North Wales Gazette

GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. MR. WALpote, in his MS Journal, says,— \S hile I was at Cos, I took a boat,and went 10 see,what I supposed,to be (he ruins of Myn- dus, where among other interesting remains, is a long jettee ot stones, parallel to each other, and principally of thirteen feet in length, connecting- the island to the main land. On the left hand side of the harbour, as yon enter from Cos, upon a platform, is a ruined wall, or sort of quay was formed round this port, as may be inferred from the stone work. Beyond the fluted columns are vaults of mo- dern date, and vestiges of buildings. Passing eastward, you come to the Theatre, facing the south west, with thirty-six rows of seats marble; part of the proscenium, two vaults, opposite to each other, and in the aerea of the then-ire the tnuUlaled statue of a woman in drapery the head of this has been taken to a neighbouring village, to be hollowed for a mortar. On the level summit of, tile hill ovel- the I hcafre; arc the-remains of a temple; the ground is covered with fragments of while marble columns, with Ionic capitals, I mea- sured one of coltiiiiiis, it as india m el n three feet and a fe-alf. The Cnidians had, iic-* cording to Pausanias, many temples of Venus, at-d we may conjecture this to have been the site of one. There are extensive foundations lying to the east of the theatre and teallile,- The use of reeds for writing prevails now, as formerly, all over the East, and they are pre- pared, as in autient times. A poor shopkeep- er at Cos possessed scver:tl curious old books; we found him reading the Odyssey of Homer, in manuscript, fairly written upon paper, with interlineary columns, and a commentary ii) the margin. lie had also MS volumes, in rhetoric, poetry, historv, theology, but he would not "pa-rt with any of them. lie that some of them were copies of originals in the Itbraiy at Patmos, amongst these I ob- served the.Apocalypsie wiih a commentt»ry." I -po.

AGRICULTURE. The'.tulusl y ol the inhabitants of-any conn j try is known from the appearanra which if j exhibits to the traveller. There is 'hardly any j district naturally so barren, which'a laboriouss j and intelligent people will not, in a,course of i years, render more productive of grass and j corn. In some itreiances ibis melioration of j the soil is more easily accomplished in others j it requires more labour, more lime, and more j expellce. Where lhcdilllalc is genial, and 1 the soil rich, man has less lo do; but whereij nature hath'-withheld these advantages, task of reclaiming the so-j from its natural sterility, imposes upon ihe inhabitants a train of more arduous, in providing for them- selves and for tiieir families, the means uf subsistence. A varieiy or should he duly weighed such as -the habits of the farmers, the treatment they meet with from the pro- prietors, their poverty or affluence, their op- portunities of receiving agricultural instruc- lion Ihe state of their lands, II) hein; inclos- ed or open; the nature of the climate under which they live; 'their distance from stimulat- ing manures, and h'o<n markets and also the condition of iheir roads. In our forlorn dis- tricts, where the people have no assistance, improvements of every kind are wry far be- hind., and the appearance of the couiltry very disgusting lo a person ot any Seeling, who lakes an interest in the situation' of their fellow- creatures. The soil of Wales may fie rendered hy the j exertions of its inhabitant?, productive of human food, to a degree ai present mi known and thai increase «f*subsistence will encourage an increase of population ill the same propor- lion; and the useful labor orthatincrcuscd jl population will IIHJsL assuredly-iutgment ihe national revenue, no less than the national; strength. The example of proprietors who are suc- cessful improvers, will in due limebe followed bv the tenantry in all cases iiultistry' is the parent of wealth; the prosperity of a nation depends on the labour of the and the number of those who are usefully em- ployed the landed property is nearly allied io a raw materia-! in lite hands of a manufac- turer, which being a dead s:ock. requires another stock 10 put it in motion, before it can be brought io ils ultimate value; hence, the necessity and importance of agriculture": the knowledge of Agriculture is more speedily and illOre safely practised, when obtained bv example, and learned by experience, than by theoretical reasoning upon abstract principles*. In the Principality a very great proportion of the surface is covered with heath Some persons are of opinion that 30 parts