The Welsh Coast Pioneer and Review for North Cambria

DEGANWY SCHOOLMASTER'S CLAIM. SEQUEL TO A TYPHOID OUTBREAK. ALLEGED BREACH OF WARRANTY IN CONNECTION WITH MILK SUPPLY. JURY AWARD £ 500 DAMAGES. In the CiviJ Court of the Li >.pool Assizes Mr Justico Braiy and a speciai jury, were ooc-u- jktod. far several days in hearing the action in which George Field, a schoolmaster, of Deganwy. sued Margaret 'Ihomas and John William Jdughes, executors of "Emmanuel Jones, of Marl Harm, for damages for alleged breach of war- reuaty in regard to a milk supply. The diefen- tisuius de-nikxi that Ermnauuel Jones gave a ",arrantv or committed any breach of it Mr Horridge, K.C., and Mr Rigby Swift, (instructed by Messrs FiekI, Sons, and llarrit/jro. wore counsel far the pliintiff; and Mr Taylor. K.C., and Mr Outfhbert Smith (uistruo- ted bv Mr J. Hu¡;;j¡ Uoxtway) were •xyimssl for the defendants. 'jU:jf report, of the first throo days hearing ap- peared in our last issued- THE CASE FOR THE DEFENCE. Mr Taylor, on Wednesday, addressing the jury tor the defence, laid emphasis on the fact that no evi- dence had been called to prove that Em- manuel Jones ever attended on his house- keeper, Mrs Thomas, after she came back from the hospital, and there was no evidence that the persons who did attend on Mis Thomas ever handled the milk. There were causes other than the milk supply, -which might be held accountable i'or the outbreak. The neighbourhood was rich in infective powers in relation to typhoid. As late as October, 1903, there had been an outbreak at Llandudno Juuetion, and there were cases there which continued to be infective until April last. The typhoid bacilli discharged from the main sewer at Llandudno Junction might account for anything. When the bacilli dried on the mudbanks of the estuary they could he borne about by the wind, cling- ing to dust particles. Counsel also com- mented strongly on the fact that of the 150 guests staying at the hydro supplied with milk from Marl Farm only one had had typhoid, whereas of the servants—much less likely to drink milk than the hydro guests — no fewer than six had been attacked by the disease. This, he said, was a strong argument in favour of the theory that the drains or some other medium had brought the contamination. Mia Margaret Thomas, one of the defen- dants, was then called. She said she was the housekeeper of the late Mr Emmanuel Jones, at Marl Farm, and had been in his service altogether 'for twenty-eight years. While ibbe was at the hospital Emmanuel Jones, al- though he visited her, never came near to her bed. When she returned to Marl Farm she was attended to by her daughter and a nurse, and Jones did not give any assist- ance. William Little, sanitary inspector, Llan- dud no, said he had found the drains at Wood- lands School in a defective state. FURTHER MEDICAL EVIDENCE. Dr. John David Jones, who attended Mrs Margaret Thomas during her attltck of typhoid fever, at the beginning of the year. when she was in the hospital, said that when she was in the hospital she was visited by the iato Em. manuel Jones, to whom alio acted as housekeeper. rile," W, no r;sl?. of infeoui<n by zhoso vis: -When r?be il9t ?he b?,o6p-ltaA, in ,viarcf), M't?r' Thomas was in a fit and proper condition to be discharged. The only hesitation about her re- moval was on aocou-it of her bodily weakness. Mr Taylor; Ara you an old friend oi Mrs Thcaiias? W itness: No. Is there foundation for the suggestion that you ell{"-rag,d, or are going tv be engaged, or are courting, or paying attention to, at daughter of —None at ali. It is a deliberate he. Witness said he had attended Emmanuel Jones in his iias-t illness, and as he had considerable difficulty in making hia diagnosis Sir James Barr was called in. Witness had satisfied him- eel-f that there was some congestion of the ungs. and Sir James agreed with him on that point- Mr Taylor: Was anything else said by Sir Jajues Barr as to any other possible cause of ibis illness?—No, but I saw him taking samples 0If thje patient's blocd, so I assumed that lue suspected typhoid. Why did you send in to the public health authorities notification that it waa a case of typhoid?—For the sole reason that Sir James Barr took these blood samples. It could do no barm- to notify it as typhoid even if it wore not. VVas it your own personal opinion that it was typhoid ?—No. Witness- added that the day arfter making this notification he received from Sir Jam Barr an intimation that the first of the blood samples had been tested. WITHOUT SHOWING TYPHOID. Witnæ6 then thought he had made a mistake in notifying the case. He heard nothing further from Sir James Barr, and when the patient died, witnes6 made out a death certificate from valvular disease of the heart, typhoid fever, and congestion of the lungs His Lordship: Aithoaight you thought you had made a mistake in notifying the case as typhoid ?—Jtes, I thought I would stick to it (laughter). Witness added that he had wished to avoid the difficulties, the case having been notified1 as typhoid. Mr Taylor: What were the difficulties?—Dr Travis, the medical officer, has to make his re- port to the Registrar-General about the cases. He had my report that it was typhoid, and then he would see the death certificate with no reference to typhoid. Hia Lordship: You could give your explana- tion. There would be no difficulty about that, wouild there. Witness agreed. Mr Horridge: Are you in the habit of putting things in your oeirtificate which aTe not true for the purpose of helping the medical offioer?