North Wales Gazette

POETRY. -7- IMPROMPTU. Thermometer at 9t in the Shade. rfni. rear St, Swithin's power is lost, No gentle showers are brewing; '-ri Sinus now who ''rules the roast," And keeps u3, mortals, ".ierIJi!tg," PUR THE N'ORTH TIALzg GAZETTE, j, '/tÙm a wnaed i Mr. Robert Thomas, a. Mrs, •'•it mob Thomas, Aber Cegin, Bangor, noddwyr s/ioleddwyr iieirdd a Barddrietk Gymreig. 5 ;^rwvd'i am rol eroesaw dibrin—y w gwr ■Gor.vyeh Aber Cegin, Vf?wn nawsaidd ddull mwyn, iesin, Btirda eir. hoes ga 'r Byrddau 'a win, .v' yn Nghymru, gu ei gwedd, -sy enwog -,in-ians geinwedd? Y"¡ jpgiawu, o'i dtgçnerld, I F-irdd y wiad fe rydd wiedd: G, CALEDFRYN, 'ar, Ghrph, 25, 1625 -*)&!<&— ON CONTENT, BVA NORTHERN RARD. 'Sav you that have studied mankind, <Ji life, seekingscience, have spent, Li wan,fring, e'er chanced you to find, The goddess yclepped Content ? Fc"- ifthave I anxiously rov'd Ttirough the city, the plain., and the shade, Hiii, all unsuccessful have prov'd. My every research for the maid; Some tell me in courts she resides, r Oiharssay to the hermit she's given, A third -with the swain she resides, Whilst some say, she an exile was driven reason these notions derides, Aud says sheexists but in Heaven, T. W; C. L\ AND GUARDS, OR THE DAY OF PEACE, V; i i-Oh, where are the war-men that frighten'd the world, I what are they after, I wonderT r > 3ep scarce an ensign in Europe unfurl sd, hear not the loud cannon's thunder? > a> vaere '.s the Chieftain that led you to fame, And such long titles in story ? h e P, ■ f -uic;lan (i realty can't think of his name) ver green, aud yet grey in his glory nsrds—Why Eincher tnay smoke 'till all is Blur, And We-idngtca whistle at grand review ri, she duil dj of Peace, and we've nothing to do, 10 smoke P -;I sing songs abcut Waterloo ? J'fcnHs—'What f stern sons of war to live idly in ptace. have no hd of glory to die on 1 u camaj • and conquest for ever to -cease, A iid the lamb he the riate of the Hon* Wh i is the v«uge»ase with, rietory glutted at iast ? Is the tempest of fury abated ? nige-I I gore Wuh the slaughter an-i sacriifce sated ? '<? t:\is — Y»"i, -tlv great Master Robber that startle:! thy brave, SiUfps as as Aber sham does in his grave i tic dull day of peace, and wj; va nothing to do imoke ;i. i :i sing songs A 1, 0 u t iva te r 100 '?v,*r U \nd is the grass green ia that valley of blood ? Are dowers on that sepulchre blowing ? VV • :'p si umbr the brave, (ice-S tha olive-tree bud, the laurels they won fondly growing ? <he minstrci and bard join a less savage lay, VI iy the war-soag be changed to the sonnet I famed B-dgic field may we sing all th day •A if man had not perished tipon it?— ("r H -The d»:eds of the d^ad may be chaustei-' f.H years, T' i ws»k<-n <»ur triumph« as well as our tears P > 'he heroes (hat fell Jeft us nothing to do ki i; to srjK>k> and sing songs about Waterloo F ,) What! i there ao tyrast to hurl from fcis throne ? {. there no proad oppressor mnst r'ed3h! I trio*, pe,.) alotte, spirit of freed ma to cherijU? ¡ •' sere no haughty despot whose fLUt d ■ -V<yuI(i the fetters of slavery rivet' t.iv.: -Joe* liberty lfourish in every land I Where be soldiers of freedom could give, it 1 J i-Hs- -Ye;<, tyranny now from Eurppe must flee, or the of a day 1<11 vr- set the WOT 14 free 'oi! is sll over, we've nothing to do ),1: to and sing soiigs about Waterloo —Then,- «»h ? let us hear the land trumpet no more, I ht" t. her holiday keeping • the spear the soil that it moistened wsih g<>-e. j' ■\iti the he a sickle for reaping; 1\, i nothi'ig to do ? then let soldiers be swains •! -1 aside iay the tinsel and feather; ■ nz to set's away to the plains, eel in the harvest together <■ >;s — A'wnv- awav, tn the vallej^s away; of peace we'll toii all the day. g.. harvest as ia, and we've nothing ill do s -.te ::m:1 singseogs about Waterloo JESSE H,