out of 40 are c I iii with this russet hue. It is, however, a pleasant reflection, that the dimension ol the heath is daily losing ground by the pro- gress of ngricnllure, and the industry of the inhabitants. One might infer from the gcne- ral the the whole country would abound with this barren plant. Healh grows always on laud which is naturally p()yr and although such a soil be brought into cuU tivatioii, it will nevertheless have a tendency" whellllegreted, to resume its former cover- ing. The industry of mankind will banish bealli. and introduce verdure, almost upon, every spot; btit i;f the men arc removed, no species oi cattle, not even sheep are able to prevent the heath from regaiuiiig its posses- j "I JI. tion. Till is the soil in which it delights; 1 sand is too weak to carry a plant which re- I quires so much nourishment; and deep moss I is too much overcharged with moisture to render it vigorous. There is indeed a stra turn of moss on the surface of land where heath abounds; but this stratum is thin, is formed by the leaves and other deciduous parts of the heath ilself, in the course of ages and has uniformly a body of till, more or less barren for a subsoil. The region peculiar to heath, and the altitude at which it grows is not great, considering the frequency of its appearancein northern latitudes. While the warm valley on the one hand, which enjoys the fertilizing influence of a placid stream, and of a power fill sun. is too rich a soil for this plant, the higher summit of the mountain is on the other hand too cold, too barren, and too much ex- I)ose(l,to be a favorite soil -or ciiiiiate for heath. Fungous moss, the most barren of all plants, and the least capable of affording nourish- ment to cattle, occupies these summits. The heath grows mid way up hill, while the skirts and the valleys below are destined for grass and corn. Thus the very covering given to the mountains demonstrate the benignity of Providence: what is nearest l-o the habitation of itiaii is best adapted to his support; wliat is nearest and most accessible to his cattle, af- fords them most nourishment; and the least productive part of his ground is removed to the greatest distance. The condition of the houses i i which farmers and their cattle are lodged, uniformly indicate the state of a coun- try in respect of improvement. Many are the symptoms, of which this is one, how far a landlord and his tenants understand or neglect their own interest. Where a stranger ob- serves mean, dirty, inconvenient houses upon any estate, he concludes, without further en- quiry, that the possessors of these houses are poor, spiritless, and indolent, and what is worst of all, perhaps oppressed. Where on the other hand the dwellings of the ordinary farmers are snug, comfortable and clean, this is a proof that the people both desire and de- serve to be properly lodged, and that the landlord has such a degree of humanity., that lie wishes to see his people happy, as well as himself. There is hardly an instance in which this conclusion is not drawn, and there is hardly all insfance in which it is not just- The houses of the tenantry in any country afford to travellers one subject of conversation on their journey, and constitute a leading article of their UCVTS to their friends after Iheir ar- rival it liolfzc. Who would incline in These circumstances to be held up as an object of derision or reproach at the distance of some huudred miles? Who would incline to be stigmatized at any distance, great or small ? The farm houses built foi the wealthier, sorts of teirants in Wales, are well constructed and subslallliallv built. Those of the poorer tenants are in most places mean beyond de- scription. The huts of the Indians bordering on the Jakes of the St. Lawrence, cannot be worse in point of structure and accommoda lion. These mean houses are by far too nu- merous on all the farms where ihey prevail.— The inhabitants are too poor for the most part lo build them properly, and therefore mukl increase the number to provide accom- iiic).,I;ttioii, corresponding to the circumstances of a stormy climate and it would seem that the landlord cares nothing about the matter; h':s only object being to gratify the cravings r., el of iuxory, and to secure his rent. May not Site foliages of the poor be made comfortable and commodious; more conducive to health atti! "cleanliness, and more analogous to the progress of society in this country? While the higher ranks of the tenantry are better lodged than formerly, the lower ranks might be expected to advance a -little of lc- commodation- CYMRO. -8"

