The Welsh Coast Pioneer and Review for North Cambria

HUMORS OF HISTORY." WOMEN'S RIGHTS A.D. 1135. "On the death cf Henry, Stephen (son of the Conqueror's daughter who had married the Earl of Blois) claimed the throne in opposition to Maud-or Matilda-the daughter of Henry. Stephen gained the support of the Barons by granting them the privelege of hunting in their own forests, and of building new castles on their estates. He also promised to abolish the Danegeld in his next Budget, and to preserve the rights of the clergy. Matilda, enraged by being defrauded of her right to the crown, sought the aid of David, King of Scotland, who invaded England."—"The New History of England." This serie3 of 160 pictures, entitled Humors of History," appearing weekly in this journal, is now being reprodncad in colour on plate pap jr. cloth bound, gilt. at 2/6 nett, and will be published in September, £2,000 having been spent in its production by tha Morning Lealor," London. Specimen Colored Plate on application. — —— I HAWLIAU MERCHED A.D. 1135. Ar farwolaeth Henry, bawliodd Stephan (mab i ferch y Gorchfygwr, yr hon a briododd Iarll Blois) yr orsedd mewn cydymgais a Maud-- neu Matilda—merch Harri. Cafodd Stephen gefnogaeth y Barwniaid trwy ganiatau iddynt y fraint o hela yn eu fforestydd eu hunain ac oadeiladu cestyll newyddion ar eu hetifeddiaethau. Addawodd hefyd ddileu y Danegeld yn ei Gyllideb nesaf ac i noddi iawnderau y clerigwyr. Matilda, yn llidiog am iddi gael ei hamddifadu o'r Goron trwy dwyll, a geisiodd gynorthwy Dafydd, Brenin yr Alban, yr hwn a oresgynodd Loegr."

DISFRANCHISED FOR SERVING KING AND COUNTRY. Whilst Training at Beaumaris Soldier-a Family on the Parish. At Friday's meeting of the Holywell Board of Guardians, the relieving offioer reported he had received an application from the wife of a Flint. Militia.man who had been called up for five weeks training at Eeaumaris-for relief for her- self and her five children. The Chairman (Mr Prinoe): It is a great shame to take a man away to the training and leave his family to be kept by the parish. A man serves his King and country, and is disfranchised by his family becoming paupers. Mr Battens: He gets a shilling a day. Why does he not sond that home to his wife? Mr H. Powell: That ishis pocket money. I Mr T. Humphreys: The law is bad on the face of it, and I think the authorities should alter it. It is enough to prevent any man joining a regiment. Mr Batters: Write to the War Office. Get your own member to call Mr Haldane's attention to it. The Chairman: It shall not end here. It is time something was done.

On Wednesday, July 10th, upon the invitation 0: the Right Hon. J. E. Ellis, M.P., a num- ber of members of the House of Commons will breakfast together at Westminster Palace Hotel, and afterwards confer with a view to securing an effective Licensing Bill at the outset of the next Session. The Council of the Aberystwyth University College have accepted the resignation of Miss Brebner, lecturer in modern languages; Miss Gibson, assistant lecturer in education and method; and Mr J. Glyn Davies, Welsh hbrnr- ian.

