Llais Llafur

THE ARMAMENTS SCANDAL A Damning Exposure Mr. Philip Snowden's Great Speech "What has been well described as one of the greatest Parliamentary speeches of recent vears was delivered by Mr. Philip Snowden, the Labour member for Blackburn, in the House of Com- mons on Wednesday evening. The occa- sion was the debate on the Navy Estimates, and Mr. Snowden made one of the most eloquent and astounding exposures yet voiced of the conspiracy of the great armaments' "ring" to maintain and increase the expenditure on munitions of war. With relentless force, the hon. member traced the con- nection between members of Parlia- ment and armaments firms, and read out a list of members with the shares held by them, and an account of the part played by them in the House in armaments debates. It was a remark- able achievement and has created wide- spraed discussion both at home and abroad. This is how the Parliamentary corres- pondent of the "Daily Citizen" de- scribed the speech:— One of the greatest speeches that a House of great speeches has ever known was made this evening by Mr. Philip Snowden. When his spare, rather ascetic figure rose from below the gangway the House had thinned under a characteristically hectoring speech from the bumptious Dr. Macnamara. In a quarter of an hour it had filled again, and groups of members stood below the bar, as, in a stillness that was almost oppressive, Mr. Snowden bunched one of the most terrific and damning indictments that has ever been formulated. The first part of the speech was taken up by a challenge of the principles on which the estimates were based and of the present naval policy of the Govern- ment. "If a section of the Radical members," he said, as he swung round to gaze at the benches behind him, "have any hope for the future of their party they must regard with consider- able dismay this piling up of millions year after year, bitter, sar- castic little smile played around his lips—"they may be inclined to wonder whether after all the acquisition by the Liberal Party of the First Lord of the Admiralty has been a valuable asset." But these were only preliminaries. So, too, was his description of the First Lord as "a danger to the safety of the country and a menace to the peace of Europe." So, too, was his vivid pic- turing of the vision of the First Lord as one in which "a British Dreadnought appears on every wave of the four oceans, while aeroplanes are as thick as were the locusts on the land of Egypt." The drama, thrilling and ar- resting, came when he reached his as- tounding exposures of the armaments' "ring." But before what that the House listened to the whistling of his whip as he drove it on the back of a "Liberal" Goyernment (how he em- phasised the word!) that could not spare money for social reform but could spend 360 millions sterling on the Navy. Dreadnoughts instead of social re- form! "If it had not been for the twenty millions increase," he hissed, M his frail frame trembled with angry accusation, "what could we not have done ? Why, with half of the sum that this Government has spent on the Navy we could have established a Utopia in this dear land of ours." IN HANDS OF "CROOKS." And then he came to the matter of the armaments ring, introducing it with Lord Welby's remark that "We are in the hands of an organisation of crooks" and supplementing that by the diction- ary definition of "crook" as "a thief, a swindler, a man who gains his aim by crooked ways." He talked with withering cloquetfce of "scares en- gineered during the times of trade depression, engineered for the purpose of forcing Governments to spend money in the provision of armaments." It was an appalling picture that he painted of the gigantic profiteering octopus reaching forth its slimy ten- tacles to grasp countries and govern- ments and ministries in its insatiable lust for profit, profit, ever profit, at the expense of public probity, national goodwill, honest government—a picture of a combination of internation- al firms, with international sharehold- ers "throwing up their hats and shout- ing, "More ships, more profits, more dividends.' M p. SHAREHOLDER. I Then he drove the attach right home in a manner that staggered the House into the tense silence with which it listened from now to the end. "Shareholders," he mentioned, and as ho picked up lists of names the bitter smile flitted over his whimsical com- pelling face again. "Shareholders." The House held its breath. The only sound was the wriggling of uncomfort- able and fearfully expectant members. Then came the first shot. His voice took on a note of quiet threat. His words came slowly and evenly across the silence. "It would be impossible for me to throw a stone on the benches opposite without hitting a member who is not tt>wLlj3ued at bottom of next colur»m.j

