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,---ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN…
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN CARNARVONSHIRE. (Continued from page 2.) pfrr the vcar ended' Ma-rdb. 1907, works out at 2s 6d p(1r uhild, after making every allowance or ,-sbe Biib.aiiiitial discounts which the cc mm it too iobteun from their sciiool oonwaotore- Tlnia was decided upon after careful consideration, and I am not aware that any schools has suffered by the arraugeaneat- I STAFFING QUESTION. On the subject of school staffs, the teachers maintain "that the staffing is not equal in effi- ciency to what it was previous to the appointed day, noLwithstamding any tiling that may ihave beau. eaIJ to the coiit-raxy. in this connection i may be permitted to re-lor to The short dbsous- sion upon an aspect oi this question which was initiated at the last meeting of the Education Committee by Mr A Hanson Pioton, with moro particular reference to the oafie of a school at Bangor- I then made a statement that since the appointed day the general position in the ooun- ty had been improved by the appointment of an additional number of 60 "qualified toaoh- ers. I did not say (as has been represented) that the Gonrniittee nad appointed 60 adaitional "certificated" teachers, and on going more min- utely into the matter I find that too statement made was ander-e&tiinated- mr.v COMPARATIVE SITUATION. Any statement with regard to sdhcol stalls will not bo complete witinout reference to the comparative situation on the appointed day, aaid at the present moment, with regard to other teachers, viz.. pupil teadhers and monitors. On the appointed day this coasts numbered' <soy. At the present moment there aie in the earvioo of the committee only 21 pupil leaclws and 22 monitors, with 36 Central Welsh Board certificate Iboltt-er^. making a total of 79. It repeat the Btatemciit viiat the Central Welsh Board certi- ficate holders qualified as Art. 50 teaohons "qn every ground excepting that of age." and if the leaoiiers desired v* submit a periectly fair abatement to the public thoy would have point- ed out that the Board of Eduo«.tlon in the last Oodo have now formally recosmiscvd these teachers. and allow them to bo oountea ontho pohool etaif as equivalent to 45 children age ath.nda.nce- Thus, what has now been olh- cially sanctioned by the Board of Education WMS anticipated by the Education Committee over two years ago, and, though some head teacuers in Cartiairvoushire have taken exception to the ongagoman't of this class of tcacher, experience fcas proved' that alter a few months practical j^aohing thev are fully equal to the best- toacn- at of we uncertificated class- 11100 foregoing figures show that there ha6 been a. radical change in the character of our school etaits einoo the appointed day by the practical ex- ci-notion of the child-teaaher. the number having been reduced from 259 otn the appointee day to í79 now, a deor-ease oi 180. 36 Central Welsh Hoa.rd certificate holders are excluded (as I certainly think is right,) the number of chtld- teaohci-ri now engaged is only 43- Head teach- ers complained bitterly of the old pupil teactier system, repeatedly .declaring taat pupil teachers and in the meaning of the oode before the ap- pointed day, has now been changed, and are mow simply termed supplemental" teachera or Art. 68, until they pass tho King's iSoholaisnip examination, ^lu proof of this ■ acl, I hay only to mention, that of 208. Art. 68 teacheis now in the employ of the Committee 1Ub are ex- ;s Tho majority OIl these pupil teachers were engaged eiciier by the de-funct sonool i "boards or managers of vol unitary scihoons under the old regime, and their falluso to pass the I Iola rsiil r) examination, or otnerwiso to qualify as uncerLilicated teacheis, can hardly g it- be laL to the charge of the Education Commit- tee- Out of the remaining 102 supplementary teachers who are not ex-P.T.'s, 78 now in the sorvice of the Committee were in tcuo Gervioe of the old auUboritie^ on the appointed day. Out of the remaining 2U, 8 have been educated at one or other of the county sohools, but have noi, passed a quail ifyu'ig examination. This lea\es 16 only unaccounted for. every one of whom had been eondit-Hxialiy recogni-iod by the Board of Education. Now what are the iautse On the apooiii'ted 'day t;)& certificated teachers in the oounty num- foared 'dbl. They now number 2d6. or an in- crease of 25. Ific Art. 50 teachers on the ap- pointed (ilay numbored lfbb. 'U;.é,y now number 234, or an increase of 69. There is, therefore, a total increase of qualified teacheis numbering 94. The number of supplementary teachers in tno service of the Uommititee on the appointed day wad 165. Tney now number 208. or art in- crease of 52, but it should be remembered that this increase is due not because the Education Committee have takon into their service an added number from outside, cut to the fajt that the denomination or .assignation of ex-P.T-'s who >vere provisional assistant teaciiers with moni- tors were more in the waY than otherwise, and yet the replacement of that class by the appoint- ment of adult, te. chers 04 experience is regard- ed1 as evidence o, a set-back. The teacl-^rs make capital of the fact t,Itt there has been an increase in vorage attendamoo ot 3G00, and that 6 this factor must be taken into consideration in making any conipariison between the relative position on the appointed day and the present time. Strange as it may smin. the number aLl gdhooi books has only increased from 2,b13 on the appointed day to :G,4b at the present time. rue increase jit average* attendance has been from 17,781 V) of a total oc 2547. Tlkio percentage cA efifcandiiiitce nas been raised fenom 78.9 to ö8,3, C? oil iriioixja-x> of 10,4. Teach- ers are welftiware, (21d in airiies6 to the Com- mittee must admit, that if iipi, additional toactu- ere had been provi-d-ed since the appointed day it would hiave been iar easier for the staff as it then was to discharge tinea- duty efficiently with regular attendance of sanolars than witli a constantly changing class, as must have been the case wnen 21 per oent- of tne children were habitually absent. This important factor tn school work is entirely overlooked by the teach- ers when discussing too relative efficiency of the eohooits before and after the appointed day- li the Education Committoe had done nothing 1,e- yotnd obtairting this marked improvement in .#ohool attendance they iiave made it a com- paratively easy matter far the school stalls to Snake the schools more efficient in even v way. 