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THE COURT.
THE COURT. THE Queen, Prince and Princess Christian, and the younger branches of the Royal family are at Balmoral, vnjoying the rural scenery of that wild and beautiful country. One evening her Majesty, accompanied by the young Princesses, the ladies in waiting, and the Hon. Lord Charles Fitzroy, drove from Balmoral along the south side of the river Dee, through the village of Brae- mar. At a short distance beyond the village, along the Duchlaish Drive, emerging from the Glencluny and Cairnweil-road to Blairgowrie, the Royal party halted, and had a picnic amongst the heather on the side of the hill. After a short stay the Royal cortege drove through the Duchlaish," and by the Lion's Face," to the Highland Palace. The evening was delightful, and her Majesty appeared to be in excellent health and spirits. THE Prince and Princess of Wales are in Germany. The Court Journal says :—Her Royal Highness is taking baths at her house daily at Wiesbaden, and though her knee is quite stiff, her Royal Highness is looking better, and rather stouter. She takes drives daily, and may be seen on the balcony of her residence playing with her children. The Prince is everywhere. He bathes and breakfasts every other day at the Hotel de la Rose lounges, and chats, and gossips pleasantly and unaf- fectedly with his friends risks a few gold pieces at the tables, walks about in the crowds alone, takes his coffee under the trees atthe Kursal, and isnot in anyway annoyed either by foreigners or the English. He looks well, full of health and enjoyment, and has a pleasant, restless way of easily getting through the day. As the chasse 'oramenced in Nassau on the 24th, and there is plenty ? game, it is anticipated he will have some shooting in the Royal, formerly the Ducal, domains. The Prince and Princess and suite occupy three houses near to each other The King of the Greeks is also there. The Earl of Clarendon is seeking his annual relief from the gout. At Homburg we have the Prince and Princess Edward ot Saxe-Weimar, the Duke of Rutland, the Duke and luchess of Manchester, and a host of inferior titles. flt Baden-Baden the French, of course, predominate, And as the time for the races approaches, rooms become ;iore difficult to get, and their prices rise. During the races the Prince of Wales will be the guest of the Duchess of Hamilton at Baden-Baden. The Duke of Cambridge is at Rumpenheim, where he pays frequent risita to Homburg and Wiesbaden. THE apartments occupied by General Grey in and ad- joining the Norman gateway in Windsor Castle, looking into the tastefully-decorated flower-garden at the base of e Round Tower, have been undergoing considerable 'nlargement, repairs, and improvements for several iionths past-Mr. Salvin being the architect, and Mr. Meyers the builder. The alterations consist of the en- largement of nearly every room in the building, more particularly the drawing, sitting, dining, and bedrooms occupied by the family of the general. This part of the castle commands a fine and extensive view over the neighbouring counties of Buckinghamshire and Oxford- shire. The re-arrangement of the passages and the ex- tension of all the domestic offices has also been decided on the whole of which alterations will be completed by the return to the castle of the general, with her Majesty and Royal family, from Scotland, in October ext.
POLITICAL GOSSIP. --.--
POLITICAL GOSSIP. VISCOUNT DILLON'S claim to vote for Irish repre- sentative Peers has been admitted. THE first trades' unionist in the field for the honour of being an M.P. in the reformed House of Parliament is a Mr. M'Donald of the miners' union. He has not as yet selected his borough, but his intentions are duly announced. THE general revision of the lists of voters will bo held between the 15th of September and the 31st of October. The barristers who revised the lists of the metropolis will hold the next revision. The revising barrister for the City of London has already appointed his court for October. A SEVERE contest will probably take plaee for the representation of the city of Exeter at the next general election. The Conservatives will, it is said, exert them- selves to return a relrJive of Lord Churston with the sitting member, Lord Courtenay whilst the Liberal have already started Mr. Edgar Bo wring as the hoped- for colleague of Mr. Coleridge. RICCIOTTI GARIBALDI, the son of the General, is now in England. The exact purport of his visit is not known but the surmise is that it has something to do with the Roman question-probably its financial re- quirements. VICE-ADAIIRAL the Hon. Edward Alfred John Har- ris, C.B. (late Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary to the Swiss Confederation) has been ap- pointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- tiary to the King of the Netherlands. The Imperial Review has reason to believe that, in de.ference to the wishes of the Conservative party, the proposal contained in the Scotch Reform Bill of the past Session for the electoral division of the city of Glasgow will be withdrawn. Like the other great cities in of the kingdom, Glasgow will receive a third member, and Lord Cairns's plan for securing the representation of minorities will be brought into operation. It is pro- bable, it adds, that other modifications in the scheme for the redistribution of seats in Scotland will be in- troduced. THOUGH it was generally understood that the Kinloss Peerage claim, which is a claim by the present Duke of Buckingham and Chandos to be Earl Kinloss in the Peerage of Scotland, and whose claim is opposed by the Earl of Ailesburv, would have been determined last Session. Parliament broke up without deciding whether or no the claimant had made out his claim. In this case, as well as in the Wiltes Peerage Claim," it is ex- pected, however, that judgment will be delivered soon after the next meeting of Parliament, as it is gsnerally understood that the Committee for Privileges have decided on commencing their sittings at an earlier period of the Session than usual, instead of deferring them until after Whitsuntide. THE French Charivari in commenting upon affairs in France compares the Government to a ship in danger. Once upon a time there was a vessel very well known in history. This vessel was called the Ship of the State. One day, as it sailed along, the passengers, gazing at the horizon, exclaimed, See yonder; see yonder! The officers, who were standing by, turned sharply round, as if vexed by this summons to their attention. Only look yonder repeated the passengers in all simplicity of heart, without noticing the officers' movement. "Well, yonder what is there yonder?" asked the officers, roughly. "A number of black spots," answered tha passengers. "You are mad," was the reply. "Black spots which forerun a tempest," the passengers insisted. Silence shouted the officers. Why do you order us to be silent when we speak the truth ? What we say is in everybody's interest, for if the storm "The first who talks in that way shall be put under hatches." At this menace the passengers looked at each other and held their tongues, but suddenly the captain himself appeared upon the quarterdeck and swept the horizon with his glance. Ah he ex- claimed, there are black spots down yonder." They were the black spots pointed out by the passengers, and for observing which they had narrowly escaped being treated as malefactors. Whose turn wa.s it to look foolish? The officers-or, if you prefer it, the semi- official press. IN the Pension List just issued are the following Items: Duchess of Cambridge, 26,000; Princess Augusta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, £ 3,000; Duke of Cambridge, £ 12,000 Princess Mary of Teck, £ 5,000, Crown Princess of Prussia, £ 8,000 Princess Alice of Hesse, = £ 6,000 Prince of Wales, £ 40,000 Princess of Crown Princess of Prussia, X8,000 Princess Alice of Hesse, t6,000 Prince of Wales, X40,000 Princess of Wales, £10,000; Duke of Edinburgh, 15,000 Princess Helena, 6,000. The future annual charge for members of the Royal Family will be 111,000. The pensions for naval and military services amount to £ 35,000 a year. The servants of the late Queen Charlotte, George III., and Queen Caroline are still pensioners to the amount of .£1,200, but probably there is not one of them who is not beaten in point of age by Mary Ann Forster (now Tomes), late housemaid in the House of Lords, Ireland, who receives £ 18 Os. lOd. for loss ef emoluments. A former whipper-in and a member of a wealthy family figures for £83 as keeper of the Tennis Court. There are four Cabinet Ministers who when out of office are in the receipt of £2,000 a year-namely Mr. Disraeli, Sir G. Grey, Mr, Milner Gibson, and Mr. Walpole.