THE FEEDING OF NECESSI- TOUS SCHOOL CHILDREN. ——— 4-i MR. F. W. JOWETT'S NEW BILL. The Bill to amend the law relating to the feeding of school-children which Mr. F. AN. Jowett is shortly to illtro- duee in the House of Commons will be received nowhere with greater in- terest than in Bradford. This is due not so much to Mr. Jowett's local ass/o- ciations as to the fact that in this, as in many other matters affecting the health and physique of schoolchildren, Bradford has played and still is play- ing a pioneer's part. The education authority has not always been content to await national legislation; it has made experiments that have anticipat- ed and influenced legislation. And Mr. Jowett's Bill may be said to seek in its main purpose to bring the law into con- formity with Bradford practice in this matter of the provision of free meals. The Provision of Meals Act, 1906, limits the expenditure to a halfpenny rate, but in Bradford this has long been recognised as wholly inadequate for the work. Notwithstanding repeat- ed Surcharges the Bradford Education Committee regularly spends the equiva- lent of a penny rate on the provision of meals—the City Council cheerfully using a portion of the profits on its trading undertakings in order to foot the bill for all expenditure in excess of the statutory limit. The letter of the Act also is exceeded by the provision of meals during holidays as well 303 schooldays. On this latter point Mr. Jowett alread y has sought to amend the law he introduced a Bill with the objects of which the Government ex- pressed sympathy, but it was not pro- ceeded with. In his new Bill Mr. Jowett will again seek to provide for the feeding of schoolchildren during holidays. In ad- dition he will propose the abolition of the halfpenny rate limit. Another im- portant object of the Bill will be to provide for the feeding of necessitous children even in cases where the local authority has not put the Provision of Meals Act into operation. Mr. Jowett proposes to give power to school teach- ers and others to cause any child to be examined if believed to be underfed. If the examination shows that the child is suffering owing to insufficiency of food, the local authority will be re- quired to bear the expense of providing food. In any case of urgency the head m-aster is to be authorised to feed the child pending the examination. The examination is to be made by a com- petent person, usually the school medi- cal officer. Full details of the Bill will be issued in the course of a few days.

S. WALES ^MINERS' I FEDERATION. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CONSIDERED. ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING. A council meeting erf the South Wales Miners' Federation was held at Cardiff on Thursday, Mr. Wm. Brace, M. P, presiding, and other officials present were Mr. A. Onions (treasur- er), and Mr. Thos. Richards, M.P., general secretary. EAST GLAMORGAN. A letter was received from the East Gam organ Labour Party asking that in the forthcoming ballot for the se- lection of Labour candidate, the whole of the Trade Union members within that Parliamentary division be allowed to take part. It w.L, decided that the ballot be conducted in this manner. SOUTH GLAMORGAN. I A letter was received from the South j Glamorgan Labour Party asking the Council to nominate a Labour candi- date to contest this division at the next election. The general secretary was instruct-ed to reply stating that the Council do not nominate, the nomina- tions being in the power of the lodges in the division, and if any lodges no- minate the Council will have to con- sider the matter. NEW DUNVANT COLLIER.Y I A special joint survey of the work- ings of this colliery having been ar- ranp?d between owners and the work- men in consequence of the fears entM'- tained by the workmen that they were approaching old workings containing water, an appeal was made by the Western District that the workmen's share of the survey should be paid from the Central Fund. This was ac- ceded to. NEW DISTRICT QUESTION. The general secretary and Mr. Tom Smith reportod upon the question of the proposed new district of the Federation in the Neath area, and they were again asked to meet the re- presentatives of these lodges with a view of considering another phase of the situation. GLENGARW COLLIERY DISPUTE. A report was receiv ed upon the posi- tion at this colliery, where the work- men arc on strike in consequence of the owners' refusal to agree to addi- tional payment of wages for the intro- duction of safety lamps. It was found that the matter in dispute could not be dea.!t with by the