The Welsh Coast Pioneer and Review for North Cambria

r PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES. (By "Veronica"). MODIFICATION IN PRINTING. It is very useful to the photographer to know that even with the same class of paper, very different prints mav be made from a negative, without any faking." For instance, with any given negative, and any given printing paper, considerable dif- ference may be made in the "softness" or hardness" of the print. If we have an ex- ceedingly dense, hard negative, and are printing, say, on P.O.P., it may take a cou- ple of days in diffused light, and the print will be very hard and contrasty. The same negative, printed on the same paper, in di- rect brilliant sunshine, may take half an hour or forty minutes, and the result will be relatively harmonious. THE EFFECT OF THE PRINTING LIGHT. The example mentioned in the above paragraph gives the general principle which is to be followed. With a dense, harsh negative, print in strong" light; with a soft, flat negative, print in weak light. This is the secret of the great success of the printing under green glass," which was very popular some years ago. The same effect can be obtained by printing in very weak diffused light. Not only with de- light and print-out papers but also with artificial I:alit and development papers, the same general principle holds good. In working bromide, for instance, if it is de- sired to secure softness from a hard nega- tive, it is well to print quite close to a lamp giving a strong light. While, with the same paper, if one wishes to get a relatively plucky print from a fairly soft flat negative. the frame should be removed two or three or more feet from the light. Of course, m the latter case, the time of exposure will be very considerably increased, for the power of the light diminishes inversely as the square of the distance. Thus, if a given negative requires one second at one foot trom the lamp, it will require sixteen se- conds at four feet from the same light. Of course, if the negative printed at one foot is a very dense one, and that printed at four feet is thin, the exposure for the latter will be sixteen times, but perhaps from eight to ten times what is required for the former. < THE INFLUENCE OF THE PAPER Different printing papers have very dif- ferent scales of gradation, so that with a given negative the best possible print on one paper may be hard while the best possible print on another paper mav be soft and flat. It is for this reason that the success of so many photographers depends very largely upon the way in which they control their exposure and their development, to give them negatives capable of producing the prints they want on the particular paper they prefer to use. It is not necessary to mention here all the differences in gradation between the various papers, but for the cur- rent winter time it is perhaps well to remind readers, with regard to bromide, that, gen- erally speaking, rapid papers tend to give soft results, while slow papers tend to give harsh and more brilliant prints. » EXPOSURES FOR S.C.P. The following exposures from the Wel- lington" S.C.P. booklet will be useful not only to users of that paper, but also (as a relative guide) to all "gas-light" paper workers :— To an ordinary (" batswing") gas burn- er, 150 sec. at 6 inches. To duplex paraffin lamp with clear gas chimney, 120 sec. at 6 inches. To 16 c.p. incandescent electric lamp, 80 sec. at 6 inches. To an incandescent burner in good or- der, 50 sec. at 6 inches. To a small acetylene burner, 50 sec. at 6 inches. To diffused daylight, just inside a win- dow (mid-day in spring), i sec. RELATIVE EXPOSURES TO ARTI- FICIAL LIGHT. Often, when working away from home, one may wish to expose a few bromide or gas-light prints to an unfamiliar lamp. Wherefore, the following outline table (given for "Wellington" booklets, just issued) may be useful EXPOSURES AT A DISTANCE OF 18 INCHES. To an ordinary ("batswing") gas burn- er, 6 seconds. To a duplex paraffin lamp with clear glass chimney, 5 seconds. To an incandescent gas burner in good order, 2 seconds. To a 16 c.p. incandescent electric lamp, 3 seconds. To a small acetylene burner, 2 seconds. » » • BRITISH PHOTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL COLOURS. Some months ago. I menti,ned the ex- perimental introduction of the "Thames" plate for single exposure photography in natural colors. There arc now a couple of examples of work made upon this plate to be seen at the exhibition of The Royal Photographic Society, and there is some prot ability of its coming on to the market. # » OUR PATRON, HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. All photographers know that Queen Alex- andra is not only a patron of photographe s, and of the R.P.S., but also an enthusiastic photographer herself. Therefore, I am sure that thev will all supporf the effort made by the Queen and by "The Daily Tele- graph" to raise funds for charitable purposes by the publication of "Photograms from my Camera; Queen Alexandra's Christmas Gift-book130 pages, consisting of repro- ductions of the Queen's pictures, with notes written by herself, may be obtained for 2S 6d, and photographers will doubtless use numbers of these gift books amongst their Christmas presents. » • PORTRAITS YEAR BY YEAR. The current issue of the Royal" Maga- zine gives portraits of one of its readers at every year of age from one to twenty-one, with the first view showing the sitter at three months. Such a record has consider- able interest for the person represented, and many of my readers might make similar sets of studies of their children.