COMBINATIONS. To the Right ffo*. Robert Peel. M. P. SiH-r-f need lIot point out to you the yast im- portance of the Coinhinatiorj Laws to this great commercial country. I saw with regret the sweep- ing alterations made in them last year and then ventured to predict1 the evils that have actually followed that. rash and ill-digested attempt. It appears that in the present day any plan that sets at defiance, the experience and caution of our an- cestors, is pretty certain to find supporters; and that the -collected wisdom of ages may be over- thrown, to make way for an experiment carrying with it, to superficial observers, the outward ap- pearance of that most mischievous and misapplied term, Liberality j though in reality, wanting in almost every essential point that true experience would suggest, I do not call that liberality, which takes away all those safeguards intended for the protection of one party (and which have proved effectual and beneficial for ages) and places power in the hands of those who are very iikely to abuse it, as far as reason and common sense 1 can foresee nor do I call that sound legislation which attempts to conciliate by this new-fangled Irberality while it endangers the whole fabric on which our prosperity has hitherto stood secure. In legislating between the master and the me- chanic the greatest care must be taken to protect the interests of both. To prevent the masters from tyranising over the men, or exacting by unfair means an extraordinary quantity of labour without a fair and reasonable compensation (which by the bye, in the present times, is all but impossible), and at the same time protecting the master against the ruinous and still more tyranni- cal combinations of the men. Let us see how the case stands at present. There is scarcely a trade in England in which the men have not shewed themselves tyrants of the worst description, dis- obedient to the laws, and blind alike to the inter- ests of themselves, their masters, and their coun- try. They try to exact wages which must inevi- tably lead to ruinous consequences to English goods in foreign markets if not checked. They work where and when they chuse,-driiik Satur- day, Sunday, Monday, and any other day in the week they please. no matter how pressing the ne- cessity to the master to execute the order. Their viciotis caprice lords it over every consideration. They begin a piece of work, leave it, go to the alehouse, and set the master at defiance. Sup- pose he attempts to get this work completed by another less refractory workman, to save himself from absolute loss. woe be to the man who un- dertakes It,-he is intercepted, prevented, per- haps murdered, if he should persist, and the mas- ter's employ stamped foul, and himself excommu- nicated,-for I know of no other word more ex- pressive. I will not state all the regulations which these self-elected legislators have esta- blished to keep their masters in complete subjec- tion they have already been pointed out and can be so again if necessary. SuflSce it to say, that they exceed in oppressive powers, the worst laws, of the worst times, evr enacted by their superiors and they are acted upon with the utmost prompti- tude and rigour. Will it he believed, that, even in the coarse of the preceding month, one hun- dred and twenty Delegates, from different trades in England, met In the metropolis, andafter vari- ous suggestions and resolutions, came decidedly to one, fraught, in my humble opinion, with great danger to the community. It was this, to esta- blish a Newspaper, expressly to watch over and guard, as they please to term it, the Rights qf Mechanics, to ensure the successful circulation of which near one thousand pounds were immediately subscribed and it was immediately decreed that no public-houre in the kingdom shouW) be pa- tronized, or even frequented, by any nsschanic|or labouring man, in which this Paper was not taken In. Now, Sir, considering tha state of organiza- tion, the ample, nay amazing funds, the spirit of watchful deliberation* and the hands to which the power of directing this fermenting mass may be entrusted, can the evil consequences of it bti. un- foreseen or denied ? Through its means, accessi- ble to all in every part of the kingdom, the cha- racter and trade of any master may be grievously injured, nay absolutely ruined, and wittia sort of masonic secrecy, his men may not only withdraw themselves from his employ on any supposed grte- vance, but effectually prevent others from enter- ing into it-comhinations of the most formidable nature maybe suggested, improved upon, matured. and simultaneously acted upon, from one end of the kingdom to the other. And rely upon it, Sir, when those whose duty it should be to execute the lawful commands of their masters, begin thus to watch over, deliberate upon, and aim evil at their superiors; the time is fast approaching when they will obey NO SUPERIORS when masters must either work for