[No title]
-♦ HUBBARD LEXGLEY was executed on Monday morning, at Norwich, for the murder of his uncle, Ben- jamin Black, at Barton Bendish, Norfolk. The evidence upon which he had been convicted was circumstantial, but of a very conclusive character. He had confessed his guilt, and expressed great contrition. FATAL FALL FROM A RAILWAY BRIDGE.-— On Sunday night a number of youths were playing on the Midland Railway Bridge at Nottingham, when one of them, named Nathaniel Needham, who had climbed to the top of the bridge, was seen suddenly to miss his I hold, and fall on the iron lines below. The poor lad's skull was smashed in by the violence of the fall. He was instantly taken to the General Hospital, but he expired a few minutes after admission j
F THE ARTS, LITERATURE, &a.
F THE ARTS, LITERATURE, &a. TN the studio of Mr. W. Brodie, R.S.A., at Cambridge- street, Edinburgh, is a highly-finished marble monu- ment to be placed in Glasgow Cathedral, measuring about five feet and a-half by five, bearing an inscription to the effect that it is erected by the 71st Highland Light Infantry in memory of those who fell in action or died of wounds in the campaign of Eusotzia, north-west frontier of India, in 1863; and gives the names of Captains Charles F. Smith and Robert B. Aldridge Lieutenants Thomas B. Dougall and Thomas S. Gore Jones, ef the 79th Highlanders (attached to the 71st) Ensign Charles B. Murray, Sergeant J. B. Adams, and eighteen privates. The design of the tablet is simple and appropriate. On the one side a young officer is represented in the act of placing a wreath of flowers on the monument, and on the other a veteran is in the posi- tion of unveiling the inscription to a boy, and showing him the name of his father. The veil is formed with the colours of the regiment, which lie over the top of the tablet. Mr. Brodie has succeeded in imparting to the figures all that could be desired in regard to posi- tion, symmetry, and countenance and, in fact, has produced a beautiful and striking picture. The inscrip- tions on the columns and their sewed work have been skilfully and carefully imitated, and bear, like the other portions of the work, evidence of laborious and careful manipulation. THE HISTORY OF A CHURCH WINDOW.—The east window of St. Peter's Church, Quemmore, Lancashire, has lately been filled with coloured glass under some- what singular circumstances. Mr. Garnett, late M.P. for Lancaster, having been led to visit Cannes, in the South of France, for three successive seasons, assented to a proposal made to him in the spring of last year to join with the chaplain and another layman in providing a coloured window for the English church at Cannes, which was then about to be enlarged. An order was given in London, and the window was finished and sent out by the Fairy Vision for Marseilles in October last. The ship foundered, almost within sight of port, on one of the dangerous sandbanks off the mouth of the Rhone. The window was insured, and an order was sent to London for another, which in due time arrived, and was fixed in the church. The unfortunate Fairy Vision, at the bottom of the Mediterranean, was sold to a Greek, who set to work to recover the lost cargo and while Mr. Garnett was at Hyeres, in the spring of this year, the window was fished up, and sold by auction at Marseilles. He bought it and sent it home, not much the worse for its five months' dip in the sea, and it is now in Quernmore Church. The window represents the leading events in the Gospel history. THE Life of Abd-el-Kader," by Colonel Churchill, is a very interesting work. THE fourth edition of the Early Days of the Prince Consort" has been issued, and as many as 12,500 copies of the book have been disposed of up to the present. This fact is the best criticism on the merits of the work, and the best evidence of its acceptability. WE learn, writes the London Preview, that the leading poem in Mr. Buchanan's forthcoming volume of verse is the story of a fisherwoman on the coast of Scotland, en- titled Meg Blane." Of the other long Scotch poems, one entitled "The Northern Wooing" is a love-story; another has for theme the too-celebrated Hig-bland evic- tions and a third is a wild Covenanting piece, entitled "The Battle of Drumlie Moor." Mr. Buchanan's prose volume, "David Gray, &c. will contain, besides the biography which gives the book its name, papers on English and American poets, and on the principles of poetic art in general.