arbitrators ap- pointed by the Conciliation Board in consequence of the owners' contention that the workmen should return to work prior to the arbitration taking place. It was resolved that the work- men be recommended to return to work to enable the arbitrators to forthwith deal with the matter in dispute. EBBW VALE ISSUE. A eommunictaion was received from Ebbw Vale district respecting the failure of Mr. W. H. Martin and Mr. D. Watts Morgan to settle the matter in dispute referred to them by .th Conciliation Board, Rnd it was resolved that Mr. Watta Morgan meet the work- men's representatives with a view of further investigation, and report to the Council. I AUDITOR'S REPORT. I The auditors, Messrs. James Pitman (Blaina) and Tom Lawrence (Ebbw Vale) reported upon the audit of the Federation central accounts for the year ended December 31st, 1913. They found the books correct, and acknow- ledged the readiness with which the f.cnera! official's produced everything required to make a complete audit of the accounts. The average membership for the year was reported as being 153,736, being 8,000 above the previous highest average. The report was ac- cepted, and a vote of thanks was ac- corded to the auditors for their ser- vices. ANNUAL CONFERENCE. I The annual conference of the South Wales miners was fixed to be held at the Cory Hall, Cardiff, 011 Monday, April Gth, and the following day. Messrs. Oliver Harris,, J. D. Mor- gan, and Charles Edwards were ap- pointed to attend the conference of the Miners' Federation of Great Bri- tain, to he held in London. Recommendations for discussions at the annual conference were also con- sidered, and these included the burning questions of the day, foremost being the banksmen's demand for better wages and shorter hours. For nearly two years the banksmen have been seeking to improve their conditions, and a committee of the Conciliation Board has dealt with the matter from time to time. This committee agreed upon the number of hours to be worked and also upon ..the duties expected from the banksmen, but came to :< deadlock on the demand for better wages. Several attempts to reach agreement have since been made, but the coalowners' side of the Conciliation Board will yield no further, and now the workmen's representatives are faced '.villi the demand of the banks- men. who declare that little has been done by the Federation to improve their condition. The fear which is now entertanied is that unless something be quickly done the banksmen may get out of hand. The annual conference will discuss the situation in detail, and j decide upon future steps to be taken by the Federation. SIX TURNS FOR FIVE PRINCIPLE. I The next matter in point of impor- tance is the gene.ral acceptance of the principle of the payment of six turns for five worked by afternoon and night shift workmen. Under the minimum wage award of Lord St. Aldwyn this arrangement was allow- i to continue at those collieries where it previously existed, but smce then the Federation have sought to make it applicable to all collieries, but the owners' side on the Conciliation Board have consistent- ly opposed it. AVERAGING Conference will further be asked to instruct the executive as to what steps should be taken to arrive at an under- standing on the question of the averag- ing of earnings. This point, it will be recalled was fought in court because the workmen insisted that Lord St. Aldwvn's rule fixing a fortnight's earn- ings as the average in order to find the minimum, was ultra vires. The Court of Appeal found that the rule was in fact ultra vires, but fixed no period instead of the fortnight, and subse- quently the Conciliation Board failed to come to an agreement. The work- men urged that a week be agreed upon but to this the owners ,ulJ not agree unless there were sufficient safeguards provided so that men would not be paid twice over for the same work. The workmen argue that the other rules in the award provide the neces- sary safeguards. It is for the purpose of removing this deadlock that the con- ference will now be asked to suggest further action. ELECTRICITY IN MINES. Since the Senghenydd disaster much has been talked of the danger attend- ing the use of electricity as a motive power in the mines, and the conference will be urged to pass a strong resolu- tion demanding legislation with a view to its prohibition. NEW SCHEDULE. Another matter considered of su- preme importance referred to the con- ference was that relating to the appli- cation of the new schedule of rates. The last annual conference agreed that a new schedule of rates-these being considerably above those now in force -should be insisted upon at all new collieries and new seams opened, but