The Montgomeryshire Express and Radnor Times

LBORWICK'SISS K^iaurc powder^ ■ J^^LJ makes the lightest & most delicious I W( crusts to APPLE TARTS and PIES. |

A CONVENIENT TIME FOR LIMING. Lime should be applied simply to keep the soil in good healthy condition, and it is imma- terial at what point in the rotation it is applied. A convenient time to put it on is before ploughing the clover ley for wheat, but it would do equally well worked in for the roots. Any time of the year is equally effec- tive for arable land, those periods when the land is bare being most convenient, though dressings up to 10 cwt. per acre may be given as top-dressings without injury to young corn. Grass land, often in need of lime, is best dressed between November and February, but small dressings could be given even later. There is this point always to remember with regard to land deficient in lime. No manurial dressing can exercise its full benefit unless the land contains enough lime to keep it in healthy condition for the working of the soil bacteria, and that applications of Hme on such soils, though they may produce little imme- diate effect on the crop to which they are applied, will pay in the increased results from subsequent dressings of manure. The rule for the use of lime should be little and often, it being a great mistake to apply a large dressing and expect it to last for several years.

START PIGS WELL. Large-sized, thrifty pigs are the popular kind to winter. You cannot have size unless you feed for it. The opportune time for making size, frame, bone, and establishing good feeding qualities occurs during the first half of the pig's life. Guard against over-feeding, thus disarrang- ing the digestive organs. Feed all the whole- some food they will eat up clean twice a day. When a pig is off feed without any disease being present, it is safe to give a dose of physic to clean him out. Usually one or two ounces of Epsom salts dissolved in water or milk will produce the desired results. In case of im- paired appetite a tablespoonful each of ground ginger, salt, and cooking soda mixed in the food for two or three days will prove effectual. Growing pigs must have exercise, pure water, and comfortable sleeping quarters free from cold wind and dampness.

Newtown's Opportunity. The following frank, outspoken statement by a Touchill (near Chirbury) man gives Newtown an opportunity of gaining information which will be beneficial to many here. Several years ago," said Mr Richard Embrey, of Tonclaill- near Chirbury. Salop, when speaking of his casa to a representative, I had a severe attack of kidney disease, the pains in my back being particularly bad at night, and often pre- venting me from getting refreshing sleep: in fact, I could scarcely get any rest at all. In the mornings I felt tired and languid. I also had sharp attacks of faintness, often accompanied by chilliness or numbness of limbs. The urinary system was out of order, the kidney secretions being scanty and difficult to pass. My appetite was poor. "I tried various remedies, but in vain. At length I read of Doan's backache kidney pills, and was induced to give them a trial. After taking the pills for four days I began to feel they were deing me good. I persevered with the treatment and soon the pains in my back and the feeling of lassitude left me, my appetite returned, and I began once more to take an interest in things about me. "It is about two years since then and I have had no return of the trouble. I can heartily recommend Doan,s backache kidney pills. (Signed) R. Embrey." Doan's backache kidney pills are two shillings and ninepence per box, or six boxes for thirteen shillings and ninepence. Of all chemists and stores, or post free direct from the Foster- McClellan Co., 8, Wells-street, Oxford-street, London, W. Be sure you get the same kind of pills as Mr Embrey had.