SPORTS AND PASTIMES. -
SPORTS AND PASTIMES. GROUSE DISEASE.—A general impression exists, says the Lancet, that the endemic known by this name is due to the presence of tapeworms in the intestinal canal. It is true that these parasites are found in grouse after death, but certainly not in more considerable numbers than would be the case if the birds were not affected with the so-called grouse disease." People seem to forget that birds of all kinds are liable to harbour these parasites. In the view of making this subject more clear to the public, we understand that Dr. Cobbold intends (at the forthcoming meeting of the British Association at Dundee) to offer some remarks on the prevalence of entozoa in the common fowl and in game birds generally. CULTIVATION OF OYSTERS IN SCOTLAND. The London Scotsman says:—In Edinburgh, as in London, the supply of oysters is not equal to the demand. Hence great dissatisfaction in the "Modern Athens "on account of the dearness and diminutive size of the favourite bivalves. The Newhaven fishermen are accused of having caused the present dearth by the reckless manner in which they carry on the fishery. Instead of cul- tivating the oyster ground they have held from the Duke of Baccleuch, at little more than a nominal rent, for many years they have been in the habit of dredging for small oysters, or brood, which they sell in large quanti- ties for export to England, where they are used to stock some of the newly-formed oyster grounds. This practice has always been discouraged by the Duke of Buccleuch, who has at last adopted stringent measures to prevent the fishery in the Forth from becoming utterly unpro- ductive. Under the new arrangement it is provided that no brood shall be removed, except for the purpose of being laid down in other parts of the duke's fishing ground, which extends in length from Cramond Island on the west, to the east end of the old village of New- haven on the east, and to the middle of the Firth in breadth. As regards the size of oysters, it is provided that none shall be brought to market which are capable of being passed through a ring 2in. in diameter. Now that the subject of oyster culture is beginning to be understood in Scotland, as well as in England, we hope to hear of some attempt to establish this valuable branch of maritime industry along the west coast of Scotland. SEA FLY FISHING.-A correspondent of the Field says The account of sea fly fishing given in a former number brings to my recollection a locality where the same kind of sport can be had in perfection during the months of August, September, and October. The place I allude to is Glandore, on the S.W. coast of Ireland. The principal fish caught by the fly are whiting pollack, varying in size from one pound to ten or more; but mackerel are also occasionally taken with the rod. The fisherman there may fish from a boat or from the shore and, as my experience extends as far back as 50 years, I may safely venture an opinion, while I fully rely on the statements of J. H. B. I have tried flies of many kinds, including salmon and sea trout flies, but I neves found any to equal one made of white goat's beard, with a light blue or yellow body of mohair, ribbed with silver tinsel, and varying in size to suit the size of the fish that are rising, as shoals of pollack not more than a pound weight are often to be got when the heavy fish are not. For the largest fly the length of the goat's beard should be about three inches, and used in sufficient quantity to resemble in the water a sandeel or a sprat. A middle-sized salmon hook is, I think, the best; and the fly ought to be tied on strong salmon gut or three links of trout gut, nicely twisted; about a yard in length will be enough of gut, and then a strong line of any kind in use for salmon, and not less than 50 yards long. At Glandore this sport can be had within the harbour's mouth and from the rocks, as well as from a boat. Very good sport can also be had by towing with a line and lead, having a small river eel or sandeel for bait, fixed on the hook, as any of the poor fishermen of Glandore can describe. In the same locality very large pollack, as well as other fish, give good sport from a boat at anchor near certain sunken rocks a strong line with a lead must be used, and fresh sprat, herring, or mackerel for bait. The sportsman can vary his amuse- ment with famous rock pigeon and sea-fowl shooting, as well as lake and river fishing and there is an hotel and lodging villas at Glandore, which is only twelve miles from a railway station atDunmanway—prices moderate, and the ordinary requisites for the table excellent. The quantity of fish in Bantry Bay has not been surpassed for many years, but it appears there are not any nets to catch them. I fear there may be other reasons exist- ing. The owner of a trawl boat states that he hired a crew of four men to go out with his boat, agreeing to divide the fish caught-half to the owner and half to the crew. The result of one day's fishing was five pounds' worth of fish, half of which paid the crew well; but those fellows would not go again. No improve- ment in the fishery laws can satisfy such men as the Bantry Bay trawlers.
[No title]
fr. LTJCIFERS IN A COTTON BALE.—On Saturday Captain Orkney, of the ship Belgravia, from New Orleans, exhibited at the Liverpool Exchange News- room a box of iucifer matches, known in America as sk telegraph matches." The box, wrapped up in cotton, was accidentally and fortunately discovered by Captain Orkney in a bale of cotton, which was being "packed" on the Levee at New Orleans for shipment. Whether placed in the bale by accident or design is not known, but as this is not the first time such a j discovery has been made, it is to be feared that, for some unknown reason, a scoundrel placed the matches amongst the cotton, regardless of the fearful destruction of life and property which they might have occasioned.
FACTS AND FACETI2&.
