Pioneer

Outlines of Industrial History SEE PAGE 3

II E C f \VI Economic Causes of War. J J- T. WALTON NEWBOLD AT MERTHYR. I; J. T. WALTON NEWBOLD AT MERTHYR. rl CAPITALISM ON ITS LAST LEGS. Cuordering the weather, the day, and the fact that to people outside the Socialist movement thr, J. T. Walton Newbold, M.A., is a new man, i the-Merthyr I.L.P. has every reason to congratu- late itself upon the success of Sunday afternoon's jfteeting in the Rink. Bigger meetings we have had-foi- better known men—but none have own a greater spirit of intentness or enthu- jjasm. Moreover, Mr. Newbold was working entirely new ground, no far as the general Ambers of the audience were concerned; and gnomic interpretations are not things that lend | -?selves so easily as criticisms of Rolicy to ?Pular exposition. ,?lr. Dan Morris in his opening remarks from ? chair dwelt upon this new departure. J. T. Walton Newbold, M.A., told the a.udi ?ce that it was his task to trace the economic Causes of war in gemeral. If we were to take ? scieiitifte g? really valuable view of the part ?hlch- Socialism and the Socialist movement was ? play in the development of European progress la? absolutely essential to view the economic ? ??tions under which we lived, and trace the I **y in which they had evolved from the economic Editions of the past. Socialism was esse !IV ?ethmg which came at a certain stage of in- ?strial development to\ contmue the progress of "Nation when that industrial system which  had to-day had come—as it was coming to- imnkruptcy. For this reason he was f^g to trace the economic factors in war, right down British history—the earlier wars cursorily, aild then fuller from 1873 when Imperialism be- ?aie a rampant thing. ??aat was it prompted the ancestors of the ?ufort? and others of 600 and 700 years ago  England into Wales what brought them f"Om Normandy into England; and wha? brought ?.Q? the Scandanavian North into Nor- O"ld,Y It was the hunger of a land Clllt" h ,J .t?iva.t? ?gs to get more land into its hands l" b" u ?'? which it could get a higher remuneration j h5 the form of rent, either in kind or money.   Wars that marked earlier European history r j eife waM of ImpenalIsm; liut the Imperialism 1 f f<l landlord class. The Norman barons stepped '5vel' the marshes into Scotland, and into W ales  Ur the purpose of enlarging their rent rolls with- ? much effort for t h emselves. T h ese conflicts 'I\r In1J.C, Hort ,ror iJhemel:res, These con J,cts ■ ?re convicts of CGonomic interests coneernng  relative riches or interests of the governing [■pss of the time being—that governing class :¡ng<.t4. Baro.ial do" When they had found ? Mm its of the land on which they could lay pilfering fingers they settled down to ^Itivate the land they had occupied. Or rather "?y looked around for mugs to cultivate it for ^ra. gome of the mugs were native, some im- P?'ted. The workers were brought into play. If nativ workers had land of their own and re- **d toenltivte, my Lord's!, for wages, then l/lewa the simple expedient of an Act of Par- ?ient or an Order in Council to take from the IJ',er his land; and if there was no Act then Viol > v:otont hands were laid upon it, and the Acf i.L- '?''ably followed. It was then discovered that )? wa? unnecessarv for the Churc1,' and the jl»nds -H ?('l Church was expropriated, and er that ??? land-owning class had to look oUIld for markets in which to market their '°0ds. When the Beanforts and the Earls of |6i'sey had sold all they could at home they be- ?? to see how much thev could sell in the foi- tSa markets of the Continent; aad the Beau- v f 0rts> and Jerseys of France and the Netherlands fu 18 domg. exactly the same thing. The peace- f 4?i llel*sl-l sion d if it at led, then the 'De l.pers,n3tl'non was tried and if it failed, then the ?''suasion was not quite so peaceful. The law- hI'-ere set to work to see if anybody had broken a treaty, and we then went to fight for ?e sanctity of traitors and anything else that opened to be knocking about. Thus, when the Spaniards had profitably introduced slave labour "'to America, we and our allies, the Dutch "?t a,tong emancipating the negroes and ?'ybody else from the rule of the tlaniard. When the Spaniard was done with we f"Illid that aur allies, the Dutch, had got more ?an was good for them, and we went along ??laiXcip«kixig the whole lot over again. When th had been done our allies the -French were red to h?y? more D?f?h property than '?' goo<I for them, and the whole business re- ??nienced. That was the merry story of the lonial system, which was a system of sending  a company-owned fleet of vessels to trade ) ^h the savages. When other nation's companies < '?'e found to be trading with the savages, then it found better to take the savages under ) '5qi, protection a law was passed in the English ] ^arliam&Bt and applied in the colony forbidding the sa,vag? to trade with foreigners or if they d trade only through the English as middle- men. AH this kind of thing was great for my i0l'd, not that he was selling anything like ?ther, or cotton goods, or woollens, but that  more of these commodities that were sold :¡, if his land the more valuable became his land, the larger became his rent roll. Not only "? b"t when a new colony or dependency was 5 funded