CHOICE OF A BOAR. Size is a point of considerable importance in a boar, but coarseness at any point should be carefully avoided. This characteristic is particularly objectionable when it shows itself in the form of an over-loaded shoulder. A sufficiency of bone to carry the weight of the body is, of course, a prime essential, but too much bone must be avoided, as it is invariably indicative of a tendency to the production of an inferior class of meat. Another point that should be aimed is a fine, silky coat of hair, and plenty of it. Many of the pigs to be met with are sadly deficient in this respect. The possession by a pig of a coat of the correct texture may always be counted upon as an accompaniment of good quality of meat. Pigs which are deficient in hair are usually of too fat a type to command the top price of the market, whereas, on the other hand, pigs which have very strong, bristly hair, are notorious for the production of a coarse quality of meat, which, like that containing too much fat, never brings the top price of the market. In the ordinary course, animals intended for being kept for use as boars are separated from their dams at the same time as other members of the litter. It is possible that by leaving them with their dams some little time longer than the six or seven weeks usually allowed, such animals might benefit somewhat, but experience goes to show that there is really no necessity for such exceptional treatment. Neither is there any great necessity for exceptional treat- ment in the matter of feeding such animals, for the food usually given to pigs kept for bacon- producing purposes will also be found very suitable for animals intended for breeding pur- poses. If anything, such foods err on the side of being too rich, and calculated to put on too much condition. A good food combination for young boars between the time of weaning and the age when they are first put to service- say, eight or ten months-is a mixture of grain foods consisting of crushed oats and maize meal, in the proportion of two to one, given along with potatoes or kitchen scraps, and, whenever I separated milk can be spared, worked into a soft mashewith that liquid. CAUSES OF SCOUR IN SHEEP. Scour in sheep is not always due to excess of nitrogen, but to immature roots containing some principle which is prejudical. When the cake allowance is light suspicion should always be placed on the condition of the roots, though mouldy cake may be the cause. Apart from unripeness in roots, there are other conditions which cause scour, such as decay from mildew, not from frost; or bitter principle from exces- sively caukered roots, whether it be from finger-and-toe or from grub in the skin found m I in the galls caused by the little By Anthomjrlz brassiere. Wherever this is the case the supply of roots should be lessened, and it is better to move the sheep to a sounder crop, but sweet and sound food, whether it be hay, cake, or corn, should be given. The causes of scour are rarely far to seek when the sheep are on roots. The good autumn this year should do much to produce sound roots. Those who have a good supply ot cabbages through autumn rarely get much scour, because cabbages are excellent food. Moreover, swedes are not then so often fed in an immature state. Beans and undecorticated cotton cake are useful to stop scour when it does not come from too much nitrogenous food. It is important in sheep feeding not to give cake in too big lumps, and especially so if there is intestinal trouble. It is always wasteful to give it in big lumps, but when the bowels are in an excited condition the trouble is aggra- vated. Any piece bigger than a bean is an unnatural size for sheep, for a sheep meets with no corn that size in nature, and its digestive organs are not meant to deal with hard sub- stances.

BROWN ■BRONCHIAL! iTROCHESi iS FOR COUGHS & COLDS. M FOR THROAT AFFECTIONS M |||k FOR BRONCHITIS. JR FOR ASTHMA. ETC .c So d e-? v are

CATTLE-FEEDING EXPERIMENTS AT ABERYSTWYTH. The University College of Wales, Aberyst- wyth, have issued a report on experiments with live stock conducted at the College and Counties Farm during the years 1908-9-10, and compiled by Mr C. Bryner Jones, professor of agriculture. The contents are :—The Feeding of Cattle; Water for Cattle; The Feeding of Pigs; An Egg-Laying Test; The deeding of Poultry and a New Test for Tubercolosis in Cattle. Regarding the experiments on the feeding of cattle, the different quantities of concen- trated foods was taken into consideration. The object was to test the relative value for feed- ing purposes of a small allowance of concen trated food as compared with a moderate allow- ance in the daily ration. A set of twelve Herefords and eight Welsh Black three-year- old bullocks was used for the experiment. The cattle were kept in boxes, which they never left during the period of the experiment, ex- cept for the monthly weighing. The boxes r i. i i *• ry 1 J. r r i. i i *• ry __L.L.1- 1 J. r were originally aesigtiea lor uve uatuit-, uuu tur the purpose of experiment each box was divided into two compartments of unequal size. Three Herefords were placed in the larger compart- ment in each case, and two Welsh Blacks in

ADVICE TO MOTHERS."—Are you broken in your rest by a sick child suffering with the pain of cutting teeth ? Go at once to a chemist, and get a bottle of Mas. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP. It produces natural, quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and the little cherub awakes as bright as a button." Contains no Poisonous Ingredient. Of all Chemists. 1/li per bottle.