THE "PIONEER" REGISTRY BUREAU. A NEW DEPARTURE. On the 12tih page of the "Pioneer," amongst the small advertisements, will be found an in- teresting1 notice announcing a new departure which we have inaugurated, whereby mistressee will be assisted to find servants and servants to procure situations. All. persons sending an "advertisement to the "Pioneer" for a servant will have aent to them on Friday evening a. list of those servants who are advertising in the "Pioneer" for situations. Mistresses and ser- vants, t be re/ore, will be brooght into quick communication with each other by advertising in the "Welsh Coast Pioneer." No fee will be dhwg.ed either part; begood the ooet of the Atortfeemente.

COLWYN BAY LIBERALS' "SOCIAL." UNEMPLOYMENT: THE DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT. The winter session of the Colwyn Bay Lib- eral Association was opened in the Lecture Hall on Friday evening with a social gathering, which was well attended. Mr J. Crompton, chairman of the com- mittee, occupied the chair, and was support- ed by Miss Crosfield, Miss Sudgen, secre- tary of the Women's Liberal Association, Messrs R. Thomson, J.P., C. E. Elcock and S. Glynne Jones, B.A. It was deeply regretted that Sir J. Her- bert Roberts could not be present to address the meeting. Sir Herbert wrote :— "As you know we are now in the midst of the Committee stage of the Licensing Bill, and most important divisions are tak- ing place every day. The proceedings upon the Bill this week will not terminate until 5.30 to-morrow afternoon, and after full con- sideration, I have regretfully come to the conclusion it is my duty not to be absent from the House during the discussion of the Bill to-morrow. "This decision will make it impossible for me to be present as I had hoped at your first Liberal social gathering. Will you please convey to all friends an expression of my sincere regret at being absent, and ex- plain the circumstances which make it im- possible for me to leave the House of Com- mons. I feel sure that the gathering will prove in every way successful, and that it will be an encouraging prelude to a period of vigor- ous and useful work for Liberalism in Col- wyn Bay." Letters of regret were also read from Mr David Lewis and Mr Gordon Coulter, the latter intimating that Mr G. Moore had kindly consented to contribute to the musi- cal part of the programme. During the course of the evening Lady Roberts arrived, accompanied by her mother, Mrs W. S. Cain, and both were given a hearty reception. Several speeches were delivered. THE GOVERNMENT'S DUTY. The Chairman stated he was sure they could go on their way feeling that they had plenty of support, good feeling, and en- couragement in view of such large gather- ings as that. He called attention to the winter's work, which included consideration of almost every phase of the work before Parliament. The first and foremost was "unemployment." Liberals felt very much that this question was one which the Government should take up at a very early stage. It had been thrust upon them some- what unexpectedly, for twelve months ago there were not many signs that trade would fall to pieces as it had done. The greater number of unemployed would be only too glad to be employed if work could be found, They must all recognise that the first duty of the country was to relieve the prevailing misery, and that arrangements should be made whereby employment could be found (hear, hear). They were anxiously await- ing the proposals of the Premier on the mat- ter, which they were sure would be practical and speedily brought into operation (hear, hear).. He was delighted to see the pro- gress made with the Children's Bill and also with the Licensing Bill (hear, hear). Miss Crosfield made a happy little speech, in which she pointed out the great advant- age of social gatherings, and Mr R. Thomson, J.P., Newcastle-on- Tyne, a new comer to the district followed with a speech in the absence of Sir Herbert. He spoke at some length and remarked that although the party was said to be a dead one, it would prove itself a very lively corpse (laughter). Thirteen years ago Old Age