'i'i> bunumarise the position, lot it be said that the total number of teachers in county on the appointed day was 841. ol whom 426 only were qualified. Out of 807 now in the service of the committee, 520 are qualified. The number of Children for which the staff was equivalent ac- cording to the code on t.he appointed day was 30,020 (computing 15 scholars to eaoh 1-.T.). The present staff is equivalent to 36,485 (computing 15" only C.W.B. certificate holders and pupil teachers). This shows an increase of 3465. If the C.W.B. certificate holders, pupil teachars. and monitors are omillted from this computation, then there is a staff aoooroing to oode for 32.320, as against 26,135 on the appointed day, or an Ulcrraso of 6185, STANDARD OF EFFICIENCY. It may bo euiJ uuat this oompa,rison between the relative position before tne appointed day and at the present time doots not necessarily • prove that the stalls of our schools are as effi- cient as they should be. The oollly way in which this can be tested is by rotor once to the general etandu.rd of efficiency throughout the country. On page 41 of tHe annual iepo.it of the Hoard of Education for the year 1906-7, which was published in December last, the proportion of the number of scholars in average attendance to each adult teaciier is given as 65.80. an adult teacher being there stated to represent "all re- cognised teachers other than pupil teachers and probationers." The Carnarvonshire figure is 27.9, and even if we omit from rhe designation "adult teaohe.r" all supplementary teaone.rs who are not ex-P-T.'s, the figure will even then stand at 32.4, which is substantially better than the a verage for England and Wales. The num- ber of scholars in average attendance to eaoh certificated teacher in the administrative coun- ties of England is 73-76, and in the Welsh coun- ties 90.95. The Carnarvonsh,i.,e figure is 71, which is better than the average for the whole of Wales (including oounty boroughs and nomous areas), which stands at 1'3,83. Then, as evidence of the opinion fornied by H.M. In- spector ae to the ofliciency of the schools, it need only lie said that in every caej but five the full grant has been earned and received in respect of Carnarvonshire schools during the last three years. The deductions were in :-espeot of three voluntary eohoals, and amounted to L14 19s. and in res pec* of two Council schools, a,n(: amount- ed to £ 2 10s 4d- This represents a total deduc- tion of L17 4e, during three years, as against £112,614 grants received. This is was primarily due to the difficulty in filling vacancies in school staffs, and in three of these eaocs the staff would have been sufficient according to code had the committee not claimed and received the small population grant, amounting to £30. These vacancies related not to the appointment of cer- tificated teachers, but to uncertificated and sup- plemcin try teachers, for whom a scale of sal- aries has been in existence for some time- The Statement that "vacanoies on the staffs of schools remain unfilled for months because the salaries are inadequate and much below ihose offered by other authorities for similar positions" is con- CSquently not true. SALARIES. With regard toO salaries, the amount paid to teachers at the appointed day was £37,200 an- nually- Sinoe then the salaries have amounted everv vear as follows -U p to March, 1905, £ 43,397. 1906 £ 44.607, 1907 £ 47.329- The salar- Ïe6 are now £ 48.8^1, which shows an-inerease of Ell,631 on the figure as it was on the ap- pointed day. Even if the increased grants represented by improved average attendance are put dbwn ait 2547 multiplied Dy 42»—or £ 5348. it still leaves a.n additional sum of £ 6283, which has been pro- vided out of rates. This does not include the sum of about E1200, which will be paid for evening school work for the current session- The foregoing- figures include nothing in resnect erf the houees occupied by 45 teachers of Coun- oil SohooJe. who not only occupy thci rent fcree, but also have their rates and taxes paid by the committee. The estimated value of I *h*ch ia £ 500. and should bo ad!ded to the I £ 48,831 paid in MU*riG0| time making a total J of £ 49.331. The question of increasing the salaries of head teachers is altogether beside the point, in considering the efficiency of the schools- That is a matter that must be settled QD, its merits- In view of the foregoing facts, if the teachers of Carnarvonshire still say that education in the county is less efficient tSan it was four years ago, there is only one conclusion that must be drawn, viz., that the teaching power of our school staffs is declining. There are as many as 18 head teachers in the county who do not undertake .responsibility for a class, or in other words, do not regularly teach, and thieee are heads of schools staffed by a large proportion of certificated teachera where supervision work is necessarily less ex- acting than in rural sehoola, where a head teach- er takes charge of a class or olasees, and has also to supervise the work of lower grade teaohers- THE PRESENT OUTCRY. I do not believe for one moment that the teachers can have realised what the present outcry moans- As some indication of their es- timate of the degree of efficiency obtaining in the schools- it suffices to say that whereas 461 clialdren were submitted by them for the en- trance scholarship examination to county edhools in 1903, the number laist year was 723. The Education Cammititee have consistently endeavoured, to assist the teachers in every pos- sible way. Saturday classes have been organ- ised for the benefit of uncertificated1 and un- qualified teaohers preparing for the certificate and King's Scholarship examination respective- ly. The cost of these classes for the year end- ed March, 1907. was L600, and the committee have already disbursed this year over £560. Tihe total coot for this year will not fall far slaart of LIOOO. In addition a summer school in hygiene, educational handwork and Welsh was organised for teacher in the summers of 1906 and 1907 at a cost to the committee exceed- ing C400, Carnarvonshire being the only educa- tion authority who providted free tuition to aa many of its teaohers as cared to avail them- selves of the opportunity of .receiving expert instruction in liheso subjects- Under all these circumstances, it will be in- teresting to know how the teachers can justify the statement that the children are suffering- disadvantages wlhidh could be avoided. It is unifair to tlhe committee and to the public to tack on an agitation for an increase of salaries to » general charge of educational inefficiency which j10 foundation in fact. Moreover, the teachers wtuj probab]y find that the public will not be a!togei0h»r blind to the fact that if the amolIDt spent on in the county at the present time does not produce efficient re- sults, a larger expenditure of m-a,u,ey upon the existing staffs is not likely to improve mat-ters-
THE AFFAIRS OF A RHYL ' DENTIST.
