The Brecon County Times Neath Gazette and General Advertiser for the Counties of Brecon Carmarthen Radnor Monmouth Glamorgan Cardigan Montgomery Hereford

ASTHMA CURED. Pasood all Medical fomtm and Is now at tho Front. Somewhere in France there is a soldier whose presence there is a living proof of the wonderful efficacy of Veno's Lightning Cough Cure in curing Asthma, as well as the simpler coughs and colds so often neglected, but which frequently lead to more serious condition. The wife of Pte. Swift, S/4 040221, A.S.C., seen recently at her home, 14, Victoria Cottages, Kew Gardens, Surrey, said: My husband used to suffer dreadfully (for twelve years or more) with baker's asthma, and never could find relief in treatment by doctors or by attending hospital. But Veno's cured him so thoroughly that he was able to join His Majesty's Army. I never miss an opportunity of telling sufferers about it." Could proof be more positive ? Get your bottle of Veno's Lightning Cough Cure to-day and keep it always at hand. Take it for coughs, colds, bronchitis, and asthma. Of all chemists, prices llid., Is. 3d., and 3s. But it must be VENO'S— suitable for old or young, and perfectly harmless in any conditions. Keep Veno's in the cupboard.

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VARIETIES OF 'CONSCIENCE." EXTRAORDINARY CASES BEFORE COUNTY APPEAL TRIBUNAL. No Conscription Fellowship Teachers under Examination. There were several "conscientious •bjectors" before the Breconehire County Appeal Tribunal, sitting in the Brecon Guild Hall, on Thursday, with Mr D. T. Jeffreys in the chair, Notable amongst these cases were those of two Merthyr teachers living at Cefn, Who proved to be members of the No Conscription Fellowship," and one of whom admitted that he had been distributing the .pamphlets of that society. CANT PHRASES-" THE BROTHER- HOOD OF MAN" AND "ETHICAL PRINCIPLES." Thomas Morgan Thomas, teacher, unattested, who pleaded domestic hardship as well as a conscientious objection, was the first of this class of appellant to appear. He said he could not undertake military service ia any shape or form because he did not believe it was right. He believed in the sacredness of human life and the brotherhood of man, and on those grounds he could not undertake military service. His mother, brother, grandmother, and an aunt had died within twelve months—all living at his home —and these shocks had so undermined the health of his father that he had not been able to work, and appellant was the only one supporting the home. Col J. J. Jones, the military representive for the Cefn district, took the young man in hand. He read out the following declaration from the appeal form I beg to state that I cannot take up military service in any shape or form. I make this declaration with the full and serious knowledge of what it means and after long and serious consideration of the ethical principles involved. My conscience will not allow me to depart from these principles." To the appellant I don't think that was composed 4?y you, was it you are a member of the No Conscription Fellowship ?-I am. And was not that form supplied by the fellowship ?—Yes. And it has been supplied to others it is eacactly the same form as Mr David John Evans puts in his appeal ?—Yes. Then your objection is a political one And moral. Would you do anything to defend your country ?—I would not do anything to defend my country. AN AGITATOR FOR PEACE. What would you do ?—I consider at the present moment I am doing my best. I am helping to bring about peace. I am agitating for peace. Is what way ?—By taking around certain pamphlets. (Laughter). Are you circulating pamphlets against con- scription and against military service?—I am taking a pamphlet which is Are you circulating them ?—I am taking them round. You may get into difficulties about that you know. If Zeppelins visited this country would you take any steps,to prevent them ? —I could not take any steps; it is for the military to see to that. But you are asked to be one of the military and you will not ?-No. Cross-examined as to the domestic hard- ship," appellant admitted that his father had earned good wages as a collier and saved money to send him to college also that his father was at work up to the death of his mother three months ago, and would return to work if his health permitted. From one club the father received L8. His father's age was 58; he did not produce any medical certificate as to his illness. Suppose you had an opportunity, in military service or not, to defend your country, would you do so ?-I would not go to the extent of taking life under any cir- stances. i You would let a German commit any out- rage on those near and dear to you without taking his life?—If those circumstances occurred-you don't know what would occur in a moment of passion. Replying to the Chairman, appellant admitted that his father had not seen a medical man, You say these reasons (the declara- tion) were manufactured for you by some society ?—No, I don't say that. I Well, it is a set form composed by this aociety?—The form was set by my conscience, and I have been thinking ever since I have been able to think—- Answer my question. This society to which you belong has formulated this form for all its members?—Yes, and I am in agree- ment with that form. Is it a case of your society making this form and you attuning your conscience to it ? -No, I still think it, and think it" was the beat way. Col. Jones I think the teadhers in the Merthyr district had a meeting at which you were present ?-Yes. f Did you agree with the resolution then passed?—I did. And. was that resolution that the teachers would not. attest until the Merthyr Corpora- tion provided for the payment' of their salaries ?- That they would not consider en- listment, and the fact that I have not enlisted shows that that bad nothing to with me. The Tribunal retired for a short time to con- sider the case, and on their return the Chair- man fcaid: We place you in a non-combatant class. IS THAT ALL THE LESSON ? David John Evans, the other Merthyr teacher referred to above, was next called. Be "reeled off" the No Conscription Fellowship formula, and when he' had finished the Chairman remarked Is that all the lesson? (Laughter). Col. Jones That formula was supplied to you by the No Conscription Fellowship as in the other case ?-It stated just what I think. That is not an answer to my question. Was it' supplied to you by the No Con- scription Fellowship ?—Yes.. And you are a member of that Fellowship? Yes. When you left college did you. express your intention of joiping the forces ?-No. Didn't you tell somebody that you intended to attest?—No. You were present when that resolution was passed by the Merthyr teachers Yes. And approved of it ?—Yes. By a majority the Tribunal dismissed Bern's appeal altogether. <