-No. When you certified, that the patient died from typhoid you honestly believed it to be true?— Lmm Lzle assumption of His lordsL-ip i Did you believe it to be true? did. EXPERT DENIES MILK HYPOTHESIS. Dr A. J. Fuljeirto.il. an expert on typhoid, said he had visited Marl Farm, the Woodlands School, and Llandudno Junction. Neither the outbreak at tie school or th-0 Neville Hydro presented the -appearance of a milk outbreak- Coansidered one by one almost every case was against the irciilk hypothesis. The usual cha-rac tens ties of a milk outbreak, he said, were that the Qnoot was sudden, the coarse comparatively short, and the termination abrupt. In ordinary outbreaks maire, going about, in a greater degree and being more ex- posed to cha;noe infection, were more likely to -Lilk out- .?3? by tli-e dc-euse, but in n brell.:s tibe iiifec-L",on Loo-ng -in the bor-ie, the ,-)rop<jrtion & ?e??cs attacked was ro- .tl-y bi_-her. In milk cutbreajs, I moreover, the cases were generally less severe, and there was a smaller proportion of oontact or secondary oases. If the milk sup- plied to tlie Woodlands school was contaminated a large number of cashes would have occurred. as aid the inmates drark the same milk. Witness connected the outbreak at the school with the epidemic at Llandudno Junc- tion, which commenced with a case notified on November 6th, 1908, and concluded with a case notified on Juno 20th of this year. He linked them all together as one outbreak. The cause, he believed, was the condition of the foreshore of the riverlin the neighbour- hood of the Junction. He had had a good deal of experience in the matter of the in- spection of tidal estuaries contaminated by typhoid, and oil I a, he had re- .Y 81X yea,s 10 porte(i on a tvphoid '?-ever outbreak at a place where tfe conditions were entirely similar to those in the present case. In a tidal estuary, where the foreshore was ex- posed twice daily, a fine sludge, which might contain a greater or lesser degree of typhoid bacilli brought down by the outfalls, was deposited on the foreshore, and when the sludge dried the particles, with the bacilli clinging to them, were blown about. In such towns as Newhaven, Southend-on-Thames, and Chichester—where, from his own experi- ence, these conditions were constant-typhoid was endemic. POSSIBLE DANGER FROM MUSSEL- BEDS. Further, witness stated that there were mussel-beds near the outfall in Conway town. Children who went down to collect mussels, and dabbled their fingers in the mud, might get the infection. The incidence of typhoid at the hydro—where only one out of 150 guests was affected, while six of the servants were attacked-was another proof that milk was not the cause of the outbreak. Mr Horndge: Is there any reasonable pos- sibility of typhoid being communicated through house drains?—Under certain con- ditions I might say that the idea is not ex- ploded. In saying so I am not giving my own opinion. Is it reasonably possible in certain cases? —In certain cases it is distinctly possible that ty-phoid fever can be connected with defective drainage. Witness also stated that unless the germs came up from the sewer the condition of the drains at the school could not produce typhoid. Mr Horridge: It is a serious thing to damn the Conway in this way. Do you realise that ?- Yes. Do you know the force of the current there? —No. Have you inspected any of the outlet flaps r —No. Or seen the mussel-beds in question?- No. Will you take it from me that the mussel- beds are down under the water, where they I can only be got at by going out in boats, so that no children can get amongst them, and that all the outlets only discharge on the ebb tide?—That doesn't affect the question at all. The current, moreover, is six miles an hour out to sea. With these facts before you, have you examined the shore to see whether there is any deposit?—No; I accept the official report of the Fisheries Board and the ordnance map. BOYS AND BACILLI. Dr. Glynn expressed the opinion that the outbreak at the school was not due to milk. His main reason for holding this opinion was that so many boys who drank the milk did not get typhoid. It was difficult to assign the outbreak to any particular cause. Sixty or seventy per cent. of typhoid cases were never accounted for. Witness proceeded to state that he was familiar with the Conway, knew the out- falls, and had seen the mussels dragged up, and left lying about the shore. That, he thought, was a possible cause of the out- break. It was pointed out that the school was a mile away. To this Dr. Glynn replied that the boys might go to the bacilli as well as the bacilli to the boys (laughter). Beys were in the habit of wandering about, and so were bacilli (more laughter). Mr Taylor: An estuary of this kind is a real source of danger?—A recognised source of danger. Replying to another question, witness said that if there were bacilli in the sewers and the trapping of the drains was defective, there would be no difficulty about their get- ting into a house. ALL ESTUARIES INFECTIVE. Dr. Nathan Raw said that it was impos- sible to determine one way or another what was the cause of the outbreak, but he thought the circumstances were against the milk theory. Mr Taylor: Do you think the Conway estu- ary is a likely source of infection ?