REPORT -Of the National Faccine Establishment. [Continued from our last.] {I At the Havannah, by the account written by Dr. Thomas Homey, Secretary to the Committee of Vaccination, 13,447 persons' were vaccinated in 1810 9,315 of these per- sons had been vaccinated in the City of Ha- vannsh alone, with so good an effect, that ?for two years not a single person had been in lerred in the public burying ground of that City who died of the Small l'ox, which before ""was a great, cause of mortality in it. In the Carraccas, and in Spanish America, the Small P(.x has been extinguished by Vac- cinal ion. For the means which were taken hy the Spanish Goverement, and its subjects, ilitist. refer to the subjoined papers, fur nislied by some Spanish gentlemen now in London. The accounts from various parts of Europe are almost as favourable, in the Report of last year it was observed, that the Small Pox was extinguished at Milan, and at Vienna, m which latter place for many years the average -iuortality from it had amounted to 800. From Malta information has been received, that not only His Majesty's Ships are supplied with Lymph to vaccinate such sailors as may not have had the Small Pox, but that thechilf ren of the Artificers of the Dock-yai-A, and nearly 3.000 Maltese Children, have been vac- cinated by the Institution there (gratis:) and it is added by Mr. Allen, the Surgeon of the Dock-yard, that during a residence of seven years at Malta, he has never known an in- stance of any one of them being afterwards -aSicted with the Small Pox. Russia has likewise participated in the he. nefit of Vaccination. It was introduced into the Russian Empire in 1804;; and since that time, in its various provinces,. 1,235,637 have been vaccinated and so uniformly successful has Vaccination been, that it is termed, in the Language of that Country, the Pock or Surely. — Dr. Crieghton, Physician to the Em- peror of all the Russias, to whom we are in- debted for the accurate table subjoined, oh serves, supposing (according to a well-founded rule of cakulation) that before the inlroduc iiou of Vaecinalioll every seveulh child died annually of the Small Pox, Vaccination has saved the lives, in the Russian Empire, of 376,519 Children, since the year 1-804. The-Government of France appears to have lakcnthe greatest pains to secure to the people alllhe advantages which could ba derived from this discovery. A Central Institution was soon established at Paris, to encourage and to pro- mote the practice of Vaccination, and a simi- lar plan for the same purpose was adopted in every considerable provincial town. These Provincial Institutions were not long ago or- dered to make a return to the Government, of the state of Vaccination in their several dis- t riets. From these documents a Report has been drawn up by Mr. Berthollet, Perce and Halle, Philosophers of the first reputation, and submitted to the class of Physical Sciences of the Imperial Institute in which it is af. firmed, that of 2,671,662 subjects, properly vaccinated in France, only seven cases appear of pa .ienls having afterwards taken the Small Pox which is as 1 to 381,666. It is added, that the weil-anlhenticated instances of per- sons taking the Small Pox after inoculation for that disease had pcrfccttysucccedud, are proportionality far more numerous and also that in Geneva, Gouen, and several other large cities, where the Jennerian System has not been circumscribed by popular prejudice, ,the Small Pox is no tonger known and the Registers exhibit strong ev idenceof consequent increasing population. The Report concludes wilh expressing great hopes lhat this pestilen- tial -disorder will ultimately disappear from Society. This object will doubUess be greatlv for- warded by the line of conihtN adopted hy the Royal College of Surgeons in London; in which city, notwithstanding the artifices prac- tised, and the falsehoods* even propagated to -discredit Vaccination, it is cven now gaining ground. The Royal College of Surgeons have resolved not to inoculate with variolous mat- ter. The College of Surgeons of Dublin have 6 1 formed the same resolution. In Gloucester- shire sixty-three Surgeons, convinced of the pernicious tendency of inoculation to support and propagate the Small Pox, associated, and pledged themselves to decline the prac- tices if iL The National vaccine Establishment have "recommended the imitation of such examples to tire members of the profession in every part -of these dominions, and they have no doubt (but that the good effects of such advice will "soon appear, in the dllnilllshed mortality and the increased population, of the country. It may be proper to add, that the