despite all our rotten school history, if it is to be all social science for the miners, then who is to be their champions in technical matters in relation to explosions and the safety of the mines. (Here let me remark in passing that this is where our miner members of Parliament failed every time a mine explosion was discussed. [ make no exception here.) Mark asks who reaps the benefit of the chemist at the Colliery ? I ask who reaps the benefit of better miners' houses, better sanitary conditions, better physical health, men more fit for work? Now, Mark, would you have better material to work with if we had had no improvements in this direction? or do you wish to keep to the logic of your argument and say we should not have better living conditions because it will in- crease profit by increased production ? Because sanitary science has been responsible for the huge sanitary appliance firms making huge profits are you going back to the pig stye style to give a fillip to social science? Mark is very unfortunate about that chemist. He seems to think that chemists could not be got into a union to fight for higher wages be- cause of the "narrowing effect" of his special- ized work. We need social science, but it is no use without the other. It leads to ownership and control, and .you cannot do this with one branch of •science. I want education for itself. I know of no "working-class" mathematics, gravitation, chemistry, geology, etc. This accu- mulated knowledge named education should not be put into, class sections. In his summing up he says Capitalist production in its mining, engineering, and other sections or as a whole through the State will with, or without Trade Union support, rapidly accelerate advances in technical science." He evidently agrees that this should be left in the hands of that class in- stead of the workers having a control and a say in all these matters. How blind! The curse of Trade Unionism has ever been their indiffer- ence to this subject, and here m Glasgow despite two years warning, the workers have now to stand by and see training schools established within public works where the worker has no voice. Is this what you want.? You do not make an individual less intelligent by technical educa- tion, though it may be possible to do so by in- struction," as in Russia. Such educational institutions ought to be financed by the nation, not by donations, but the most important thing at the moment is to get a say in all such work. The "fat men will be quite pleased to be left with the control of the technical curriculum and to leave the workers with social science. The workers have no danger in technical education. Their only danger is their unorganised will. It is by their own will that they become profiteering potentials. They have too long assumed thatx education was not their business, and those who even hint that better education is to make it better for the fat men" are consciously, or unconsciously, playing into the "fat men's" hands. Thus a tiades council must needs attend to technical and social science. I do not think Mark would say that social science was not technical. GBO. D. HABDIB. 1 93, Hope-strt, Glasgow. GEO. D. HARDIB. I

1 Pontycymmer Notes. I I Noah Tromans—Pioneer. m I.Jur mountain --vsn v^omraae—iNoan u'omans -held two excellent meetings last Thursday at Blaengarw.and Pontyrhyll. His address on both occasions centred on The I.L.P. and its mis- sion," and from the enthusiasm displayed the Party should reap a rich reward ft om the visit of the South Wales fighter for freedom. Music. and good music too, was introduced at both meetings by Comrade Hengoed, who sany "The Red Flag" and When Wilt Thou Save, Thy People." It was the first I.L.P. meeting held in Pontyrhyll, but the fiery cross has been raised with a'vengeance', and already the call is for more speakers. New members are rolling onto the membership book here, the roll being now 75. Noah Tromans is returning on Sunday.

I Briton Ferry Notes. I Hardie Memorial Meeting. On Wednesday last a memorial service was held in memory of the revered founder of the I.L.P. Movement—Jas. Keir Hardie. It was hoped that for such i public man the Public Hall would have been available, but as Hardie was "an Israelite in whom there was no guile the Philistines forbade the meeting. Also several chapels were applied for, but refused. However, a building—a chapel at that-was available, namely, Jerusalem Baptist Chapel (pastor, Rev. R. Powell). The preacher was Rev. Dr. Walsh, London. In a fine discourse he paid a, fine tri- bute to the mighty dead, who, though dead, yet speaketh. The reverend gentleman also made a fine advocacy of Peaoe. Councillor Joseph Branch presided.