—It is well- known that many estuaries are infective, especially in autumn. His Lordship: Do you go so far as to say that Llandudno is a dangerous place to stay at during autumn? (laughter).—^Oh, no. Mr Horridge: Do you say the same of the Mersc.vl.v. w. Mr Taylor: Well, there is typhoid in Liver- pool sometimes. Unless drains were absolutely air-tight organisms might enter them anywhere, wit- ness said. The latest researchei showed that it was possible for organisms to pass through defective drains into a house. On Friday morning Counsel addressed the Jury. Mr Taylor called special attention to the conflict oi opinion among the medical experts, and emphasised the fact that fresh oases of typhoid entirely unconnected with milk supply occurred at Liandudno Junction in March and April was stronglly in favour of the argument that the cases at Deganwy originated other- wise than from milk con.t amination. Mr Horridge, for tho plaintiff, claimed that it had been clearly proved that the milk from Marl Farm was the cause of the outbreak at the W ooàs. JURY'S VERDICT. His Lordship, in summing up, stated that the jury could take it that trie re was a warranty by Emmanuel Jonee tJht. the milk he suppued was l-easoaably fit 14ar consumption. He put the following questions to the jury, which they answered as stated: Did the plain- tiff, his daughter, OT the boy Wood, or one of them, got typhoid fevc-r owing to the milk sup- plied by Emmanuel Jones having become in- fected with typhoid germs?—Yes. Wao the oasa of Mra Field a direct or con- tact cas»3 ?—Contact- What pecuniary damage has tho plaintiff sustained'!— £ 500. Do you award any, and what, su:n for pain and sufIering l—JSo. Did the plaintiff sustain any, and what, l-oss from death of Mrs Field V—No. At tho request of Mr Taylor the jury were asked to specify iyhwt amount they awarded for loss of profits. The Jury fixed this amounl at £160. Mr Taylor, applied for a stay of execution for 14 days, but his Lordship refused this, although be obtained an undertaking" from tihe plain-tiff's so lienor that he would not pant with the £ 500 for 14 da;,s, in which period Mx Taylor could make tuij application. Judgment was then entered. His Ijordship. in view of the length of the ease, intimated tlhat the membars of the jury would be exemptod from service on any jury for six years- A Juryman: Does that include coroner's i u ? Tlie Associate: We are all liahle to that

FAMILY FREED FROM DISEASE. Zani-Buk Relieves 5 Children in one Family from Shocking Scalp bores. A typical example of the extraordinary "whole- sale cures effected by Zam-Bnk recently in single districts where eczema and similar virulent skin and scalp diseases have run riot is furnished by Mib M. Goldsmith, of 23, Desford Road, Canning Town, London, E. A pressman who visited her learns that Mrs Goldsmith's five children, Ernest (14). George (12), Arthur (10), Fred (7), and Daisy (5), all suffered for many weary months from shocking scalp sores. "Arthur started fir»t with ringworm on his head, Mis GokLsmith stated. "The ringworm turned to nasty running sores which spread all ove'r the b?ol?'Li 1-ad? Cine alt,?r a.-i<),ther -Ciie other c w,hl'e,.h in a few we,-I?Cs ght tlit J.4 ,Idreii cau l,ac'L eaton alrno-A ail ;'?cir llair -ivar. Ti)eyhad,' of coui,&!?,, to ..tay av;ay ii-eni sc?ho?,1. I covered each child's bsad with some cheap ointment I got from the chemist, but this was quite useless. The poor children were in constant pain and almost disilraoicd me by their crying and moan- ing. There was very little sleep at night for any of us, a.nd in the daytimo I g'ot scarcely any reet at all. "At last I took the four boys to the London General Hcspital, where they received every attention. The hospital ointments and medicines however, had no good effect, and after a long I trial the doctors told me there was no cure pos- sible except by X-Rays- I didn't know what to do, but I could see nothing else for it than to let t.he children go under the X-Rays. day my husband came home and told me he had heard that Zam-Buk was a splendid thing for curing skin diseases. We talked it overo and decided, before consenting to the X-Rays treatment, to try t,ii is balm. We watch- ed anxiously to see what effect Zam-Buk would: have, and were delighted to notice an early im- provement in all the children. I first washed tihedr heads with Z&m-Buk Medicinal Soap, and when they were dry I smaaxed Zam-Buk over all tlie sore places. Zam-Buk soothed the children and they stopped crying. At night, too, we all got good sleep. "I had no further anxiety about the children having' to be operated on after I started with Zam-Buk- This rare balm worked wonders! The sores on each child dried up and the scabs that formed peeled away easily. A new skin then appeared and the hair grew again. All the children were cured b; this mag'ic Zam-Buk, and all are back at school with clean scalps and splendid heads of hair. The neighbours know of these wonderful cures and are astonished that anything could have cured such bad cases-" Zam-Bu.k, the woaderful balm which brought unexpected happiness into the Goldsmith home, 18 rm-It' .sold by c?i-e at ls l?'?d,, 2- 9d, or 4is &d a box. or is obtainable direct at the same prices from the Zam-Buk Co., 45, Cow Cross Street, London, E.C.