the Federation have in this matter failed to get the coalowners to agree to the new rates, and it will be left to the conference to decide how the demand shall be enforced. Already the Council have asked for increased con- tributions to enforce this and other de- mands, and it is expected that the re- sult of the ballot on the question of contributions will be known before the conference is held. Several other matters affecting the internal working of the Federation have been referred to the conference, and an attempt will be made to regu- late the annual holidays. NON-UNIONISM. The non-Unionist question has not been lost sight of, for the Rhondda and Pontypridd district urge the ecxeutive to got incorporated in in the next wage agreement a clause "That all colliery workmen shall be members of the S. W.F.M. as this would materially benefit both employers and workmen." The officials of the Federation will also be instructed to negotiate with the railway companies to issue cheap tic- kets when conferences are held at Car- diff and elsewhere to enable small and weak lodges to be represented there- a.t, as is done with the Co-operators' Movement Society. FEDERATION CONTRIBUTIONS. A ballot was taken by the South WaJes Miners' Federation with regard to the proposed increase of Federation contributions, and the result will he made known before the annual con- ference in April. Several, attempts have been made of late years to secure an increased contribution from the mem- bers, but although the Executive Council have several times recommend- ed this, the general body of the men have rejected the proposal. There is now said to be great need for increas- ing the contributions if the Federa- tion is to enforce its demands for im- proved conditions.

Labour Journalists at Ystradgynlais COMING VISIT, OF MESSRS. BROCKWAY AND BUNDOCK Local adherants of the Labour and Socialist movement will have the oppor- tunity of hearing two rising young speakers in progressive causes on Friday evening ntxt, when Mr A. Fenner Brockway, Editor of the "Labour Leader" (organ of the I.L.P. and Mr. Clement J. Bundock, his assistant, will spea-k- at Ystradgynlais Workmen's Hall, under the auspices of the I.L.P. branch. Both speakers ave already rendered con- siderable service to the movement as journalists of marked ability, and there da be a large audience to hear their speeches. Mr Brockway's subject will be "The Religion of Socialism." and Mr Bundock's "The Need of Political Action.

SURFACEMEN AND THEIR WAGES ANOTHER CONFERENCE At the Conference of the M.F.G.B. held on Thursday and Friday in London, several questions of importance are on the agenda, in- cluding that of the wages of surfacemen and a proposal f.rom South Wales for the amendment of the Mines Act to increase the number of local inspectors. On the surfacemen's question reports from the federated districl..s will be pre- sented, but more important still will be a report of the Federation Committee re- specting recent negotiations with the colliery owners' national association on the subject. While the; Federation has been moving in the interests of all the federated counties, each district has been allowed to do the best for itself. In Northumberland the coal owners agreed that any surface-worker between the age of 21 and 65, whose wage did not amount to 3s. a day, should be made up to that sum, and the Miners' Association accepted the offer pending further con- cessions being sought. The view among responsille miners' leaders is that unless the coal owners alter their attitude on the question, and grant what the men consider a reason- able. wage for surface-workers, there will be another national strike. Moreover, the country will not have three months in which to prepare against a coal famine; the thing will be done at very short notice. The men's representatives are seeking to have the surfaceworkers included in the scope of the Eight Hours, Act and the Minimum Wage Act, but so far as the latter statute is concerned the Prime Minister did not, in a recent interview with members of the Miners' Federa- tion, give much hope of anything being done, in that direction. Everything points to a big national trouble over the surfacemen's grievances unless the present position changes greatly. The result of the forthcoming federation conference will, therefore, be awaited with special interest. The trouble which has arisen over the Minimum Wage Act awards in Northumberland and Durham will also be considered. On the latter point, a move- ment is being pressed forward, and in a circular just issued to the miners of both counties, an appeal for united action is made "for the purpose of obtaining the abrogation of those inquitous awards."