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The Windsor Magazine. Excellent articles on War themes a..fe contri- buted to the April number of tbe "Windsor Magazine" by writers of authority, and all are well illustrated from recent photographs and drawings. Special interest attaches to a lucid aooortnt of "The Explosives a and 'in Modern Warfare," by the late Professor Vivian B. Lewis, the well-known writer and lecturer on scientific work who completed this article for the "Windsor" shortly before his death. The article includes much valuable explanation of points which must frequently have seemed difficult to the lay mind to understand in following the question of munitions of all kinds during the war, and many interesting illustra- tions accompany the text. The "Windsor's" records of deeds of heroism which have won the Victoria Cross are continued with a de. tailed account of the Australian and New Zealand heroes of the supreme award for bravery, the illustrations to this article includ- ing a Dombor of portraits. A very attractive programme of fiction inoludrs a powerful complete atory by Harold Bindloas, and a touching story of family life in Australia in war-time by Ethel Turner, as well as complete stories by William Weetrup, E. R. Pcjnshon, Lnarenoe North, and other well-known authors Captain Charles G. D Roberts contributes om of bis fascinating etudlee of wild life, altogether the number is a moet attractive one.

BARIOED." GOAL. THE MOST LASTING COAL IS WELSH.' THE BEST WELSH GOAL IS BARGOED." The only plaoe obtainable in Brecon is ttfc THE Breconshire Goal & Lime CO. It is sold at all the Company's Retail Depots. Truok Loads (4 to 10 tons) may be had at any tation in Wales at, Factors' prices.