Pensions had been promised by the Union- ists, but they had never redeemed the promise. Referring to the Licensing Bill, he said they ought to honour "Sir Herbert for remaining at his post at that important stage (hear, hear). He was only filling the part they desired (applause). The remainder of the evening was devoted to a musical programme, several of the lead- ing local artistes taking part, and during an interval refreshmente were provided. The evening was further'enlivened by a game of celebrities, prizes being offered. The successful competitors were :—Ladies ist, Miss Jennie Williams, Bushbury; 2nd, Miss Gofdberger. Gentlemen 1st, Mr Wil- frid Taylor, Oakdcne; 2nd, Mr Ken'drick. The programme was as follows Piano- forte solo, Mr A. H. Summers song, Tely- nau'r Saint," Mr D. Llew. Davies; recita- tion, "The Lady's Shalotte," Miss Taylor; song, Sing me to sleep," Miss E. J. Wil- liams; song, "Sunshine and Rain," Miss S. Parry; violin solo, "Melody," Mr Moore; song, "Drake's Drum," Mr Manuel; piano- forte solo, "Rondo Capriccioso," Op. 14 Mrs Manuel; song, Love is meant to make us. glad," Miss Sallie Parry violin solo, "Mel- ody," Mr Moore; song, "Nant v Mynydd," Miss E. J. Williams; and song, Farewell," Mr D. Llew. Davies. The meeting was brought to a close with votes of thanks to all who had taken part.

ZAM-BUK STOPS AN EPIDEMIC. Ten in One Family Cured of Eczema. Doctors Astounded & Parents Grateful. Zam-Buk made history in the district of St. Ph-hpa, Bristol, recently, when that place wai visited by a perfect plag'ue of eczema-. Dozens Qiohikiren -were sent h-yme from schools daily, and seaioely a family in the district could claim to have had complete freedom from the disease. During- this epidemic Zam-Buk achieved re- markabde success. The oasa of Mrs Thomas, whose ten children were ourod, is selected as a striking example of Zam-Buk a sterling value. The names of the children are William (a^ed 20), May (18), Albert (17), Alfred (16), I/avinia (15), George (13), Ernest (11), Arthur (10), Alice (8), and Gladys (6). To a local repcrter, who was making an inde- pendent and thorough investigation imo ihe facts, Mrs Thomas, who lives at 1, Albany Place, St. Philips, Bristol, said :1 have ten children ranging in age from six to twenty. Alfred was the first to be attacked. The eczema, started in the form of-a ver\ thick rash all over his face and head. The sores were continually breaking and were exceeding- ly painfuJ. I took him to the Infirmary and Dispensary, where he was given some lotion which did him no good. "I exercised the greatest care to prevent the disease spreading, but one child after another was attacked by the awful itching disease until my house was a veritable nospital and a home of cries and miserv- "Thie (younger children were compelled to stay away from school. Gcorgie, age 13, used to faint away with the pain, and the younger ones were almost continually orying because they suffered so, and could get no sleep. "All the ointments I tried were powerless even to check the spread of the eoidemic, and I believe that the children would still have been suffering if it had not been a lucky circum- atanoa that led us to try Zam-Buk. "Gladys met with a very serious accident by falling in fiont of the fire and burning herself very badly. For this I bought a box of Zam- Buk, and before the week was out Zam-Buk had completely healed Gladys' sHa. We were 80 delighted that we triod Zam-Buk for the ec- zema on all ihe children, for I new rememhe e j having read of its success as a cure for this disease. The result was just as remarkable. One one the disfiguring and gainful sores were healed, and the disease driven cornbetelv away from each child- "The newd of these wonderful Zarn-Buk cures was quickly epread about, and J know from many other oases in this district Zam-Buk did a great deal to stamp out the Iccal epidemic" This achievement of Zam-Buk in the St. Ffrilip's district of Bristol wbere. according to the evidence, a terrible epidemic was stamped out by ite aid, is a performance not to be eqpalbd by any. otbor modiebw