Far-Reaching Decision in Lancashire SETTLEMENT ARRIVED AT. A conference of the Lancashire and Cheshire Miners' Federation at Salford on Saturday reached an important de- cision with reference to the wages of surface workers employed at the .coal mines of the, two oounties. Mr T. Greenall (president) was in the chair, and after full consideration the conference decided to accept the follow- ing proposals for a settlement "That the wages of the persons en- gaged on the pit banks and screens manipulating the coal and governed by the Conciliation Board for the federated area shall not, during the continuance of the said board, so long as the present percentage of 65 per cent. above the 1888 rate prevails, be less than the following rates, but subject to the reduction if any which may be made by the Conciliation Board. Eaoh advance or reduction of 5 pea- cent. in the rate of wages to mean an advance or reduction of ld. per day for persons up to the age of 16 years and under, and 2d. per day for those of 16 vears and over. Scale of wages. Age. a d 13 to 14 1 7 14 to 15 1 A 15 to 16 2 0 16 to 17 2 6 17 to 18 3 0 18 to 19 3 4 19 to 20 3 8 20 to 21 4 3 21 and over 4 7 "The above figures do not in all cases represent the wages actually paid at the present time in some cases the actual wages are higher, and where such is the case the arrangement is not to justify a reduction of the wages for such work. The scale is not to apply to banksmen. Infirm and compensation cases are not included in this agreement. The working hours for those included in this agree- ment. The working hours for those in- cluded in this agreement are to nine hours working shift, exclusive of meal times. In the payment for overtime eight hours shall be calculated as one day. The above hours not to apply in the case of sinking pits, or where tunell- ing is immediately required to reach the seams of coal intended to be worked." The decision of the Lancashire miners to settle is likely to have a far-reaching influence unon the surface workers' agi- tation. It "lessens appreciably the danger of another national strike, and by show- ing that a basis of settlement is possible may be the means of re-opening negotia- tions in other minixw cULqtrict-s for a settlement by mutual arrangement. The settlement secures the further advantage of a minimum) wage for surface-workers, And the future regulation of their wages by the Conciliation Board, which will be of value in avoiding wage disputes in the future. Under the terms of the new agreement the agreed minimum wage for surface workers will be :— Minimum Wage Scale. Age. 8 d 13 to 14 1 4 14 to 15 1 6 15 to 16 1 9 16 to 17 2 0 17 to 18 2 6 18 to 19 2 10 19 to 20 3 2 20 to 21 3 9 21 and over 4 1 The executive were authorised by the conference to sign the new wage a.gree- ment on behaJf of the men, subject to proner safeguards respecting the present working hours.

170,000 YORKSHIRE MINERS TO STRIKE. GRAVE OUTLOOK IN YORKSHIRE COALFIELD. I A very serious crisis has arisen in the mining industry again as a result of which it is not improbable that something like half a million men will be thrown idle on the Yorkshire coal- fields in a fortnight's time. Simultaneously, there is a widespread agitation amongst the colliery siirfaco- men for inclusion in the Eight Hours Act and the Minimum Wage Act, and another national strike is threatened if their claims are not conceded. Up to the present the colliery owners, few exceptions, have refused to meet the men in this demand. Taken in conjunction, the two dis- turbances in the industrial peace which the coalfields have enjoyed since the great coal strike of 1912 are extremely disconcerting to the coal trade, which