HEALTH OF CRICKHOWELL DISTRICT. Medical Officer's Annual Report. Brynmawr's Debt to Llanelly. Dr P E Hill, medical officer of health for tbe Rural District of Crickhowell, in hia report .on the health and sanitation of the district for tbe year 1915, states :— The following cases of infections disease were notified duriag the year :—Diphtheria 10, erysipelas 5, scarlet fever 63, enteric fever 9, pulmonary tuberculosis 6, other forms of tuberculosis 2, total 95. Of the ten oases of diphtheria, seven were in the Crickhoweli Division of the district, and three io Llanelly. Two deaths, reBultfcd, one being ascribed to post soarletinal diththeria. There were three deaths only out of tha 63 caaes of scarlet fever notified. The nine cases of typhoid fever, affected four houses, and one death was registered. The oases were confined to L'aiielly. The most common vehicle of the poison of this disease is drinking water, which may be contaminated in various ways, mostly by sewage, and this applies in a dangerous degree to Llanelly. As it seems improbable that any hope can be entertained of a new system of sewarage being carried ont by the Brynmawr Urban Council until after the termination of the war, and after," may be an indefiinte term, it has suggested itself to me whether it would be possible to offer the inhabitants of Llanelly the use of typhoid vaccine. This vaccine is used as a prophylactic against typhoid fever It is being used on a large soale by the military, authorities as a means of rendering troops immune to this disease, as by its use the incidence of enteric fever and the cases of i mortality among the vaccinated are, very con- siderably lowered. It is estimated' that the incidence among the vaccinated is lower than that among the unvacciuated by 50 to 75 per cent., and the mortality is reduced to one- sixth, aud the redaction is still greater astoug those who have reoeived more than one inoculation of the vaccine. The vaccine should be offered at the public eSpense. I have inoculated on three inBtauces against typhoid fever. Re-inoculation is recommended after two years for those protected by, two doses, and after six months for those who have only been partially protected by a single dose of vaccine. Daricg the year, in consequence of a- case of diphtheria occurring in the, house of the Master of Llangenny Seboolp, extengiva alterations were carried oat therein and the schools closed. After disinfection they were re-opened, on January 25tb. On February 8th a farther case was notified, and a closing order again issued. On re-opening "swabs" were taken from certain children's throats, with the result that three were found to be 11 oarriers," and were excluded. Subsequently DO further caBes came under notice. It is. agsin my duty to report that the work performed by Messrs F J Harley and E R Morgan has been carried out with efficiency. There is ocly one case of a notice issued by them being incomplied with; that of a mat: who persistently exposed himself in a public thoroughfare whilst in an infectious stage of scarlet fever. Police Court proceedings were taken and the man had to pay tbe costs. Forty-six cases of successful primary vaccin- ation and sixteen cases of re vacaination were recorded by the Pnblio Vaccinator during the year, The number of cases of primary vaccination in 1914 was 74. This decline is Very discouraging, and I would point out that except in the case of those protected by vaccination immunity is rare in small-pox, and it moat be clearly understood that no medical organisation, however cornplete, and oo system of isolative sanitation, and general prepared- ness, for dealing with outbreaks, could be safely trusted in the absence of systematic primary vaccination should an epidemic of this disease occur in this country. These are the grounds upon which I contend the State should repeal the eo-calied Conscientoaa Objection Clause. The births registered in the district numbered 158, viz. :-92 boys and 66 girls. The rate for the year was 204 per 1,000, as against 24-6 in 1914, the average for, the previous five years being 23.1. The deaths registered numbered 105, as against 100 in 1914, which affords a death-rate of 13*6 per 1,000 inhabitants per annum. The maximom age reached, was 88 years. The chief causf-si of death were as follows:— Bronchitis 8, pneumonia 11, heart disease 12, premature birth 3, accidents 1, cancer 6, suicides 1, Brigbt's disease 3, scarlet fever 3. There were 17 deaths nnder 1 year; 9 between 1 and 5 years; 7 between 5 and 15 2 between 15 anrj 25; 29 between 25 and 65; and 41 of th" age of 65 and Dpwards. The number of deaths among infants under 12 months of age amounted to 17, being 107 6 per 1.000 net births. Of this number 6 occurred in the parish of Llanelly.

I HORTON'S BENEDICT PILLS. FREE TO LADIES. In a few days correct all irregularities and remove all obstructions; also oure Anaemia, and cause no injury; to the married or single are invaluable. By post under cover 1/3 or 3/ from Horton & Co., Chemists (Chief Dispenser from the late Birmingham Lying-in Hospital), (Dept. 85), ASTON MANOR, BIRMING- HAM. Sold over 50 years. SUPPLIED DIRECT ONLY. SELDOM EVER FAIL. All ladies should send penny stamp for free sample of pills and booklet. _WISAI-

