The Welsh Coast Pioneer and Review for North Cambria

— Educational. ART CLASSES. 63 HOLMES, A Art Mistress, South Kensington; Exhibitor at Member n/*tMc '5'er' Liverpool, Sonthport, d~c. Iniktn.i., Ladies' Art Society, Conway; & ^ECKiYTia Ti8 to the Technical Classes, Colwyn Bay. Sh&dirT r> P]F'8 ^or instruction in Drawing, ^lodpl ^'<^>a^nting in Oils and Water Colour from from xt 5'a,8t8 and Natural Objects; Sketching PI ^e' Modelling and Design. ^s: Wednesdays and Saturdays. arrangements made for private lessons Studln » and for visitors. Chambers. Abergele Rd., Colwyn Bay. VIOLIN LESSONS. | W. CLAXTO I Solo Violinist and Teacher, < Miss CLAXTON, AND I from the Conservatoire, Brussels, VISITS COLWYN BAY TUESDAY and FRIDAY. Visits Elanrwst, Trefriw and Bangor. TERMS APPLY TO CLAXTON'S MUSIC Depot, LLANDUDNO. 49 j Alr. J. W. P. ARROWSMITH, A.Mus., L.C.M., A.T.S.C. (PENOERDD MANCUNIUM), Professor of Music. organist OF ALL saints- church, DEGANWY. ses Wessons in Singing,Harmony,Piano,Organ,&c. ■for CeSSfU^ Reparation for all Music Examinations. apply Yale View Terrace, Llandudno 0*?*; or ^r* -A-. J- Fleet, Music Warehouse, ^gBAY. 870 -==-=-=== CONWAY COLLEGE, | NORTH WALES. j Iteaamaster: T. C. E. DANIELS, M.A., Assisted by experienced University Tutors. 1 Boys prepared for the University Local Examinations, .yg College of Preceptors, &c. j B O!S ARE ADMITTED FROM SEVEN YEARS OF AGE. Classes are small, and each Boy receives much individual attention. SpfiClAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOYS. 773 PIANOFORTE. VOICE PRODUCTION. P Mr. W. DAVIES, Professor of Music, pupils in any of the above subjects for •^in]688*011' or (tf necessary) for Degrees or tlii!,0tna8» at ali the Musical Colleges and laities. FIRST-CLASS TUITION. ^SSONS IN HARMONY ALSO GIVEN. COtWYN BAY, on SATURDAYS, at Mr. Fleet's Music Warehouse. tatter^8, Moderate; and to be obtained personally, or by Be It Mr. Fleet's; or at Hafod, Deganwy. .\11 W. Davies' latest and most popular Song, The R Answer," in keys to suit all voices, post free 1/6. 7"6 tjt ISS MALDWYN PRICE, I.S.M., R.A.M y (cert.), gives Lessons in eve °e ^ro^uct'on' Solo Singing, Piano, & Theory, 4^^ Thursday, at Mr. Fleet's Music Warehouse, Ab, rgelo ]Road, Colwyn Bay; and daily at Trewen Conway. 705 VIOLIN LESSONS. M — *1 ss ISABEL HEWITT GivEs LESSONS IN Colwtn Bat and Neighboubhood. 637 EPARATORY school For GIRLS and BOYS, from age of 4. QSlLDHEN RECEIVED for the SOLID AYS Careful Grounding. r House, Hawarden Rd., Colwyn Bay A. J. FLEET, 14TJSIC WAREHOUSE, COLWYN BAY. lanos, Organs, Harmoniums For Sale or on Hire. First-class Tuning and Repairing. ner to the Pier Pavilion and Biviere's Hall, Llandudno. VIOLINS. Strings of finest quality. ^IRON. FRAMED PIANOS from £ 16 new. NEY LENT PRIVATELY %*?rr'nm £ ,° upwards, h^n be^, 0Wn Promissory Note. The under- «Way8 established for nearly 30 years, and »t?? ''as .1 business under his own name, "*ed for*v&rr?y8 en<*eavoured to act in a fair and « « letw manner, and has received many hun- *ho hn^T'j °* appreciation and thanks from No pt dealt with him. J^ELIMINAET FEES CHARGED, xv fftOMptiBILLS OP SALE TAKEN. ATTention TO ENQUIRIES. be' B«6rrH8 t°r Advances, or any information free of charge, on application w QfeoKft,0* by letter to KvIE PA\ NE, Accountant, j p 3, Crescent Road Rhyl