THE AMERICAN TROTTER. We have been hearing a lot about the American Trotting horse lately, and in for- tion about them will be interesting. It is practically the only breed that has been de- veloped in the United States, for every other kind in use there has been imported direct and is kept up by fresh importations from time to time. Even this breed is to a large extent of English origin, for one of its most important sources was the thoroughbred, many sires of this kind having been import- ed as far back as the end of the 18th cen- tury. Since then its development and differ- entiation have gone on, but many refuse to recognise it as a distinctive breed, because its type is not yet fixed." The description given by an American authority is as fol- lows "A lean intelligent head medium, long, refinod and graceful neck sloping, well-laid shoulders sharp withers fairly level, short, strong back graceful, muscu- lar croup, with tail well carried and set high lean muscular thigh round deep body and legs short, clean, fine boned, and with excellent feet. This horse has a strong long, quick stride, a clean hock action, and greater activity of motion than any other trotter known. Stallion weighs 1,150 lbs., and mare 900 lbs. while any colour will pass, bays and browns are most numerous." THE TROTTER AND THE PACER. It is the fastest trotter in the world, and a record of a mile in one minute fifty-five and a quarter seconds has been attained. In a list of performances of individuals of this breed lying before the writer it seems that a mile in two minutes has been exceeded on many occasions. There was a National As- sociation of Trotting Horse Breeders started in 1876, and the organisation amended in 1882, and this has kept a register and issued rules for guidance. A distinction is made between the Pacer and the Trotter: they are varieties derived from the same ancestry, and under the care of the same society, but there is a difference in the gait. The Pacer moves both legs on one aide at the same time in- stead of the alternate fore and hind legs as with the ordinary horse, and is thus dis- tinctively peculiar. HAYMAKING. The writer, like many others in the south, is now in the middle of getting his hay crop saved, and hopes by the time these lines arc in print to be well through with the job if the weather only keeps fairly respectable. It is strange that so many great differences ex- ist in the practices of different districts, for while we in the south have to hurry on be- cause the lucerne and grass and clover are getting too ripe, we read of continuous cold wet weather in the north, and that hay- making will not be begun for a month yet. The writer would like to call attention to what he considers a fact in this connection, viz., that we do too much to the hay in making it, and really waste a lot of labour over it. We have in the old days laboriously turned over acre after acre with hand rakes, and now we have all sorts of varieties of tedders, kickers, and swathe-turners for this kind of work, but the point of the present MI iter is that this kind of work should not be done at all, at least not in an ordinary season. TO MUCH WORK. The writer has in his time helped to f make" many thousands of acres of hay, and latterly has ceased to make it at all, al- though a tedder or swathe turner is kept sitting in the field ready for use if desired. The grass or other forage is cut, lies from one to four days to dry and make itself, is then raked into windrows, these raked again into heaps, and the sweep-rakes carry the lat- ter to the stack. If the weather is bad the natural swathe shoots off the rain and pre- serves the hay from spoiling much better than if it had been rumpled up by turning, while putting into cock when half dried and turning the cocks (and making up again) is the best plan in broken weather. When the weather is fairly good or regularly fine, how- ever, all turning and cocking is entirely un- necessary, and the present writer is only one among many who has found it so. Of course much depends on the weather, and a crop of ay over two tons per acre may need some rraking, but with an ordinary crop and or- dinary weather i.will make itself. COMPOSTS. In some parts of the country there is often a slack season before haymaking or harvest- ing begins, and the master looks round for some useful work to put his men on to, so as to profitably fill up the time. The making of compost heaps has from time immemorial beeu one of the jobs coming under this cate- gory, but it may at once be said that the profitableness of this work is open to ques- tion nowadays. There was a time when manurial substances were scarce and labour was cheap and plentiful, and it paid to dig clay and marl to spread on the land, and burn the stiff soil on a field, and do many other things of a similar nature, which no one would dream of doing nowadays. The range of manurial materials is very .,aucli widened and cheapened in our time and the cost of labour increased. A comparatively small amount of artificial manure will con- tain as much