THE AFFAIRS OF A RHYL DENTIST. "BAD TRADE AND PRESSURE BY CREDITORS." At the Bangor Bankruptcy Court,, to-day week, before the Registrar, Mr J. Glynno Jones, Fran- cis Henry Sanson, described as the "manager of the County Dental Association, Limited," of 101, Wellington-road, Rhyl, was publicly ex- amined. The gross labilities were returned at £ 170 2s Id, the deficiency being JB130 2s Id. "Bad trade and pressure by creditors" were- the causes ascribed by the debtor for his failure. The Official Receiver reported that the receiv- ing order was made on the debtor's own peti- tion, which he filed in consequence of the sheriff having levied under an executiun, and the land- lord having distrained for ront. He was ad- judicated bankrupt on his own petition. The bankrupt, who wa.s 40 yea.rs of age, was a den- tist, but not qualified, and was described as the manager of tne County Dental Association, Ltd. jExcept from 1888 to 1901, when he lived at Llandudno, he had resided at Rhyl all his life. He formerly lived at 32, Water-street, Rhyl, but for the last two years at 19t, Wellington- street, Rhyl. On or about 3rd March, 1901, the debtor promoted and formed the company re- ferred to, which took over his assets and liabili- ties. He believed tliat his book debts and assets at that time would rave met, his liabilities. He was appointed manager at a salary of £ 130 a year, but stated that the actual receipts after payment of expenses have been about E100 a year. The nominal capital of the company was £ 500 in 500 £1 shares, of which the debtor held 370, the rest of the 419 shares being takerj up. by his wife, brother, son, a.nd the signatories. The assets of the company were said to be repre- sented by dental appliances, and debts estimated at £10. These assets were not scheduled by the debtor, but he had entered £10 as being his in- terest in the company. On the other hand, all dental goods bought were charg'ed against him personally, and tho company had, it was said, no liabilties. The sheriff tinder an execution and the landlord for E22 rent were in possession at the dato of the bankruptcy, and as he had not given an undertaking for the latter claim the landlord was selling under tho distress, and he had requested the auctioneers to sell the debtor's own effects for him. The debtor s'ated that he had known of his insolvency for six years, but explained that he had reduced his liabilities since; also, that lie had beon much pressed during the last twelve months. The unsecured creditors comprised four creditors for dental requisites, J668 15s 8d; six creditors for advertising, £ 14 13s 4d; three creditors for professional attend- ance, £10 15s; 23 creditors for household goods, furniture, and miscellaneous accounts, 246 17s lOd —total, £ 141 Is IOd. Replying to the Assistant Official Roceiver, the debtor stated that being unqualified he could .not carry on business, except as the manager of a company. Thai: was why the company was floated. The Assistant Official Receiver: That's rather strange. The Debtor: We cannot advertise either unless we form a company. There are dentists prac- tising in the same way all over the country. The Registrar: They register the company, and then practise. The Assistant Official Receiver: That does not apply to the legal fraternity. (To the debtor): Did it pay you beyond getting your own salary? Debtor: No; I didn't get my full salary. Have you kept any proper books?—No; only the day book. What were your total receipts per annum?— They averaged from JB210 to E220 for the past seven years, but I had to make certain payments I cut of the sum, The trade debts were incurred in your name?— Y(6. Was any ba'anoe sheet, issued?—No. Wore any meetings of the company held?—Just a few, but .no balance-sheet was submitted. Has the company paid any dividend?—No. Any accounts submitted to any meoting?— Only to the first. Who paid tho expenses of forming* the 00111- pany?—I paid most, of them. How much did they amount to?— £ 25. Answering further questions, the debtor stated that h", had been in pecuniary circumstances for the last six or seven years. To a certain extent, the forming of the company did lead to in- preased business, but not to tho extent antici- pated. During tho last twelve months he had been sued. The examination was closed subject to the debtor producing a list of debts due, and also a I statement of what was due from the company to him.