Memories of Past Days. Notes. OLD WELSH LIBRARIES. The Library of the late Rjhert ¥01 us, oj Rotherliithe (Continued.) Pugh (E.) Annerch y Cymry 1801 Jones (T.) Duwiol Goffadwriaethau, calf gilt, Caerfyrddin 1774 Evans (T.) Pwyll y Pader, calf gilt, Mwythig: 1733 Davies (R.) Ieithiadur, Dinbych 1818 Evans (E.) Ffordd Duw, half calf, Colwyn 1852 Erskine (E.) Siccrwydd Ffydd, half calf, Caerfyrddin 1759 Jones (J. M.) Gramadeg Cymreig, half calf, Llanidloes ii. d. Esop's Fables in Welsh, by Glan Alun, woodcuts, Wrexham n. d. Australia, Gwlad yr Aur, map, half calf, Caernarfon I n. d. London, Rhyfeddodau Llundain, plan, half calf, Caernarfon n. d. Dwy Daith i Gaersalem, calf gilt, Am. wythig ii. d. Evans (T.), Drych y l'rif Oesoedd, half calf gilt, Caerfyrddin 1854 Josephus (F.), Dinystr Jerusalem, gan E. Thomas, half calf, Llangollen 1845 Jones (J.), Cadwedigaeth y Gymraeg, half morocco, Caerfyrddin 1820 Thomas (T.), Wisg Weii Ddisglaer, calf gilt, Dolgellau n. d. Thomas (J.), Tystiolaeth y Credadyn, half calf, Caerfvrddiii 1808 ihomas (R. D.), Yr Ymfudwr, half calf, Albion-Wasg 1854 Thomas [Arfonwyson] (J. W.), Serydd- iaeth, cuts, half calf, Caernarfon n. d. Thomas (E.), Caniadau, half calf, Caer- narfon I 1841 Thomas (G.), Corph v Gainge, half calf extra, Dolgellau 1810 Shadrach (A.), Cadernid y Cyfammod, Caerfyrddin, 1811—Drych Cywir y Gwrthgiliwr, ib. 1807—Llygredd Dynol- iaeth, n. d.—Russell (F. L.), Letters and Diary, n. d.—Catecism Byraf, Caerfyr- ddin, 1S06—Palmer (S.), Catecism, ib. 1803, in i vol. Garddwr Cymreig, half calf, Caernarfon, n. d.—Ewing (C.), Garddwr in Amaeth- wr, ib. 1860 (2) (To be continucd.) THE LATE SHIRLEY BROOKS IN WALES. —The late editor of Punch" had an in- timate knowledge of Wales and Welsh- men, to whom he was very partial. In 1869 Mr Brooks made a Welsh tour, and some of his experiences were given in his column-" Nothing in the Papers "-of the Illustrated London News." In one he says:— "I am in Wales, deep in the heart of its most mountainous district; and a glorious region it is, and the Prince is to be congratulated on his Princi- pality. It is not my intention to forstal myself, and anticipate the contents of the remarkable and ex- haustive book which a publisher may-I only say may—induce me to prepare on the subject of Wales but I feel moved to say that a good deal of travel here, and divers enquiries of those who would speak truthfully do not tend to make me take part with civilizers, as they call themselves. I cannot but think that too much has been incon- siderately said about the Welsh language, Welsh literature, and the Welsh habit of mind. I cannot speak the language, I cannot read the literature, and all the natives whom I know are more or less Anglicised, in thought as well as in speech. But I contrast the criminal returns with those of the adjacent English counties (I do not include a hot- bed of crime like Liverpool, where the magistrates have just crushed out about 600 beershops), and I find that the exclusiveness, narrow-mindedness (if you like), and red-hot Calvinism of the masses keep Wales an example to the rest of the kingdom." I This appeared on the 18th of September, 1869, and in a letter I received from him, dated Sept. 30, Mr Shirley Brooks says, I am glad that aught I have said about Wales and Welshmen is acceptable. I write from a long conviction, not from any holiday impressions, though these have confirmed my original belief. You will see I have returned to the charge in the N. in P. (" Illustrated News") in next Saturday's paper, and I may have more to say. I wish, however, that I could get at some return of the