fertility as a very big heap of compost, while the labour of applying it is i infinitely less, and therefore compost making now is really a question of which is the best way to get rid of some of the bulky rubbish about a farm. THE USE OF LIME. Such things as hedge banks, ditch and pond cleanings, potato-tops, and any and every kind of earthy and vegetable rubbish can be got rid of this way. If such were to be spread on the land just as it is then it would tangle up the implements in working and foul th. land with seeds of all kinds (f WOL-CIS, and it must therefore be put into a heap first and rotted before using to kill the weeds and "shorten the material. If lime is added or sprinkled on it as the process of making up the heap goes on, then so much the better, and gas lime is exceedingly suit- able for this use. It is much better to sprinkle this on as the making up proceeds, so as to render it unnecessary to waste lab- our turning the heap over. After all, how- ever, compost making is a necessary evil. We must get rid of the rubbish somehow, and if we cannot put it down at the bottom of a dunghill, and put the dung on top, we must pile it up as it is, wait till it rots and get the most out of it we can by using it as a top dressing. FALLOWING. The bare fallow has not yet been done away with, and indeed is not likely to dis- appear as a means of cleaning a clay soil. On land of a stiff nature a fallow crop is grown with great difficulty, and therefore the soil must be cleaned and renovated some other way, and the bare fallow fulfils this object. At any rate the present writer has had to return to the system after dropping it and trying other methods. It succeeds best, of course, in a dry district and on a stiff soil, in but strange to say it requires a certain amount of rain to make the thing a suc- cess. Some people like to keep their fallow cloddy, and only have the clods baked in the sun as it were, but if this is done then none of, the seeds of weeds are killed, and will grow during the next season. WORK THE SOIL. It is desirable to have sufficient wet on the pillow to sprout everything, and then the next stroke of the cultivator will uproot and kili the seedlings. Last year was so dry in many districts that no sprouting took place, with the result that the crop this year is full of weeds in spite of the fallowing. To ex- pedite the growth and ejftermination of everything the soil should be worked fine toj fine in a wet year would of course be bad, but too lumpy in a dry year is just as bad. Ten or a dozen times over the land in the course of a season is not to) often—say hree ploughings and the rest with roller, harrow, and cultivator as may be thought necessary. P.S.—The author will be glad to answer any questions arising out of this article, if they are addressed to him, c/o the Editor. -—

Mr Peter J. Kelly, an Irish magistrate, was committed for trial at Galway on & oharge of having used language calculated to incite to the murder of Lord Ashtown, at a moeting of the United Irish League.

-< MYKROL SHEEP DIPS Are recognised to be tho MYKROL HORSE WASH MYKROL CATTLE WASH disinfectants extant. Perfect Cure for Scab. A guaranteed cure of all Skin Diseases, a protection against all Germ and Insect Life. k MYKROL SHEEP DIPS have held their own for Fifty Years. MYKROL Disinfectant Fluid and Powder, and Mykrol Soft Soap stand first in every household and are supplied by every up-to-date Chemist. and Stores throughout the County. Bone Phosphate & Chemical Co., Ltd., FLINT, NORTH WALES. BUY YOUR TEA FROM THE GROCER. ASK FOE PUREST AND BEST. 1/8, 2/=, 2/4. Wholesale Address—E. J. &. W. HIGGINS, 3 & 4, Bury Court, St. Mary Axe, London Representative—W. G. Mob ey, Dingle Beach, Colwyn Bay. — ■> WHAT DO YOU WANT? If you want To Let Apartments If you want Apartments If you want a Servant If you want a Situation If you want Professional Engagements If you want to Sell or Buy If you want More Business If you want Anything Advertise your Wants in the WELSH COAST PIONEER Series of Newspapers. USE THIS FORM I words 6d. ———————— ———————— 1 ———————— ———————— (or less) 3 Weeks ts. —————— ——————————— a words ^4 (x Week) lb. — 3 Weeks 2s. 32 TWeek) I 3 Weeks 3s. 40 words 25 r~ (I week) 1f-'o NAME ADDRESS j PLEASE FILL IN THE ABOVE FORM with the words of your Ad f .vertisement, and send it, with Postal Order or Halfpenny Stamps, to The Publishers, The" Pioneer Offices, Colwyn Bay, 1 not later than Thursday Morning's Post. Tho Welch Hnaci Pio»lOOI»hasalarge&increa3ia2circulati0a Flintshire, Dea- I I»■ vlol| vuflgl riUI|v«l bighshire, Carnarvonshire, Merionethshire & Anglesey AU:?..t.. Li Mr:; &4: ?\{ .f: t (. }: e. -=- £ 1 .Æ AMiJ\ tZ}!:3WQ) L":JAI.t)OU Do you realize the time spent at the wash-tub ? One day in seven means one year in every seven. Think— ten years in the allotted span of life given over to rub-a-dub! A moment's thought on the quality of your soap will make all the difference to those years of labour. SUNLIGHT SOAP turns the hours to good account. It is made from Nature's purest oils, and ensures sweet clothes without drudgery. Double Tablets, price 3"d., 3d., 2"d. and 2d. LEVER BROTHERS, LIMITED, PORT SUNLIGHT, ENGLAND. TIE LEVER 81 10AP IS A MMAMEE IF PUlln Ala EICElLEICL f