FACTS AND FACETI2&. SPEAKING without thinking is shooting without taking aim. WHAT is better than a promising young man ? i-A paying one. ALL the women of the villages on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico are in the habit of swimming. The young ladies are all diving belles. PROFESSOR WHITNEY says that Mount Hood is 12,400 feet high. Hood have thought it. THERE are ties which should never be severed, as the ill-used wife said when she found her brute of a husband banging in the bay-loft. FOOTE expressed the belief that a certain miser would take the beam out of his own eye if he knew where he could sell the timber. DON'T you mean to marry, my dear sir? "— "No, my dear widow. I'd rather lose all the ribs I've got than take another." FIRE is a good thing in the house; but it should be in the chimney, and not in the wife's temper—cooking the victuals, not roasting the husband. "I DON'T like to patronise this line," said a cul- prit to the hangman, who was adjusting the noose around his neck. Oh, nevermind this once," replied the hangman, it will soon suspend its operation." A GREAT physician gives it as his opinion that the brain is not injured by intemperate drinking, as is generally supposed for, he adds, a man given to in- temperance in that way cannot have any brains." A GENTLEMAN was threatening to beat a dog which barked intolerably. Why," exclaimed an Irish- man, who was present, "would you bate a poor dumb animal for spakin' out ?" A CHARADE FOR THE LADIES.—My first is what lies at the door; my second is a kind of a corn and my third is what nobody can do without and my whole is one of the United States. Mat-ri-mony. AN anecdote is going the rounds of the late millionaire iron-master, Mr. Crawshay. He came into the garden one day in early spring, and, pointing to a row of gooseberry trees, abruptly told the gardener to take them all up and stick the branches into the earth, leaving the roots turned upwards. They don't seem to grow as they are," he remarked, "so I'll try my plan." Mr. Crawshay then turned away abruptly, whilst the gardener, without making any reply, im- mediately set to work. In a few hours the job was completed, and upon Mr. Crawshay returning and finding that his commands had been obeyed, he observed- That's all right; put 'em back again, I only did it to try ye you'll do. I believe I've got a sensible fellow at last." He had evidently come where one was wanted. A MERMAID IN CHARLESTON.—A practical joke was recently played off in Charleston upon the credulous portion of the population. It was reported that a mermaid" had been washed ashore by the high tides, had been captured, and taken to a certain drug store in the town. In consequence the druggist's doors were, in less than half an hour, besieged by crowds of freedmen and a few white visitors, determined to see the wonderful though apocryphal denizen of the deep." By the time the whole city was agog, a wag rushed into the crowd with the story that the pilot-boat Wild Cat had just come in with a message from outside, stating that unless the mermaid was brought and delivered over the bar to her family within twenty-four hours, there would be dreadful doings in the city of Charleston at the ex- piration of that time. Same of the freedmen proposed a rescue, and the crowd at last became so furious and threatening that the proprietor of the establishment was compelled to ask for a squad of policemen to protect his premises. Sen' de gal home Sen' de gal home! was the general shout of terrified darkies and it re- quired considerable persuasion to convince them that it was a fish story." GIVING AN ARTIST A STARTLING LESSON.— Photographs of the Sultan are now plentiful as black- berries, and this apparently trivial fact is suggestive of somewhat strange reflections. The Sultan's carte de visite could not have been put into circulation without a visit, in the first instance, to the studio of a photo- grapher. He must have been focussed to begin with. All our preconceived notions of the" Arabian Nights," AI Coran, and the Sublime Porte are scattered to the winds by the idea of the Disderi or the Claudet of the period levelling his lens at the Grand Turk, placing his Imperial limbs in a constrained attitude, bidding him repose his august head in an iron socket attached to an upright, arranging the folds of his pantaloons and the skirts of his surtout, and enjoining him to assume an engaging smile and fix his eyes upon a polyanthus pinned to a curtain as a point de mire. Now, quite steady. if you please." The operator takes out his watch and coolly counts off the seconds on the dial; and the Successor of so many Decapitators has his own head taken off before he can say Bismillah." It was not thus the old Soldans understood the art of taking off heads. Is there not a story of one of the Amuraths, who maintained an Italian painter in his service ? He allowed the artist to paint, in his leisure moments, for private patrons and he visited his studio one day when the Giaour was employed on a picture of the decapitation of St. John the Baptist, for some Catholic Church at Constantinople. "Muscles of the neck all wrong," murmured the Caliph. He bade the Bostandji-Bashi, a slave, and the executioner, who, in acknowledgment of his services, was always retained on the establishment, approach. Kneel," said the Sultan to the slave. The slave knelt. Strike! con- tinued his highness to the headsman. A scimitar flashed, and a head rolled on the carpet of the studio. Hold the dog's head up," pursued the illustrious amateur; and as the Bostandji-Bashi held up by the ears the gory sphere-" There," concluded the Sultan Amurath, that's the way in which the muscles of the neck would appear." The painter speedily requested permission to return to his own country, but he died- we believe of bronchitis—before his passports could be made out. IRISH HUMOUR.—In Anecdotes of the Upper Ten Thousand," we have the following Our boys," said Mr. O'Fladgate, those that drive the public cabs, are very quick in their replies, and have a vast deal of cunning as well as low wit about them; they always get more than the fare if they can. I gave one of these spalpeens his shilling fare one day, so he held the shilling- in his open hand, as if he was speculating on it, when, in a sly undertone, as if as much to himself as me, he said: 'IFaith, it's not putting me off with this ye'd be, if ye knowed all.' My curiosity was awakened, well up to these rascals as I am. What do you mean 1' said I. Oh, faix, that 'ud be telling, an' this ain't enough' (still appearing to contemplate the shilling in a specula- tive spirit). Well, there's another shilling, ye black- guard now what's the matther ? What do ye mean, ye divil's imp, by saying, if I but knew all ?' I Och sure, didn't I dhrive yer honour the last two miles with the devil a linch-pin in the whale ?' As he uttered the last word he leaped up on his cab with the activity of a kangaroo, and leered at me most provokingly as he drove away. At one time," continued Mr. O'Fladgate, I had in my stable a beautiful pair of carriage horses, and my coachman having won his discharge by an irre- pressible inclination to whisky, I was on the look-out for a boy to drive them. We call all drivers boys, between the ages of sixteen and ninety. Well, be me faith, though I say it that shouldn't, my wages are better than common, so I had fifteen applications for the vacancy. It will be more amusing to you, perhaps, if I tell you what my boy, or coachman, told a friend of mine was the way in which he contrived to make himself the successful candidate. Augh be me faith, yer honour,' my selected boy said, I there were as many as fifteen of the boys after the place, and the first that wint up to the masther got axed the following question: Now, my man," says the masther, "tell me," said he, "and no lies, how near the edge of a precipice would you undertake to dhrive my carriage without throwing me over?" So the boy consithered, and, scratching his head, accompanying it with a lift of his breech, as yer honour knows the like of us always does, he says, says he, "Within a fut, plase yer honour, and no harm." Very well," says the masther, go down," says he," and I'll give ye yer answer by-and-by." Up comes another boy, the masther asks him the same question. Drive, yer honour how near the edge of the precipice ? why, bedad, within half a fut, and niver a mistake." The next boy what came up says, in answer to the same question, Within five inches, and, by all the bones of all the saints of holy church, not a bit of danger whatsomever Then the next boy as came up—augh he was a dandi- fied chap intirely, and augh so mighty illigant; so says he, he says, says he, I'd drive yer honour's honour within three inches and a half, and not upset ye I'd go bail to do it." Well, at last my turn came, yer honour; and when his honour axed me how nigh I would dhrive him in his carriage to the brink of a preci- pice, I says, says I, with a slap on my thigh, "Plase, yer honour, bedad, I'd keep as far off to as I could not within a mile on it, and no mistake." You're the boy for my money," says his honour, and with that he puts me up directly.