Susgeons at nine stations of this Metropolis reported to fUS on the L41h of last January, that they had no complaint of any Person vaccinated by them having afterwards had the Small Pox. The Board have again the pleasure of stating, that the money granted by Parlia- iiieiit lJijrlii, the last !)"is I)Celi sii',Iicleiit' 10 defray the expenses of the year 1812 and ,they are of opinion that the SallJe sum will be adequate to the expenditure of thecurrellt year. FR. MILMAN, President. By Order of the Board, James Hervey, M. D Register. In the hills of mortality for the taat year, ihe death of two persons was said t<> have been occasioned by the Cow Pock, blit, til)(),) investi- gation by the Beard of the National Vaccine Es- tablishment, (hey were fonts J to have died from other causes, and the assertion was proved to be without foundation. -1"

dgricuUure.—The improvements in hus- bandry of J. C. Cur wen, Esq. in Cumberland, are proceeding with the utmost success, and upon a most extensive plan the only matter of question with other improvers being, his inability to keep his drilled lallls clean with. out the aid offaHows. He sow13'oll'l'}rct!wheal of which be bus three varieties. The weight of his fiorin rass, gathered from his own farm, and'planted la-st November, upwards of ei^ht tons per ticre clover, between 10 and I Plons irrigated meadow grass, II tons,— He soils all bis stock, milkers and ail, without any pasture. Covers all his manure heaps with soil or compost, to prevent evaporation. Mr. Curwen is a great advocate for rnta baga, and slacks his common turnips, thereby secur- ing them from injury by frost, and cultivates Mangel Wurzel with great success, obtaining 50 tons per acre., lie is decidedly of opinion with Mr. Coke and the Duke of Bedford, of the advantage fo the landed itijerest., of grant- ing leases of sufficient length to the tenantry. On Ihe antiquity of engraving. — Engraving is an art thatwaspractMt-dinthemost remote "Iles of' tile Nvoi,id.-Iii Genesis, cb. 88, it is related, that Tiimar demanded the signet of J-udali and abovett.rec thousand years have passed since the great law-giver of the Jews was directed to engrave the names of the children of Israel upon onyx sloncs" like the engravings of a signet," that is to say, (if we may presume to illustrate a text so sacred, with reference to a custom still universally extant) by a series of monograms graven as intaglios, 10 be set in oncll_es of goltl, for the shoulders of the ephod." That the signet was ot stone,set in metal 111 the time of Moses, is also dear. from this passage in the sacred history with the work of an engraver 111 stone, iike the engravings of a signet, shall thou engrave I he two strnies thou shall make them lobe set in ouches of gold." The most ilnlient inlaglios in Egypt were graven upon stones, having the form of'Scarabuei. The people on the isle of Cyprus find many ring stones. One, a beautiful.intaglio, represent- ing Cupid whipping a butterfly a common method among theantienl tapidaries of typi- fying Lhe. power onove over the soul. Also an onyx now in possession of an English t ri veller; which there is every reason to believe, from the monogram,one of the Ptolymieshad used as a signet. Alexander, at the point of death, gave his signet to Perdicas. The Con- sul from Berytus to Cyprus presented the learned and indefatigabletraveller, Dr. Clarke with a magnificent silver tetradrachm of Tyre, with the inscription 44 of lyte, holy and invio- late it had also a monogram, marking the year when it was struck namely, 183 of the Sducidan sera, "a. .ro A new Coclc-lane, or rather Downing-slrcet Ghost.—Our readers will scarcely believe, that any story so ridiculous as the re-appearance of the Right Honourable William Pitt in fliis sublunary world should have gained credit; yet so it is. A person of the name ol Francis Murray, formerly employed as a constable in taking up French Emigrants, had a demand of 301. on the Treasury for expences. He as- serts, that about eleven months after the pub- lic funeral of Mr. Pitt, Ae met him on horseback, in the London-road, and determined to have his money from hsm. He was quite sure of the person being Mr. Pitt; and after much watching, threatening, and abuse, he actuall1 11 obtained payment of thirty-two pounds from this identical Mr Pitt, although he called him- self Mr. Chapman. And Mr. Murray went on persecuting the dead-and alive Minisler, be- cause he had also promised him a place, until, on Monday, the 9th ult. he was ordered, by a summons from Marlborough-sfreet Office, to find bail to keep the peace to the said Mr. Chapman But he persisted that the said Mr. Chapman was the actual William Pitt, lite, Prime Minister of England he was consider- ed as a madman, and suffered to depart N o vr, t'hat a man should .persist in his mistake, in the hopes of getting a place, particularly after he had obtained 32t. on the strength of it, \'Vel' can easily conceive; but we did not IhiiiMifc possible that a writer could he found Jlnb- licly and seriously to declare his full and seri- ous belief 41 that Mr. Pitt is not dead, but that he pretended to creep into a coffin lu- escape the rude grasp of adverse fortune."