North Wales Gazette

ON THE B \TTLE OF VTTTORt A, Fought on the 21 si of June, (lhe longest day.) Protected by the Shades of Night, How oft have Frenchmen run away; But Wellington, to make them fight, Attack'd them on the longest day

To the Editor of the Worth fVales Gazette. SIR, YOCR papers on Farming have excised nrrong I/g a strong desire of improvemenf. They have given birth to new ideas upon sub jecfs that have but little engaged our attention before-I need not say with what avidity we expect v(ptir P"ti),-r, aq we are sure to find some treatises upon agricultural subjects that lead liS to make eXIIPrimenls. When this feeling is once gone ahroad, it is astonishing how rapij we adopt nwasmes that have hitherto been confined to more favourable counties, where n stronger spirit of improvement and greater liberality have existed among the country gentlemen One great impediment to I he introduction of agricultural implements ,lie ci-oss roatl. (iiit i" have in onr neighbourhood, which much checks our communication with each other. I hope y,)ii will consider these hints, and con- tinue to devote some of your columns to agri- cultural subjects. Ll,tnd, itto. AM UPLAND FARMER. "f

To the Editor of the v oi-th IVales Gazette. 1 R. I believe 1 concluded my last letter with 11, word-, viz- hat it it be worth while to l) *s!oi» any culture at all upon land, it must be more so to bestow that which is good." Now it has been asserted, that by the year 1820, the rental of this kingdom might be doubled The question naturally arising from this assertion is,—by w!>at means ? Surely not by encreasmg Ihe price of produce winch never was known so high ? No, but by eu creasing l.tie produce itself, and by decreasing the expences b\ which that produce is raised The next question is, how is all this to be accomplished ? The answer is ohvious-by an improved system of husbandry I Your readers, Sir, as well is myself, are no doubt too well aware «»f 1 he fallacy of this sort of calculation to give full credit to so bold an assertion nor will the limits of H letter allow much argument in its favour—but a few fi gores will not occupy nlllch rooltl. I ad III my last, thaI H al¡unnecessary ex pellce by the tenant iIC ill the end so milch de ducted from his laudiord." This is also too obvious. II is nol the estate that pays the rent, bur the labour on that estate and farm- iog- iike all other trades or occupations in which a capital is employed, only admits of a certain average profit per cent, on that capi tal. To this the farmer looks when he takes his farm. If therefore he keeps two horses and one man upon that farm, more than he would be required to do upon an improved gyslem. evidently, the annual expense of those two horses and one man, being so milch added t, to his outgoing* is I)y so milch les" thall ha could otherwise afford to give his landlord for his farm. ftow let us see how far this branch of eco- rjomv would extend upon a general scale.- The present annual rental of cultivated land in s stated to be forty millions ster- I)i-id(t these into farms of 200/. per ann. and you have 200,000 farms. Deduct two horses from each farm, and you have 400,000 iiiiiecessary 351 e,,t(-h per ann. (too little including wear and tear, interest of money, taxes, &c ) 35><—400,000 give 14.000,000. or fourteen millions sterling. So much tor animal labour. Now fir human. One mall upon a farm, or 200.000 men at 35f. per ann. gives half the above sum, or seven millions sterling. Here then by economy alone.- e have an addition to the old rental of twenty-one millions, or upwards of one half. In this will b ill- luded economy in mechanical operations such as thrasr.ing by machine, hoeijig, &c. &c. For the other half, we must look to encrease of produce, and saving ofseed by the improved system but how far it will t-ffecttlie pus pose, 1 leaveyour readers to determine for themse:ves One remark, however, I will venture to add, viz t hat larid ranno., pi-oduce weed-i and ciii-n what feeds Ihe one must rub theo,)Ilier and when I look out of niy window and, see fields of corn which I now do. lookmg more like fields .of turnips in full flower (from the curlock weed weed with whicn they abound) I am the more inclined to admit Ihe feasibility of- the asser tiou. Of this, however, 1 -im well convinced, thai should the principality ever halle the opportunity given, it, it will Irom the natural gratefulness of lis soil, more than contribute ih quota towards ii.