had hoped that the settlement would last at least until the agreement comes up for re-consideration next year. YORKSHIRE GRIEVANCE. At the moment the Yorkshire trouble is the more menacing. The point at issue is whether fivepence or sixpence shall be added to the minimum wage- rates fixed under the Act. The com- plaint of the men is that although the effect of Sir Edward Clarke's award was to give them an advance of six- pence per day, the construction put upon the finding actually reduces their wages by threepence per day. On Monday 170,000 men of the Yorkshire Miners' Association handed in their notices, which, failing a settle- ment, will take effect on April 1. These are underground workers, and their stoppage will affect a whole army of surfacemen and others, bringing the total number affected up to close upon half a million. A LENGTHY STRUGGLE. Both the leaders of the Yorkshire Association and of the Miners' Federa- tion of Great Britain regard a settle- ment as remote. They are preparing for a lengthy strugrle throughout the Yorkshire coalfields, and their associa- tion is in a strong position, for its fighting fund alone approaches £ 300,000. In the event of a strike this would be supplemented by a general levy throughout the country on all members of the Federation. It is hoped that the settlement of the surfacemen's claims on the Lancashire ooalfields will have a pacific effect else- where. Certainly the danger of an- other national strike over this ques- tion must be appreciably lessened; and the agreement between the eoalownere" and the Lancashire Miners' leaders should result in the re-opening of ne- gotiations in South Wales, Northum- berland and Yorkshire. —————— ♦ »»M

TOOK A PIPE DOWN THE MINE. INSPECTOR'S BREACH OF MINING REGULATIONS. The nnusua spectacle of a mines in- spector appearing as the defendant in a case of alleged breach of the Coal Mines Regulations was witnessed at St. Helens, when Mr. George Filling ham, of St. Helens, was summoned for hav- ing a pipe in his possession down the Florida Mine, Bold, on February 3. The Wigan Coal and Iron Company were the prosecutors, and on their be- half it was stated that the defendant was an inspector appointed by the miners at the Florida Mine, the men being given the power to appoint an inspector of that kind by the Act of 1911 to go down and inspect the work- ings underground. The prosecution was not brought in any vindictive spirit, but because they had a hard and fast rule on the point, and because they always impressed upon men the fact that if they just looked through their pockets as they came to the pit the offence would never happen. The Bench said the offence ought not to have been committed, but the case would be dismissed on payment of 6s. costs.

I DEWI SANT. Nodion o araeth a draddodwyd gan y Parch. John Davies, Wern, Ystaly- fera, a.r ddathliad Gwyl Dewi gan YsgoJ Sir, Ystalyfera. Darlun i'r dychymyg, dyhead i'r galon a del fry d i'r meddwl Cvmreig ydyw Dewi Sant heddyw. Er fod vna w mbredd o chwedlau di-sail am droion hynot y sant, ac hyd yn oed vstoriau am ei wyrthiau, mae'n amlwg ddigon fod yna elfen o wirionedd yn hanes Dewi Sant, ac fod yr elfen hono wedi tyfu lawer yng ngwres cariad, edmvg- edd, ac arwr-addoliad y gorphenol peH; a hwyrach fod yna rywbeth cyfrin gan yr oes y ganed Dewi yrddi i wneud a ( h roun d y sant, fel ag v mae vna ryw- ehreuad y sant, fol ag y mae yna ryw- beth cyfrin vn ein lioes ni-rhyw ysbryd deffro i fynwesu pethau Cym. reig-yspryd gwneud y goreu i'r cy* ff Cvmreig, ac yspryd i dvnu a] lan v goreu or Cymreig. Buddiol er deaU v dirge-lweh hwn fyddai cofio fod gan bob oes ei hyspryd. Daw yr oes fel ermig i ddal yspryd, fel ag y mae corff