WEATHER OBSERVATIONS AT BETT W SY COED. For week ending Saturday, November 27th, 1909. Mean miximum (in shade) qz.8 Mean minimum (in shade) 31.2 Highest in shade 47. Lowest in slhade 26. Maximum in the sun 83. Lowest on the grass 23. Bright sunshine (9 hrs- 42 mins.) Mean amount of cloud (per cent-) 52. Observer: DR. HUGH WATSON FOX.

The Marquis of Northampton, while walking down Piccadilly, London, an Saturday, was robbed of a valuable fold watch and chain, with some gold trinkets attached. The watch is valued at £ 50, and the chain md ornaments tt

LLANRWST URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL rIG MARKET SITE ONCE MORE. ANOTHER CHANGE OF ViEWS. RIVERSIDE IMPROVEMENTS: MORE MODERATE SCHEME SUGGESTED. A special meeting of this Authority was held on Friday evening, at the Town Hail, Mr H. J. W. Watling, J.P., presided, and there were also present: Mr T. Rogers Jones (vice-chairman), Dr. Huw Williams, Messrs W. Hughes, J.P., W. j. W*I, iia.,us, J.P., E. -in Mills, J.P. D. J. AVilliams, A Iiiighes, -d J. Wi'i'liam?,witliiNIr T. Latimer JoDes ?clerk), G. Wynne (surveyor), E. M. Jones (rate col- lector), and T. R. Jones (captain of the Fire Brigade). THE LATE COUNCILLOR A. PARRY. At the commencement of the proceedings, the Chairman referred to the loss sustained by the Council, and the town, by the death oi Mr A. Parry. He said their late comrade was a man of the most cheerful tempera- ment, his good humour having the inestim- able value of being contagious,and exercising a soothing effect upon those he came in con- tact with. He moved a vote of condolence with his mother, wife, and family, in their sad bereavement. Mr W. Hughes, in seconding the motion, endorsed the sentiments expressed by llie Chairman, and the motion was carried ID i s4-ap sile _e, all the meinber. dir), It was further resolved that the Co iiic" and the of!7icials a,tend the interment, ,Ln,l to provide a suitable wreath, to be prepared hv Mr G. Chisholm, as a small tribute to ihe memory of the deceased. THE PIG MARKET QUESTION AGAIN. In accordance with notice, Dr. Huw Wil- liams moved that the following resolnti jus be rescinded:—(a) The resolution passed at the meeting of the Council held on the 1st June last, as follows: "That the Council do not further entertain the question of pur- chasing a site for the purpose of a pig market, 1 but to proceed to have some portion of a street paved for such a purpose; and (b) the resolution passed at the meeting of the Coun- cil held on the 10th September last, adopting Station-road as the site for the weekly sales of pigs. The mover contended that in face of the correspondence with the Board of Trade, it was necessary to rescind the resolu- tion not to purchase a site, as they would have to provide one sooner or later. Ho did not, however, contemplate the puichase of a site at present, but to rescind the restrictive resolution then in force. He wished the Council to be free to proceed with the pur- chase should occasion arise. Alderman W. J. Williams: Was Section B. of the motion included in the original mo- tion ? The Chairman Yes, as we have already ad- opted that site. Alderman W. J. Williams: B-ut Mr Rogers Jones has a notice of motion on the agenda to utilise that very site. Dr. Huw Williams: That motion is to spend £ 102 10s in paving the site with York- shire, cubes. I protest against such a waste of the ratepayers' money on a site lik ely to be condemned in the near future. Mr E. Mills: It is quite time we settled this question finally. The Chairman: We thought that we had already done so. iAIr E. Mil', W? tons siib- ?s Ily are these iiio mitted to us then? Mr John Williams: The tar paving of the Station-road site will not debar us from pur- 'chasing a site at any future period. Mr A. Hughes: The expenditure of X102 10s on a temporary site is out of all reason, and cannot be contemplated for a moment. The Chairman If the motions are adopted they will not necessarily do away with the present site as the Council still retain the right to adopt that site or any other. Alderman W. J. Williams: In the absence of Mr Rogers Jones I will move the resolution down on the agenda in his name. The Chairman There is nothing to prevent you, after these motions are settled. Mr D. J. Williams: If the motions are ad- opted, Mr Rogers Jones's motion can still be submitted to us. Mr A. Hughes seconded the motion moved by Dr. Huw Williams, all present voting for it with the exception of Messrs E. Mills and J. Williams. Alderman W. J. Williams moved that Station-road be tarpaved, as suggested by the Surveyor; but that, in case the Inspector expressed dissatisfaction at the method ad- opted, he paved the road with Yorkshire cubes, as recommended by the Board of Trade. The Council, during the last year, had adopted several resolutions relat' e to Iv the pig market, and then rescinded them, thereby becoming the laughing stock of the whole country. In all probability, they would be faced in the near future with an order to clear both cattle and pigs off the streets, and he thought that would be the time to consider the provision of a site to accommodate both cattle and pigs, so that they need not have