themselves, abandon their occupa- tions, or strike out some new mode of freeing them- selves from this object state of thraldom; for no man will subject his peace of mind, his capital, his all, to such a severe trial. Now, Sir. It does appear to me that it would be BO 7erv difficult matter to remedy these evils by a very simple and constitutional mode, without íQ- fringement on the rights of either party. From what source does this power amongst the men to combine unlawfully arise? Is it not from the demand for labour (in our manufacturing dis- I tricts more especially) having encreased to such I an extent that the master has more need of the cjen 5 that in fact there is so much work to do, that the labour of a singie man becomes of coti- seqssooe, and enables hius to dictate to his mas- ter—and, Sir, pray, where is this to stop? With new and most important openings through which our trade and manafa«t«res will force themselves (if daiy protectedjflnto hitherto almost inaccessi- ble and unkown parts of the world, is it too much to sav. that the commerce of Enghsnd is even yet, great a»d astonishing as it ccajjaraUvety m its infancy? if it is not, then the necessity of endea- vouring to do away with Combinations so des- tructive to oar commerce becomes adutyof para- mount consequence because, as the demand for labour encreates. S6 rill the pewer qf doing otis- chief by combination enerease also. The remedy I would venture to suggest is this, 5 would bring in a Bill to oblige every ma.ster manofactorer or tradesman to keep a certain numberof apprentices in proportion to the number of men ia his employ or ar, equal number of girls where women are erne ployed. I will not At present enter more fully into particulars, nor state the exact proportion of apprentices to adults. All minor points would be fit subjects for future discussion. The prin* ciple is now new-it has already been tried with the happiest effects in the most important branch of our country's service. Our Merchants ships are bound by law to carry a cersasn cumber ofap- prentices in proportion to their tonnage. What is the consequence? The gradual and astonish- ingly increased demand for the labour of sailors has been attended with consequences the very Reverse of those in every other trade. We have had no combinations amongst them and for why ? each ship, added to the trade of England bears along with her on her first appearance on that t-lement on which she is destined to mo¥!' (the pride of her own country, and the envy and ad* miration of the world) a proper proportion-of1 juvenile labour-bvxkling plants of British Oak sufficient for the extension of our Commerce or the chastisement of our enemies. Wiial fritist bavp, been the consequences ere this, if this wise law had not been enacted. We might have manufac- tared goods, but where should we have found ships properly manned to have conveyed them to distant ports. Other nations our wonLd-he rivals on-the ocean, have neglected this precaution, and they mil J'eel it to their costs, if I am not greatly mistaken. Let us only follow up this same i principle, and rely upon it, Sir, you will find no necessity to legislate further upon the subject. Encreasing demand will create labour for itself. Masters will have power within themselves, and on any emergency may do at least a part of the work with apprentices, so that alarming combi- nations would be no longer practicable. The funds of these Legislating Committees would no longer allow such departures from their original intention. If arguments were necessary to enforce this plan still more, I could draw them from the conduct of the men who manage these combi- nations. Their great care is to prevent masters from, taking apprentices, and whenever it is ab- solutely necessary. to take them THEMSELVES, with a due regard to the abritlgment oj-number to pre- vent an increased supply oflaboltr. Old men will die, and boys must supply their place in some de. gree; and they carry this practice to such an ex- e tent, that many ra'aste'rs who have shewn a desire to have apprentices, have been openly forbid to do so on pain of excommunication or abandon- ment by their men and whenever a combination is determined upon, the apprentices being appren- ticed to, and consequently under the control of the men, go away with them, thereby leaving the mas- ters helplest indeed. Such, Sir, is the view I take of