XMAS SUNDAY IN VANCOUVER.
XMAS SUNDAY IN VANCOUVER. A WELSHMAN'S INTERESTING IMPRESSIONS. (By Lewis Roberts). It is the evening of Christinas Sunday, and I am stealthily hurrying along the streets of a little town in dear old Wales. Snow has fallen, and even tho lamps seem to partake of the spi it of Yuletide, for they shine with extra lustre. The streets are. deserted, and all good people arc at their devotions. From the direction of a larofc chapel comes the rich and full sound of a hymn tune; halting at the door, I peep timor- ously in, a.nd unnoticed take a seat in the rear. It i3 three months sin>3 I was there before, and I begin to wonder what has brought me back from Vancouver, a journey of nearly eight thou- sand miles. As I look around at tho congregation, I behold recent signs of mourning. The gaps in certain pews denote the absencc of some beloved ones; their late occupiors have finished that long jour- ney which is nocossary for everyone of us to take. They have gone to that great place cf reception, the general rendezvous of mankind. Tho preacher and elders eulogise the lives of the departed. As the scaffolding before a build- ing is removed, revealing its architectural beauty, so has Death pulled down the life scaffolding 01 those that, were mourned that evening, and set for ever in the sunlight those structures built of good thoughts and deeds, those stately mansions reared in the mind. The congregation is thus made conversant, with tho most beautiful features in the lives of those who were but lately, meta- phorically speaking, flowers in the human bou- quet. The congregation ariso to sing; from the great organ the strains of a well-known hymn emanate in dulcet tones; the stillness and solemnity per- vading the groat chapel produces an effect of almost ethereal lightness. The hymn is ended, the last two lines resound- ing in my ea.rs:- "Tyr gwawr y nef, cysgodau'r hwyr a fry, Wrth fyw; wrth farw ;-aros gyda ni." The benediction having been pronounced, I rise to leave, and I have scarcely reached the road and felt the cold air blowing in my face, when I awake, to find myself in bed in Vancouver. it was but a dream It is nine o'clock in the morning of Christmas Sunday. The sun's rays are pouring in at the bedroom window, and we here in the far West are just about to commence our Sabbath day, when you in the old country are discussing the sermon around the warm hearth. An auto-iiohilc, which was the cause of the breaking of my pleasant reverie, has just dashed past, and what with that, and the clattering of ♦many noofs, and tile scUrij of laughter in the ttreot, it is useless trying to sleep 'myself back to Wale- so I hastily r and repair to a neighbouring restaurant for bieakijaat. A LUXURIANT PARK. This repast over. I follow in the v>a.,vc of th& surging crowds to Stanley Park, once a pntnovai forest, and in many parts to-day it i:, as der^e as a tropical jungle. Bushes, vines, ferns, ana mosses rot hero, oodars of mammoth proportions amaze one and .nature is allowed to display nor unspoiled beauty. Ail around lies the calm and placid waters of the Pacific Ocean, not a ripple to be seen on its surface, whilst in the distance are snow-cappea •mountains of stupendous heights, their snowy crests reaching above t- e clouds into the purer atmosphtve of the heavens. Grand old moun- tains Your frown is terrible Between them lie vales of beautiful verdure, and the sunny slopes shut in from the fierce winds, and fiercer business of the outside world, have spoken of earthly peace and given glimpses of Edenic beauty, too rarely seen on eartn. Coursing round a.nd round the park are count- less automobiles, and fast trotting horses har- nessed to buggies. From one of the cheap cafes the strains of "Como back to Erin" sounds from a gramopnone. Some are watching the buffaloes, others the sea- lions, whilst on the pier at English Bay, which is the most fashionable part of the. towi), Ïlan. dreds of "young" couples parade. They are nol all young*, though! During the summer months bands will tlis- course sweet music, and arrangements are now in hand for the holding of sacred concerts after the church servioes are over.. t A more cosmopolitan crowd than that which is encountered in this park can ssarceiy be con- oeived. Of the foreign element, the orientals predominate, the influx of the family of Hi Lang Shinbones having been very great. A WELSH MAGNATE. I have hardly settled down comfortably on a scar, when a hand touo :es my shoulder, and a voice behind me says: "Helo! beth ydych yn ei wnjud yma?" Looking round I beheld a Wehh gen'leman, whom T met a few days ago. l Originally a native of Llangoiien, Mr Rogeia (for thai is his name) came out here twenty yeara ago; in fact, he was one of the passengers m the very first train that entered Vanoouver. To-day he 13 considerad one of the wealthiest land magnates in British Columbia. The meeting proves a 'ortunate one for me, as I have the pleasure of dining with him in tho oveiling, and I subsequently accompany him to th.) English Methodist Church, of which ho is a prominent. member. -The evening proves an )additional, sour,:e of pleasure to us both, inas- much a we are able to converse wita each otie,- i.n Welsh-quilo a treat when such opportunities are not numeroul. I may .state that there are a few Welshmen in Vancouver, and each one is known to the other by a distinguishing Welsh appellation, Mr Rogeis being known to his intimate friends as "halen y Ct(lac,ar." Returning from the park, I go in search of the second meal of the day lunoh after which, by the kind invitation of an Irish doctor, I am able to visit one of the fine hospitals in the city. On Sundays, there is as it wore, a cessation of hostilities between disease and the doctors, as oniy tho very serious and urgent cases receive attention. A few of the patients a sitting up in bed, and having been propped up by pillows, are per- using various papers and magazines. Some of the beds are empty, a.nd