A Brecon Genius. Giving in a recent issue of the" New York Nation an appreciation of Henry Vaagban the Brecon Poet, (a new edition of whose works bas recently been published), the writer says:— Vaughan was born of a good WdBb family in the year 1621. Hia father was then residing at Newton, not far from Breoon, on the banks of the Usk, the winding murmur of whose waters. we shall bear all through the son's poetry. With no presumption be was to link the river's naff-,e forever with his own: When I am laid to rest bard by thy streamy And my SOD. sets, where first it sprang in beams, I'llleave bebiud me t nch a largo, kind light, As shall redeem thee from oblivious night. No idle boast foi ouly ibe other day out reiser, at two hatred and fifty YHHH and more filer it wfts nJtered, vTeDt a loag pilgrataage to see with biri own eyes those Hjipnp banks whence such fair flowers have sprang. s.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOUND IN THE DICTIONARY. William John Lewis, described as a shep- herd and mason, appealed from the refusal of the Brecon Rural Tribunal to give him (xemption, pleading conscientious objection, ill health, and business hardship. Applicant was informed that the state of his health was a matter for the military authorities, and be then. proceeded to say that he had a conscientious objection to take part in warfare or to become part of the military machine. He could not define what was conscience, but it was deeply rooted in himself. He had never taken any part in wartare, had never read any books on war- fare, and he had areal conscientious objection to take human life. After the war broke out he thought he would do something for the country and he put more stock out and was rearing stock himself, and was also a member of the Pony and Cob Society. In that way be was doing what he could to follow Lord Selborne's advice to keep up the stock of the country. He once strained him- self lifting a heavy stone and had not had good health since. He lived at Cwmcae farm with his father and worked for him in his spare time. He admitted he bad no land of his own. Capt. Mavrojapi: Are you a mason ?— (Laughter).—Yes. You read a lot ?—Yes. I suppose you read about ethical principles? -Well, that is in the Bible, the divine right of man. (Laughter.) Did )0 on ever ocme across the expression ethical principles in the Bible ?-But it is ethical principles, the divine right of man. Where did yoa get the expression ethical principles from yoa did not invent it and yoa did not find it in the Bible ?-Well, I got it from the dictionary. The Chairman It is the form of the No Couscription Societ3, word for word the same as we bad in the Cefn cases you have the same sort of conscience ?-I have a deep conscience, I will not don kbaki for any man. Yoa are a religions man ?-I am a religions man. You believe in doicg yoar duty ?-I believe in doing my doty. Do you believe in sacrificing your life for the good of others ?—Yes, as a civiiiau. You draw a distinction. Do yoa mean to say you would not help a soldier if he was wounded ?—Yes, as a civilian I woald. I saved a man's life the other day. You saved a man's life as long as you were dressed in civilian clothing, being in khaki yoa would not ?—I saved a man's life the other day when a oart turned over on him. Bat would you do the same for a soldier ?- Yes. The Chairman (after consniting with his coileagaes) You are pat in a non-combatant class. Appellant: What about my sheep ? Mr W S Miller Get your father to look after them. SCHOOLMASTER WHO THINKS THE WAR WRONG. Morgan Jacob, a school teacher, whose home is at 8ennybri^ge, appealed against the refusal of the Brecon Raral Tribunal ko exempt him, his groand of appeal being domestic hardship, the need to complete his education, and conscientious objection. The local Tribunal, in their reasons for the refusal,.mentioned that the appellant had been reeidiu £ in Londop daring the greater portion of the last sis months. portion of the !at six months. Appellant now said be was the sole support of his widowed mother, and the Prime Minister, in answer to Mr Snowden, said the sole supporter of a widowed mother bad ba much right to exemption as any man in the Empire. There was a clause in the Act to allow the completion of education. He did not take the popular view of the war at all be did not look apon it as a war of se.f-defence againet German aggression. He thought there was as much fault on both sides, on the German aide and on the side of the Allies. For example, when the war broke out- The Chairman, interposing: Yes, yes we don't want anything about the oaase of the war, we only want your conscientious objection. Appellant: I think the whole war is wrong. I am against war altogether. I have felt deeply and strongly against this war ever since it started. Replying to the Chairman, Jacob said be was formerly earniiag P,160 a year as a schoolmaster, but bad lately been studying in London and not earning anything. Tueu how do you support your mother ?— We have saved a little. Capt. Mavrojani: If yoa went as a soldier you would save more because at the present moment yoa are spending money on good books, and liviug in London is rather expen- sive ?-Yes if I went as a soldier I could not do any studying. Ob I coalcin't you I Yon Bay yoo absolutely cannot take aoy part in the war, and it is not for selfish reasons ?—Yes I object to the war altogether. The war could have beeu stopped by either side. As it baa not been stopped ?-^The beat thing to do is to stop it. I agree, but there are different ways of dointz You cannot stop it no-day. 10 the mKtnwhiie yoa recognise there will bt; a lot of pick and woacidnd and aofferÍt,g süH;rs?- Yep. Don't you think it is an honourable w:;rk to hflp rescue the woonded ?-I a dame the bravery of the soldiers,, but I don't admire their political insight. HEAVEN SAVE US FROM POLITICAL INSIGHT." Heaven forbid political insight coming in here. Do you admire them 2-Yes. Do yoa think they are doing right ?-As far as their political insight goes. Would it not be right for you to go and do the same P- Would it be right for me to do something that I object to do altogether ? Yes 1—1 object to the war altogether. The appeal was dismissed by a majority.