this most im- portant subject. If it is the means of drawin", the attention of his Majesty's Ministers to all ex- tension of the principle 1 venture to point out, I trust and believe much national good may re- suit from it. London July 9,1S25. F. WILLI A MS. P..S\ — I do not allow that the Social Unions of Seamen in the Tyne, &c. are sufficient to con- tradict the argument on the general good effects throughout the kingdom. MR. O'CONNELL. (Abridged from Cobbetfs Register of Saturday.) THERE was a meeting of the Catholic parishio- ners of the parish of St. Andrew, [Andoen ] the object of which meeting appears to have been to pass a condemnation of the two measures called the ivings. It was merely a meeting of these parishioners. It was held in the parish chapel The parishioners had resolved, that none but parishioners should corne to the meeting • but Mr Q'Connell, preceded by his trusty pioneer Mr° Brie, got into the meeting, or, rather got into the gallery of the chapel, and, by dint of pure assurance, got the greater partof the talk to him- self. This Mr. Bnc, the pioneer, is you will bear in mind, the identical profound politician who sent to Dublin during the last winter those nu- merous paragraphs, coming So thick upon one another, and each rising above the preceding one in positive assurance that the two win«\s were of all things in the world the most wise and just, and that the Catholic Billpxould pass to a certainty. So much for the pioneer. Mr. O'Connell from the gallery began by pouring forth his voluble sarcasms on these plain and honest parishioners; but the main thing was, certain declarations of his with respect to the two wings. The report says that he said, 1 saw that there was a pros- pect of achieving the liberty of Ireland, by means at which, under other circumstances, andifactinsr only upon my own judgment, I should ht\vnshud- dered with horror. But f did not, rest on mv own authority—I was in communication with two pre- lates who are the ornaments 0f Ireland —Dr.' Doyle and Murray. Can I offer a better plea than when I say that 1 did nothing, said itot[iiny, that had not their entire concurrence and sanction (Cheers.) SaJtC wn. At the Catholic meeting at the Corn Exchange, the report says that he said, that the only ]Tie-,I sures that could be laid hold on as a pretext for disunion,, were measures that did not originate with the Catholics at all. but came f,bm persons purporting to be their friends, and thestymeasures were considered to be calculated to serveoT cause; but he (Mr. O'Connell) rvcis non, Cmvince(i that instead oj benefitting, ttieg have injured us and that it is our business henceforth t0 0M,1 emancipation unconnected with these >• • — • — ;He„CTClSedSpeech by say ing, that he was confident that the-wingS had gained nothing for the cause on the contrary he was conviaoed they had injured it." Now, then, let tile put it to your ff00cj g(mse Catholics of Ireland, whether this he a raan you to confide in again. In his letter t0 Chairman of the Catholic Association, dated Lon- don, March 7th, 1684, this same Mr. O'Connell said, that it had been permitted tohim to draw the rough draft of the Catholic Bill. He, slid, that to take away the forty-shilling freeholders, to raise the qualifications to five or ten pounds would add to the Catholic influence in Ireland.- He now calls this a proposition at which heshould have shuddered rdth horror, if he had been acting upon his own judgment only, in his letters to the Association, he represented the wmg9 as ab. solutely necessary to the accomplishment of the measure of emancipation. He now ays, that he is convinced, that the proposing of the wings re- tarded (he might as well have said defeated) the measure of emancipation. But, tne main thingis, that he throws the whole of the blame upon the Catholic Bishops. The moment the wings were mentioned, I sent a, message to him to say, that the Gilly effect that they would have would be to make the rejection of the Emancipation Bill a po- pular decision. In the Register itself, I said, then, what he says now; namely, that,the wings were' not things to bear the body up but to pull it down to the earth, and there to lay it prostrate to be trodden upon. However, the main thing is, as far as regards these recent speechs, the attempt which Mr. O'Connell makes to take shelter under the wings of Doctors Doyle and Murray. He says distinctly [did nothing, suietnothimq. that had not their entire concurrence and sanction." Now, Doctors Doyle and Murray I have no means of appealing tc. but my belief is, that lie had their entire con- currence and sanction fcr nothing that he said or did with regard to these wings. It is next to Jln- possible that he could have had thfs concurrence and sanction. In the first place, the wings were proposed they were arranged and settled and he had been permitted to draw the rough draft of the Bill before those two venerable Prelates ar- j v'ed In London. To say that he had their con-' carrencaand saction for what he said and did, .