CHESTER & NORTH WALES FEDERATION OF P.S.A.'S. I' QUARTERLY MEETING AT COLWYN BAY. PROSPECTS ALONG THE COATT. NOTEWORTHY SUCCESS OF THE MOVEMENT. The quarterly meeting of the Chester Dis- trict and North Wales Federation of P.S.A.'s, Brotherhoods, and Kindred Soci- eties was held in the Congregational Church, Colwyn Bay, on Saturday. At three o'clock a meeting of the General Council was held. Mr E. Pitchford, Pres- tatyn (president), occupied the chair, and was supported by the Rev. Thomas Lloyd, Colwyn Bay (vice-president); Mr J. W. Marriott, Chester (vice-president); Mr T. H. Roberts, Rhyl (secretary); Mr B. L. Wilson, Liverpool (ex-secretary of Liverpool Federation), and Mr W. H. Lloyd, Chester (treasurer). The delegates present included the follow- ing: Messrs T. Sansom, Chester; R. New- ell, Colwyn Bay; T. W. Dunning, T. G. Humphreys, F. W. Bond, Colwyn Bay; J. W. Bruce, Old Colwyn Pierce H. Evans, J. Butterworth, T. G. Treleaven, T. Breese, P. Cameron, W. Caradoc Davies, Rhyl; Walter Vickers, Chester; J. Bennion, Ches- ter; Frank Newns, Chester; J. Barker, Chester; F. W. Bond, Colwyn Bay; J. Leach, Colwyn Bay; J. Robins, Rhyl; R. Hindley, Rhyl; F. H. Reader, Chester; J. T. Nancollis, Witton, Cheshire; B. L. Wil- son, Liverpool; T. H. Roberts, Rhyl, and P. Caradoc M. Williams, Rhyl. The proceedings opened with the singing of a hymn, after which the Rev. Thomas Lloyd offered prayer. WAYS AND MEANS. The treasurer presented his financial state- ment. The receipts of the Federation meeting were £ 2 35 3d, and expenses £ 1 16s, which left a small balance. Subscriptions from the various Societies had been responsible for about £ 7, and he was not satisfied with this sum as income. It was not possible for the Society to do useful work with such a small amount. He suggested that a nucleus fund be formed of ^5 or £IO, which, when added to subscriptions, would bring the amount in hand to about £ 20. He then described his scheme for the pool- ing of railway fares. Their Federation was perhaps more scattered than any other in the world. The result was that Societies were put to heavy expense in sending dele- gates to the meetings. The average cost of a cheap ticket from Colwvn Bay to seven of the most likely places at which meetings would be held was 3s. He suggested that the fares be pooled and that the same sum be paid always. If a Society was unable to send delegates through lack of funds the Federation should pav half the fares. To do this a fund would have to be introduced. The adoption of these suggestions would mean that every Society could be represented (applause). Mr W. H. Lloyd proposed, and Captain Treleaven seconded, that a voluntary fund be established for the purpose of helping Societies to send delegates and for other expenses of the Federation. After much discussion, the motion was carried with one dissentient. Mr Lloyd further moved that the execu- tive devised a scheme for the pooling of fares. Mr Marriott seconded and it was carried unanimously, with the stipulation that the scheme be submitted to the Societies for confirmation. The Secretary delivered a most interesting address, and said that as a voung Federation they had had many difficulties to face. When they left the Liverpool Federation they had been sent just as a child to face the battle of life (laughter). Liverpool had been very kind to them, but had not sent the statistics of the position they were in when they left. It was most important that they should have these. The speaker pro- ceeded to review the prospects of districts where Societies had not been formed. He regretted that the Societies had not always the sympathy and co-operation of the pastors, but in his remarks he did not in- clude the Rev. Thos. Lloyd (laughter). If any organised body could do anything to break down the barriers which existed be- tween various denominations it wft the Federation, which was unsectarian (ap- plause). Speaking of Bangor, he said a small P.S.A. had been formed there, and the mem- bers were eager to form a Society. Re- ferring to Barmouth, he remarked that Welsh people mostly resided there, and "the state of affairs was consequently somewhat different." From Conway a pastor wrote