AGRICULTURE.
AGRICULTURE. 1 THE CATTLE PLAGUE. We regret extremely, says the Field, having to report a serious outbreak of cattle plague. The almost total immunity from this disease which has prevailed during the. past few weeks led many to hope that we had seen the last of it. The Government appear to have been equally sanguine, for stock markets are again open in many places. It is peculiarly unfortunate for the public that the outbreak is only too likely to put a stop to an experiment of great importance to the country—viz., the utilisation of London sewage. The Sewage Company, on their farm at Barking, under the management of Mr. J. C. Morton, were, until this lamentable outbreak, converting sewage into milk, by means chiefly of Italian rye-grass, cut four or five times in the season, supplied to some 300 cows and we cannot doubt that this scheme would prove fairly remunerative, and show the farmers in the locality how the sewage may be employed. Mr. Morton has published extracts from his diary, from which we shall make a few notes in order to explain the probable cause of this alarming outbreak. It is not assuming too much toUstate broadly that the disease came, as of old, from the Metropolitan Market; that, notwithstanding the regulations and provisions, it forced its way beyond the metropolitan district. It was known to have appeared in the locality, and every means that prudence or knowledge could suggest were adopted as prevention. One or two false alarms in- creased the anxiety of the manager. The disease first appeared in the home sheds, set apart for animals that were fit for the butcher, and which were most liable to have disease communicated to them by being inspected aud handled by him. From thence the disease might have been transmitted by the attendants before it was discovered. Not a cow was bought after the middle of May, and the cows first attacked had been on the farm since January, were in good condition, nearly dry, and preparing rapidly for the butcher. Their daily food consisted of half a bushel of distillers' grains, 31b. to 41b. barley meal, 51b. or 61b. of hay, and nearly 1 cwt. of grass. Some of the other cows were entirely on the grass, and some received in addition barley meal and cotton cake. The grass was in all cases fully grown and thoroughly wholesome. The attendants slept in bed rooms over the sheds, and, until the ap- ance of disease, the animals were perfectly healthy, and thriving extremely well. Mr. Morton shows clearly that the presence of the disease is not traceable to the virus being brought in the sewage, or in any way attributable to the sewaged grass, which, as we can fully attest, forms both wholesome and nutritious diet. He men- tions that in calving down 120 cows, only one died from paralysis, and that the two or three other deaths were owing to inflammation, caught during the severe and sudden changes of weather in April and May. At the time of Mr. Morton's report, 111 cows remained healthy, whilst 127 had been handed over to the veteri- nary inspector, and mostly slaughtered. Mr. Morton mentions that so rapidly does the sewaged grass grow at certain seasons, that nine tons per acre of green stuff have resulted from twenty-two days' growth yet, cut with the seed-stem appearing, this is wholesome, thoroughly developed grass, which is greedily devoured by the cattle. The best test of this is to bite the lower portion of the stem, which will be found to contain a large quantity of sugar. We trust that the measures so promptly adopted may restrict the attack to its present serious limits, and that the experiment begun so well, and so full of importance to the public, may be re- sumed. WHEAT, OATS, AND BARLEY, AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS. Mr. Goddard, of Griukle-park, Redcar, writes The question has often been asked by the uninitiated in farming matters how wheat, oats, and barley may be distinguished when in their young state, and before the shooting of the ear shows the approach of maturity. If addressed to a farmer, he will at once speak of the differences in colour, in the breadth of the blade, and in the mode of growth generally^—differences which, however manifest to the experienced eye, are unintelli- gible to the novice. He may turn in perplexity to the scientific botanist, only to be told that the peculiarities the farmer has mentioned are not definite enough for botanical distinctions; that the colour may be affected by the soil, by the manure applied, and by other causes and that it is impossible to describe how broad a blade should be to enable all who wish to distinguish wheat from barley. This difficulty is very commonly felt, and is one through which all young agriculturists have to pass until experience come to their aid. "The following characteristics are, I believe, sum- ciently definite to satisfy the botanist, and simple enough to be remembered and used by all:— If a stalk be taken from an oat plant, and one of the leaves bent backwards, a shining membranous tongue, called the ligule, will be seen projecting up- wards, just where the blade leaves the portion of the leaf that embraces the stem. This being observed, a barley plant may be noticed, and it will at once be seen that from each side of the base of the ligule small horn-like processes proceed, which clasp the stem; these are from one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch long, of a lighter colour than the rest of the leaf, while their extremities overlap. If wheat now be compared with barley, the exterior edge of these horns will be found to be fringed with hairs, fine, indeed, yet distinctly visible to the eye if held against the light. It will be asked if these distinctions are constant. I can only say that several good botanists, whom I have requested to observe, believe them to be so and that, having carefully examined crops both in the north and south of England, and also grown many of our widely- differing varieties of the common cereals, and [several of the distinct foreign species of wheat, as well :as the Highland bere, I am of the same opinion. I have noticed the same peculiarity to be common in most, if not all, of the wild barleys; while with the wild species of the genus Triticum there seems more deviation from the cultivated type. These characteristics may be traced from the time the plants put forth their third or fourth leaf until the ear is shot, when the horns will be found to shrivel gradually, the hairs upon those of the wheat falling first. I am not aware that this has been noticed before."
THE ALBERT MEMORIAL CHAPEL.