their recent occupants Ore sitting beside them, looking very ill and wan. The nurses are busy decorating the wards for Christmas Day, but it is pat;eic to notice with what little interest some of the patients watch the proceedings. In the surgical ward lies a young man sut- fering from a severe fracture, sustained whilst unloading cargo at tho docks. He greatly be- wails his luck in not being home for Christmas, and his one great desiro is to get up and smoke. This case reminds mo of a similar accident in Wales, a navvy being the unfortunate sufferer, but I doubt whether anyone could beat tnat in- dividual for giving trouble What doos my friend say to this? There are a few other minor surgical cases which it would not interest the reader to enumer- ate. Suffice it to say that as far 5 the hospitals are concerned, the Canadian doc'ors hive t,no very latest modern appliances at their command. STREET SCENES. On my way home I am destined to witness some exciting and humorous incident-, tne first being in connection with a street preacher, to whom I stop to listen. He seems to be a very earnest expounder of the truth, and entreats his noarors to ineuiuai^ L.alJ. 'VJ.. uuJ upvu "VI..& V'V"A" tJlOL. At the conclusion of his discourse he invites questions from anyone standing around. A tall thin individual advances to the iront, and graveiy asks the preaciier to expiam why his wife had had to pay i-woi>2iic-3- a pound'more for onions that very week? This has a most hilarious effect upon the .crowd, several of w-om burst out laughing, The preacher becomes so incensed that losing -control over himself, he says the man is "a di: grace," qualifying his remark with an aujec- tive, v.hich rounds iike another. Fosabiy the audience are shocked. Anyhow, they ail fly for the first tram that comes along. Resuming my journey, i am "transported" by the music of a Salvation Army band. who nearly blew my hat off as they parsed, playing a martial air. Behind the band comes the rank and fiie, members of whicn, now and again, rush to the side walk and endeavour to get the ruffians standing cut side the various cirinking baiC0i!S to accompany them to the hall, holding out as an inducement that they are to "have a good time." Many fait in, a.-ili, more from curiosity than anything else, 1 aiso foiiow the crowd up some steps into a large room, m^anwaijo nclding my hand on my watch. The service commences wiiu a "sing-song," each one joining in his own lan- guage. I tio not stay long, but leave after having been greatly interested in the methods and gool- work of the arm v. A FiGHT IN CHINATOWN. T.:e last, incident of note is a fight in China- town, through which district I take a stroll. This neighbourhood is nothing but a nest of vice and gambling dens. I have just- passed a dark and forbidding looking entry, when something fails with a sick- ly thud behind me. It is a httij Chinaman, bleeding profusely from a cut on-or the eye. ilo howls in a most dismal manner, and in less time than it takes to relate he is surrounded by a "g'ardo" of his oompat riots, iome of whom de- fend him, whilst otheis are equally bent on his destruction. As it is neither advisable nor safe to ro- uxa.in in the vicinity -iur;, tnis embroglio, I ¡ beat a heasty retreat. As a rule pedestrians have nothing to fear in Chinatown, provided the Oriental. are no. mojest^d, otherwise, is liable to be "eaten up," as it wtrA Sunday evening I attend service at the j'.nghsn Methodist Church, when I hoar an eiequ- u't sermon from a Canadian minister. The trend of iiis discourse is an emphatic dis- approval of tne custom oi excommunication as pracfised by his and other denominations. He argued fro'.u this point of view that the churches and chap "Is have not really the power to exclude men and women from their midst, because they thus virtually "shut the door of Heaven in their faces." The churches, he says, are meant to suc- cour the faiien, and not to judge or condemn i,heni, that power being vest d in the Sameme TI.; On the topic of Sunday concerts lie is equally explicit. Havo they a tendency to keep young men from the streets, and to elevate them? If men from the streets, and to elevate them? If so, then let the churc es stand up for progress av'cl assist the movement for (.acred concerts i Should they find that the movement is a "finan- cial aGair" tnen let the churches take the matter up' a" i hold the concerts themselves in cne of th<kr own buildings, after the. services aro ov&r Alter the cotioiuS;.>n of j*l0 c0rx-iee, the choir sing tho National nhm oi the Ilea verily Kingdom, the h Chorus." The ren- dering is very fair 101 a. Radian choir and the organist imparts mucn energy into the aC- cornp&nmient, moving about oujno organ stoof, as though he sits on an ojcctric ra^K-i I am pleased to understand tnat t. tnvo most ,-prominent soloists in the choir are W etstiinea, whom I havo .not yet had the pleasure oi meet- ing. THE MALE MODE. After church, I a.g'ain take a walk round town, 3P there is no supper, the last meal of the day being dinner at six o'clock. Lp and down tr.e chief thoroughfares srr^" the fair belles with their beaux, some wearing' very hn;0 bow. The young men uress up ly different to those of the Old Country. Here they wear much broadei- "unme>71tionables," the -vaistcoat has two long flaps like wings, the ccats are very loose. The collars are similai j" the dubbed "Gladstonian" in the Old Country, end with tho above ulentioned bows Jook very "artistic." The headgear is absolutely the limit heing a cro?s between a Panama and r- straw hat. On my f:rst appearance in the stn-et I thought 1 had dropped into a colony of cerates. The readers will, I trust, excuse the few di- gt"o"ion.s from the subject, and ero I retire for tho .night, many of you will have com™&nc«d our second day of the week, so I have la con- elusion the double pleasure of wishing them both >Ljood-night and good-morning, with a Happy New Year thrown in.
| ' ONLY TH nEE WEEKS TO LIVE."