Wales that there should be DO mixed schools, and he could quote instances in Carnarvon and other towns which would certainly influence them to come round to his opinion. Mr Allanson Picton stated that he had known mixed schools in London with 1200 to 1400 ohildren. Mr Issard Davies had spoken of boys and girls being together, but did not God put them together in the same families? Then it was a shame why they, as educationalists, should not put them together to be educated. Surely they were bettor together in the schools, under strict discipline, than in the streets wher they could not bo kept apart. What was the good of n.oral training, and what a mockery n religious instruction was if they could not trust, bovs and girls together? Rev. T. J. Wheldon quite agreed with Mr Allanson Pioton. Mr issard Davies remarked that they were trying in Walas to establish a national system of education, but it was no use establishing such a system if it did not receive the appro- val and confidence of the oountrv. The Chairman: What about the County Sahools ? Mr C. H. Darbibhixe said that the committee had been going on the principle of mixed sohoois. Mr John Owen, Llandudno, quite agreed with Mr Issard Davies. There was a difference, he oaid, between children on the hearth and children in school, and he preferred to see boys and girls together on the hearth. As a parent he was against mixed schools unless the dis- cipline was very strict indeed. The Chairman said that before the Llanberis School was converted into a mixed school the precaution was taken of seeing what was being done all over the country, and they found that in all the big towns educationalists favoured mixed schools. That view prevailed in Scot- land, and surely they could follow the example of that country. No action was taken. REPAIRS OF NON-PROVIDED SCHOOLS. Mr W. George asked a question regarding the repairs in the non-provided schools. The Secretary replied that the Upper Ban- gor School managers had undertaken to repair their school, and also the St. Mary's School in the kaine city. He reminded the committee that they had given the contractors of their own schools a much longer period than they were giving the managers of the N.P. Schools to carry out similar work. As regarded the Great Orme School the architect had not been able to finally formulate the demands of the com- mittee, and until tixise demands were formula- ted they could not, press the managers. In regard to the- Ponmaohno Sohcol the oomnut- tee had insisted upon the mana-gens carrying out the work, or they would not become re- s[>oiLsible for the school. In South Carnarvon- shire there were several N.P. Schools which must be re-paired. Llanengan did all that was neceeaarv after the appointed day. and after- wards the managers introduced a mothod for dealing with the drainage of the place, but that was not- working satisfactorily- The pro per notices bad been served upon all schools in default- The Chairman: We have given them so many oh a noes that I think we must brinq- mat- ters to a close. Thcfie schools must be aban- doned unless the repairs are carried out (hear, hear). Mr Issard Davies: What about 01.r own schools? If y«u go to court you must fo there with clean hands. The Chairman: Wo have spent so muoh money on our schools and Mr Issard Davies: Yes, and the C'huroh- people'have got to beg the money, every penny of it. Mr Richard Davies explained that the Coun- cil Schools belonged to tihe county, but the Church Schools did not. although the county w-M becoming liable for them. The discussion ended without any motion be- ing proposed. THE NORTH CARNARVONSHIRE SCHOOLS. The North Carnarvonshire Enquiry Commit- teo reported having made a tour of a number of schools in North Carnarvon- A letter hav- ing- been read from the correspondent of the Penmaenmawr N.P. Sohool intimating that the managers were unwilling to make a.ny pro- vision to relieve the overcrowding complained of by the Board of Education, the committee visited the premises and suggested that a por- table school building be provided for tempor- ary school purposes- Before deoiding anything in the matter, how- ever. it was decided that a return should 00 made by the attendance officer for the d strict of all til*, children of school age living in the Peom-aenan Ward west of Plas Mawr, it being thought that the infant children living on tha east of Plas Mawr could be accommodated at the existing Penmaenmawr Council School- A letter was read from Mr Edward Ellis, of Liverpool, offering to sell the field adjoining the Caersalem School premises, part of which is now being used for the purposes of a play- ground. for JE650. The oommittee in^pcc ed this site, and also another site nearer thn shore, whieh, however, they considered at too low a level. It was resolved that further enquiries- bo made as to the possibility of acquiring other suihuble sites, and that the architoot prepare a sketch plan showing how Mr Ellis's land could be used to the best advantage. It was resolved that the proposal for a new 'd school at Llanlleohid be abandoned for the present- and that improvements be carried cut on the existing school premises. Despite a protest from some of the managers it was agreed to convert the Deiniolen School into a mixed department. A letter was read from the Rev. David Jones, vicar of Penmaenmawr claiming that th0 furniture and other equipment at the Dwy- gyfvlohi N.P. School is the property of the foundation managers, and offering, on t'o ocm- clusion of their tenancy, on the 30th June instant, to make an arrangement with the L.E.A. to leave the same on the premises. 