[NATIONAL Amalgamated LABOURERS' UNION, jI A Registered Office -1 ST. DAVID'S PLACE, R!DUE:!S.N'I I Tne Live Fighting Union for South Wales. I We Don't Merely List Benefits on Paper-We PAY Them. 8 I General Secretary: JOHN TWOMEY. E I Organiser: "BOB" WILLIAMS, 220 Blackfriars Road, London, S.E. 1 B District Secretaries: A. BARTON, 5 Stuart Street, Docks, Cardiff; JOHN O'LEARY, Century institute. Winmill Street, Newport, Mon.; Coun. J. POWLESLAND, 10 Picton Place, Swansea I ALL CLASSES CATERED FOR-MALE AND FEMALE. « Affiliated to the National Transport Workers' Federation, Trade Union Congress, and I National Labour Party. Approved under the National Health Insurance Acts. "Nil

CORRESPONDENCE. I I. Correspondents are requested to condense their letters as much as possible. HAULIERS' WAGES. TO THE EDITOR. Dotir Sir,—As a worker who has been following .the occupation of haulier and rider, alternately, in the mine for a number of years, I was most pleased to read in your valuable little paper last week the opinion expressed by the men, through Mr. Mainwaring, of the Afon and Maesteg dis- tricts in regard to scrapping the 1906 agreement for Hauliers. We might put Lord St. Aldwyns 1 award along with it. I can assure the Afon and Maesteg men and Mr. Mainwaring that the hauliers and riders of this district have realised for quite a time now that it is about time their standard of wages was revised and brought up to a level, whereby they may enjoy a better and fuller life. Although we have had a few increases in per centage during the war, we, find our econ- omic position gradually getting worse as a re- sult of high prioes and profiteering. Instead of attaining a higher standard of life—which I think most of us are out for-we are going back along the same road our forefathers travelled. I well remember the time when a haulier was thought by many people that knew him, to be- long to the lowest grade of labour in the mining fraternity. He was a good chap when the trams got off the road to act as a human lifting jack. But once outside he was not always considered the best type of individual to mix with, but I think we have advanced from that state of affairs, and most men concerned in the produc- tion of coal realise that the men employed in the transit of that commodity from the coal-face to the pit are an important section of the workers. Take, for instance, the haulier. He has a horse under his care worth anything from £60 to £ 75 these days, and a slight mistake or moment of aosentmindedness on the haulier's part might mean the loss of the horse. Most collieries are suffering from a shortage of trams, and the re- sult is that the collier does not get as many trams as he would like to have, now if the collier takes a day off the output does not get affected because the other men fill the trams which he would have, had he been in work, but if the haulier loses a day the output is affected by reason of the time lost in getting a substitute. Take the rider's responsibility. I have known cases where a little neglect on his part has stopped a whole district for a couple of hours. I am explaining this to show if the employers want good, capable men on these jobs they ought to pay a decent wage. Take the turn hauliers again. Managements try to make them respon- sible for distributing trams which five or six horses are driving from one parting for a paltry half-turn a week. I hope some benefit will ac- crue from the initiative of the Afon and Maesteg men through _r Mainwaring and the support of the S.W.M.F. as a whole.-Yours, etc., HAULIER BLACKWOO*. WHAT SORT OF EDUCATION? TO THE EDITOR. Sir.—Wiiat a relief it is to read the "Pioneer" on Saturday after a week of State news re-disked to the people, telling of the victories, won, and the terrible loss of human life, that is taking place on the different fronts of war. It makes one thankful that we have got a Labour paper that brings us back to commonsense thought once a week, that reminds us that there is a. great need for construction for the future wel- fare of Society, and that gives us that supreme factor—the equality of opportunity to express our different opinions in regard to the future problems that confront the workers. In last week's issue one observes that one of the most fundamental problems, that of Education, is being discussed, and one hopes to see two of the most able men on this subject fight this battle to a finish. We as workers will i-?,ip great bene- ht as the result of this controversy. PeJ'sonal1y, I I should like that we, as lav students, should have a word to say in this controversy, because there are many points that may ,be\ overlooked by the chief opponents. With all due respcet to Mr. W. Harris, as a. worker, I prefer to support Mr. Mark Starr's views on this matter of Educa- tion. I realise that the struggle between the Capitalist class and the Working closs is more acute now than ever it has been, therefore, I view all the professed gifts from the Capitalist  Eterna l vigi l ance class with grave suspicion. Eternal vigilance is the price of Liberty is one of the chief proverbs of the working-class movement, and Comrade Starr, having had a class-conscious Education realises his duty to the working-class by warning them of the subtle attempts of Capi- talists to lead the workers from the road they should travel to their economic freedom. It. is not my policy to attack individuals of the Capi- talist class, in fact I rather admire the man that fights for himself and his class, and if I was one of the Capitalist class I should admire Mr. Sey- mour Berry quite so much as I do Mark Starr as one of the working-class. Now, I wish to ask the miners of South Wales generally, and Merthyr and Dowlais in particu- lar, what benefit have we as piece-workers gained from the great influx of technically educated officials in the mines? Ask any official with a grain of honesty what is his first duty as an official and he will tell you that it is to keep the costs down. What does that mean to us as piece-workers? This: that the only security whereby an official may maintain his position is to crop every penny he possibly can off the men under his control. Therefore it must follow that the more officials turned out by the technical schools, the more economio pressure must be brought to bear upon us, so that the present officials may retain their positions. And we must not forget that even officials have to fight to maintain themselves and their families as well as we, when the supgly of officials is far greater than the demand. Furthermore, why are the colliery examiners at present seeking, and are even prepared to fight for, the recognition of their Union? Why do these examiners need a Union? Inasmuch as they are officials one would think that they would have no need for organ- ising themselves. They realise that to protect themselves against the very people whom they serve faithfully they are forced to combine, so as to protect their livelihood, because the official market contains a tremendous supply likely aj; any moment to usurp the jobs. Therefore I think that the workers should not forget that as workers we cannot fight the Capitalist clash by supplying them with the very material that we so badly need for our own class. Education is one of the greatest needs that we as workers have, and it is full time that we said to the Capitalist class, "we wish to educate our class from our class point of view, so that we may be able to see more clearly into the future, and thereby scientifically organise industry for the benefits of the workers." Let us hope that the miners and workers of Merthyr and Dowlais will see to it that they equip their young men with the social science education that the Labour Movement is so badly in need of at present. We have a. duty to perform in the future transition of Society from Capitalism into Industrial De- rnocracy, and unless we equip ourselves with tbo education and knowledge necessary for that evo- lutionary stage, then so much longer will we remain in the present shambles called Capitalism. -—Yours, etc.. GEORGE WALTERS, Treasurer, Bargoed Steam Coal Lodge.