the markets in sections. Their course was clear, — to tarpave the Station-road, but if the Board of Trade in- sisted on their adopting the other method, they should do so. Mr D. J. Williams: Mr Williams's motion is not in accordance with that which stands in the name of Mr Rogers Jones, which is to proceed with the paving of the Station-road site with Yorkshire cubes, at once. Alderman W. J. Williams: We must tar pave the site in the first instance, in order to have it ready by January 1st, when the order expires. The permanent work can be proceeded with at a more advantageous period of the year. The Chairman: The Surveyor could pre- pare one end with the cubes, and leave a opace at the other end to accommodate the pig carts on market day, so as not to dis- turb it. Alderman W. J. Williams: The Surveyor is ready to proceed with the tarpaving pro- vided the weather is propitious. Mr A. Hughes: Mr Williams's motion is out of order, in the absence of Mr Rogers Jones. The Chairman: In case Mr Rogers Jones does not attend, his motion falls through. Dr. Huw Williams: Why should we discuss his motion? If the site is tar paved, it will his motion? If the site is tarpaved, it will cubes when we are called upon to do so by the Board of Trade. Alderman W. J. Williams: It will prove to the Board of Trade that we are dealing with the matter seriously, and that we have no intention to evade the order. Dr. Huw Williams: I object to the laying of the cubes, as the work would entail a con- siderable outlay. The Chairman: The motion moved by Mr W. J. Williams is to tarpave the site, whereas Mr Rogers Jones advocates the im- mediate laying of cubes. Mr E. Mills: I will second Mr W. J. Wil- liams's motion. Mr W. Hughes: Is the motion in order? It is practically an amendment on Mr Rogers Jones s motion. Can a notice of motion be moved thus amended in the absence of the mover? Dr. Huw Williams: All previous resolu- tions are rescinded, and the Council can now consider any resolution submitted by any member. While this point was under discussion, the Surveyor remarked that he could not proceed with the work unless dry weather pre- vailed. Mr W. Hughes: The resolution to tarpave S' ation-rc,ad ia not rescinded- The surveyor can tarpave the old site without any further resolu- tions, and we will still be in a position to adopt any other Si'te should we dc-em it necessary. Mr D. J. Williams: Practically we have ro site a-t present. At this stage Mr Rogers Jones entered the room. The Chairman Now that Mr Rogers Jones has arrived we can return to his motion. We are at present exactly whe.ro woe stood twelve monthHago. Mr Rogers Jones I understood, that Mr Wynne was to tarpave the s.to ^t once. We have ex- perienced dry weather recently, yet the work has not been commenced. It appears to t e that we are. drifting into difficulties. It is better net to go contrary to tha wishes erf the Boxrd c,f Tr,?,Io -or _i loo we Willi be beforo weare ripe for it, to provide a smith- field- My suggestion ia to confcirju with the re- quirements of the Board of Trade, anid pave tie street wiltii Yorkshire cubes. The opportunity to tar nave the street is lost- (The Surveyor: No). We are now in the middle of wet weather- I formally move "that the Council pavo that part of Station-road now used aa a pig market with Yorkshire cubes to a wid'tih of five feet, aúld at an estima-ted cost of £ 102 10s, as O. commended by the surveyor in his report of the 12th inst." Mr A. Hughes: It is a heavy item, and quite a third of ",bat we would be called upon to P.? .i,y for a site off tl,,D ctrpk,,ts. Dr. Huw VViliia.ms: I move as an amendment that the Station-road site be tar paved. Mr A. Hughes seconded. The Surveyor, in reply to Mr Rogers Jones, said they had not experienced dry weather fox several months. There had been frosty weather. but the roads in consequence had not been dry. Mr Rogers Jonee: Wo must order proper weathe,r it appeal's. We have had a fortnight of dry weather, whether frosty or not- Mr W. Hughes: I understand that tarpaving the road before January 1st will satisfy the inspector- The Chairman: Personally I am against any heavy expenditure on Station-road- In reniy to Alderman W- J. Williams, it was stated that a property Was likely to be placed on the market which would answer the purpose of a pig market site. Mr Mills: But probably the cost would run up to £ 10,000. The Chairman: If you are prepa-red to offer that sum for it I ajn prepared to accept it (laughter). The amendment was carried almost unani. mously. The C-lerk was instructed to report to the Board of Trade that the work of preparing the pig sale site woaOd be procec-ded with immedi- ately. weather permitting. Mr Mills: The clock is striking eight now. So one .hour has gone to the pigs (laughter). FIRE BRIGADE CAPTAIN COMPLIMENTED Mr T. It. Jones reported an outbreak of fire at the New Inn on the previous Tuesday through the upsetting of a paraffin lamp. He observed that as the spirits ignited water wz^s of no avail. He therefore used the climajc extinguisher stored in the Ceunc:tl Chamber, and the flames were extinguished instantaneously. He had had t-1 e extinguisher subsequently