ONLY TH nEE WEEKS TO LIVE." CHAS FORDE'S Bile Beans cured her. INDIGE -TiON, CONSTIP ATION, AND RHEUMATISM. Th,) last doctor I had told me I had only ttiieo wooks to live! But Chas. Forde's original Bile Beans cured me more than four years ago, and I liavo since remained in splendid health." This is the declaration of Mrs Ilallwood, of i 48, Edith-road, Seacombe, Cheshire. infri Ilallwood oontinued: "I had boon.II. suffe • >r fro-11 biliousness from childhood, fully thirty years Wnen I commenced the peculiar affection which marks womanhood, I was every month subject to fits in which I frequently lay Icj for two hours at a time. Tiiose fits ooihinuexl for many years. I was obliged to call in a doctor, and as he was unable to do me any good I was sent home to my parents. I was placed in the hands of three different doctors in turn, but none of thceio was able to put me rjht. I was at 1,:i-s time 19, and I had n.y suffering increased by an at'i!tCk of rheumatism wtiich laid me low. This left me weak in my left side. '\VheTl I was 25 I* married, but my married life was marred by a continuance of my illness. So I went on suffering, and ceaselessly trying various remedies and appealing to the doctors, but nothing brought me relief. The last doctor I had told m.s tha* chronic indigestion was ti Cn.lltj9 of my ailment; and I was FO bad I could not hope *0 r'-cover. 'He said 1 had only three weeks to live. I was fearfuil depressed, and was absolutely with- out hope Then I was strongly advised to try Chas. Forde's P)i!e Beans. At the time the rheumafism was very bad, and I was also suffering drcad- fuJJ7 from constipation. The first box of 'Cli-i.s Forde's' brought an undoubted change ir my ealth. ro I ocntinued the treatment, an" after a thorough ooursc of Chas. Forde's Bilb Beans t'o rheumatism, constipation, and indi- g enti' n woro all banished, and I was quite cured. j ill h) know mo wero astounded at such a won- oerfui cure, wiiich is due solely to Chas. Forde's Bile Be ins." Writii.,T to-dav, five vears later. MIs HaliT^od says: "Since Chas. Forde's Bile Beans cured me I have not had to take a dose of medicine of any kind, my health has boon so good." Mrs Hall wood's experience is genuine evidence of the extra^Hinary oxoellenoo and superiority of Chas. Fo'de's Bile Brans over all other family ieoJicinet;, an l the best of reasons why you should commence jio-,c, to take this original and g'enuim remedy.Is IsJ or 2s 9r_
Advertising
HYGIENIC ,4 Drying of Need Baildings & Damp Hooms BY THE "TURK" SYSTEM. BY USIN(I CONSTANTLY renewed, DRY, K.. HOT AND RAREFIED AIR is The "TIORK produced by Dryng System The" TÜRK YOU CAN SA VE Dryng System, MONEY AND TIME ABSORBS THE MOISTURE and this BESIDES extracts the same from the IN- TERIOR of the walls. GAINING MONEY. The constantly renewed fresh FIN D TEN ANT S outside air conveys all ABUNDANCE OF CARBONIC ACID to the mortar, M 0 R E E AS I L Y. thus hardening the same and pro- INCREASE THE SOLIDITY ducing in a very short time the CT as if the niortar had SAME EFFE 0 F YOUR WALLS. in a NATURAL W,kY. dried -ca n possibly show PROTECT your Npw BUILD No MOISTURE INGS from DESTRUCTION; your itself afterwards. TENANTS from DISEASES and WHOLE as well as their FURNITURF, and SINGLE ROOMS and F RES H L Y against being, SPOILBD through PLASTERED ROOMS are perfectl y j dampness. dried in from I to 3 days. FOR HIRE CHARGES AND ALL PARTICULARS APPLY TO GEO. BEVAN & CO., GENERAL FURNISHING IRONMONGERS, COLWYN BAY TELEPHONE 184. (Who have been appointed SOLE AGENTS FOR BANGOR, LLANDUDNO, COLWYN BAY, RHYL, ABERGELE, CONWAY. LLANRWST, DEGANWY. PENMAENMAWR. LLANFAIRFECHAN, PRESTATYN. MOSTYN, AND THE SURROUNDING DISTRICTS). All kinds of Gasfitting, Bellhangfng, Plumbing and Electrical Work contracted for. Tin, Brass and Copper | Workers, Sanitary Engineers, Grate Fitters, &c. Agents for the Eagle and Herald Ranges, Peveril and Eagle Grates, and other noted makes. PRACTICAX.^i^H 1 -N By Primrose Mcconnell.B-.Sc.
FATTING CATTLE.