statistics of crime and convictions in the Principality, which I could contrast with those in England and Scotland. Perhaps you may have some- thing of the sort in your library, or could tell me whether any such return has lately been made. Some folks like figures. At your leisure, think of this or one of your Welsh members might be able to help me. I could not manage Oswestry this time, &c., &c." In this letter was enclosed a proof-slip of the paragraph which appeared in the Illustrated News of the 2nd of October. The following is an extract "There appears to be a notion that the Establish- ed Church in Wales is to be an object of early attack. I have nothing to say to that question here; but I feel very strongly that the Archbishop of Canterbury, who has shewn so much skill in the management of the Irish struggle, and who has since given such wise advice to the English Church; will tell those who would maintain the Welsh Establishment that they are not going to work in the right way. These are two things that they ought not to do They should not insult the native ministers of religion, and they should not call the language barbarous. I may have very little liking for the hot faith which is given unto the Welsh but in the first, place, they like it themselves and in the second, it keeps the country very free from crime. What we are vainly trying to do, in the case of the profligate myriads among us-namely, force on them an education that shall give them a moral sense-has been done in Wales to a very large extent; and it has been mainly done by the dissenting teachers. It is, of course, natural for educated men to have a distaste for the homely and dramatic in sermons. Such men do not wish to hear Scripture narrative put into modern and plebian dress, and deprived of its Oriental character and poetry. But it is by this process only that it can be sent into the minds of colliers and quarry- men and that religious teaching of this rough sort does work upon them is simply undeniable. If by any chance you can lay hold of such natures, and make the men moral, it is almost a crime to protest against such means. The Welsh people should be let alone until you can show in your own Black Country, your metropolis, and your seaports, any- thing like the good morality which prevails in the Principality. As to the language being barbarous, that is a word which means anything—it is what Voltaire called Shakespeare, and what Voltaire's countrymen called the language of Shakespeare's countrymen. But so far as it is meant to be con- temptuous, I think it is a mistake, like all insult in the gross. What harm does the Welsh language do anybody ? The Welshman can read his Bible, and can teach his children, and his English ear is quite good enough to catch a word in the field of battle—as, for instance, when the Welsh Fusiliers flung themselves on the Russians with such fury that a French Marshal cried for joy at the sight! They may not be what is called an affectionate people-that is, they do not shoot their landlords but they are very good people, and ought to be, as I have said, let alone." In the following month (Oct., 1869) the line u Punch to Wales appeared, and then Mr Shirley Brooks was for a time retarded in his work by an attack of gout in the wrist, as he informed me in a short note in December. Then other engagements, I suppose, caused the impressions gained in his recent Welsh tour to fade, at least he never pursued the subject. J. P. E.