it needed someone to look after it-a Loi-d Dientenant; a Viceroy, or a Governor, and It 1. I' v' ,J, ? whole ?steni of supervision, and there wa& a wb for my lord or his offspring. Then aN army Was needed to look after it and it required Vtticers, and officers had rather a nice time of it tho old days. The land-owning classes saw e advantages' of tariffs, of wars, of officialdom; ?t on other hand there was a new body of ?oducers ?rnrging up. These people, the Craw- ?ha3,s the Vivians and the Guests found Parlia- ,? ?nt in ?h?, hands of the landowners, who had ? ?de the Iqad laws for hundreds of ye&rs, and 1hœe laws in their own favour. For S j ^stanc«, ike Dowlais Iron CompaBy paid as .?f foi- hs I?Bd ?32 a year, but when the land Passed from the Windsors into the ha?ds of the t'8) Hie Bute lawyers were set to work to  if the Dowlais Iron Workers, which was only ?ying .63? &, year rent, and no royalties, had infriug7tng seme clause. Whv? Because he owner thought he could get some more out it now that the works were doing well. There ase a considerable number of cases brought be- t fore tiie Courts and the Dowlais Co. thought it would be oetter to enter into a new lease, and the rear was then not t32 a. year, but £ 1,500. Naturally Jonn Joshua Guest- 'the first member for Merthyr—did not believe in the House of Lords. He was a very good Radical, and like the people who had to take their ore, coal and iron gver the Golden Mile of Lord Tredegar, he did not love the landlord class. They all be- lieved it would be a very good thing to abolish the House of Lards and reform the Land Laws. These people ware all up against the landlords, and their tariff proposals, since tariffs increased the cost of living and that heightened the workers' wages, and the cost of production. They saw no good in Empire, since Empire demanded ships and guns and armies to protect it, and with wooden ships and guns that lasted 50 years. No Dowlais steel was wanted or Swansea copper fittings. Armaments did not pay and so they were pacifists and free traders to a man. The economic basis of Radicalism, the economic basis of Free Trade, and the economic basis of paci- fism was the economic basis of the manufacturers and traders, wh@ had nothing to make out of Empire. The economic basis of Imperialism with its tariffs, was the economic basis of the land- lord class, whose basis of interest was in selling the corn off their land as dearly as possibly in order that their rent rolls might be as big as possible. But this beautiful, hanpy world, that the manufacturers and traders had made for them- selves did not last for ever. By 1840 the ore on which the DowlruV Company had been started was beginning to work out. Ore was brought from Cumberland and Cornwall, but this was being used by other capitalist com- panies. Moreover, the foreign manufacturers, who had not been competitors in the world's markets now, began to produce more than they could consume at home, and they began to look around for foreign markets on which to unload their unconsumed surpluses. Since the 'seven- ties every steel works, and every foundry in South Wa,l&s had been dependent for its supplies of ore and raw stone on overseas. Bilbao would be worked out by 1928..From where would come the next supplies? The capitalists were eoil) 6 Ile n:ext sLipp l I p-s. '? out to worship the great god Output, because he gave a high profit. They wanted as much iron-stone as possible and as cheap as possible. If it paid the capitalists to enter into an alliance with Krupp .the morning after peace was de- clared they would do so if it did not pay them they would be Britons, and delight the heart of Charlie Stanton. (Laughter.) It became a very serious problem for the steel manufacturers of .Britain after the 'seventies to place their steel, and thev who were free- traders, and non-believers in armaments and killing their brothermen found that it was neces- sary to abandon the political philosophy; of Free Trade, and to put their trust with such gods as Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and the latter day saint, Lloyd George, who had only just seen the light. Peaceful penetration was profitable, because w hen savages interfered with railways in equatorial Africa or elsewhere a gun- boat was sent/Õut, and gunboats were good be- cause they consumed armour plates, and copper fittings, and heavy steel. If every blue wave on the ocean was covered by a dreadnought the steelworks proprietors would not be satisfied. The country had to be pliced and I?rOspectOI'sj were set out all in the interests of dividend. The same thing went on all round; and international crises arose and- war oame. It was all a ques- I tion of marketting surplus manufactures. The markets of the world were becoming glutted be- cause the workers produced more than it was possible for them to consume. Capitalism was on its last legs ,and knew it. The only way in which Capitalism could save its life at pre- sent was by c, o ing to the State—not cap in. hand, since its ex-committees in every State were the GovernmeBtsand demanding that the whole of the resources of the country should be placed oehind it, to do what it desired, even to indus- trial conscription in Germany, and national en- rolment in South Wales. (Cheers.)