3-n terms to be arranged for tho 1100 of the L.E.A. It was resolved that full power be civen to Messrs C. II. Darbiahire and J. Allanson Pio- ton to make suoh arrangements as they de?m proper wtth regard to the furniture and. if necessary, to make representations to the Board of Education as to the ownership th.So of. Mr Darbishire reported that the Dwygyfylohi Sohool would be handed over to the county on Julv 1st. 1. A SIGNIFICANT REFUSAL. The Staff Committee recommended that the invitation of the Denbighshire Local Education Authority to Appoint representatives to attend a oonforenoe for the consideration of the ques- tion of teacher's salaries be not acoepted- 1. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. The School, Attendance Committee reported that for the quarter ended April 26th the Ban- gor district had the best record of attendance, both for iafaiuta and children over five. The average attendance of the infanta was 333, as against 230.7 in the Carnarvon district, the next on the list. The lowest on the list was Bottwnog. It was decided that an increase of JE5 per annum in the salaries of eight school attend- ance officers be granted, the increase to cover all expenses other than those incurred in at- tending prosecutions and to inolude payment for extra work in assisting the N.S.P.C.C- i'n connection with cases of neglected or underfed children. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION A letter was read from Mr Thomas Winter, secretary of the Joint Agricultural Committee of the County Council and the University 001- lege. calling the attention of the committee to the public conferences for the discussion of the question of elementary education in rural sohoois, which have been held in the counties of Denbigh and Merioneth, and suggesting that as a large proportion of the children in Car- narvonshire are, after leaving school, engaged in agricultural pursuits as much time as pos- sible should be given in rural sohoois to the study of subjects having a direot. bearing upon agriculture. BANGOR NORMAL COLLEGE. PROPOSED TRANSFERENCE TO THE COUNTY COUNCILS. The report of a Joint Committee appointed by the County Councils of Carnarvon- shire and Anglesey to consider a pro- posal for the transfer of the Bangor Normal College to the Education Authori- ties of the counties named 10 was sub- mitted. The Joint Committee recommended (a) that the County Councils of Carnarvonshire and Anglesey respectively be recommended to formulate a scheme to establish a Joint Educa-, tion Committee to take over the administration' of the Bangor Normal College, such committee to consist of nine members of the Carnarvon- shire County Council to be appointed by them, and three members of the Anglesey County Council, to be appointed by that body, together with three co-opted members representative o! the University College of North Wales and the elementary and secondary school teachers of Carnarvonshire and Anglesey; that an additional co-opted member representative of the present Committee of Management of the Bang-of Nor- mal College be appointed for the first five years of the existence of the Joint Education Com- mittee (b) that the contributions of the re- spective Councils towards the current expendi- ture and capital outlay be on the basis of and in proportion to the rateable value; (c) that the respective County Councils be recommended to accept a transfer of the buildings and other property now vested in the trustees of the Ban- gor Normal College, subject to the payment of an annual rent of £ 50 to the trustees, such sum to be utilised in accordance with a scheme to bo formulated by the Board of Education, but to be spent in some way for the benefit of the college or its students; (d) that the respective County Councils be recommended to delegate to the Joint Education Committee all powers relating to the training of teachers in the Ban- gor Normal College, together with other such matters as the respective Councils may, with the sanction of the Board of Education, from time I to time determine; (e) that the draft scheme for the constitution of the Joint Education Committee be submitted for adoption at the next meeting of the County C'ounoils of Car- narvonshire and Anglesey respectively, and that Mcesrs D. P. Williams and J. R. Davies be appointed with the