* B t when naturc is botitiliftil, iiiaii 14 alit to lie ltid(-Iciit. Oue wllrd more to the landlord. It" upon a given quantity of laud he reduces ten (arms to five, h«* adds to bis rental the expanse of keei)il), five a,iiilics, 1)egidt-.i better tenants winch he is sure to do. S'he humane hi mi would ask what is lo become o? the other five tenants? The tinnucier would answer, lesser evils must not stand in the way of great er A bad farmer in times bordering ut)t)l) liiiiiire I)-.is i) -) I)tisiiiess will) a All other occupations have submitted 10 im pri)vellielit. wly sl)t)iild [,()I I)is ? Let t I)e remembered that he who will not reason is a bi-of ile wlit) cttiiit)t is a fool ,tiid lie wiii, dares not is a slave Men lif this deseriptioll should have asliHle as possible to do with suc i an important branch of political economy. "Temlmra mu. tanhir," and if we do not change with their,, we snail he starved. But wlulsi I co-demn, let me be just. The tenant is not always in fault. Landlords are l'e too oftell great enemies to improvement their absurd predilection for worn out pas tures. and ruillous fallows is no less lo be execrated. Could they be persuaded that the The year before last, I witnessed upon the improved system sixty-four bushels of barley per acre throughout, from twenty-four acres of laiiii, i-i,ilie itift,rior of* the I)riii(til),iiii.y. What proportion that quantity bears to what is grown upon many thousand acres, 1 leave your readers to decide. <6 I more land will produce to the tenani the raore it mllsl be wurth to them that if it is not snffered to produce it cannot give any-thing back to itself; that 100 aacs agreeahlelo the abominable covenant of two crops and a fai low, are cultivated at an expense which under improved husbandry would cultivate nearly double the quantity that the sallie seed and labour necessary to produce a bad crop wilt j produce a gOlld onc-were they 1 say lo con aider these things, they would aba don such errors. As to leases, too much has been said upon, this subject before. The events of the last twenty years, have been a pretty good cure for long ones. He must he a bold man who would eitlwr ive or take one. Short ones are not of much service. A good land lord will not turn out an improving tenant.— X I)a(i laiidlor(i seldon) ,Is otie. In the for el mer case, they have confidence in each other. In the I;ilter it is (itaiiioiid cut diallit)iid," and very fit ii should be so. Now the Welch farmer may say, can I plough with two horses; they are not strong enough?" Let him however try the expert mellt. The Welch horses always excelled the Scotch add lo tins (he generality of land in Waiesis pecuharty ad pied to light imple- ments. Scotland abounds wtlh heavy day; particularly in Ayrshire, where a farmer would just as soon think of yoking his wife to plough as more than lw6 horses. If he doubts this let him go into Hereford- shire and see two oxen abreast ( n such farms as have adopted ihe improved system) plough- ing the strongest clay but if he wishes to be astonished let him go a little further into Gloucestershire and see two horses plough an acre of land in two hours and twenty-eight mi. nutes, in an husband-like manner, which was performed at the Kmgscote ploughing match. The team belonged to Mr. Hay ward, of Be veston. I merely state this, Sir, to shew that I am not speaking out of book and shall conclude with assuring you, that should either ,)f iis live lialf a century to come, we shall be convinced of one truth, viz. that however affairs may go oil in the political world, in the agricultural world, they cannol go on as they have done, AGRICOLA.

To the Editor of the Mo, f h fFales Gazette. „ I DUMBER x. j 1t i riot in partinalar parte that Gildas is j followed by succeeding historians. A verv | 'del le- considerable portion of Ihe Chronicle and l,c- j clesiastical History of Bede is a mere Iran j script from (he History of Tildas, with very j few variations, and, therefore lo attack the J cr(-dibility of the .)iie, is toc!ief;iloii the ,(ttlio- I rity of the other. But, ilihough Bed.