recharged- Mr A. Hughes: The captain of the fire brigade is to be highly congratulated on his promptness and presence of mind, as water would have proved useless when the spirits caught fire. The Chairman: It is most satisfactory that the cdimax extinguisher proved so efficacious. Mr A. Hughes: Its effect was absolutely magical. We ought to secure some more of tihejn. Alderman W. J. Williams: The fire had se- cured a good held, with the result that il e building was in gieat danger. The effect < n the extingniaher was simply marvellous. Mr D. J. Williams: There ought to be one at the tire station. Mr A. Hughea: I give notice that I will move at the next meeting that we purchase at least one more to be placed at the service of the fire brigade-. POPLAR GROVE DRAINAGE. The Chairman stated that tthe easement in connection with the oroposed drainage scheme from Poplar Grove to Soowlyn was practically settled. It was estimated that the cost off the sewer would be £ 198, the easement £ 30, and the legal and surveyor's expenses B15, or a total of J3254 15s. It would be necessary to applty to the Local Government Board for sanction to borrow money for the purpose, and M the amount was not large and the case urgent In order to procure work for the unemployed-, it was pro-babie that the Board would gramt the application without the iotxuality of an iDQUiXy. In reply to Mr Rogers Jones, the Cierk stated lie had written to tho railway authorities that the Council desired to run a, sewer under the road near Station House belcng.ng to the compamy. He had not received a definite reply, however, as the official iti charge of the department de- sired to investigate whether the company had any interest in the occupation road lead- ing to Poplaj- Grove. He had afeo served Mr Cadwailadr Roberts, who ihad an interest in the occupation road with a notice of the Council's in In reply to Mr J. Williams, the Surveyor said the sewer would Dot be run under the railway lines. Mr Albert Hughea said th-at tihe district had been neglected too long. He moved that the Council applied to the Local Government Board for sanction to borrow the amount necessary to carry out the work. Mr D. J. Williams seconded. The Clerk I do not know exactly how much will be required until tlie railway company have replied. The. cccup-er of the land requires £ 3 10s for trespass. The Surveyor: It is verv probable that the loan will be sanctioned witJiout an enquiry. 'nie radwiiy c-onipon-y will oni'v -deman,d a TLaininal su.iii. If we b-?rxow ;C??O the who.,e exi-)?ejiw w'I-J be ampl- y co.v exed. It was decided to apply to the Local Govern- ment Board for sanction to borrow J6260. RIVERSIDE IMPROVEMENTS. The G-erk read letters from the clerks of the GeirxMiydd RUl'-JJ Dis.'rict Council and Llan- rhychwyn Pari-oh Council consenting to the Ur- ban District Council carrying out tlie suggested improvements on the riverside from the Old Bridge to the end of the cricket field, provided they were not called to contribute anything to- wards the cost, and that the urban authority keep tlie pa.th in pj-oper repair, and provide an access to the river bed. Alderman W. J. Wiiiiams: We must now ap- ply to the Earl of Carrington for a lease- The Clerk: I have sseu the agent, and lie suggests that we decide upon a scheme to Le submitted to his lordship. The Surveyor: I suggest that you apply for a lease of the whole river from the Old Bridge up to the gate a.t the end of the cricket field. Alderman W. J. Williams: I think the clerk should also write to the goit club asking- them to hand over their rights over the path to us. Mr J. Williams: I do not see what the club has to do with it, It is a matter for the Council and the estate agent. The Clerk: You need not anticipate any diffi- 't 'th the. -olf club. ua -y w" c Aiiderman W. J. Williams: Before we decide upon any scheme I think we ought to meet, the surveyor on the spot and get him to explain his schemes to us there- Mr W. Hugh-es seconded. M'r Mills: Several people are under the ilTh- pression that we had better leave the path as it is. There is 110 sympathy with the scheme, which will not draw a,;ny visitors to the locality. Mr D. J. Williams: The path as it is at ore- sent is not fit to walk upon. Mr A. II ughes: The improvement of the path will not detract in the least from the beauty of its surroundings. The Chairman I suggest that the surveyor c prepares a far less expensive scheme than the one he has submitted; say, that a sum of B50 00 pelilt in cementing it. The Surveyor: When wo meet on the spot I can explain to you the difficulty of making up the path at a small outlay. u w,? ?vir X. 11 -?, When th,e c?)iniriiiteo ni-et on the spot last time it was suggested that £ 70 would cover the outlay. The Chairman: The artists have been scared thinking we are going to make an esplanade on the river side. The. resolution to meet along the river side en the following day was ad-opted- RAILWAY STATION ENTRANCE. On the motion of Mr E. Mills, seconded by Mr W- Hughes, the surveyor was instructed to TJ- ply to the local blacksmiths for tenders for iron rails to replace the broken rails near the plot by the entrance to the station.