How Six Welshmen Made Good, A QUEENSLAND COAL MIN-ING ROMANCE. Five years ago or so, six Welshmen, W. B. Thomas, William Ellis, J. W. Jones, William Morris, E. H. Williams and Owen Evans, all working miners, went a-boring at Ipswich, Queensland, for a "big-seam" they firmly be- lieved—from the lay of the land and other evi- dence—existed in the neighbourhood. The six men chucked their job on a small and much inferior seam and went after the big one. Month after month, and year after year they stuck to it, sinking, sinking, and with ever-sinking funds and resources. At last, when down 625 feet, they were fairly" gravelled." Their money was gone, and they could get no more, and it seemed that all their work and time and sacrifice would go for nothing. Happily for them they met a good friend and a bold speculator. He told them to go ahead and he would foot all the bills. They went ahead with renewed hope, and at 685 feet they struck the coal! The mine was made." A. fine plant was put on it, and it is now being developed steaclily and systematically. So far their results have exceeded expectations. A reporter writes: -I went down. It was my second trip down a coal mine. My first experi- ence ended at a shaft—a shaft 1,200 feet deep, with no coal near (it was struck afterwards at 2,100 feet), but plenty at water. It was a huge, round, untimbered hole. But the Queensland Cardiff is different. In its black depths—beauti- fully boarded from sump to poppet heads, there is a great seam 7 ft. 6 in. or 7 ft. 9 in. thick, of first-class steam coal. The development is pro- ceeding apace, and the workings are perhaps 50 or 00 yard s in, with a drive and a return in progress, and coal-coal everywhere, beyond the dreams of avarice. Those poor working miners are made men to-day, and it does one good to see and hear them. Modest, industrious, cheerful, friendly and unspoiled, they are going just straight ahead with their big job.

PLEASE MENTION THE PIONEER WHEN ANSWERING ABVERTS.

Gorsemon Notes. I Music Hath Charm- Yes, it had many a charm at Gorsemon on Boxing Day. when the Gorseinon Temperance Band held a brass band contest at the Picture Palace. There was a bands in the contest, but previous to this some of the bands played a march from the station to the hall which roused the whole district from its slumber and sadness (which must be in every town and village) induced by the war. The hall was packed to the very doors, long before the contest commenced. The president, Rev. Richard Jones, vicar of Gorseinon, briefly outlined the obj ect of the competition, and implored the pub- lie for their patronage in the future. The vicar caused quite a roar of laughter when he asked the audience not to call the names of bands or applaud before the competition, and the first to infringe the rule was the vicar by saying, U Num- ber three on programme-Ammanford The representatives had to again draw lots and all was well. The march competition was played in the High-street, 1st prize, Xenfig Hill; 2nd, Waunar Cywdd. Class B, halectjon, "Sicilian Vesper," 1st prize, Kenfig Hill; .2nd, Gorseinon Temperance Band; 3rd, Briton ferry. Class C, "Prince of Beasant," 1st, Xenfig Hill; 2nd, Caerau Maesteg; 3rd, Pontarduiais. There were a number of medals given to solo players for good rendering: Euphonium and trombone, Ken- fig Hill; basses, Caerau soprano, Gorseinon. The adjudicator was S. Radcliff, Esq., Abertridwr, who praised the bands for their excellent play- ing. He was pleased to witness the enthusiasm among the people, which was a good sign for the future. I admit eiitliustairii is all right, but we must keep it going in a practical manner. The band is desirous of retaining the silver instru- ments that they have in their possession, they can be purchased for L200 or so, the only way this can be done is for the village folk to contri- bute a weekly copper regularly. By this means Gorseinon will have a band whicn it can be proud of. I am no mathematician, but I am positive that these instruments can be paid for in three months. They have in Mr, Sutcliffe, as conduc- tor, one of the ablest men in Wales, he having played with and conducted some of the best bands in England. What is your wish, reader? When the lads come marching home. Shall they be welcomed with a silver band or not. The Church, temperance and labour demonstrations, do you desire to retain this band? If so, it is your duty to do all in your power in assisting the financial part of the Gorseinon Temperance Band. I I.L.P. and the Male Voice Prrty. I It was a cowardly and lying action of a Gorsei- nite that supplied a contemporary paper with such an, unfair judgment of the I.L.P. and its action in stopping the Male Voice Party gaining admission to the Institute on Sunday for re- hearsal. The I.L.P. were as dogs in. a, manger, they could not have permission themselves and had done all in their power to stop other societies. May I point out the truth, and it is this: was not a representative upon the Institute Com- mittee who implored and pointed out the folly of closing the doors to all if it could not agree to one section of the community, as the I.L.P.'s did on this night. There is not a person who can deny it. Every I.L.P. voted for the Male Voice Party to have permission to use the hall on Sundays. No, my friends, it is the same old crew; nothing to anybody unless they themselves are in the swim. But, look out, we shall turn the tables very soon. Women's Labour League. There was a good number of women at the initiatory meeting held for the purpose of es- tablishing a branch of the Women's Labour League at Gorseinon. Mrs. David Morris pointed out the need of a Women's Labour League, whereby the women of the district could assist in the. fight that the I.L.P. was making. She admitted that many women attended the local I.L.P., but it was impossible far all to attend the I.L.P., whereas if it were held upon another night the women could be present, there were many reasons for this. Mesdames W. Rees, H. Rees and F. Barrowcliff eehoed the sentiments of Mrs. Morris. The musical part was taken by Mrs. Herbert Rees, Miss May Morris, Miss Iris Williams, Miss Thora Harris and Mrs. Pryce Jones. It was so bright for the future when the children sang The Red .Flag." Mr. David Morris supplied refreshment gratis. Father Time and Chum." For many years on the eve of a new year have I listened to choirs and parties singing hymns, carols, etc., but upon this Now Year's Eve what a change! I was aroused by the sing- ing of Labour hymns, "The Red Flag" sung from beginning to end. Lo and behold! it was our local N.O.F. After singing there were cheers for the comrades in prison. What a change. Father Time. Yes, there is t. be a greater change ere long. The men in high places will have to bow the knee, because, depend upon it, there will be a shout by the people, and it will be such a shout that many will quake. To the editor and printers of the Pioneer," to all readers, to the boys at the front, to the boys in prison, a happy New Year. May the dug-outs be potato patches, the trench entrances open, the prison doors unlocked and the command for each man to return home, everyone to his own fireside. Yours, for a good time coming, V "CHUM."

TO-MORROW MAY BE TOO LATE. Get a Box TO-DAY! Robert Bdes, of Weybridge, writes" After I had talex the second two I felt better than I had dons for over four- years. The pain in my back had entirely gone." Mrs. King, Run well Road, Wickford, states Your pills cared me aftei years of pain." Sufferers from Gravel, Lumbago, Pains in the I Lumbago, Pains in I"e Back, Dropsy, Bright's Disease of the Kidneys, etc., Seiatica, Rheumatism, and Gout, will find a positive care in Holdroyd's Gravel Pills. Is. 3d." all chemists; post free U stamns. Grave) Pills. Medico Haf), aeckheaton HOLDROYD'S Medical Hafl, Cleckkeaton

The Belgian Appeal to the Proletariat. FORCED LABOUR AND STARVATION AT I HANDS OF INVADERS. Some time ago we received from Louis de Bronckere, for the Oaion of the Members of the Belgian Labour Party Residing in England, the attached translation of a petition which the Union states it has received from a reliable source, as an appeal, being sent out by the en- tire Belgian workmen's organisations to the pro- letariat of all countries. It forms a startling picture of the fate of the proletariat of an in- vaded country under the heels of a perfect mili- tary despotism. There is only one thing will eond these horrors; and that is to end the cause of these horrors for all time—war. In the name of the international solidarity of workmen, the working classes in Belgium, men- aced by slavery, deportation and forced labour for the enemy, now address their supreme appeal for energetic and efficacious assistance to the working classes of the world. We do not ask for words of sympathy but for deeds. You are men, you will understand us. Our position is desperate. Germany, as you know, attacked and terror- ised Belgium in 1914, because she defended the rights of her neutrality, her oath and her honour. Since then, Germany has made Belgium suffer martyrdom. She has made Belgium a prison the frontier is armed against the Belgians as if it were a battle front: there are trenches, barbed wire with electric currents, machine guns and points d'appui. All our constitutional liberties are abolished. There is no safety to be found anywhere the lives of the citizens are ruled, by a most arbitrary policy, without limit and with- out pity. These acts have been committed against per- sons, the following will show you those that have been committed against the riches of the coun- try. Germany has condemned her victim to pay an immense war levy which already amounts to more than a thousand million francs (40 million-' sterling), and which is augmenting at the rate of fifty million francs a month (two millions sterling). She has carried off and transported into Germany, by pillage, confiscation, requisi- tion and forced sales, food-stuffs and mer- chandise, consisting of both agricultural and in- dustrial produce, to the valu of more than five thousand million frane, (2(1) million pounds 1 <. 