THE ALBERT MEMORIAL CHAPEL. Of the monuments which have been erected in memory of his late Royal Highness the Prince Consort, few will possess so great an interest to the public as that now in course of completion above the burial-place of the prin- cipal monarchs of Great Britain at Windsor Castle. Most visitors to the palace are familiar with Cardinal Wolsey's Chapel, a building at the east end of St. George's Chapel, from which it is separated by a covered way leading to the cloisters. It was originally erected by Henry VII. as a burial-place for himself and his suc- cessors, but not used, and Cardinal Wolsey obtained a grant of it from Henry VIII., and he began to prepare it as a receptacle for his remains; but upon his disgrace it again reverted to the Crown. Charles I. intended to fit it up as a mausoleum, but troubles interposed, and after James II. had converted it into a chapel the windows and decora- tions were destroyed in a popular commotion caused by the King entertaining the Pope's Nuncio. Even- tually the present Royal cemetery was constructed beneath it, leaving the chapel itself empty and unoccu- pied. It is now being converted into a most interest- ing memorial of the late Prince Consort, and the decora- tions are being contributed by and at the expense of the Princes and Princesses of the Royal family. The gracefully-formed roof, with its beautiful arched work, has been covered with a magnificent mosaic ceiling, said to be the finest in Europe for its size. Around the sides of the chapel the plain glass windows have been re-filled with stained glass depicting events in the life of the Prince. On the west wall the panels are being filled with mosaic pictures of the sovereigns and celebrated persons whose history is intertwined with that of Windsor. When finished (13 are already up), the scenes will com- prise portraits of Henry III., Edward III., Edward IV., Henry VII., Jane Seymour, Earl of Lincoln, Duke of Suffolk, Henry VI., Henry VIII., Charles I., George III.' James II, Lord Hastings, Marquis of Worc.ster,A ch- bishop Bembridge, M. A. de Dominis, Matthew Wren, Bruno Ryves, Beauchamp, Wykeham, Wolsey, Dean Unswick, Bishop Turner, Bishop Robinson, Bishop Douglas, Archbishop Sutton, and others. Baron Triquiti is to cover the walls beneath the windows with marble inlaid work, the subjects being of a scriptural character. Four of these large panels are at present being exhi- bited, by permission of her Majesty the Queen, in the Paris Exhibition. The panel contributed by his Royal Highness Prince Leopold has for its subject David and Saul; that by Princess Louise, a scene from the life of Moses on the panel given by Prince Arthur, David is shown with his harp, while Princess Beatrice has pre- sented a picture of Nathaniel. Above each panel is a medallion portrait of the contributing Prince or Princess, sculptured in white marble. There are appropriate in- scriptions attached to each panel. These precious works of art, upon the closing of the Exhibition, will be placed upon the walls of the chapel.
HINTS UPON GARDENING.!
HINTS UPON GARDENING. ♦ WORK FOR THE WEEK.—We extract the following valuable hints for the fruit-gathering period from the Field :-Insect vermin are likely to pay great attention to fruit and fruit tree foliage during the present month, and must be sharply looked after. Wasps must be ex- terminated, or they may do much damage. Red spider does more damage than any in the end, in consequence of destroying the health of the foliage or lungs of the peach, or any other plant it may infest. Syringing is a good remedy, but not the poor inefficient syringings which are generally given. Usually not one-fourth the necessary amount of water is supplied; often a few marks on the brown and dusty foliage indicate how poorly the syringer has done his work. But to exter- minate red spider and keep the leaves in a beautiful green and glossy condition, it is necessary that a dense, strong, but gentle stream from the water-engine should rush over the surface of every leaf, and sweep away red spider and every other impurity. We say the engine, because labour with the best of syringes is so tedious and so awkward. They are only fitted for sprinkling budding plants in spring, seedlings, and things of that description. Wherever peaches have to be grown, either indoors or out, there should be an effective garden engine. Every peach wall should be syringed both ways on the same day. This is all the more necessary in dry districts, but even in moist and genial ones it will be be- neficial, and is practised at Lord Charlemont's place near Dublin, where the peach is grown as well on open walls as we have ever seen it. It is worthy of note that sulphur is an efficient destroyer of red spider, and that the famous peach- growers of Montreuil use that only, and not the syringe. The gathering of fruit will now occupy much attention, and it requires a good deal more nicety than is generally supposed. It should never be pressed with the finger to ascertain if it is ripe, as such pressures will become decayed when the fruit is stored. The best way to ascertain if a fruit is ripe is to lay the hand gently under it and raise it upwards a little, when, if ripe, the stalk will part from the stem. All choice and good fruit should be handled as carefully as fresh eggs, and carried in shalla wand convenient baskets to the fruit room. This structure, or that which answers for it, should be prepared for the fruit harvest at once. Strawberry plantations may be made from runners potted during July and the early part of August. In selecting new strawberries do not forget Sir Joseph Paxton, for it is one of the best and most useful kinds ever raised. Some cabbages should be sown for spring use. Plant out on a warm border the lettuces sown last month. On warm soils in mild parts it is not too late yet to sow turnips, Tripoli onion and prickly and Flanders spinach, if this has not been already done. Celery should be earthed up in dry weather only. Mushroom beds should now be made in succession. Potatoes which show signs of maturity should be stored. The bulb catalogues are coming out, and should be examined for the best and cheapest hardy species, as these add a marvellous beauty to the garden in spring, and should be in every place.
IMPUDENT GAME PROSECUTION.
IMPUDENT GAME PROSECUTION. At the Huddersfield Police-court, Elliott Lees, of Lockwood, was summoned for trespassing in pursuit of game," on moorland in the occupation of Mr. J. E. Dowse, at Marsdon. A gamekeeper named' Schofield and another man said that on the 20th of August they saw the defendant on the moors at Buckstones, near the boundary. He had a dog with him, and called out to it, "Hey, Raglan." He was a mile from the highway, but they did not get to him until he was in the road. The dog was a retriever and setter, half-bred. The man had no gun with him. Defendant denied that he had been in search of game. He was one of a party of twelve who went in a conveyance to Buck- stones, and he went to the highest point of the moor, whilst most of the others went to the reservoirs. He did not know that the dog was coming with him until he had got a quarter of a mile on the way, and then he gave him his billycock hat to carry, and it was carrying the hat when he met the gamekeeper. He called a witness who corroborated this statement. Mr. Wright Mellor, the chairman, asked if the gamekeeper pressed the case. The keeper said he did. Mr. Beau- mont (the other magistrate) remarked that defendant was not in pursuit of game in the meaning of the Act. Police-sergeant Sedgwick informed the bench that the defendant was as repectable a man as any in Lockwood. Mr. Wright Mellor said his opinion really was that there was no intent to search for game. Mr. Beaumont said, he did not think there was any pursuit of game in the meaning of the Act. Mr. Wright Mellor suggested that the case should be withdrawn. The gamekeeper main- tained silence. Mr. Wright Mellor I suppose you have no objection to withdraw it on payment of expenses ? Gamekeeper No. The defendant was then ordered to pay 14s., the expenses.
,OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE LAST…
OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE LAST MOMENTS OF THE EMPEROR MAXI- MILIAN. The Official Gazette of Vienna publishes the following letter, written by a gentleman who witnessed the execu- tion of the Emperor Maximilian When, on Wednesday, at six o'clock in the morning, the condemned went out from the convent of the Capucines, the Emperor, crossing the threshold, turned back and said to Ortega, his counsel, "What a beautiful sky that day is such as I wished the day of my death should be." They were all of them dressed in black. Each of them got in a carriage with a priest. These carriages, escorted by 4,000 soldiers, took the road leading to the Surra de la Campana, a hill at a little distance from the town of Queretaro. It was at one hundred steps from that point that the Emperor had surrendered on the 15th. The con- demned alighted at the spot where they were to be executed. The Emperor shook off the dust covering his clothes his deportment was resolute, he carried his head high. He asked who were the soldiers chosen to shoot him he gave an ounce of gold to each of them, and requested them to aim at his chest. The young officer who was in command of them went to the Emperor, expressed to him how much he feared that the Emperor should die bearing ill-will to him, while, on the contrary, he disapproved from the bottom of his heart the mission he was compelled to perform. Muchacho (young man) answered the Emperor, the duty of a soldier is to obey. I thank you for your pity, but I request you to fulfil the order given to you." Then the Emperor advanced towards Miramon and Mejia, embraced them with affection, telling them, "We shall soon meet again in the other world." The Emperor, who was between them, addressed Miramon thus General,- Sovereigns admire also the brave men, and before dying I will give you the place of honour." Then he turned to Mejia, and said to him, General, what has not been rewarded on this earth shall be rewarded in heaven." Mejia was the most dejected among them. A few minutes before he had seen his wife carrying his child in her arms, and her chest naked, wildly running through the streets as if a prey to madness. The Emperor, making a few steps forward, pro- nounced with a clear voice and with a remarkable sere- nity, the following words Mexicans The men of my blood and of my origin, the men animated with sentiments such as mine, are designed by Providence for founding the happiness of nations or for dying as martyrs. When I came to you I had not a single concealed thought. I came after having been requested to do so by well-meaning Mexicans, by those who sacrifice themselves to-day for my adopted country. On the moment of departing from this world, I carry away with me the consolation of having done nothing but good to the extent of my strength, and of not being abandoned by my beloved and trustful generals. Mexicans may my blood be the last that shall be shed; may my unhappy adopted country rise up again!" Then the Emperor moved back a few. steps, ad- vanced one of his feet, raised his eyes to the sky, put his right hand on his breast, and quietly waited death. Miramon took a paper from his pocket, slowly glanced on the 4,000 soldiers as if he were still their general, and said Mexican soldiers! Fellow citizens You see me here as a man sentenced to death for treason. At a moment when life has already ceased to belong to me, when I shall be no more in a few minutes, I declare to you all, before the world, that I was never guilty of treason against my country, I fought for order, and it is for that cause that I succumb now, but with honour. I have sons, but they will never be touchcd by the calumny with which I have been infamously polluted. Mexicans I vivat Mexico vivat the Emperor 11 He pronounced these words with a thundering voice. All hearts were moved, many eyes were filled with tears. Not a single inhabitant of Queretaro assisted at the execution. The streets were deserted, and the houses shut. The bodies were embalmed. It is reported that the Emperor has bequeathed 50,000 thalers to Mira- mon's sons, and has requested his brother, the Emperor of Austria, to treat them like his own children. Mejia has recommended his son to Escobedo, whom he made prisoner several times, whose life he saved more than onoo.,
- ; OUR MISCBLLAWY. -
OUR MISCBLLAWY. ANTIDOTE FOR POISON.-Sweet oil, according to the American Artisan, is an antidote for poison. It says that, "a poison of any conceivable description and degree of potency, which has been swallowed, inten- tionally or by accident, may he rendered instantly harmless by swallowing two gills of sweat oil. An indi- vidual with a very strong constitution should take twice that quantity. This oil will neutralise every form of vegetable or mineral poison with which physicians and chemists are acquainted." IT HAS BEEN ASSERTED that the dollar mark ($) is a contraction for U.S. It has, however, generally been supposed to stand for the figure 8, and to mean eight reals, which was the Spanish dollar from which the American dollar originated. The two parallel lines were drawn across the 8 to distinguish it from the ordinary numeral. There is another origin sometimes given to this design which refers to the old pillar dollar. There were on that coin two pillars or columns con- nected by a scroll, and the $ bears a rude resemblance to this device. NEW DESIGNS AND MATERIALS FOR DRESS. —There is no doubt that the Exhibition has been the means of bringing forward a great many new designs and materials, which fashion will avail herself of. For instance, the very perfect paintings on gauze and Organdy muslins will quickly replace the everlasting laminated gold and silver stripes, of which we are well-nigh tired. The prettiest are those where the painting, or rather the impression, is arranged as a column—notably the red rosebuds with gold foliage, and the blue forget-me-nots with silver foliage. For dinner dress chines will be in request next winter. The newest arrangements are the skirts half moire and half satin, or partly of faille and partly of velvet; a brocaded wreath of flowers sepa- rating the two materials, the heaviest of which, as a matter of course, forms a border to the skirt. Gold, which is now so universally adopted iu bonnets, will be replaced ere long by enamelled ornaments. These frequently produce a truly charming effect; as, for example, on an outdoor costume which was made a few days ago for the youthful Queen of Portugal. It con- sisted of a black silk redingote with a train; it was fastened down the front with small violets in two shades of enamel; these were repeated on the sleeves, and three small bouquets of similar flowers down the front of the bodice. The white bonnet to accompany this toilette was likewise trimmed with enamelled violets. There are a vast number of earrings composed of these enamelled flowers to be seen at the Exhibition, and there is no doubt but that they will also become very popular ere many months have ptssecl.