dynol yn ermig i ddal yspryd dyn. Yr oedd Dewi Sant yn byw mewn cyfnod a clwir gan Haneswyr yn oes y Seintiau, h.y., tua'r chweehed ganrif. vPa awr, pa. ddydd, pa fis, neu pa flwyddyn y ganed ef, ni wyddom yn sicr, er fod llaWer o ddyfalu. Yn ol Hanes y Seintiau Prydeinig gan Fisher a Baring Gould, ganwyd Dewi cvn di- wedd y burned ganrif, ac iddo farw cyn diwedd y chweched ganrif; ond vn ol Bradley, yn y Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol Genedlaethol, y flwyddvn gyntaf o'r seithfed ganrif y bu Dew i farw, ar y dydd cyntaf o fis Mawrth, ac v mae yn dyfynu yr Annans Cambria dros ei ddyddiad. Tolly, os yw Fisher yn gywir parthed adeg ei enedigaeth, ae os yw yr Annales Cambria yn gywir parth- ed ei farwolaeth, mae'n rhaid i ni gredu fod yna. rywbeth yn yr ystori ei fod wedi byw i oedran mawr-tua. chant oed; ac y mae hyny yn oes feithaeh nag oes pechadur yn gyffredin, ac nid yw hyny yn amhosibl i sant, yn byw yn agos i Anian yng ngha,nol awyr iach nefoedd Duw, ac yn arwain bvwvd syml, gan fwyta ffrwythau, bara, llaeth, wyau, a physgod. I ysgol sydd wedi tori marc mewn Medr ae Ymarferiadau Corfforol fel Ysgol Sir Ystalyfera, nid o le fyddai gosod pwysla.is ar y wers hon mewn. .Y vi,ers hon mown. bywyd, sef ar Ddaioni a Syml edd bywyd. Heb fyw'n syml a byw'n dda, fe goLlir yr holl fanteision a ddeillia o ymarfer corff. Felly un wers i'w dysgu ar ddygwyl Dewi ydyw byw yn dda. trwy fyw yn syml. i Fy marn i yw na fyddai neb yn teimlo yn fwy allan o'i le mewn ambell wledd o eiddo Cymrodorion y dyddiau hyn na Dewi Sant ei hun. Wrth ddweud hyn gwyddom fod Dewi Sant yn ei ddydd yn medru troi gyda gorou ei oes, ac yn medru cael, 08 mynai, oreu a brasaf ei oes, oherwydd hanai o hen gyff w-dduol-cyff Cunedda Wledig, a mab ydoedd i Sant Ceyro Ceredigion, Mae'n debyg fod seintiau Cymru yn perfchyn i gyd i wyth o brif deuluoedd y wiad, felly yr eedd yn amhosibl i bawb fod yn east. Yr oedd a fyno gwaedoliaeth i ddechreu bod yn sant. Credai yr hen Gymry fod yn rhaid caal cyff da i fagu sant da. A dyma y wedd ddiweddara.f i gymhwysiad Etifeddeg at Fywyd dynol. Dyma gynwys yr hm a elwir gan y Baia yn Eugenics. *—— Ond gyda. meddu ar Waedoliaetfe neillduol yr oedd Dewi Sant yn meddu ar *Yspryd neillduol, a dyna ydyw y sant heddyw: Yepryd iieillduol-yopryd gwneud ei areu dros Gyraru-yapryd i gwrdd a gofyn ei oes, yspryd i gwrdd a chyfle mawr 41 oes, yspryd i aberthu, i igrou cyfleuafcarau i'w oes i sicrhau goleuni esagach ar fre7d. Yr oedd pob sant yn cynyg at dri pheth yn ar being: (9) Hyifforddi y to ieuainc; (b) Gwaoanacrthu mown peth- au crefyddol i'w lwytix neu ei wlad; (c) Gwneud ei oreu yn erbyn gelynion ei wlad trwy ou melldithio. Ond yr oedd Dewi Sant ya fwy yn ei oes Da'¡: ma.n reolau hyn, ac y mae yn fwy o hyd i bob oes. 1. Yr oedd bywyd Dewi Sant wedi ei lanw a Phwrpaa Koeøol-a dyma. wedi'r cyfan sydd yn rhoddi gwerth ar fywyd—yspryd .'i load o bwrpas moes- ol. Paham y mae oynifer o blant Ilwydd- lanus yn yr l yn methu mewn bywyd? Gwn fod yna esboniad trefa- ldol ar y goUed hon sydd yn ormod o wir i'w wadu; and ni ellir gwadu hefyd fod diffyg asgwrn moesol, neu diffyg pwrpas moesol i tu ol i lawer e diffyg pwrpas moesol y tu ol i lawer o fethiant plant yr ysgolion ar adegau 2. Yspryd a'i lond o Benderfyniad I yn erbyn drygau ei oes oedd yspryd Dewi Sant. Fe gollwyd Cattraeth trwy'r medd, ac y mae llawer brwydr yn cael ei cholli o hyd o ddiffyg pender- fyniad o blaid y Da. 3. Yspryd ,t li lond o Aberth er Hvrwyddo pob daioni i'w wlad oedd yspryd Dewi. Mae Dewi wedi marw er's llawer canrif. ond mae'r Sant yn fyw o hyd. yn tyfu o hyd i gwrdd a gofyn pob oes, yn arwain pob gwelliant o hyd at Dduw, ac yn cadw Cymru o hyd yn deyrngar i Dduw y tadau.