FATTING CATTLE. That fatting cattle does not pay is an axiom well known to farmers, but there are a good many matters which conduce to this undesirable end. First there is the quality of the store animal to begin with. The beast with the ugly head and the hide like the sale of your boot will cost a great deal more to fatten than the well bred animal, while at the same time it will be worth less when it is fattened—a loss both ways. When put into the yard it is desirable to keep it clean and dry with plenty of litter, for the beast that has to stand in a foot of wet muck can never be happy. It is for this rea- son that in many parts of the country open yard feeding is not practised at all, and the animals are all tied up by the necks in stalls like cows, the dung removed twice a day, and the littering reduced to a mini- mum. FOOD AND WATER. Again, too much food is probably as bad as too little, especially if it is left to rot and stink in the mangers. In open yard feeding it is expected that if one animal does not finish up its allowance another one will do so, but on the other hand in stalls where each has its own manger, the attend- ant, if he is any good, can soon tell how much each animal requires—just enough to clean up and none left over. For water sup- ply it is not enough to depend on the rain water from the roofs where it runs into a tank, from which the animals drink and where it stagnates. Neither is it good 7 enough to have a well near the yard, as the source of the water, and where the sewiige is certain to soak into it. It is just as neces- sary to have good water for feeding bullocks as it is for milk cows, although this is a matter that the sanitary authorities do not interfere with as yet. HARD WEATHER. The sudden change from comparatively fine weather to wind, snow, and frost carries with it a corresponding change in the treat- ment of the live stock. On the average cf years the coldest period is the middle of January, and usually we in the south never make any preparations for winter until after I Christmas and New Year time. With all classes of stock a change in the food treat- I ment should be gradual. If for instance young horses were brought in, shut up in a yard and fed 011 oats and hay all at once, their digestive organs would be upset, and we would have cases of colic and other troubles. If, however, they are allowed out part of the day at the first then the change will be gradual and no harm will ensue, and thr. spnie principle should apply all round to alT ki-d.31 of stock. The harder weather should be q justification for improved fecd- lng g-caeraiiy, and in particular it is A GOOD otP01iTU>7ITY to commence troug-h feeding oi' tec^s cr hog- gets, Wiiere t/iese are ffoiBg- to i >Ueved off on the grass axxrmg ne#t llmLer TV a start is made now tney will be all the sooner he sooner ready when the summer comes. A very iarg-e number of Scottish cross-ured and half-bred sheep have been brought south this year, and as these have never fed out oi troughs they will sometimes not touch the cake or corn put out for them, and have actually to be shut up and starved into eating it at the first. A spell of wintry weather, there- fore, is a good opportunity for making a start in this line when their appetites are sharpened up. For other stock a strip of wood or a big rough hedge is a wonderful help in the way of shelter, and a little straw or hay put along on the bank, on the lea side, will do as well as feeding them in a yard, and will give much less trouble. COLOSTRUM. The milk of a newiy calved cow is of pecu liar constitution and we give the name of colostrum or beistings to it. Its prin- ciple component is albumen, which may be present up to 24 per cent., and which will coagulate by boiling in the same way as the albumen in any other body—say the white of an egg—will coagulate. This ex- cess will gradually decline in the milk yield until normal milk is produced by the cow about the sixth day, but the point has often arisen in the new mi ik trade as to the time that should elapse after calving until the milk is fit to send away with the ordinary consignment. Professor Gilchrist of the Durham University has been investigating this point, and in the Board of Argriculturc Journal fixes the period at three days. Just twenty-one years ago the present writer ex- amined some samples of green milk from his own cows .with the microscope for his own information and guidance, and came to the same conclusion, and has acted on it ever since. A WHOLESOME FOOD. If the milk does not show any objection- able colour or appearance it may therefore be safely mixed with the bulk after the third day, and a very good test is its abil- ity to run through a strainer without clots. It is a mistake, however, to think that this 1 1 material is not a good food from the very first. It is naturally intended r.s the first food of the young calf, but for ages it wa3 used as human food in various forms. Cheese has been made of it for home consumption, but it was used principally in the north for the manufacture of soda scones. In the ordinary way scones are baked with butter- milk or skim-milk, or whole milk and bak- ing soda mixed with flour, but beisting scones were reckoned a delicacy in former days. Apart therefore from the appearance of beisting clots in the milk supply there is nothing unwholesome in its consumption. AVERAGE WAGES. What the average wage of the farm work- man is, is rather a difficult figure to get at. A correspondent of one of the farm papers writes to say that while his men are nomin- ally reckoned to be earning fourteen shil- lings a week (in the south of England) they are really earning nineteen shillings per man (without including wife or family), and this in a district where the wages are lower than farther north. The present writer some years ago worked out his own average and found that it was about Xi For week when harvest pay, piece work, house rent, etc., etc., were all reckoned at fair value. Some few years ago a Buff Book was is- sued by Government Authority on the cost of labour on farms, but the writer docs not hesitate to say that the information contain- ed in it is entirely misleading. THE CORRECT AVERAGE. The reason of this is that the circular is- sued to farmers (which he filled up in com- mon with many others) asked only for the wages of labourers," and expressly ex- cluded cowmen, shepherds, carters, and any others who were earning anything above the ordinary "odd man." The consequence is that the official average is given at 1(is. IOd. per week for England, whereas if all kinds of workmen had been included—as they ought to have been, the average would have come out from 3s. to 4s. per week more. When all the circumstances are taken into account the farm workman is as well paid as any other class: the trouble is that many are not satisfied with a quiet country life, but want the excitement of the town, and even if a higher rae of pay were given they would not be satisfied with their surround- ings. P.S.—The author will be glad to answer any questions arising out of this article if they are addressed to him, c/o the Editor.