QUERIES ANSWERED. VERAX -Do not confuse the effect of bad teeth with neuralgia. If you are sure you have neuralgia and that the suffering is not caused by decayed teeth, take a course of Hall's Wine. We know nothing to equal it for driving away neuralgia for good. Every carton gives exact directions. JOHN BULL.—(a) See above reply to "Verax," (b) Your sleeplessness should vanish when the neuralgia is cured. If not, it proves that your brain is not properly nourished by yonr circnl*- tion, or that your entire nervous system is 11 out of gear" or both. In either case a judicious use of Hall's Wine will restore you completely Its action, according to physicians, is both upon the nerves and the blood. NAYLOR.—Thanks for pointing out the London Magazine's" article, Can Man Stand the Strain?" Yes, it does point the moral clearly. The overstrain of modern life threatens to under- mine the race. (We are informed that the writer of the Hall's Wine advertisements had already prepared an advertisements, using this article as his text.")

Neuralgia must not be confused with toothache. But if you have real neu- ralgia, with all its pain and agony, you will secure relief from the first wine- 11 glassful of Hall's Wine, I and a course of it will ban- ish neuralgia completely. The new extra-large size II | bottle is 3/6. ill

ROOTS NOT ENOUGH. Turnips, swedes, or other roots, of them- selves, do little more than keep sheep growing, and in cold weather will not do this; some extra food is needed, especially when the roots are not well matured. Any dry food, provided it is sufficiently tempting to induce sheep to eat it, is good, whether it be hay, pea haulm, or chaff from a mixture which some farms supply, such as pea haulm, cloverseed haulm, oat straw, etc. When the weather becomes very cold, and the roots are frosted, sheep will naturally eat a large quantity of dry food, but they may be induced to eat by making it more tempting. Meals, dessicated grains, malt combs, and fenugreek are all well suited to induce animals to eat more, and, apart from fenugreek, which is merely attractive from its aromatic odour, they add to the feed value. Sheep can be got to eat plain oat straw chaff if it is mixed with some of the above substances, which they cannot separate in the trough. Cakes, unless ground to a meal, can be picked out, as can whole corn. At the same time, cakes are valuable foods-in fact, some think, indispensable.

TRANSPLANTING FRUIT BUSHES. In transplanting bushes which have occupied the same position for several years many may be found with strong tap-roots. The latter should be cut well back, as there is generally plenty of surface fibres, which extend rapidly if a little well-broken manure is spread over them. It is not necessary to confine such fruits to bush form unless, perhaps, it is tne oiacic currant. Both the red and white varieties of the latter may be trained to walls and build- ings in cordon form, and produce heavy crops of fruit. For affording late supplies of red currants there is no better way than having a few trained trees on a north or east wall. In such position gatherings may be prolonged until October, providing the bushes are carefully netted. Beth the gooseberry and currant may be used as dividing lines or screens when trained to strained wire fencing. In such a way they serve a useful purpose, occupy little space, and crop freely, while the ripe fruit is easily gathered or protected from birds. It is not

The Question of Health. The question of health is a matter which is sure to concern us at one time or another, especially when Influenza is so prevalent as it is just now so it is well to know what to take to ward off an attack of this most weakening disease, this epi- demic catarrh or cold of an aggravating kind, to combat it whilst under its baneful influence, and particularly after an attack, for then the system is so lowered as to be liable to the most dangerous of complaints. Gwilym Evans' Quinine Bitters is acknowl- edged by all who have given it a fair trial to be the most specific remedy dealing with Influenza in all its various stages, being a preparation skilfully prepared with Quinine and accompanied with other blood purify- ing and enriching agents, suitable for the liver .digestion, and all those ailments re- quiring tonic strengthening and nerve in- creasing properties. It is invaluable for those suffering from colds, pneumonia, or any serious illness, or prostration caused I by sleeplessness or worry of any kind, when the body has a general feeling of weakness and lassitude. Send for a copy of the pamphlet of testimonials, which carefully read and consider well, then buy a bottle (sold in two sizes, 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d) at your nearest Chemist or Stores. But when purchasing see that the name Gwilym Evans" is on the label, stamp, and bottle, for without which none are genuine. Sole ProprietorsQuinine Bitters Manufactur- ing Company, Limited, Llanelly, South Walea.