* ap- j pears occasionally in the ighl of. a Plagia j rist, jet in the 22nd Chap-. B. 1 whore he j makes large quota!ions fion. it, he expressly | acknowledges thai lie gol his information j f*iolll Cild;is. the oiiiy ;oqfiiice iii which he mentions him by name Quas historic us J eorutn Gildas flebili sernnne describil Can I any stronger proof be inquired to shew, that I this history is reilly ',)lid ([)',I[ the supposition of its b- ing he production of Aid- hem is without the slightest foundation ? Bede It (:all and Aldlielm were contemporaries, and it can not be supposed that tie former would have shade that Ihe groundwork of his History, which he knew to be a fabrication. Several entire chapters are taken from Gildas, but some particular variations made in the ex- tracts shew that Bede was unfavourably in dined towards the Urilons. while at flit- same time they afford ihe most satisfactory proof lhat there really did exist m his time the very history which now passes under the Hame of Gildas. He softens the asperity of his lan- guage when speaking of the Saxons, and omits altogether those parts in which their barba- rities are detailed. A comparison of the 23rd and the following chapters in Gildas, wilh the 15th and the succeeding ones in the first book of Bede's History vuli convince any one of this. On the contrary he applies more de- grading terms when speaking of the Britons. | Thus for instance the following passage from Sictil. agni a hmiollihus, tU deflendi I' cives discerpwnlur," is thus altercd hy Bede, Sirut agni a teris ita miseri cives dissipau tur Again, cruentipreedones is changed in- to infesti pradof* 'and. miserrimi cives, i. c. i Britanni, i!ito valgus. Netiiiiti.,i had the history of Gildas he- fore him in compiling his Hisioriuntula, is very evident by comparing his introduction I to lhat of Gildas, of which it is a striking imitation. Again with respect to Ihe Bri- tish embassy to Rome, m describing the Am- bassadors he uses these words. (urn sab- tone super capita sua," whIch is borrowed from the following words of Gildas,—opertis- que sab lone capitibus. In imitation of him likewise he applies the term Ckiula to the iia vy ofJ. CEesar, aiid corroborates his history so far as to acknowledge the treachery of the Britons to the Romans. NelllJius IJjlOll the whole wishes to itnpres his readers with an un- favourable opinion of the Romans, and throughout the whole there i9 a studied at- tempt to exculpate the Britons. Hence he carefully omits mentioning that the Saxons were invited over by Vorligern, and insuni ales that they came over by chance. To prove the credulity of Nennius, and conse- quently how little he is to he depended upon, I need only refer to theSOih and following chapters, in which he appfars more in the light of a superstitious monk than lhat of a taitliftil litstoriaii. His book abounds with (lie most extravagant tales and absurd Genea logics, probably the production of bis own brain, which Geoiftv-y of Moninoufb found of inestimable service in making them the foundation of his historical Romance. Respecting tile genuineness and authentici- ty of the ihstory of Gilda, I trust I have I proved lhat there cannot he a reiiiiiii- ing. riie ei,i.4tic i,,ic! iijiii,ir at- ter the most diligent perusal of it, to be a 11 vv mere Farrago of calumny. |-j»>vv well found- ed these supposed calumuie* are, will appear by recurrinj; to tfie characters of the Princes of Ills tillie. Gildiis in Ins history in^iiuiatejj lhat the posterity of Ambrosius was much de. generated, al1^ ot this the character of Mor- dred is a convincing example. Those whom he particularly animadverts upon are record ed it, history as guilty «,{ the crimes of which thej are accused by Gildas, except (uneg iase who is not mentioned by any other Historian Malgo, King of Veuedotia, is attacked by Ta;<esiu in terms more severe than he is by Gildas. and C'nttantinus King of Cornwall,' who 8 accused of murdering two intauts at the Altar, is expressly said to have beeu guilty of these crireies «y Matthew of Westminster, L. 11-4. These together with Vortiporin,l King of Demetia and Aur. Ceiiauus King Pcfwisia, who either reigned at the same time, nr followed in rai)id sti,-cessit)ii,aretl)e Princes, whose vices are exposed by Gildas nor can any stronger confirmation be wanting foshew the justice of his rea ctions, than the crimes imputed to sonic of titeitt, parlit-iiiiirly to Malgo, by the generality of Historians. He anticipates the objections thai might be made against him, for the boldness and asperity of his attack He vvis -tirge(I to it bj the magni Hide of their crimes Cumulo malorum compul ms. The conduct of his countrymen was too flagrant for a calm, dispassionate address: He concludes his epistle in a feeling manlier, hy impressing upon the minds of the remaining lew of Ins friends, who withstood the general corruption, the h ipes of an eternal reward, He appears throughout a siretitiotis and zea lous advocate for the pure and uncorrupted doctrines of Christianity, and addresses to his countrymen such passages of the old Testa- ment, where Providence visibly interposes, and where the moral government of the sti- preme being is exerted in the punishment ot the wicked, and the protection of the good. Bangor, J.J.