stating that he was in full sympathy with them (hear, hear). A Society might be formed there. On the proposition of Mr T. H. Roberts, it was decided to form a committee to carry out the arrangements for the celebration of the Federation, to be held at Chester at the end of the year, and the following were chosen to act, as a committee Messrs Mar- riott, Read, Vickers and Bennion, with power to add. Mr Marriott then delivered an excellent address on "How to Conduct P.S.A. Meet- ings," treating his subject under three heads —prayer, praise and punctuality. The President, on behalf of the meeting, thanked Mr Marriott for his practical, help- ful and witty speech, which, he said, was worth coming to Colwyn Bay to hear (ap- plause). Mr Crompton was asked to read the paper at the next meeting, which will be held at Rhyl, on a date yet to be fixed. Another helpful address was given by Mr Wilson, of Liverpool. Tea was served to the delegates in the Lecture Hall, the arrangements being made by Mrs Lloyd and Miss Bertha Booth. A vote of thanks to the Colwyn Bay friends was proposed by Mr Pitchford, se- conded by Mr W. H. Lloyd, and supported by Mr Marriott. Suitable replies were made by Rev. Thos. Lloyd, Mrs Lloyd, Mr J. T. Taylor and Mr Humphreys. THE LICENSING BILL. The President then moved the following resolution "That this Council of the Ches- ter and North Wales Federation of P.S.A.'s, Brotherhoods and Kindred Societies, repre- senting the Societies and members, heartily supports the Government's Licensing Bill, and trusts that every effort will be made to pass it into law during the present session." The Rev. Thomas Llovd seconded and Messrs Cameron (Rhyl) and Crompton (Col- wyn Bay) supported, the resolution being carried unanimously. The secretary was asked to forward copies to Sir J. Herbert Roberts, M.P., the Prime Minister, and to the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour. EVENING MEETING. THE SUCCESS OF THE MOVEMENT. At seven o'clock a public meeting was held in the Congregational Church, when the attendance was somewhat disappoint- ing. Mr C. E. Elcock presided, and was sup- Sorted by Mr Pitchford (president of the forth Wales Federation), Rev. Thomas Lloyd (vice-president), Mr Marriott, Ches- ter (vice-president)'; Mr B. L. Wilson (ex- secretary Liverpool Federation), Councillor | Batho, Rhyl, and Mr W. Lloyd, Chester. t The meeting opened with the singing of a hymn, followed by prayer offered by the Rev. Thos. Lloyd. Miss G. Hoskins then rendered a solo, "What a friend we have in Jesus." Mr Lloyd, Chester, treasurer, reported that in response to the appeal for the neucleus fund he had received .612 17s, and promises of a further £7 8s, so that thev would have Zio in hand very soon (hear, hear). Mr Marriott, Chester, gave an address on the "Aims, Methods, and Results of the P.S.A. Movement." The motto of the movement, he said, was One is your Master, even Christ and all ye arc brothers." The mastership of Christ took first place in their endeavours with men. Every man had a master. It may not always be the same, but as a rule there was always one main dominating force which made or marred him. They wanted that dominating Force to be Christ. They tried to make men realise that it was for them to do the best for themselves with God's help. They wanted to make men better workmen, fath- ers, brothers, and citizens, to recognise Christ as king, and to govern themselves rather than be tyrannised over by circum- stances. If they put themselves under the mastership of God they must be brothers. This was the best and ONLY KIND OF SOCIALISM. They did not go as far a churches in the P.S.A. in creed. The P.S.A. was not the end; it was only the meanf to an end, and thejifethought men should join churches, as the P.S.A. was generally independent of the church. They brought the man to Christ, and then he was sure to join a church. The most determined critic of P.S.A.'s would not quarrel with them as regarded their aims. It was when they came to their methods that criticism was directed towards them, and this was only owing to misunderstanding and ignorance of their methods and