1 sterling?. At the in seized and sent into Germany the greater pari of the raw products in our factories, the machinery and all accessories: she has thus stopped our industry and caused an almost general and enforced state of idleness of the working classes. For nearly two years the Germans have kept up this plague of idleness," up till the present day--Ociobei-, 19H1-when Germany, lacking la- bour, has drawn on Belgium for the necessary forces of which she has such pressing need. Workmen. Yes, the Germans have caused the enforced idleness in Belgium and have main- tained it at their own profit: by refusing to allow England, who had agreed to semd raw ma- terial into the country, the proper diplomatic control to prevent the products being seized by Germany, by preventing, by terrible edicts, the Belgian Communal Councils, the Belgian Work- men's associations and Belgian authorities from giving work to the men in need of it, or from attending to their professional education, by employing them in works of public utility. In this way five hundred thousand workmen have been rendered idle and kept in a state of en- forced idleness. Contrary to the rumour which the Germans circulated abroad, these out-of-work men and their families are not living at the expense of public budgets or on public charity. They have often, been and are still aided, in all dignity and fraternity, by a private fund, exclusively Belgian, which has never complained of its heavy duties or of its responsibility. The solidarity of all Belgian social classes allows of the existence of this magnificent fund, which is without pre- cedent in the history of social assistance. Workmen, they say, to the five hundred thou- sand involuntary idlers, which they themselves have forced into that position and kept there: either you must sign a contract for work in Germany or you will be taken as slaves. In either case it is exile, deportation and forced labour in the enemy's interest and against their own country: terrible punishments—the cruel- lest that have ever been inflicted to punish crime are carried out-and what are these II crimes ? Involuntary idleness which the tyrant has him- self enforced and maintained. And as, in spite of the most odious pressure, the Germans can- not obtain si--nati-ires-which they dare to de- signate as voluntary in their official communiques to neutral countries—they seize our workmen by force, your brothers and ours; they arrest them by thousands every day, they tear them away from their wives and their children; surrounded by bayonets, they drag them to cattle trucks, and in these they take them away to the front and to Germany. On the Western Front, they force them, by the most brutal means, to dig trenches, con- struct military aviation grounds, make strategi- cal roads, and fortify the German lines. And when their victims, in spite of all, refuse to work on these defences, according to their rights laid down in the rights 'of nations, they starve them, they ill-treat them, they beat them, they cause them to contract illnesses, they wound, and sometimes they even kill them. In Germany, they are taken forcibly to the mines, quarries and lime kilns, whatever their age, profession or trade may be. They are de- ported pell-mell, young men of 17 and old men of 60 and iiioi-e. Is not this ancient slavery in all its horror? There are already more than 50,000 workmen, whether out of work or not, who have been deported, as convicts or slaves. Every day they make a clean sweep of a fresh district; formidable weapons are set up—machine guns—and innumerable soldiers are called out, and all these military measures are taken against these poor unarmed people, who are terrorised and conscious of their violated rights. Workmen J Do not forget that the soldiers whe are the executioners of our Belgian workmen are German workmen, and in this way 500,000 (per- haps 800,000) men will be deported if you do not do amything to hinder it! After the men, the women will doubtless be taken. Five hundred thousand more. The whole of the working classes in Belgium are threatened with slavery, starvation and death. Do you know, brethren, what the Germans give their victims as "wages"?