Replies. WELSH COAST SIGNALLING.—In Cham- bers's Journal for 1844 (pp. 140-2) I read in an article upon the Liverpool Docks, as follows At the bottom of Chapel-street, near the corner of Prince's Dock, is the telegraph station. The telegraph is on the roof of a warehouse, and in- telligence is communicated by the movement of its arms. On Redston (? Bidston) Hill, in Cheshire, opposite Liverpool, there is another station which communicates with a regular line along the Welsh coast to Holyhead, distant from Liverpool 72 miles. So rapid and effective is the communication that intelligence of the arrival off Holyhead is communicated to Liverpool in about five minutes. It was a curious coincidence that the first vessel whose arrival was telegraphed by this line was an American packet ship called the 'Napoleon,' and the intelligence of its arrival I was carried out to America in another packet ship called the Josephine.' Perhaps this may interest your correspon- dent. The movements of the semaphore arms, which were swung up and down, somewhat after the manner of our present naval signalling, were watched through telescopes. W. F. WILLIAMS REES. ROEWEN. Cymro's 'l query in your last issue interested me, but I do not know whether I am writing to reply to him or to make some more queries. I do not think there is much to say in favour of "Cymro's" idea that "Roewen" is derived from Yr ywen," as there is not a single" ywen," or yew tree, nearer to the village than Caerhun churchyard, unless some have been planted this last thirty years. English dictionaries give the word Roe" as meaninc, "the female of the hart the eggs of fish." The chief hostelry in Roewen is the White Hart, kept in my time by my old friend Mr William Williams. Etymologically it is not a far cry from White Hart" to Roewen." It is generally known that it is common in England and Wales where villages have grown up in the vicinity of important wayside inns, such villages are called after the sign of the inn if the parish church is not in close proximity. In other words, when the village is a Pentref and not a "Llan." Roewen is a Pentref. The White Hart must have been an important wayside inn on what was in times gone by the highroad over Talycafn and Bwlchyddaufaen from Denbigh to Aber, Bangor and Caernarvon. There would be nothing surprising if our ancestors adopted the English word for the she hart, as we have instances of that having been done, and the English word used so exclusively that it would tax many a Welshman to give the Welsh words, viz. salmon, sovereign, potatoes, or tatos, cacan, etc. Up to the middle of the last century (or, as some pedants will have it, this century) the word Roe" was invariably spelt Ro." Ordnance maps had it Rowen, and the river that runs through Afon, Ro. An old friend of mine told me that the correct name of this river was Tafolog, and he adopted that word as his nom de Eisteddfod. Those readers who are happy enough to have access to the works of Mendwy Mon will find something well worth reading about Roewen and district. A prize essay at an Eisteddfod held at Talybont in the sixties was published by Jones, Llanrwst, under the title of Llan- dulaniana," and dealt exclusively and very interestingly with the legends and history of the district. Considering that I have trespassed too liberally upon your time and space, I leave my proposed queries for another time. AP TALYFAN, SUFFOLK.

Mining in 1899. The Home Office has issued a general report as to the output of coal and other minerals, and the number of persons employed at mines worked under the Coal and Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts during 1899. The coal output totalled 220,085, 303 tons that of clay and shale other than fireclay and oil shale 164,898, fireclay 2,931,091, iron pyrites 9,819, ironstone 7,775,868, limestone 32,395, oil shhle 2,210,824, petroleum 5, sand 3,850, and sand- stone 105,031 tons, a total of 233,319,084 tons, as compared with 215,161,954. Persons employed below ground numbered 583,009, and above ground 146.000, a total of 729,009, as against 706,894 in the previous twelve months. Cheshire had an output of 721,431 tons coal, 17,018 tons firelay, and 1,000 tons' sandstone; Lancashire 24,387,475 tons coal, 32,643 tons clay and shale, 152,920 tons fireclay, 712 tons iron pyrites Denbighshire 2,512,104 tons coal, 56,931 tons fire- clay, 100 tons of ironstone Flintshire 682,630 tons coal, 28,112 tons fireclay, 2,375 tons oil shale. Under the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts the output totalled 3,685,098 tons, as compared with 3,812,728 tons in 1898. Persons employed below ground numbered 20,618, and above ground 14,539, a total of 35,157, as against 34,231 in the previous year.

BISHOP RYLE has left Liverpool for Lowestoft. His health was described as fairly satisfactory.