^ans, to be sure, that they were brotner pro- SrkiMi igired ty tU Government upon these conditions. __fc It is a very disagreeable duty for me to pe- form, to give the true history of Mr. O Connell s conduct in England but a duty it is, and perform it 1 will. Mr. O'Connell had been, at the tune when he came to England, recently prosecuted by Mr. Plunkett, on a charge of criminal and sedi- tious libel.—Mr. O'Connell, when he arrived, found a bill before the Parliament for the extin- guishment of that Association"; a bill which he now calls by every name that is viie, affixing to it every epithet descriptive of injustice and tyranny. He knew that it was a bill suggested by the Irish Government, and he knew, in fat, that Mr. Plunkett m-ssl have been the principal author of the hiloi. Yet, we were, In t very short time, eHn while that" ,At9trl.ne hH! as hs Mothers now call it; at the very time that this bill was passing, we fouiid Mr. O'Connell, all at once, pouring forth his whole soul in praises on this very Mr. Plunkett, and we found him even pledging himself to the people of Ireland, that Mr Plunkett was sincere and indefatigable in their cause. This seemed to be most wonderfuK It was a change so sudden, that it surprised all men. Take then the facts. It was Mr. O'Connell who sought the first interview with Mr. Plunkett That fact is almost enough of itself. While Mr. O'Connell and several other of the Deputies Were sitting under the gallery of the Hotise,of Com- mons. hearing the violent attacks upon the Ca- tholic Association, Mr. Plunkett, quitting his place in the House, came up to Mr. O'Connell, asked him how he did, told him that he had re- ceived a message from him, saying that hewanled io speak with him. Mr. O'Connell answered, that he wanted to see him upon a piece of legal busi- ness oj a private nature.! Strange, that lawyers should have interviews upon their professional business in this sort of way I Strange, that this professional affair should have occurred at this j critical moment However, thus it was. Mr. Plunkett. offered to meet his new friend at the hotel where the lattet- lodged but the latter prefer- ring- Mr. Plunkett's own house, that was the rendezvous fixed on. Now, this was a very strange proceeding. It made some of the Deputies stare. However, see Mr. O'Connell going to the house of Mr. Plun- kett and see him if you can, if you be an Irish Cathciic.and have been accustomed to chant the praises of Mr. O'Connell, his high spirit, his frankness and sincerity see him if you can, creeping into the house of Mr. Plunkett, without feeling your cheeks burn with shame. What passed between these two at that private meeting, nobody but themselves can tell; but it is pretty certain that the conversation of these two singu- larly sincere gentlemen was not confined to that piece of private business, about which the one was so desirous to speak with the other; for, the next day, the very next day I believe it was, Mr. O'Connell went to Mr. Plunkett's house again, and took Lord Killeen, the Chairman of the De- puties; along with him. At this meeting the wings were proposed. Lord Killeen and Mr. O'Connell returned to the Deputation, told the Deputation what had been proposed. Upon some one asking whether they had assented to such pro- positions. Mr. O'Connell answered, Yes upon which Lord Killeen said" Idid not assent," Judge. then, whether Mr. O'Connell did and said nothing without the concurrence of the Ca- tholic bishops, who were not in London at this time, who could not by any possibility have been consulted upon the subject, who could have known nothing at all of the matter, and who never have known, from that day to this, whether the pro- position came in the first place from Mr. Plun- kett, or whether it were