Eisteddfod y Cymroderion. CYNHELIR YR UCHOD PRYDNHAWN, SADWRN, HYDREF 20th, 1917 Yn NEUADD YR EGLWYS, BARGOED. BEIRNIAID. Cerddorol.—Tom Price, Ysw., G. & L.T.S.C., Merthyr; David Jones, Ysw. (Dewi Carne), Rhyniney. Llenyddol.—Parch D. R. Beynon, Pontlotty*; David Jones, Ysw., Ystrad Mynach. CYSTADLEUAETHAU. Prif Gystadleuoeth Gorawl.-lC Ar Lan Ior- ddonen Ddofn" (Gabriel). Heb fod dan 49 Mewn Rhif, Gwobr £7 7B. Cor Plant. Cwsg F'Anwylyd Cwsg," Hed ied dan 35 mewn Rhif, Gwobr £2 2s. Unawdau Ll Is. yr un. 4 Adroddiadau, Canu Penillion, Traethodau, &e. Mynediad i mewn 1 Plant 6d. PRIS Y RHAGLEN, DWY GEINIOG. Am fanvlion pellach vmofyner a'r Ysgrifenydd— Mr. EDWARD JONES, I John Street, Bargoed. The action takes by the Joint Board and the "Statement" issued by the Labour Party, which are referred to In the following pages, deserve a reply. Here it is. It is addressed to the entire Labour, Trade Uniotf, and Socialist Organisations of Great Britain. Study it well, and discuss it it your Societies, for the future well-being of the Working-class Movement depends upon year verdict. Now Ready. '?.'S::S Now Ready, Pe-A Free Sevenpense 'THE TATTOOED MEN,' OR LABOUR LEADERS AND THE WORKERS' MONEY The full story told by FREDERICK TEMPLE, (Author of Interest, Gold and Banking," War Finance and the Worker," &c.). London THE COMMONWEALTH PRESS, 118, Cannon Street, E.C. LITERARY. UNITARIAN PAMPHLETS on ? The Bible, ? Heaven," and Hell," given post free. -MISS BARHBY, Mount Pleasant, Sidmouth. MEDICAL. Q A -PAGE BOOK ABOUT HERBS AND 04: HOW TO USE THEM, Post Fr<?. Send for One. TRIMNELL, THE HERBALIST, 144, RICHMOND ROAD, CARDIFF. Established 1879. MISCELLANEOUS. ASTROLOGY.—Life Events, Changes, Fo?. Atunate Days, Business Success, Matrimony; Two Years' Future added.-Send Birth-date, 1(- P.O., Pucir. GoULD, "The Xook," Heatkfiek Road, Ganbff.