To tlte Editor of the North Wales Gazette. ON FAMILY PICTURES. It certainly is some evidence of family at- tachment, aud regard to oil.- an cestors aud relations, when we are desirous of perpetuating their memories by having their portraits taken, and extublted "1 their best a ppart uients. But alas Sir. hke slIhllllary honours, they arc very transitory, and the recollection of iheir persons, and (heir benefits lo their descendants are in a fe < years oblite I rated from memory. In many iiistancesshorliy after the friend departs this lite, the picture is removed into a bed chamber, or, perhaps into the garret, which had before occupied the first appartments in the mansion, where it was flattered by their guests,and always viewed with complacency but in the second genera lion f-imily portraits tire neglected, a> d to fill up ihe measure of iheir afflictions, f-hey are thrown out of doors in the most barbarous williotit distinction of rank, age, or *ex and at last are seen dangling on the walls of an auction room, or serve as gazing slocks lie door of a broker-This happened Some { veins ago at Llewenney Hail, when the late Sir Robert Salisbury Cotton sold that fine mansion and estate, winch he inherited Irom the Saiisburies; a fa II: II Y I II a t had 101" 1\1 a II ) centuries possessed the most distinguished honours, and popularity amongst the native I' Chiefs-III order lo extinguish every recollec- tion of past events, tie sold all ihe family pic- furrs fo an auctioneer at Chester, who having I had a good bargain, alld possessin Iwither I attachment to antient worth, inn- any know I Indge of the fine arts, buinping penny- worths to purchasers. There was a tine por- trait of Vandyke, painted by liiiiiseli iii otic î corner In the shade, tvritteii, fpse why says the sagacious cognoscenti "I never heard of a Mr. ipse who was a painter before, he musl have beeu some Welsh Dauber," and sold Ihe picture for a few shillings. The purrliaser knew its value and refused ten guineas for it. Many others, of even greater value were thus disposed of. I also witnessed the disregard paid to an- cestry, some short time ago, at a mallsioll 1\1 our Welsh districts, where the portrait of the grandsire, was sold by Kneller, b) auction for oue shilling, and to this worthy gentleman the present family are indebted lor their opulence. I am almosl induced it)- think, that there are some persons in the world, who rank so high in Iheir own estimation, that they feel a jea lousy if anv other character is obtruded to their notice Uiey indulge the idea of sum solus, which reduces every other person to insignificance in their microscopic eye. The it; tic,,I lice III ti)eli- iviicroS(*()[)IC eye. idea which an liuglish courtier bad, who pos- sessed the highest possible regard to all living monarchs but considered them no better than any other piece of clay when dead is somewhat similar This nobleman had a full length picture of his own Sovereign in the principal room in his house; on his Majesty's death, to save himself Ihe expeuce of a fresh body, he employed a painter fo brush out the face and perriwig, and clap the new King's tiead on his grandfather's shoulders, winch he declared were in the most perfect preserva- tion, and fully able lo wear out three or four such heads as painters usualfy give in these deellerate days But this majestic portrait was taken in ttie robes of royally; whereas. the portraits of persons of an inferior rank are represented in the costume of the age wherein they lived, and which, in these fashionable times have nothing to recommend them. I admit, that it is not possible for a painter, if he does justice to reality, to convey the ideas of wisdom, philanthropy, or any of the caidinai virtues inlothe countenance of some men; hul yet, if whilst they trod this stage of liie, fhey discharged Iheir duties to society, and bequeathed eminent advantages to their descendants, gratitude, and all the finer feelings wi.uild plead in behalf of their re I) I,, I if) it on canvas, and ought to insure respect for their memories. I flatter myself Mr. Printer, lhat if you will permit this to appear in your paper, that! shall obtain a reprieve for some certain family portraits, that are at this time, rather in pre carious cases III some of our old mansions. Vale of Clwyd, 1813. THEMISTOCLES.

-ear THUUGHrS On the accommodation which the lower orders are subject lo in Cathedrals and in most of are sitt,- the Parish Churches in England. The very deficient and limited extent of the accommodation attainable by the lower classes of the community in mallY of our churches, is to be ascribed chiefly to two circumstances.