YSPYTTY IF AN SHEEP DOG TRIALS. Interesting sheep dog trials took place at Yspy-tty Ifan yesterday week, the arrangements in connection with which were carried out by a committee, of which Air U. S. Jones, Tenybont, was chairman, with Mr R. Owen, Ty'nyporth, as treasurer, and Mr S. W. Jones, Penybont, as secretary. The fixture was held under the presidency of Lord Perrliyu. The adjudicators were Mr T. McGill, Dolwyddelen, and Mr J. H. Parry, Trawsfynydd. Messrs T. J. Roberts and R. J. Parry officiated as starters, and Messrs R. Parry and Owen Hughes undertook the duties of timekeepers. The results were as follows:- Gylehedd Stakes (open), first prize, £ o and a silver cup, given by Lord Penrhyn, and to become the pro- perty of the shepherd who shall win the first prize in Gylehedd Stakes three times: 1, George Barcroit, Scout Moor, Manchester (previous holder of cup); 2, William Roberts, Aber Migneint, Festiniog; 3, William Jones, Tlas Nant, Ty Nant, Corwen 4, William Jones, Plas Nant, Corwen 5, George Barcroft. Dulgynwal Stakes, open to dogs in Carnarvonshire, Denbighshire, and Merionethshne, that have not won a first or second prize in any previous sbow: 1, Evan Jones, "Tyddyn Du, Penmaohno; 2, William Roberts, Brynrwydd, renniachno 3, Robert Robert.s, liafod Ifan, Yspytty; 4, John Roberts, Fotty Bach. Special prize, to the owner of dog or bitch showing the best command in Class II. Evan Jones, Tyddyn Du, Penmachno. The prizes were distributed to the winners by Mr Hugo Trench.

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■■■ 'I inn COLWYN BAY LIBERAL ASSOCIATION. POOR LAW SYSTEM CONDEMNED. CUMBERSOME, COSTLY AND UNSUCCESS* FLL. The Rev. R. Silyn Roberts, of Blaena-u Feat tiniog, lectured on the Poor Law Commission re- port lit a meeting of Colwyn Bay Liberals on Friday evening. He pointed out that ihe Commission of. 1905-9 was apiwinted by a Con- st-:rvatne i.Imistry, and comprised haJf-a-dozen guardians and cx-guaxd:ans, haii-a-dozen mem- "an bers of the Charity Organisation Society, and four big oibcials of tlie Local Government Board cep art meat conoemcd. They unanimously con- demned the principles of 1834, the general mixed wortLhouse and the existing poor law and its adf- imnisura-uon at, nearly every point. They unani- mously recommended the abolition of the Board of Guardians, the abolition of the workhouses, the adoption of the county and county borough area, and by 16 votes to two the transfer of the poor from the jurisdiction of Unions to the County and County Borough Coameiil. This means, said tlie speaker, a general smashing up of poor law as it now exists. In outward- snow much improvement has taken piaoo in re- cent years so much, indeed, that guardians as a; riue failed to see anything wrong with it. They are not generally aware of the fact that it is usual in poor law institutions to put out clean sheets. etc-, not on Sunday, but on whatever day the coramitree of the Poor Law Guardians ;isit the institution! But the system should be tesved on particular points. Take the children not the indoor, about whom the guardians Lre so prone to boast; these number only one-fourth of the whole. But what about the three-fourth who arc maintained on out-door relief? The special investigators of the Commission found them all underfed, under weight, under height, no attention paid to their apprenticeship, jxd from five to 25 per cent. living in immoral and drunken names. What dices the noor law do for the army of vagrants that drift aimlessly from casual ward to casual ward? What does r* D^t,lls!aal? One out of every three that die out of consumption dies in the work- house, and yet the poor-law doctors say they never sec there a curable case- Why? Becau.JO they come there when it is too late." The ou-t- f,001' relief boys get no start in life, so cba« they become van boys, newsboys, etc., and are m the ranks of the unemployed before they are c 25. THE FUNDAMENTAL FALLACY of the present system is that it is only concerned with the rciiief" of destitution, it has no pow- ers to prevent its ooming. What a hopel-csa place a hospital would be if it oould