BRONCHIAL CATARRH.
BRONCHIAL CATARRH. A Lady's great Cure by VENO'S LIGHTMN i COUGH CURE. Mrs J. Brown, of 2. Fairfield-rd., Chehnsiord, or about a year I suffered severely from Bronchial Catarrh; I tried several pateoit medicines, but found none so sucoc'ssful as Veno's Lightning Cough Cure. After taking1 only 3 dose, I obtained groat relief, both in breathing and coughing, and after taking your great re- medy for a IlttJe time I was quite well again. I am never without a bottle of Veno's Light- ning Cough Cure in the house, a.nd shall con- tinue to reoommend it to my friends, as the finest medicine for ooughs of any kind." Veno's Ligntning Cough Cure is a safe and oertain remedy for coughs and oolds, bronchitis, asthma, catarrh, and all cheat and throat troubke. Prioe 9jd, Is Igd, and 2s 9d bottle, 01 all ohemisla.
Advertising
F. A. CONNAH, Having t it en up his Residence in COLWYN BAY, will be pleased to give his personal attention to any estimates required for the REPAIR, SUPPLY, or UP-KEEP of CYCLES, MOTORS, MAIL. CARTS, BATH CHAIRS, AND ATHLETIC GOODS OF EVEftr DESCRIPTION. Any of the above can also be had FOR HIRE by the Hour, Day or Week. INVALID CARRIAGES A SPECIALITY. Humber, Swift, Raleigh, Singer, Wearwell, Balmoral, and Rtyal Welsh Cycles, supplied for either CASH, EXCHANGE, or for EASY PAYMENTS. HUMBER CYCLES can all be fitted with the Humber Cardner Three-speed Gear and the Oil Bath. RALEIGH CYCLES were the first Cycles to be regularly fitted with the Three-speed Gear and set the fashion in this respect, while for years they have fitted the Oil Bath on them. 9.12 12s. Od. SINGER'S GRAND MODELS have the Perfect Oil Bath as a standard in its equipment as well as either Two or Three-speed Gear. SWIFT CYCLES are also in the van of Speed Gears, Oil Baths, and other Up-to-date Pointl so get my quotations before you decide upon your New Mount. Liberal Allowances both for Old Machines and for Cash. FRANK ?Oc. EONNAH, NORTH WALES CYCLE AND MOTOR CO. ABERGELE ROAD, COLWYN BAY. VALUE FOR MONEY! Our Specialities: -BUT rER and TEA, Quality:—THE BEST. Prices :-RIOHT. T. ROBERTS, Station Road, Colwyn Bay, GROCER, BAKER & FROVISION MERCHANT. EVERYTHING WE SELL WE GUARANTEE. "a.r':Tiwnn:-=- II Davies Bros., Butchers. II | 1,6,IE have catered for the Public for many years. Our Business has grown I. With the growth of the District, and our reputation for reliable and deli- cious Meat is stronger than ever. At this season of the year we offer MUTTON, BEEF, PORK, &c., of the PRIMEST QUALITY Which we believe will give satisfaction to all who Buy I Windsor Hcuse, Abergela Rd„ Colwyn Bay, & Doughty Bulletin*I Which we believe will give satisfaction to all who Buy I Windsor Hcuse, Abergela Rd„ Colwyn Bay, & Doughty Bulletin*I —,— rnrmm | M You cannot be Dull ettker Summer or Winter IF YOU POSSESS A a t Gramophone. SIT pnws H0W^SM5af?Pstcardfo' Oil liUtin teUf* LiSt and fui- particulars from As Cheeltifiin? 47.8.0., Euc™°,A"- eTC" 1 12, Pl» STREET, RHYL 3 Telephone—3x2. Telegrams—" CrlEETHAM," RHYL ''T'/T T1\vi™E^r™ THE Gramophone Specialist of North "Wale THE LARGEST STOCK OF MACHINES AND RECORDS IN NORTH WALES. sar. Several types of the Gramophone GRAND now on view it eluding the" SHERATON GRAND as supplied to H.M the Queen for use at Sandringham. Machines, Records, etc., sent Carriage Paid to any part of the Country. REPAIRS TO ALL CLASSES OF MACHINES. ■ Ill IIIIIMI II Mil llll Illlll ■ III! '"1r.o- III II IIII ■■ llll II IB11 I il III 111 II IIWIIMMiml III III—I Jl MJ— Sisnlight Soap j j! Q I '>-ç:' I 4C- J?0- Eff W&m lb I Sunlight Soap is loved by the old j I because they remember the time when there was no Sunlight-vlash-day then was long and tedious. The young love I Sunlight because they do not remember being without it. They have grown up with it and know it is PUREST AND BEST. j In Double Tablets, at 3;id., 3d., 2d. and 2d. LEVER BROTHERS, LIMITED, PORT SUNLIGHT, ENGLAND, THE NAME LEVER OR SOAP IS A SUARAMTEE Of PURITY aiD EXCELLEICE.