—Thirty pfen- nigs per working day And the food. What food! The civil prisoners who return from Germany after three months' detention there have lost a third of their former weight; they are unrecognisable, emaciated; many of them never reoover their health, they languish and die. If this is the lot of the prisoners who do nothing, what will b9 the lamentable lot of the Belgian deported work- men who will be made to bear the heaviest bmrdens ? In a few months' time our working popula- tion, the pride of our free country, will be an- nihilated by forced labour. Om the day whea peace will be restored, there will be scarcely any Belgian workmen left who will be capable of taking up the great work of the economic recon- struction of what was once prosperous Belgium, whose only crime has been ) defend her right as a neutral, her life and her?ifenour. Workmen We have done all we can to spare this great slavery. Our highest authorities have shown the occupying power the great injustice and the .iniquit" of these measures. The High Court of Appeal in Belgium has asked Germany to withdraw her edicts which were contrary to the "natural rights"—the positive righ-ts-the rights of nations." The Belgian Episcopate, with the eminent Cardinal Mercier at its head, has demanded the withdrawal of these edicts which are contrary to morality and to their pledged word. Yes, their oath pledged solemnly in 1914 by the first Governor General of Belgium, Field Marshal von der Goltz, who proclaimed: "That the young men of Belgium would never be sent into Ger- many, either to be enrolled in the Army or for purposes of forced labour." It is because they believed in the pledged word of the Emperor's. direct representative, that our Belgian women returned from Holland, after the siege of Antwerp, and why others stayed in Belgium. And it is for this reason that the Germane aite now able to take them, deport them and force them to be slaves. Brethren, of all countries will V OIl allow this ? Our political 1 eprfn la ri ves have requested t h to withclraw thsc" diets, because, for a .<: ..?'a  lb working for the-.Gw- mans, is for him to be 5s:hting a?ninst hm ow& country. Does &ot every Belgian workman iw Germany release another German soldier for the front ? Our heads of industry have requested the with- drawal of these edicts because -III economic life in our country will be rendered impossible and it will breathe its last." The workmen, Socialists, Catholics, men and women, bound by the same thought of solidarity and in the same anguish have asked for these cruel edicts to be withdrawn because they are contrary to right— to the word of honour given and contrary also to civilisation, patriotism and the dignity of the working classes. All has been in vain. Germany, who has ur- gent need of labour, has not consented to with- draw the application of these edicts for a day or for an hour. The only reply she has made, has been to send more soJdiers and more machine- guns. The Belgian working-classes now look to the B esutral powers for help. They ask whether, this tima .they will not revolt at such a, Grime against humanity, and whether their conscience will not urge them to protest energetically. By allowing such an abominable crime to be committed, do they not associate themselves with it? The working classes in Belgium are asking with anguish whether the neutrals will again wash their hands after the manner of Pontius Pilate, under the pretext that the German calomnies are not in accordance with the complaints of their victims. Belgium, the martyr for Right, does not ask for verbal statem«nts or platomia sympathy. She asks for deeds. Will neutrals and the upper classes allow this to go on? Will they allow civilisation to go back to the customs of barbarous times, when the com- querors carried off the conquered population as slaves? Will they allow the working classes t. be annihilated by a civilised people? If others act thus, even if the world looks on once more at such a base spectacle, will you not at least be our friends and our saviours? Workmen! We have no doubt that our eause is yours. It seems to us that if we do not de- nounce the outrage which menaces us, you will reproach us with it one day, saying, You did not have the right to be silent and suffer your martyrdom without complaint, you are the trus- tees of the honour of the conditions of the work- ing classes. If the civilised working population of one country is reduced to servitude, the work- ing classes of the whole world are in danger. It is a terrible precedent. We would not have al- lowed such an outrage to have been committed, it is slavery resulting from the condition of the modern working classes, a slavery from which they cannot return." Brethren! We seem to hear the words an- nouncing our salvation. You are numerous, yon are powerful, and you are energetic. You are the solei persons in the world who can prevent the whole of the working classes of oue civilised country from falling into a condition of slavery. In the depth of our distress, we rely on you. Act! As for us—even if force should succeed for a moment in reducing our bodies to slavery, our souls will never be crushed. We add this: Whatever our tortures may be, we do not want peace without the independence of ow country and the triumph of iustice." LBS OtrvRiEKS BBLGBS BN BBYGIQUB.

EVERY PRINTING ORDER given to the Pioneer Press" mea»s more Ammunition for Party Propaganda. Get inte the Line of our MUNITION WORKERS.