CROOKED BREASTS. A very common complaint against many of the dead fowls that are sent to market is that their breastbones are bent, which greatly de- tracts from the appearance, and, consequently, from the value. Crooked breastbones may be encouraged through hereditary tendencies, but more often than not they are due to the chickens perching when too young. To coun- teract the former, the utmost care should be exercised in selecting the breeding stock, all birds with any tendency in that direction being rigidly excluded. To overcome the the second cause is more easy. namely, by not allowing the youngsters to perch till their bones are well set. It is advisable to make them sleep on the floor until they are fourteen to sixteen weeks old. If there is danger from rats a broad shelf should be provided a few inches from the ground. It is the narrow perches that cause the harm, and it must be remembered that when young the chickens' breastbones are merely muscle, and easily put out of shape.

TURKEYS FOR CHRISTMAS. The next few weeks is a very important time in the life of the Christmas turkey, since once the fattening period arrives it is too late then to attempt to increase their size to any consid- erable extent so far as framework is concerned. During the montla or five weeks previous to killing feeding should be in the direction of forming flesh and not bone. At the present time, however, the aim should be to build up a large carcase upon which the flesh may afterwards be laid. A considerably higher price is procurable per pound for large birds as a matter of fact, while not more than 8d or 9d per lb. is obtainable for a 10 lb. bird, as much as Is 3d is frequently secured for one weighing 18 to 20-lb. Turkeys intended for the Christmas market should be given full freedom, for in confine- ment successful results are rarely achieved. On the corn stubbles they do remarkably well, besides which they are able to procure a large proportion of their own food. Every penny that can be saved in this direction is so much extra profit. The birds should be fed three times a day, the mid-day meal being quite a small one. In the morning mash should be provided, and a

HAVE YOU A BAD LEG with wounds that discharge or otherwise, perhaps BO surrounded with inflammation, and swollen that when you press yourfinger on the inflamed part it leaves the impres- sion ? If so, under the skin you have poison that if not extracted you can never recover, but go on suffering tal death releases you. Perhaps your knees are swollen, the joints being: ulcerated the same with the ankles, round which the skin may be discoloured, or there may bo wounds. The disease, if allowed to continue, will deprive you of the power to walk. You may ba-ie attended various hos- pitals and had medioil advice and advised to submit to amputation but do not, for I can cure you. I don't say perhaps, but I will. Because others have failed is no reason I should. Send at once a P.O. or stamps for 2s 6d to ALBERT, 73, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, and you will receive a box of GRASSHOPPER OINTMENT and Pills, which is a sure remedy for the cure of Bad Legs, Housemaid's Knee, Ulcer- ated Joints, Carbuncles, Poisoned Hands, Tumours, Abscesses, Sore Throat, Bronchitis Bunions, and Ringworm. (Copyright.

zC14 FOR AN APPLE. What is claimed to be the biggest apple ever grown in England has been sold in Covent Garden, to Messrs Adams, of Bond-street, W., for £ 14. Its diameter is some t> in., a larger measure- ment than that of many a hot-house melon its circumference is over 16 in., and its weight 27 ozs, Its colour is that of fine gold, and its name is, very rightly, Gloria Mundi. We are still sanguine that one of our corres- pondent at Kerry or Caersws will succeed in bringing to light a specimen of the fruit which brought about the fall of man which will eclipse the above mentioned specimen.

"KEPT" EGGS. By Edward Brown, F.L.S., Hon. Sec. National Poultry Organisation Society. During a visit last month to a local market where there was a good supply of eggs, at first there arose a great sense of satisfaction that farmers are at last beginning to produce more during the season of higher prices, But, knowing something of what takes place at this period of the year, a closer examination became necessary, when it was revealed that whilst there was a fair sprinkling of new laids," or what are so termed in rural districts, the greater part first saw the light of day several weeks ago. They had been kept" for better prices. In some cases the shells were washed and polished to show outwardly the best pos- sible, but in others all the signs of relative an- tiquity were present, and many were stained or dirty. Of those offered for sale, probably not 30 per cent. had been laid within a week; about 40 per cent. were a month or six weeks old the remainder more ancient than that. No wonder, therefore, that prices were low. The eggs were worth no more. Buyers knew that they would have to select these out, and that the stale eggs were in the greater number. I could not help but make unfavourable com- parisons with certain Belgian markets which I visited about a year ago, in which the eggs were clean, bright, and newly laid, and conse- quently prices obtained were much higher. Preservation of eggs under proper conditions can be adopted with advantage, but should be sold for what they really are. "Kept" eggs are a fraud. Every day after an egg is laid its value deteriorates. The object should be to market as rapidly as possible. When producers cattonly get a penny or a penny farthing for eggs at this season, the fault is their own. The remedy is rapid and combined, marketing by co-operative methods.