a surfenfer of the franchises of,the Irish freeholders and of the in- dependence of the Catholic church, made by Mr. O'Connell himself. One. thing more, and I think the wlirile mystery is explained. Mr. O'Connell, at the time when he called upon the Catholic Association to give no opinion relative to the wings until he returned to Ireland when he called upon them to believe that their old enemies were worthier and better men than their passions allowed them to think when he called upon them to abstain from all at- tacks upon those vyhom they had deemed their enemies, and especially when he told them that Mr. Plunkett, was doing ail that man could do for them, and more. perhaps, than any man ex- cept himself could do Mr O Connell, had. at this very time, as I believe, obtained a patent of precedency in the Courts, in case the Catholic Bill should pass. 'That is to say, a patent from the King, putting him as high as a barrister, as he would have been, if he had never laboured under any disqualification! If this nn true, what more do we want ? Is there any th-ig eise necessary to explain this wonderful mystery? { say that. I be- lieve it to be true and I believe it to be true, because Mr. told me so, and he told me so on .,c the 10th of He toid it trie merely as a circumstance showing the friendly disposition cf the Government. He told it me without any in- junction ofsecresy, and without any the smallest hint of imputation against ivfr. O Connell He seemed to look upon it as a very proper thing and he hoped, 1 dare say, thai equal justice would be done to himself. MANSION House.—O" Saturday a cornfactor was summoned by a baker to appear before the Lord Mayor, to answer for .savingsold five sacks of some injurious compound as wheaten flnur, When the baker applied for the summons, he stated that he helieved the stuff he had purchased as household flour was a mixture oi piaster of Paris, beans, and a very small quanti tyof wheat; and that it was impossible he could sell it to his customers. He had, he added, sent a sample of it to a gentleman of Apothecaries -hall. for analy. zation, and found that it composec of ma- terials which were very unfit for the food of man The factor, attended bv his solicitor, appeared N to answer-the charge. When the case was called on by the Lord Mayor, the complainant was not in the justice-room and after his Loidahip had waited a considerable time, the factor s solicitor stated that his client was ready to prove that the article had been purchased as wheaten flour that the factor was a mere agent in the business ann that the flour had been purchased by sample. The Mayor said, that as the complainant did not appear, heshould not proceed in the case. The factor's solicitor appeared anxious, for the sake of the character of his client, to have the case investigated.1 The Lord Mayor, then having learned that Mr. Clarke, the operator at Apothecaries'-hall, who had analysed the article in question, was in at- tendance, asked that gentleman what sort of ma- terials he had found it composed of? Mr, Clarke replied, that he had ascertained that there was no piaster of Paris or bones, as was apprehended by the baker, in the article. He had, however, found that there was very little Wj ,.RR"at there was a great deal of beans and other things in it, which, although not des- tructive to health, were exceedingly stimulating and unfit for use in bread. He regretted that the most injurious ingredients have frequently been used in making bread. The factor's solicitor urged that his client had sold by sample, and was not responsible, on that ground, for any defect in the article, and that he was ready to produce the person of whom he had purchased it. He also showed by the act, that this complaint coukl not now be entertained at this period, as the time to which it was by the act li- mited had many days ago expired The Lord Mayor, upon reference to the act found that this argument was conclusive, and said that there was no charge against the defendant. Mr. Clarke, in the course of his statement to the Lord Mayor, mentioned that adulteration in flour was carried to a shameful height. He had been engaged incessantly, from the 4th of September till the 28th of February, by'the di- rection of the Lords of the Admiralty, in analya- ing 1,467 sacks of flour, which were lying in warehouses at Hull, and such pernicious stuff he had never seen in tha 'whole course of his ex- perifence (he had been 22 years in Apothecaries'- hali.) He had taken a, sample from each sack, sad fottcd it genaraRy to consist of the most abominable ingredients, and which the stomach neither of man nor beast is fit for digesting. He had sent samples of this hopeful flour (which had, indeed, a very trifling portion of flour in it), to the Lords of the Admiralty, baked, and in several of its processes, and nfrver seeii auy thing more frightful. It was, as a loaf, almost as biack as jet, and to cut it in pieces would require a hatchet. It was of course condemned, and the person who owned it, and who was about to x-i.