— Yet we find the narrative, certificates, and discussion, deliberately put forth in twenty seven columns of" The Englishman's Record^ of Facts," and more evidence is promised in -it future number. Jntiquilies. -TIie remains of a vessel were lately d-iscovered in Ballywillian Bog, about a. mile from Portrush, in the liberties of Cole- rain. From the examination of the size and form of the ribs and boards, it has been con- jectured that she carried at least forty or fifty tnns. Notwithstanding the injuries of time, the outside boards still measure an inch and a quarter in thickness of (hem, however, only small pieces could be discovered. Some of the ribs are eight inches broad, five deep, and seven or eight feet loii-r many of then: ex- ceeded this measurement considerably. Nei- ther keel nor mast could be discovered. I t., is rather to be lamented that she was torn up, and carried off before her situation could be exactly investigated. The timber is all of oak, several car loads of it were drawn away. She was found in a mount, about forty-feet in diameter, composed of stones and clay, but chiefly of muss, about fifteen perches from the shore of the hog; the bog has been all cut away around this mount: it is about six or eight feet in height. Several bones have been found in it, to what species of animal they belong ed cannot be ascertained t the air speed-ly dissolves them. Some silver coinshavo- been found 111 it, the letters cannot he dis- tinctly discerned ;-from comparison, how- ever, the date of one of them mijgfeii pro hahly be ascertained hence live age of the vessel, and the purposes for which she wasemployed, may also be discovered. In the mean time,, nothing but conjecture can be said on this subject. Some are of opinion that, at a very distant period, there was a communication be- tween this bog and the sea. Th sseems to be ■ improbable, as the bog is elevated more thaiii 40 feet above the level of the sea. At the-" same time, it must be observed, the sea has been retrealin; for many centuries in the neighbourhood of Portrush, as well as in many other places in the North of Ireland, it couhi. be established, on tolerable anthority, that the lands of (Rougher, Crocknamack, Kerna- hawn, and Maghremena, were formerly co- vered with sea water; and that the hill upon. which Portrush stands, was surrounded, like, the Skerries, with water. Though ail this should be admitted, it wotild not be sufficient to establish a communication between the place where this vessel was found and the sea. Every circumstance considered, it is likely that. the place where the bog now stands, was once- a lake, and that the vessel was used thereon, as a place of safely during the time of inva- sions, or while hostile feuds prevailed betweeir contending Chieftains. We are convinced that the inhabitants of Ireland were recluced to the disagreeable necessity of making cave* to answer these purposes, whilst the Danes and Normans ravaged the Northern coasts.— We have seen ashes, to a very considerable quantity, cist out of these caves, in which vertebrae were found, that seemed to belong to the human spine. — Belfast Vews l etter.

TIDE TAP-tt fOR THE ENSUING TVEllK. g fe Q »-S g H LAVAN SANUS' ? M f •<! a £ ""« S — £ <2 Maybe crossed 3 2 "v J» J E SE » J » £ 5 W w hottrS after hiSh jj H ci » P" pa iv&t&r and cotiti» -"Jg^e S ■< K b B: « 2 n-aier, una conn w ea ft o « ao J nue safe 4 hours. TT&r-ll^h TTTJa /7i^ Jirpi lu^h /7o/Wavs Tfgfsr Water Water Water Water Watsj^l SEPTEMBER. H. M. H. M. H. M. Tl. M. | H. N. I H. M. Thursday..9 5 54 6 54 7 34 8 24 I 8 44 I 9 24 Friday, 10 6 42 7 42 8 22 9 12 i 9 32 llO 12 Saturday .II 7 30 8 3 0 9 10 10 0 10 20 11 0 Sunday .12 1 8 18 9 IS 9 58 10 48 11 8)11 48 IS'tftS.af. Trin. Monday* .13 9 6 10 6 10 46 II 36 II 56 12 36 Tuesday 14 9 54 10 54 II 34 12 24 12 44 | 1 24 Wedneday.15 10 4S | 11 42 12 22 1 12 1 32 j 2 12 Ii ¡_m. BANGOR: Printed and Published by J. Broster. Orders, for this paper, are received in London. I Newton & Co. (late Tayler & Newton,) 5, War- wick-square—and J. Wllte, 33, Fleet-street,