PEN POINTS. Turkeys can be successfully hatched in incubators and raised in brooders. The egg is manufactured at less cost to the country than almost any other staple food product. Nearly all common vegetables are eagerly eaten by fowls. Green vegetables and roots contain little nutriment as compared with grain-from 78 to 96 per cent. of their bulk being water. At the Duke of Westminster's poultry farm, at Eaton Hall, are about 2.000 head of poultry on the farm, comprising Indian Game, Sussex, buff Orpingtons, and brown Leghorns. They are kept on very practical lines, the Indian Game and Sussex Cross being principally kept for table purposes. The poultry are crammed with a mixture of finely-ground oats, wheat, skim milk and fat. The birds are reared in small orchard paddocks, and are extremely healthy and good laying sorts. Fowls are obliged to throw off much of the waste of the body through the lunga. They do not sweat, but instead breathe several times faster than sweated animals when heated. To keep in good health a hen requires nearly seven times the amount of fresh air in propor- tion to it3 size as does a horse. This is a fact well to keep in mind when planning the winter housing of the flock. See that the fowls are not overcrowded in stuffy houses; or cold will soon appear when they come out into the cold air now the morn- ings are chilly. On the other hand see that the roosts are not draughty, as there is the same danger from cold nights. Remember that roomy houses with plenty of fresh air, but no draughts, are what your birds want to keep healthy.

THE CHOICE OF A CAREER. Mr Henry C. Devine, who recently lectured at Newtown County School on the subject of "future careers for boys," writes us a long letter, most of which describes the aims and obipats of the Future Career Association." He says As the director of this Association,. which was founded to advise parents, guardians,, and school- masters in the selection of suitable careers for their sons and daughters, wards, and papils, I was much interested in your editorial comments in your issue of the 8th inpt. regarding the impor- tant question of boys' careers. The lecture which I recently had the pleasure of delivering at the County School. Newtown, was necessarily more of the nature of a bird's-eye view of the whole world of occupation than a detailed account of bow individual boys might enter upon those particular careers in which they were likely to attain, the greatest success. I am quite at one with you. ia your opinion that parents and teachers should consult together more (as they do in Germany), uegarding the fix- ing of the best vocations for boys. They know, or ought to know, more of the dis- positions, limitations, capacities, and circum- stances of their boys than anyone else. But whilst,, as I remarked, these four factors are the principal ones to be taken into considera- tion in choosing the future of a boy (whether he be tbe son (ôof a labourer or a duke)—a Central Intelligence Bureau regarding all forms of occu- pation at home and abroad is equally necessary, and this is what the Future Career Association professes to be."

tteath Sentence Scene. MURDERER DEFIES THE JUDGE FROM THE DOCK. "7 A remarkable soene accompanied the passing of the death sentence at the Liverpool Assizes when Henry Thompson (54), stoker, was found guilty of the murder of his wife, Mary, on July 3L After a very short retirement the jury found Thompson guilty. According to the ancient formula, he was asked if he had a.nytbing to say why sentence of death should not be passed upon him. No, go ahead with it," he cried in a loud and resonant voice, "I don't care I'm not afraid of death." Henry Thompson," began his lordship. u Yes. my lord." He leaned forward over the dock rail, and with outstretched neck shook his head violently at the judge. "Well, I'm not guilty," he said. Silence," cried an usher. I'll not silence. I'm innocent. Now you can sentence away. Go on with your sentencing," replied Thompson. Sentence of death was then passed. Having heatd it out, Thompson turned and waved his hand to a woman in the court. So long. Mary," he said. Thera came a faint reply. Good-bye, old girl," he cried, and with that plunged down the dock stairs.