-i it to Spain or Portugal, was fined in the penalty of cf 10,000. A baker, who was present during the conver- sation on the subject said the floui- was not intend. ed for use. It was allowed by a recent Act of Parliament that wheat should be taken out at bond, and that Hour corresponding in quality should be substituted. The owner of the article in question had substituted the flour objected ia, which was not intended for use, and therefore it should not be mentioned as an argument likely to tell against the bakers. The Lord Mavor asked the baker what it was intended should be done with the adulterated flour, if it was not intended for sale ? The Baker—No doubt it was intended to throw it into the sea. Mr. Clarke said he entertained not the slightest doubt but it was intended for sale in Spain or Portugal; but he was sure that its fate would be that which was just mentioned, and to which alone it ought to be consigned. It was, in fact, a complete poison. The Lord Mayor observed, that of course such stuff could not be sold as flour in Spain or Portu- gal, without being in some degree qualified. Mr. Clarke said a mixture of lfour was generally thrown in but the ground bones and plaster of Paris were extremely deceptious to the eye. al- though instantly detected by the chymist as they would immediately effervesce upon the application of vinegar or other acid, and affect the nose most powerfully. The Lord Mayor was of opinion that the ex- posure of the abominable system of adulteration would produce much benefit to the public, and thanked Mr. Clarke for the very useful informa- tion he had communicated.. Mr. Clarke said he had to state to his Lordship what would no doubt surprise him much, and would be of no little interest as his Lordship was a large tea-dealer. He had lately analysed some souchong tea, and found that there was 25 per cent of lead ore in it.—An the subject is one of vital importance, we add some further information, which Mr. Clarke, the operator at Apothecaries' Hall, has most readily given, with the view of producing a great public benefit. The flour factor, whose adulterate article was seized at Hull, had previously a quantity of wheat in bond and was permitted (as is the custom) by the Com- missioners to take it out and grind it, on condition of returning 196 lbs. of genuine wheaten flour for every ifve bushels of corn. Instead of sub- stituting the pure article, however, he sent in a most, abominable adulteration of beans, buck- wheat, and flour, of the very coarsest description. This compound was not under the King's locks two days when it was suspected to be had, and no time was lost in sending samples to the Cominis- sinners of Customs of the Port of London. Mr. Clarke was then sent by the Lords of the Trea- sury to Hull, to analyse the compound, and he found it to be made of the above-mentioned in- gredients. He had upon several former occasions found in bakers' flour an immense quantity of plaster of Paris, burnt bones, an earthly sub- stance, technically called Derbyshire white, of the most destructive nature, but prepared for the sole use of bakers, confectioners, and pastrv- sole use of bakers, confectioners, and pastrv- cooks. The colour of all those dreadful ingre- dients is beautiful. It resembles that of the very finest fiour, and the article is impossible tobede- tfctedin its unmade-up state without a chemical process. But the compound he had examined at Hull, it, was em,neous to say, contained piaster of Paris, or bones. The stuff was condemned, and the pemlty of j?i0,000. affixed so that the I loss sustained by the owner must be from ^13,000. to £ 14,000, I Th Lord Mayor said that the public sretned to labour under a delusion, in supposing that aluill was an ingredient