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. AGRICULTURAL KOTKa.

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AGRICULTURAL KOTKa- BY A PRACTICAL FARMER. A DESTOUCNRA DISEASE. One frequently beats it aaid as a form of criticism (jf the active otcpc that are taken |irbeji £ >ver an outbreak of foot-and-mouth cti- wcase occurs that there are worse diseaaee *rhi £ h nobody makea a fuas about, and that it cart be cured. As to a cure, we have beard of ao-cgl-led remedies for many years past, but 4fee; faot 'that none of them has stood the test of time puts them out of consideration at onoa. As to the idea that the disease, because it is often not naturally fatal, is not so very wrATus. the foil-owing remarks may be of ia- te to many. Cattle at pasture often show rapid emacia- tion when attacked, as, owing to the paim in their mouths and feet, they are unaible to ob tain sufficient nourishment. In milch cows the milk yield falls considerably, and when ttte teats are affected injury of a permanent keture may arise in the udder. The inflam- matory process in the feet may W to shed- ding of the homy parts. Soch accidents arise ill the later stages of the diieease, and they ar-e moic- commonly seen im sheep aad pigs. Bveti in the earlier etagea the horn can tre. quentiy be been separating around the coronet in a downward direction in sheep and pigs. Verv young calves may die of enteritis (ia- flanjmation of the bowell without showing OnilftBve symptoms externally. Anmxala "usually recover from foot-and- Knjpi disease, but the loss, owing to depre- ciation, low of milk, or permanent injury, is considerable. Some outbreaks, however, am more virulent than others, and in a very virulent outbreak a ooneiderable number of animate may die, usually from intestinal ooa- phqatoons. TyaSticaHy all the domestic animals M wiM ruminants can be infected with foot-asnd- BioUth disease. Bovine animaisare usually iooke<S upon 88 more susoeptible to the di- aeago than sheep, pigfi, aad goats, but the ex- perience in Great Britain during the last few years has been that, given an outbreak amongst pige or sheep, the disease spreads as ra^iSHy M in the can of cattle. Human beings May alao contract foot-and-mouth disease. • • • FIELD PEAS. The last pea crop was reported to be the smallest harvested 011 record, and for the past three years it has been on the whole very dis- appointing. Of the area officially retumed. ander paas, the greater part of the crop is grown for picking as green peas for Vowlk =we- ketR or to produce peas for drying. Ttte quantity of fieW peas produced in this aowjtry is probabty wry small indeed, afcfawjgh ltey make a Tamable stock food. Bui the eapense of harreotang tho orop ia pt*. lui^pre as a rule, on account of the faet that ifc CaMot fee cat by a machuM, but must te fcawvpsted with a scythe or a peahook. Afi the fact that it is generally « rery amt- aef&nz crop, on occasions yielding next to nothing, and it is soarcefy surprising that the cuftiya&on of field peas is not much undertaken. "QD the oilier hand, titan is this to be said Bar the orop, it does better upon, an inferior miH, so long as this is well timed, than upon a spod rich one, which would promote luxuri- ant growth of stem and leaves aud lay the pfewit, earning a poor yield of peas. If it <joa%B between two atawr crops it h^h»s like otlw legumes to renovate the soil. The pea rifa&fr, of which about a ton per acre may be eara&d if w< £ l harveflted in dry weather, is MONY oaten by stone cartfle and sheep. kl peas arte distinct in species tron the *ar?oo.s Kinds of se4m PM, and though the «hffr redoes are not so marked as in beans, f« PTnV^rs know the laM po as hardier than e other, offering rtouter reaistance both to frosi aad to damp, and writable therefore for efl-i^fer otvlti vat ion. A maxture of beans and VQi&licommonly known is Blendings") it th^Tlto of bushels of tho latter to of the f&Jpet, is to be recoBMaeoded. The stiff, erect beSb atoms act aa support» toi the weak, strag- f+ig atoms of the pe6Î, wttife not preventing th» in from securing adequate amount of wpM sod air. But this otveae is only worth while on> a soil whicfc is not "tiff enough to yiera a good ctop of beans. A late pea shoaU he used, aa that both, ripen together. RETURNED WAR MARES. The breeding of light horses seems to be in urgent need of encouragement and assist- ance at the present time, and there are niihierous suggestions as to how this may be afforded. Meantime, the Board of Agricul- ture have been authorised by the War Offioe to arrange for the sate of some mares which have been returned from abroad as no longer suitable for use with the Expeditionary Faroe, and which have been specially aolectted by the Board as of types suitable for breeding purposes. The mares will be kepi imdeT the care and observation of the Board for a month after (heir return from abroad, and will then be soiS by public auction on the express condi ticm^ thlat they are not at any time to be ex- ported out of the country. To secure observ- aiK$s £ of this condition the mares will be branded wdth a distinctive mark of diamond t; mares in each case will have passed the laaliein test for glanders to the sattsfac- tifxp of' the Board's veterinary officers, bat no guarantee ie given as to their age, soond- iK -sp. or otherwise. The mares can be exam- .iiie4 prior to disposal at the places of sale by veterinary surgeons on behalf of intead- ing purchasers. The mares can be seen at the Cattle Teat- HI< Station, Pirbright, Surrey (Woking St^ion five miles, Brookwood Station three milWj, by acrangement with the Inspector- ifi-Cltarge. coo consignments of these marea have al- ready been joW, and it is hoped to arrange for further sales in various parts of the coun- try daring the next few months. Owners of mares should bear in mind the fori that ail premium stallions subsidised by •ffiift Board will travel during the forthcoming as«4on at the low service fee of £ 1, • • • WASTE OF HAY. As I have pointed out many times ia them 1 and as recent Inqniries mto the coat ol feeding dairy cows hawe sbown, there is wide variation in the methods of feeding for milk prod action and equaJly wddo variation ia the cost of the food. In Kent and Surrey it was found that six were producing milk at lese than 5d. per gaiion. for food; on the othei hbd, fottr were spending more than lOd. pei n in food alone One farmer was evem wind to be producing milk at 3d. per gallon for food, and another farmer producing milk at as much as lljd. per gallon for the food. Commenting on theee and similar facts, Mr. <2. H. Garrad, Agricultural Organiser for the B^Dit County Council, remarked how extra- «?ddniary it was to see the remarkable varia tiku there is from farm to farm, awl to 600 oAe farmer feeding his cows at three times th< ont per gallon of milk of another. On com- paring the expensive rations with the cheap ones, there are two point's which very quickly Make themseJve8 clea.r. An expensive ration i frequently associated either with a heavj fading of roots or else with an> over-liberal allowance of hay. More than half the cosl otf the ration lies in the hay. tor. Garrad said he wondered how many far- rows realise that when hav is fetching £ 4 158. ton it is worth £ d. per lb- But £ 4 15s ton and ^-d. per lb. are the same thing. If fannera would recognise when they see g<pd hay being trodden underfoot in^ the farm- v^d that for every pound that is being wasted ty are loOSing td. out of th-eir trousers pockel this wasteful practice would be very much lesi common. One of the reasons why hay is suci a useful food is that cows require a large qiiamtity of bulky fodder to enable them tc chew the cud, and hay supples that require- ment. Bat 90 does g<x><i oat *&.?aw, and wher< odft stn»w is available, and hay is worth 9 «$od price, he suggested! that- only a limited ajnoTint of hay be fed, and that the rest be dis |»*ced by some other bulky fodder.

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