only admit cases where mortification had set in The ore- sent system is also very costly. In 1834 we. were spending out of rates and taxes in the Unit-d li?i gcloni cn Ina' n,, intenarice, iai--d 'e?ai tendance and education of the poorer classes, ail °i_ wert> tlien under Poor Law Authority, about seven millions a year. In 1909 we are spending out of rates and taxes on this samo service nearly seventy millions a year. Out (.f this huge eurii Poor Law Authorities spend nearly twenty millions; other" aUlhori ti-es, educa- tion, health, old age pensions, etc., spend nearly, 'it since 1834 I'BZ? liament has set up a series of new authorities to take up parts of tne work originaJlv done only, by the Poor Law Authority. 'Tho Local IIe«aJtfi Authority has 700 municipal hospitals and a great --er-vice of I)revcntion. F rc.,a -?q 1870 d-at--s t??li-a F-ducat?on Atithor'ty. which "?'W r oor-,?t,r-ols iiot on!,N, schaolin,?- btit medical in? spection e.nd treatment also, and even mainten- ance, for there are fifty residential schools foij neglected children, deaf, mentally defective, etc- ajid school-feeding is going on in about ICO towns. There is also the Local Lunacy A u- thority. the Local Pensions Aut,hority, and the Ixxjal Unemployment Authority in the form of, distress committees and labour exchanges. -lia poor law does not now take under its care (x" elusive..v as much as one section of the pauper host- The natural result is overlapping and duplication. One resectable old person ii helped by guardians and ceases to be a citizen; another is under the Local Pensions Authority, and still remains a Briton. Children in tonia instances are looked after by three or four different authorities, and others fall to the ground ,,ion,g %iI t,'he stoc,1.9. Arnid all this conf a,- -usion no wonder the cost has gone up FROM SEVEN TO SEVENTY MILLIONS sterling. The majority proposes to set up a. new Poor Law Authority, which would obvi- ously perpetuate the overlapping, all the mora if its work Is to be "curative and restorative, and to extend to the necessitous. The specialist authorities would naturally continue to expanq their work and encroach more and more on 11. poor law. No one cam stop the Education, Health, Pension and Unemployment Authon-tiaa The proposed new authority is also undemccratii in its creation and autocratic in its nature. Iht minority propose to foUow up the lines oi evolution in local government; that Î8, -,o :n- pl?,t?, th. ?l-ocass t?hzt?t has beei, -oing on sL*Jy, pe,_ of "tak:n )I)Io out of tdle rx)Gr aw," one S'ectio,i ziftri, anc,thei-; to trane -for tlio citild.= to the Local Education Authority, the sick tudl tho zlged needing institutional care to the LtcaJ Health Authority, the mentally defective to tua Local Lunacy Authority, the iieaithy aged to th« Pensions Authority, and the able-bodied of oJS kinds to the Unemployment Authority. Cilia in the last case which transcends local capaaityi tlie authority would be a National Depart a mi. Thus it is proposed to wind up finally the wnoto business of the popr law- The aim of the ;o commendations of' the Minority Report is to prevent destitution rather than relieve it. The lecturer gave several instances whei« prevention would have been possible, and fa< more humane than relief, -and also much cheaper- "Penny wise and pound foolish" had been the policy of the poor laly throughout the y,L?al.s. The o;uai?d'L?LTis were not ivepoji56ble fol ail t-lif, to ',Il*vr-; tbg ,hoxteoni n,s att?-I evil was inherent in the system. And the onb cure was absolute abolition. If Mr Lloyd George's Budget pafBed into laA and he had no doubt it would sooner or LAter. it would rrn the found.&tion st-- Qf thO nOW fo A syst,eni. On that fo-und-ation wowd be W, ?he tabernwle of God with and tbarik Avould be no more pteveitz,?blo death. n.&e-? r,,orr<)w 'nor crying, por um-teoeloary Pain rnq 14 for the ion? th-ge -ld be" passed away. The Budget nic>t a nun? 'r q-uestion of party pallticg; it was the am?yar a geat and qtron-- huiiian he,%rt tO the wl'i 02 dwntroddon burnwLitY, and -0-rY I;em'IW accW reformer must support it (apphm-&