The Late Dr. Bannister. At the request of several of our readers, we publish extracts from a recent number of a Mont- rose journal, which give an account of the late Dr Bannister, whose demise we announced a short time ago. Dr Bannister resided for some time in Montgomery, and the qualities referred to by the Rev Hugh Callan at Montrose will find a sym- pathetic appreciation and approval from the many friends the deceased left behind him in our county town. Born at Kingston. Jamaica, just over forty years ago, the deceased was educated at the High School of his birthplace. He afterwards served his time as a chemist, and for three years was manager in an apothecary in Kingston, and during some experiments in chemistiy he sustained the injuries which marked his face. Subsequently he went in for medicine, taking his course with much distinction at Queen'R College, Toronto, Canada, and qualifying as M.D. On coming to this country he acted as locum tenens to several doctors and seven years ago he went to Montrose as assistant to Dr Soutar. With him he remained for fully a year, and over five years ago starting practice on his own account. His happy and genial disposition won for him many friends in the community. As a vocalist and pianist he gave his services in behalf of any deserving object, and in this connection he made himself highly populat with all classes. In Masonic circles he took the deepest interest, being a mem- ber of Lodge St. Peter No. 120, in which at the time of his demise he held the office of Senior Warden. The doctor was never married, but was the sole support of his father and sister, who lost everything in the recent earthquake in Jamaica. To them in their tragic bereavement the sincerest sympathy of the community will be extended. PULPIT REFERENCE. The Rev Hugh Callan, M.A., m the Parish Church, Montrose, on Sunday evening, said that in the passing away of Dr Percival George Bannister, they had lost one of the kindest- hearted, openest-minded, and also openest-handed of men, as well as one of the ablest of physicians. His consummate knowledge and skill in medicine drew to him a large circle of patients, especially among people of independent means and inde- pendent judgment—not one of whom so far as he knew ever found these judgments falsified, and what was more, a strong and intimate friendship sprang up between him and them. Not he (the preacher) only, but many scores of others in the town and country, believed him to be one of the most talented, many sided and remarkable men they ever had tbe privilege and profit to know. It was only the "superficial, the supercilious, or obstinately uncharitable who failed to appreciate him for what he was. It was Dr Bannister's lot to be much of a wanderer since his first college days-a fact that gave' him his versatility and knowledge of men and manners. But wherever he went he seemed to have found a place in the hearts of the p ople, many of whom were people of means and distinction, as their letters to this day testified. And he had had the same ex- poi uero. jie naa aiea nor, in tne land or nis birth, but in the land of his forefathers—the land he admired and loved so well; and if in death he did not mix with kindred dust" he would lie in no mean and no strange grave, but amid the dust of a family whose members had been devoted to him since his early manhood, and as their last act beautifully showed devoted to him still. He thought his memory would long remain green in their minds.

BWLCHYFFRIDD. Just received' a splendid lot of Gent's Box Calf Boots, with Stout Winter Soles, Broad and Narrow Toes all one price, lOa. 6d.; try them.-R, RICK- ARDS, 30, Bridge-street, Newtown. f

CHURCHSTOKE. CWM BAPTIST CHURCH-An excellent concert was given at the above place by the Sarn Choir, under the conductorship of Mr David Jenkins, cn behalf ef the organ fund. Mr Edward Evans, Villa, Sarn, and Miss A. McCreathand Miss Jones accompanied. The opening piece was rendered by the Choir, Calling, softly calling,' after which prayer was offered by Pastor W. Jenkins. Mrs Morgan sang The flight of ages'; Mr Pryce Purd recited 'In the signal bnx the Choir,' The God of Daniel'; solo by Miss Evans, Argoed; quartet,'Though your sins be as scarlet'; selec- tions on the pathephone by Messrs Sam Jones and Percy Carter; Choir,' Divine Love'; solo and chorus, The sinner and the soae'? dialogue bv Misses Bevan, Ancient aid modern'; the Choir. Lift up thy heart to Him'; solo by Miss Hamer; Choir, I Serve the Lord with gladness'; solo, Miss Lily Morris; recitation, Mr P. Burd, The life- boat'; Choir, 'Ring the joy bells'; pathephone selections; Choir, I Just across the river solo by Mr Maurice Price, My Mother "• quartet, Let them in'; solo by Mr G. Bason; Choir, When wilt Thou save the people.' A vote of thanks was proposed by the Pastor, and was ably seconded by Mr Aaron Evans, Bacheldre Mill. The meeting was closed by singing the Doxology, and the Pastor pronouncing the Benediction. The chapel was full in every part, although it was a wet evening, and the order was all that could be desired. The singing and reciting was excel- lent, and the organ, which was bought from Phillips' Music Salon, Newtown, gave complete atisfaction.