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SURGICAL REPAIR OF NERVES. Surgeons are claiming that they can restore paralysed muscles by the repair and replacement of injured nerves. One hears a good deal of grafting nowadays—and it does not all come from the United States—but "nerve grafting" is comparatively new, and, as a matter of fact, is not attempted, so far as London is concerned, by more than four or five surgeons. According to emment psecialisrte, it is now established that a brain cell may be taught to perform two separate; functions. "Each nerve," says a medical writer, "communicates with a particular set of brain cells, which control its activi- ties. It is a wrong theory that these cells can perform only the function allotted to them by nature." Dr. Edwin Ash, the well-known nerve specialist, who is an authority on brain fag and not on surgical treatment for wounded nerves, made the amusing comment that if the grafting theory was pursued to its logical limit it should be possible to remove the optic nerve, transfer it a eouple of inches in a lateral direction, and the patient i would be able to see with his ear.

(Continued from preceding column). a shareholder in one or the other of these firms." A titter came from the Liberal benches. It last but a second or two. Round swung Mr. Snowden, and ominous silence fell again. "I am sorry for the sudden hilarity of my hon. friends on this side. The share- holders are not confined to the Union- ist mem bers. There were no more party titters. fy "Bishops, to$f fire very well repre- sented." The inscrutable smile was still there. NAMES GIVEN. Then came the exposure—merciless, uncompromising, crushing in its over- whelming completeness. Name after name of Tory and Liberal' members, with the amount of their investments, fell across the wide..eyed, astounded House. There was the "hon. member" with 5,000 shares who during the 1909 scare "asked seven questions in five weeks as to what gun-mountings would be ordered." There was the newly- elected Liberal President of the Free Church Council, with 3,200 shares in one firm and 2,100 shares in another. There was the Liberal member for one of the Shieffield divisions "who figures in practically every one, as be figures in practically every debate in this House when there is a chance of ar- maments expenditure." There were the ministers connected with the Steel Trust. Name and nime and name again. And still the silence hung, and more members crep quietly in to hear this remarkable man who was not afraid. Then came the indictment of the sys- tem whereby ex-service men of high position draw their pensions and then proceed to draw fat salaries from the arma-ments firms with whom they ob- tain appointment. The names came again, and with great gravity he asked "How can one avoid the suspicion, when a high public servant takes his pension and immediately takes his seat on the board of a firm having the clos- est. business associations with the Government, that there, might have been "something before F" OUTBURST OF APPLAUSE. I There came a magnificent peroration which told of how the greatest posses- sion of mankind is peace, of how the workers of the world desire not to fight but to enjoy the fruits of their labour, of the slow but coming dawn of peace. As he sat down, after one of the most remarkable Parliamentary triumphs of recent years, a burst of applause broke out from the thronged Strangers' Gallery-an unprecedented demonstration that was solenced by the attendants. A group of Liberals walked along to Mr. Sriowden's seat to shake his hand and give him their congratulations. A note was passed along the benches from Mr. Winston Churchill. It was the tribute of a great man to one who had proved the I greater. Mr. Snowden bowed his ac- knowledgments and put the note in his pocket.