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PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES. (BY VERONICA.) FLOWEK P HOT OGR A PH Y AND HELIGION. In lecturing on the photogr iphmg of flowers a well-known oxhibii <>r is td to have stated that, before faking up th':« work ho was a con- vinced artist., and U«a». ot hw study of flowers. tte ■h>» become « convert to C'iinsti- an!tV' COLOR PHOTOG R A PIT Y. The extremely interesting exhibition of the Sooietv of (Mor Photographers suggest* many thc £ gnus to t>h- effect that tho ea will have upon our hobby as a wholo. Color work w .>vtflent!v go in# through similar• develop- ments u> uhose which wore experienced by ..hoto- ^rtnhv- itself. Just as many early workers m f.heho,-rar>hv appreciated hard, brilliant, con- f rhe wo rker:» in e>lor3 1-ave mostly f.heho,-rar>hv appreciated hard. brilit-ant con- f rhe wo rker:» in e>lor3 1-ave mostly token' 10 riotous soheinoa of red, yellow blue, ™ orange. Tho current exhibition many arc turnuig bhe.r attentton to £ Cr and more -Mical* Hub.^ts to la^ap« Wit.h ,*»ft gradatnnw of hgut and shade. and It! I*1 f>W^WlfOS. T?I FIR EFFECT UPON MONOCHROME 1111 WORK T iliink that i.twro can bo very Lttle doubt (,f ,j,e ofl'eete. of tho study of colors w# b.un enorniou« improvement in t.he render- .I u.n« cvwi by thoae photograi?h'»r» Who d."n<n take up color work. <u nflariy ai .»!,«• there is a heaviness and want of isrzE' -.I;»u.. h. {«A«VV which V rK,i, at *H a. noo«*ary result of .h-Vo-g^phir "*&«- I1t fro.n m- «• rudv of nature*, and can be avoided b" proper use of orthoohromatio meth-ds, and w,i-«.ilv bv a mole exposure. x SHUTTER SPEEDS. Prob-iblv many of Imy read'Wts are ius*t Win* photography, and' one of tho hrsc thin^B rblt wiii trouble thorn vrdl 1^ es(,e< r X thev Ix^in by oonsuUing other amateurs of'bin small experionoe, who will talk a« if tho ^tfprenoj between one-toithh and one-hfteenth f>f a seo< .nd a vital m^.tor Shutror speodfl aiv. r«.t soriotly comparable with aaofa f>th^r. for qiuri' a;»art. from i.ho var,«Mon »n di tfereni, forras of shutU'r, »t w so, diffioult o o int ro! the exaot speeds, ami so »Ull more diffi- cult. to mark fclkdm exaetJy. Mi at, ui praotioe. al- tnotft evfiy ohoap flhutter lias, a. vory large per- t-rnuiiT'' ,f orror I,ot if not all. Ita. speeds. Therefore your friend'^ ono-fiftowA may be aotiiaiU' a longer I.han four own one. AMPLE MARGIN FOR ERROR. While it is quiro truo that, many picture^ are ov«r-exposed, and that «-n uarrwiisely 'ar^T ni ntber are under-esposed, th»' diffori-noe of 10<J por eont. can be almost, entiroly inoglec-te-Li with any ordinary subject, and an enormously larger error w:P, as a rule, be indicated by the ainiat^ur. Tl*at is to say, if 0h« correct ex- rKTSui f for a ?ivon f.ub|>ct w one second, it will n,„ niiiied if it revives only half a second, or if • w.» .seconds are giiron to it.. Hence, the diff.-rp,f1(JO lwt;ween one-tenth and one-lifteenth, and &:so tJJe error in marking of nhut.tor speeds can i.- rsompietoly ig-nored for all practical piw- posos. | r. is important that, bearmners should reail,z,wde margin fAiat in allowable, for isnoranee on t,hi..o: point ofton loads to bewilder- ment. Thus, with a auhierrt that requireos an exT-o^tire of one seoomd. a man may ffive one. eiKUoch. He is tA.11 by a friend that it, is under-evposed. and probably he is making a ",to,'n in the risrht dtnenrf.ion bv changingr his to one-hftie-th. While tftiia, of ooiirse, in a h>ncper eyposnre than fcho other, the differ- enoe '=* so small that if the undor-esposure was serious, no inm-vohlont will be fou.nd in tive ult The s'.riie:j?!er may erivo yet another ex- posure say one-fo-rtietihj, and, fttill finding t.he snbjwr. riopeieesly bad, may uhmk tha.t he has piven a w-do ranv of exposuiro, and I)-,gin to aitompt to improve upon t-ho reealt by some other rnef.na. FIRST LESSON tN RXPOSURE. It woidd be a invent, valuable leaBon. and a preat *ivin^ in time and matorial, if every phoio'^rnphor would begin his experienoo by ex- posing a plaro in strips witlh a very widerv- variod ex;K>wres. By pullin» out, fho slide of feh<» T>!aie-hoider half an inoh, a/id making exposure, then putting out another half inch for a j-eootid exposuro, and *>' on, he may get a very wide ra,nsfe of different exposiu.ro effects upon one sinscle quarter-plate. tie should begin by •wtimafciner the rr61 expodwre that is neoesseary a a.'x:uraceJy as he can, and should then arrange that, t.he middle atrip has this exposure, while otln'r strips bav<j many times more, and pome 'have imany tim«a 1^*«. If the plate is to be wxpoped in aix strips, And the proper exposure is esr-imated to be four sooonds, it may be well to tjwp. eXH ourmustang of 4, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1 eeoonJa, respeotivoly, Aa the first fT pV et, all r.h, additional expomire flto actual exposure given, to rfio strips will bo 14, 10, 6. 4. 2, and I seconcU. respectively. TJtie plate should be de- velotwj by someone ""no understands photo- graphy, and sliould well point out which w aotuallv tho properly exposed atrip. JUDGING EXPOSURE BY RESULTS. If the amateur in in an isolated place Where Tm friend or dealer can be relied upon to de- velop. he should follow the insftruciJions in his handbook very carefully, and when lie tihinka +3ie exposure Ise erone far enough, should fix and finish hi.s negative, and make a print. If the development Waf; really oompleto, he ahould find Bom-e detail in all the at-ripw It tojay be neces- fcar^" to ffive much longer printing to aome »tripn than to others, and pewAiapa the bewfc le.-t»Tn would bo obiained by making one print just dex-fr enough to niva all Che detail th-at i« possible- in the nn*lpr-expo«ed st.ripa, and another one to br t,,r up all ili-e detail in the over-oxposed por- tiotl. It will tJion be found that in addition to riie over-exposed parts of the negative beitve? and slow to print, tho contraBta of light and shade will t^nd to be fdtght, whereas t.he UTwW-expossed portions which print their shadow def.nls very quickly will probably have quite as muob densitv in the ht'ghjiiihtis ex in found in the parts. Therefopft, the hitrhliglits (ckv. efc.) will be hand and white, while the nhndows are black and without gradation. This difference, if considered, will help in determin- ing when anv subjeot has been. ov^-oxposed and uTMlprd, .r-

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