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the smaller. Each lot of ten thus occupied a row of four boxes on opposite sides for feeding passage. The cattle had no access to water until. the last month of the experiment. It was not in- tended that they should be given water at all, but, at the end of the third month both lots showed so little progress, and the weather being then very dry and warm, that it was deemed advisable to supply the cattle with what water they may require. Both lots, therefore, had water ad lib for the last four weeks of the experiment, and in consequence of this possibly, there was quite a remarkable increase in live weight in both lots during this last period. CONCLUSIONS. From the results tabulated and discussed above, the following conclusions may be drawn —Cattle of similar character to those used in this experiment feed just as well on 31b. of concentrated food per head per day as they do on 61b., when the allowance of turnips, straw, and hay is the same as that given in the present rations. There does not appear to be any relation between the live weight increase in cattle of this description and the actual amount of cake and meal consumed, and an increased allowance of concentrated food over and above a certain quantity results in a reduction of profit, if not in loss. It is impossible to determine from the present experiment what the minimum allow- ance of concentrated food in such daily rations as were supplied should be, but it is clear that having regard to profit, and when made uo of foods of the kind and quality of those used in the present experiment, it should not be much above 31b. per head. It would appear that there is a distinct ad- vantage in giving cattle that are being fed inside during the winter months a plentiful supply of water when the turnips supplied do not exceed 501b. per head per day. not exceed 501b. per head per day. Experiment 2 was with rations with and without water. The specific object of the ex- periment was to determine the effect upon the progress of cattle of a free access to water during the progress of feeding. In previous experiments water had been deliberately with held from the cattle, but the remarkable effect of allowing the cattle in Experiment 1 to have

too early to prepare the ground and even form the holes for the general planting of fruit trees next month. It is important that on receiving fresh trees from the nursery they should be planted with- out delay. Therefore by preparing: the differ- ent site at once the work of planting can be done later with dispatch. Suitable stakes should also be prepared, as well as strips of some strong material and tar twine be got in readiness for tying each tree as it is planted.

useful ration consists of three parts barleymeal, two middlings, and half a part meat. In the afternoon grain should be supplied, buckwheat being specially suitable. At mid-day either soft food or grain may be given. Plenty of green food, grit, and pure drinking water are essential items in the diet.

r access to water during the last moath of the experiment seemed to show the necessity of supplying such cattle with more water than is contained in 501b. of turnips per day, and the present experiment was designed in order to to put the matter to such a test as would fur- nish some guidance on this particular point in the conduct of future feeding experiments. The cattle used for the experiment consisted of eight three-year-old Shorthorn bullocks and two welsh Diue-grey buliocKs ot tne same age. They were fed in boxes as in Experiment 1. It is advisable to give cattle receiving no more than 501b. of turnips per head per day free access to drinking water, as they would thus gain in live weight more rapidly, on the average, than if water was withheld. When water has been cut off from cattle for some time immediately after they are given it again is very rapid, but this rate of increase is not maintained for more than about three or four weeks. When it seems clear that it is an advantage to give water "ad. lib." to cattle fed as they were in this experiment, it is equally clear that some cattle will not do any better with, than others will do without, water, there will be a great deal ot variation in the rate ot in- crease whether water is given or not. The amount of water required by feeding cattle will naturally depend upon the quantity of turnips they consume, but it will also depend to no small extent upon the cattle themselves, the season, and the weather.