tp be so much apprehend- ed in bread. Mi-. Clarke said the delusion was most gross. Alum he considered not at all injurious in the quantities in which it is used by the bakers,— They knew well that they mixed up other things which were destructive; and those who consider- ed it a high crime for a baker to have a pound of aluru on his premises, overlooked the sacks of I abomination which the alum in fact, was rather calculated to render l.ss noxious. In the course of the conversation, it was stated that flour mer- chants vve<e in the habit, it was believed, of substitiuing the adulterated flour in order to de- frand Government, and of throwing it, when it ¡ was too bad for sale, into the sea. In most in stances, it was however, admitted, that they dis- posed of i1 on tne Continent, where it was sure' to generate tieftn'c.,IVe complaints. We have learned from Mi a,*e, that confectioners use an enormous quantity of Uerby3 hire white, burnt bones, and other calcareous matter, and with com- plete impunity too, as ey are a sort of ad libitum dealers, and can ventuie by cate^jf^ eve with beautiful colours, and the palate with sweet tastes to adulterate infinitely more than the baker tastes to adulterate infinitely more than the baker can. A poor woman, who keep's shop in the Borough, called upon seeing the account of what took place at the Mansion-house, with samples of floui- which she said she had bought at 68s. the sack, a price at which the best flour can be ob.. Pitied. She complained that in the baking it turned almost black, and she had lost twenty-two customers by it; she was refused redress, and "vas linahle to pay for the flour, on account of the badness of it. U pon examination Mr. Clarke found that the article was horribly adulterated, and he advised the poor woman not only not to Pay a farthing for the stuff, but to make a com- plhint before a magistrate in the Borough, who would no doubt redress her.-Mr Clarke says the public ought to be most particularly on their guard in their use of confectionary, es the con- fectioners used not only what we stated above but the following poisons in great abundance— Chromate of lead, copper, verdigris, iron, rose pink, vermillion 'and powder blue, He informs us that the adulteration by beans and pease may be detected by mixing a little of the article to be put to the. test with water and a small quantity of ammonia. The bans will turn brown, and the pease yellow, while the flour mixed with those ingredients remains white. But ammonia will not detect adulteration by burnt bones, or plaster of Paris, or Derbyshire white, or calcareous sub- stances. A small quantity of diluted sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) will discover ad alteration of all those kinds, with the exception of that by plaster of Paris. Aluui, e says, is used by the bakers only when the yeast is very bad, and it is used in very small quantities, merely lib. to 8 bushels of flour, and can do no harm. If the informer would seize the flour, instead of malt, heti he would do a real pubhc service. I FORTY DAYS RAIN AFTER SAINT SWITHIN." Now, if on St. Swithin's feast the welkin tours, And every penthouse streams with hasty showers, 'Twice twenty days shall clouds theIr fleeces drain, And wash the pavement with incessant rain. Let no such vulgar tales debase thy mind Nor Paul nor rule the clouds and wind.—Gay* 1 The tradition, it seems, took its origin froa the [ following circumstances. Swithin, or Switium, Sishop of Winchester, u, was usual with ither Bishops. This request was complied with but tha monks, on his being canonized, aonsideriig it disgraceful for the Saint to be in a public cemtery resolved to remove hia body into the choir, tfuch ) was to have been dons with solemn procesion, j on the lthof J'Jly; it rained, however, iOv; lantly for 40 days together at this season, tb-itfte ] design was abandoned. Now, without entcing 1010 the case of the Bishop, who was probady a man of sense, and wished to set an exampUof a more humbie mode of resigning the perislable clay to the destructive elements, I may dbsrve, that the fact of the hindrance of the ceremoy by this cause related, is sufficiently authenticatd by j tradition, and the tradition is so faT valuabf, as | it proves that the summers in this Boathernpart of our island were subject, a thousand yearsn^o, to occasional heavy rains, in the same way*; present,