secretary to finally agree upon the terms thereof. The Chairman said he thought Carnarvon- shire should join Anglesey in the scheme. With the exception of ijSO, which would be devoted to scholarships. there would be no charges upon the county- Mr Issard Davies: Am I right in saying that 75 per cent, of the money will be given by the Treasury ? The Chairman: Yes. Mr Iseard Davies: But there is a possibility in the future of training being gl vet-, free. If so. what would our position be ? Could wo not then ask the six counties to help us, se-eing that they send their quota of students? The Chairman We can always regulate the fees subject, to the Board of Eduoation. Mr Issard J'avies hoped that the matter would be pushed through at aid h1* nsovod that a special meeting should be called with that objeot. The Secretary: If the two counties adopt the scheme and appoint twelve members, it is in operation. Mr Richard Tavies said it was rather im- port?. nt that someone should thoroughly ex- plain the details to the County Council or they would run away with the idea that an- other white elephant was to be placed cn tho rates. The County Council should Le clearly informed that the College was eelf-supporting. Personally, he thought there should be some provision whereby the teachers from Anglesey and Carnarvonshire could have a claim upon the College. TlIc Chairman pointed out that the question I of admitting students would be left ia the hands of the College Committee. Rev. T. J. Wheldon remarked that the re- sult of limitation was deterioration. and whether the College oame under the County Council or not, it should have a good olaes of students wherever they cam from. The report of the committee was adopted. EDUCATIONAL ENDOWMENTS. Mr W. George moved that a special commit- ter be appointed to inquire into the educa- tional charities in the county, and to report thereon to the next meeting. He said there were many such endowments in the oounty, and the proposed committee should obtain firat hand information concerning them. He was not, going to prejudge the question, but it must not be assumed that all these endow- ments were necessarily denominational. It would probably be found that several of them were of a more general character than had hitherto been supposed. The motion was carried, the Chairman. Messrs Issard Davies. W. George, and J. R. Pritchard being appointed on the committee. LENIENT PWLLIIELI MAGISTRATES. Presenting the report of the Attendance I Ise Committee, Mr J. R. Pritchard praised the Conway Benoh for the manner they dealt with parents brought before them by the Sohool Attendance Officer. They meted out ji slice- nothing more, and nothm-r less (tiear hear) Regarding the Pwllheli Benoh. however, the magistrates thr>ro wore far too lenien. They allowed the same offenders to appear before thorn three times in ree-peot of the same cases being almost made to cry by the wails of the paronti* whilst the committee's advocate Mr Issard Davies (interposing); Nearly ones, too (loud laughter). J Mr Pritchard, continuing, said that outside the court the parents, having been fined a small amount, exclaimed "We have done them again (laughter). The Secretary thanked Mr Pritchard for revealing a new side of his character (laugh- ter). He was glad to say that the Pwllheli offenders'03 W°'re "OW makin= an example of PROPOSED NEW SCHOOLS. It was decided that the proposal ft. the provision of a new school at Bettwsyooed be deferred to enable the committee to further discuss the matter with H.M. Inspector It was agreed to take the Elim Chapel Schoolroom and the Moriah Chapel School- room in order to pron-id-o accommodation for the children of the Portdinorwic Council School during the erection of the new premises- The managers of the i enmachno N. P. Sohool were requested to place the building in a condition of structural efficiency uurine the summer holidays. 6 The Building Committee reported that they had not yet been able to deal with the follow- ing schools in such a way as to be able to submit complete schemes for the consideration of the Board in time to enable them to put th., work in hand this year, viz.: --Glanwydd- en, Dolbadarn, Deiniolen, Caeathraw, Talv- sarn Llanllyfni, Nantlle. Bettwsvcoed, Roe- won, lalybont. Penmorfa, Pentrefeiin. Snow- don Street. Troedyrallt- It being felt that the amount of work al- ready on hand was of suoh a oharacter as to make it impossible for any further schemes to be put actually in operation during this year it was decided that a strong appeal be mado to the Board of Education to allow these schemes to stand over until next year and that they be asked to allow the sc'iernoi sohe- 1909 tD oa"rr'etl out ia tlfe year It was further agreed that the architect 00 instructed to submit for the consideration of the Sub Plans Committee schemes in eaoh of the oases mentioned in the foregoing para- graph, within the next three months, so as to enable th^ Building Committee, at a meeting to be held in mid-September, to finally adopt all ectiom(* to be carried out during the year 1908.