— The tirst is, Ihe increase of Population. Hence ,,e towos, atid in maiiy dis. in many of our large towns, aud in many d is tricts in this country, the churches are ren- dered incapable of receiving the proportion (>f worshippers, which might be reasonably expecled-lo attend. The other is, the distribution of Churches into pews. Pews generally fall into the hands of persons raised, more or less, above the in digent. The poor maa is shut out of the ■ if [ church by his poverty. Some of rhe POOl nay occupy Hie obscure Corners of the church some may stand in the aisles, or map proba- cy obtain the privilege ot a bench. Bui what are these I)etty lielpq ? The poor are reduced lo the alternative of frequenting no plare of Worship, or of uniting themselves with some body of Dissenters. But that those wlit- can, not obtain accommodation into our places of worship should frequent the religious assem- blies of some of our brethren m Christ, ought (o be a subject of thankfulness to ourselves* In the new churches which are built, prov si- on is made tor those who can pay for it but none for the P,)or-,r(, ttiiv i,oiiiiii. of the pre- sent Bisliol) of St. Asaph, wiieu he had the charge of the Diocese of Chester, he refused' to consecrate a new Chapel, unless a sl)tca was leff vacant and free tor the lower class. This conduct was lug-hly laudahle. and more coutd liol be done—Yet but a little would be considered as gained. Small must be the space which a builder would consent, or could afford 110 relinquish, in compasison with the propor- lion of Poor among the increased population. If no remedy he applied, it may reasonably he apprehended that in half a century, the principal pari of the lower classes, will have separated, almost of necessity, from I*Aa- lional Church. e

The Hay Harvest is become g-eneral in Sonth Wales, and the crops are plentiful. I sprit de Corps —A young Officer of the 7fh Hussars, was found I speeches in Hyde" park, a few mornings ago", his horse havinc fallen in a fit of stagger*, and rolled more than once uverhim, so as to endanger his life. Prior to his removal from tlie spot, where several persons had collected, a by- stander express-d his surprise, that an Officer of the 7th should have fallen from his when the young Hussar, unable to move, a- d apparently still insensible, roused himself j.ist sufficient |y, but faiti ly, to utter that it was a lie, for the horse had fallen from him. \wtn/fiing. — Messis John DUlin and Co. bankers, of TNJhV. have offered a reward of £ 100 in the Loudon Gazette, for the appre- hension and conviction of a person calling himself Captain James Sinclair, who, oil the 19ih ult. fraudulentlv obtained from them a bill or draft for e I Oob. It has since heen as- certained thai this man has also assumed the of Morgan and Davis, aud sta.ed hun. sell to be Captain of a trading Vessel from Bristol fo Ireland He is about 23 or 24 years of age, five feel five inches hi^h, rather stout. ruddv face, with dark whiskers, and his hair cut short; he lisfls a litlle, alld has a smile wh n addressing persons.—-We have heen mi- nute in our description in order to put the public, and persons in the principality, on their guard against such a character. Curates' HVL—The Sfipendary ( urates' Bill which was brought into the House of Lords hv Lord Kedesdale, and has nearly passed the House of Commons, will effect an important change for the ad vantage of the poorer clergy, and go fai- to insure the discharge of their official duties in a respectaole manner. Its principal enactments are—that all Curates shall be licensed by the Bishop ;-that the salarv of the Curate of the Incumbent who, neither rt-sideq nor does dtitv, stiall in no case be less than 80/. per ann, or the whole value of the benefice, if the gross value does not amount to 80/ where fhe population amount to 500 persons, Ihe salary not lo be less Ihati loot, or the whole value of the benefice; where 1000 persons, not less than 1501. or the whole value ;-where all Incumaent or Curate serves more than one church (and he may not be licensed to two that are more than five miles asunder ) the Bishop may appoint a sa- lary less by 301. IIer 311n. than Ihe salaries before respectively reported ;—where the po- pulation is 500 persons, and the net vallie of the benefice exceeds ,4001, the Bishop may assign to a Curate resident within the same, a large stipend, noj exceeding by more than 501. per ann. the before respectively required :-no person may serve more than ivvo churches in one day, except hy some special cause to be allowed by the Bishop,and then olllv where he shall reside so as not 10 travel more than 15 miles in one day, and the reasons of the Bishop must he stated in the licelice manner ot benefices, donations, or chapelries, whatever, are embraced in the Act, and Churchwardens may complain lo the Bishop of the diocese, of non-residence, or want of due provision for Curate ;—Act not to extend to existing Incumbents of liviugs, but only it) tiiose who shall become so after its passing. I'IO<

TIDE TABLE FOR THE ENSUING WEEK, Z; TAVANRAN !IS g t ? L •« 3 s:s I s „ d, g & £ 3 S « £ *« neater, and conti- ttcaa-ow B e nue sa/« 4/eowrs. «C ft. o ZI ^i7' | «' I /v Ui*h u*s/l Holidays. • iVafr r i IVatpr I fp aler Water Water { Water J ;ir;Y; flT JT. H~. • M | H MT| 17. M.j H. M. Thursdiv 15 9 6 10 6 10 46 11 S3 II 56 i 12 36 Friday, '16 9 54 10 54 11 34 12 54 12 44 j 1 24 Saturday 17 i 10 42 II 42 12 24 I 12 1 32 j 2 12 Sunday .18 11 30 12 30 i 1 10 2 0 2 20 3 0 5th S. af. Trin. Monday 19 12 18 1 18 1 I 58 2 48 3 9 a 48 Tuesdav 20 1 6 2 0 2 46 3 36 3 56 4 36 Wednesday.21 1 54 | 2 54 | 3 34 4 54 4 44 5 24 J BANGOR: Printed and Published by J. Broster Orders, for this paper, are received in London, Newton & Co. (late Tayler & Newton,) 5, War- wick-sqtiare-aud J. White, 33, Fleet-street.