-Piris Corres- pondent of the Queen. GOLDEN HAIR.—The very golden hair so be- loved by the poets and painters of old, is rising in value every day, and we are really puzzled to know from what source it is obtained; speaking generally, the major portion of it comes from the northern parts of Europe, where this coloured hair, or rather light hair, greatly predominates. The only southern country that seems to possess it is Venice, or rather it did at the time of the great artists of the past. Giorgione and Titian rarely painted a female head of another colour Rubens, still later, indulged in this colour, but in this he merely copied the fair locks of the Flemings, who are still famous for the beauty of their golden hair. We do not know if in Venice the same hair is still to be found, or whether, it having possibly been a foreign introduction, it has not disappeared by reason of the mingling of races. The beauty of golden hair by no means depends upon its colour, its quality also far surpasses any other. It is so beautifully fine that a head of hair of this colour contains nearly twice as many individual hairs as are found in a red head. The gradation in bulk, in fact, regularly progresses from the blonde, the most delicate and flowing, to brown, black, and red-the coarsest of all hairs. The flexibility of the fair hair gives that artistic and kindly sweep which the painter loves to depict. The very yellow hair comes from the low countries it is a very different thing from the saffron-tinted, disagreeable looking colour we see in the shop-windows shown as specimens of the result of using dye. The deadness that always dis- tinguishes these wretched attempts to produce artifi- cially this much-coveted colour, is but too apparent. A woman must be weak indeed, or the veriest slave to fashion, who submits to these vile tricks of the hair- doctors and when once the dyeing process has been accomplished, the man or woman is for ever after the slave of the dye. For inasmuch as the hair grows from the root, and not, like a vegetable growth, from its free extremity, of course the dye must be applied day by day, otherwise the hair next the scalp will be of a totally different colour from that on the other portion of the head. Thus the poor devotee of fashion, or of vanity, in an evil moment places his or her charms, or the counterfeit of them, completely at the mercy of the hairdresser and his worthless nostrums. CasselVs Magazine. ORIGIN OF GREAT LONDON BANKERS.— "Aleph," in the City Press, gives the following:— Among modern financial notabilities a few deserve men- tion William Coutts was a canny Edinburgh merchant, whose sons, John and James, came to London, the former at the age of 25, and set up a bank in the Strand. Thomas became his partner, and at his brother's death became the sole proprietor. He frequently gave dinners to the heads of other banking firms. On one occasion a guest remarked, that a certain nobleman had asked for a loan of.E30,000, and been refused. The same night Coutts waited on his lordship, and requested him to call in the Strand next morning. Coutts received his visitor blandly, and offered to discount his accep- tance for the sum required. "But," said the peer, it what security must I give ?" "I shall be satisfied with your lordship's 1. 0. U." XIO,000 was received, and £ 20,000 retained on an open account with the bank. The money was quickly returned, new customers abounded-one of them was George III. The sequel of Coutts's history is well known. The father of the present Lord Overstone was a dissenting minister at Manchester. A member of his congregation, Mr. Jones, half banker, half manufacturer, *had a daughter who became intimate with parson Loyd, and contracted a secret marriage with him. Jones became reconciled to his son-in-law, but, not thinking a preacher's business lucrative, made him his partner. How he prospered need not be told his son is now Lord Overstone. The founders of Barclay and Co.'s house were linendrapers in Cheapside. On Lord Mayor's-day, 1760, George III. paid a state visit to the city. There was a great street tumult; a horse in the state carriage grew restive, and the King and Queen were in danger, when David Barclay (a Quaker) came to the rescue, saying Wilt thou alight, George, and thy wife Charlotte, and see the Lord Mayor's Show ?" Presently David intro- duced his wife, after this manner: "King George of England, Priscilla Barclay, my wife," &c. Barclay was invited to court at the next levee. He attended. "What do you mean to do with your son, John?" asked the King. "Send him to me and I will give him profitable employment." He declined the offer; but John and James became bankers, in Lombard-street. His majesty did not forget the loyal Quaker and his sons. A Lutheran pastor was the immediate ancestor of the Barings. John Baring was a cloth manufacturer, in Devonshire. Leaving a large fortune, Francis, his second son, became a banker. He reaped large profits from Government loans, and was ereated a baronet by Mr. Pitt. He realised a fortune of £ 2,000,000. Alexander Baring succeeded him, and his money operations were the greatest ever effected by a single banker. On one occasion he lent the French Government JB1,000,000, at 5 per cent. He was elevated to the peerage as Lord Ashburton. In 1864 six of the Baring family were in Parliament. Few bankers have attained to the celebrity of the Rothschilds. Nathan came to Manchester with a capital of £84, and by lend- ing small sums at high interest acquired money rapidly. In 1803 he came to London with a fortune of X200,000, and became a member of the Stock Exchange. During the Peninsular war (1810), the Government being pressed for money, he rendered them essential aid. He bought bills at a large discount, made them over to Government at par, and then furnished the money to redeem them. Getting early news of the Duke of Wellington's suc- cesses, his profits were immense. He was present at Waterloo, and, being sure of the victory, galloped off to Brussels, and in a few hours reached Ostend; he gave a fisherman X80 to carry him to Dover, procured swift horses to carry him to London, and (so it was rumoured) gave very gloomy accounts of the English prospects, owing to which a tremendous fall in the funds took place. A panic ensued, then the funds rose faster than they had declined, and by this speculation Roths- child netted £ 1,000,000.
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THE LIVERPOOL borough coroner held no less than five inquests in one day on children who had been suffocated in bed by being overlain by their parents. A JURY HOOTED.-fter the recent trial of Smith for murder at the Liverpool Assizes, as the jury left the box a feeling of dissatisfaction with their verdict was expressed by an immense number of persons pre- sent, who hissed and hooted at them, notwithstanding the protestations of the ushers, whose repeated calls for silence were of no avail,