aims. He was sorry that at a Barmouth Congre- gational meeting the P.S.A. had been criti- cised, other than in a kind, brotherly spirit. He recognised that the P.S.A. was not so necessary in Wales owing to the evening classes. The methods might differ, but the aims of the movement were the same as the churches. It was a question very largely of conventionalism and formalism, and of church etiquette. Professional eti- quette there was, and this they deplored, and there was church etiquette. The P.S.A. was bringing in hundreds of men to the church- es, and he asked if the critics could suggest anything better in its place. They allowed clapping of hands and enjoyed a good laugh together. Working men were apt to couple religion with death and everything that was sombre. This was because it had not been presented properly, and, said the speak- er, "formalism frowns when there ought to have been smiles." The meetings were brief, bright and brotherly, but he hoped that they would not degenerate into being meek, mild, and motherly (laughter and hear, hear). They kept out politics, sec- tarianism, and socialism, but did not allow the meetings to deteriorate into entertain- ments. The last point was the result achieved. Were they justified? He held they were. Thev had been in existence only a quarter of a century, but every Sunday the P.S.A. attracted 600,000 people to public worship. It was urged against the P.S.A. that they were drawing men from the Sun- day Schools, but he could cite cases in Chester where they had sent out of their meeting three teachers to Sunday Schools. Mr D. M. Wilson, Liverpool, next deliv- ered a stirring address. He was glad, he said, that that day they had laid the foun- dation stone of what would be a big thing in the history of the district. He thought that as yet thev hardly realised the magni- tude of their opening effort. They had started in Liverpool with 17 Societies and with a membership of 7000. To-day, after deducting those that had left them to form the North Wales Federation, they had 60 Societies with a membership of 20,000. They were at the beginning of a great work, and he wanted them to recognise that as a Federation they were linked to the greater Federation. The movement had been a remarkable success, making a striking fact in the history of our country. It should not be forgotten, however, that the movement had never been started to help churches, but to help men. The great feature of the religious character of the njovement was its seeking to teach the men the MAGNA CHARTA OF CHRISTIAN FREEDOM. The working men of the country were rais- ing to their inheritance. Were they going to allow that without the accompaniment of Christ ? A democracy without Christ would bring matters to a worse stage than that prevailing in the middle ages. Three things were necessary-consecrated enthusiasm, consecrated prayer, and consecrated self- sacrifice. Whatever work they had to do he urged that it be done with all their might. There was no class distinction in the Brotherhood movement. The most im- portant of all factors in the work was self- sacrifice. They were not goinc to make a Brotherhood by looking at it;" if they wanted men they would have to go after them. If they had counted the cost they should be willing to make self-sacrifice in order to save someone else. He closed by urging the need to continue the fight against the drink traffic, until it failed to control the country; and stronger action against gambling and impurity. On the motion of Mr J. Crompton, the resolution supporting the Government's Licensing Bill was again put to the meet- ing and carried. Mr Pitchford, president of the North Wales Federation, then addressed the assembly, taking the Brotherhood motto, "A helping hand," as his text. Mr J. T. Taylor moved a vote of thanks to the speakers. Mr F. W. Bond seconded, and the motion' was carried unanimously. Miss Hoskins rendered "The Children's Home" very feelingly, and the Chairman conveyed to her the sincere thanks of the meeting for her services. The chairman was also accorded a vote of thanks.

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