Notes on Fashions. Now that the brighter weather is setting in, the demand for tailor-made costumes increases. The latest have revers and collar of panne, which continues to be all the rage. Panne is seen on gowns, capes, hats, and coats. In addition to this lovely material, there are delicate embroi- deries and lace seen on other coats. Collars and revers of white satin are either covered with lace, or with an embroidery of chenille and arra- sene, in pale tints. Little back satin coats are strapped with glace silk, while others in velvet are elaborately embroidered, with silk and jet. MANY coats of the past autumn may be brought up-to-date and smartened with passementerie, which is sold for this purpose. There is one piece for the back, the sleeve trimming, revers, and fronts. In addition to these may be had, if required, a piece for the skirt. SOMBRE-COLOURS have been worn so long that it is quite a relief to the eye to turn to so2ne- thing which is bright and cheerful. This is brought home to one by the new rose-tinted pinks which surround one on all sides. These pinks are a distinguishing feature in the modes of to-day, and as they have received the sanction of women in the world of fashion, they are sure to meet with favour in the world at large. Pale and deep rose-pink, geranium, fuchsia, and cerise not only adorns the present millinery, but also forms the creation of many a dainty blouse, besides trimming black costumes. Undoubtedly, these new colours are most smart and becoming. Their becomingness, however, is increased ten- fold when some dainty touch of black is intro- duced, especially in the case of the brighter tints, which require a certain amount of toning down. THE tight-fitting skirts of last season look skimpy by the side of the new ones, which all show one, two, and even three box-pleats in the centre of back. Cloth, tweed, and serge are all in demand now. The only thing to be said against the present skirt is its length. Not only does it trail on the ground at the back, but also at the sides and in the front. It is," in fact, a regular scavenger, clearing the pavement as the wearer goes along. Those who are wise will discard this unhealthy fashion, and have their skirts made of a convenient length. Much trimming is to be lavished on skirts of slight texture for warmer weather. At present flat bands, stapped or piped, are used to finish off the edge of skirts. Some of the new skirts show a flat yoke around the hips, and on to this is attached the skirt, which is either accordion- pleated or gathered. Crepe-de-chine and soft silk is much in favour for this particular style of skirt. THE high-shaped belt is much in request at present. Though it fits closely the fulness of the bodice pouches slightly over the top of belt. The pleated or gathered skirt more often than not has a belt or sash several inches in depth at the waist, composed of crepe-de-chine, with fringed ends.

Cooking Recipes. STEWED FOWL AND CHESTNUTS: -Cut up, wash, and carefully dry a chicken, place it in a stew pan with an ounce of butter or scalded dripping, a sliced onion, and two ounces of streaky bacon cut into dice toss this all over a sharp fire till well browned, then pour in a pint of stock or boiling water, season with salt, pep- per, and a bayjeaf, and simmer it for 25 minutes. When done, pile a puree of chestnuts on a hot dish, arrange the chicken and bacon on this, and serve with the following sauce around it:-Chop separately two or three shalots, a little minced parsley, and six or eight mushrooms, put this all into a pan previously rubbed over with a fresh cut clove of garlic, with a dust of cayenne, a little thyme, a bayleaf, and two glasses of sherry or marsala. Let it simmer very slowly for ten minutes, then add to it a pint of good sauce, stir all together over the fire for five minutes, add a good squeeze of lemon juice, and some minced parsley, and pour it all over and around the chicken. CHICKEN AND PARSLEY PIE: Cut up, wash, and dry a chicken; season it with fine salt; pick and scald some parsley, then squeeze it quite dry, mince it, and lay it in a piedish; on this lay some of the chicken, then more parsley and chicken till the dish is full. Pour in new milk almost to the top of the dish, cover with a nice paste, and bake. When cooked make an insertion at the side, pour off some of the milk, and replace it with scalded cream. N.B.—Some think this last item better omitted. VEGETABLES: -Cabbage, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, and broccoli are cooling, nutritive, laxa- tive and purifying to the blood, and also act as a tonic, but should not be eaten too freely by delicate persons. Celery is delicious cooked, and good for rheumatic and gouty people. Let- tuces are very wholesome. They are slightly narcotic, and lull and calm the mind. Spinach is particularly good for rheumatism" and gout, and also in kidney diseases. Onions are good for chest ailments and colds, but do not agree with all. Water-cresses are excellent, tonic, stomachic, and cooling. Beetroot is very cool- ing and highly nutritious owing to the amount of sugar it contains. Parsley is cooling and puri- fying. Turnip tops are invaluable when young and tender. Green neute shoots, if gathered in spring and cooked as spinach, form a most deli- cate and wholesome blood purifying vegetable. j Potatoes, parsnips, carrots, turnips, and arti- chokes are highly nutritious, but not so digestible I as some vegetables. Potatoes are the most nourishing, and are fattening for nervous people. Tomatoes are health-giving and purifying, I either eaten raw or cooked. Chili, cayenne, horseradish, and mustard should be used spar- ingly. They give a zest to the appetite, and are valuable stomachics. Radishes are the same, but are indigestible, and should not be eaten by delicate people. Cucumbers are cooling, but are indigestible to many.

Household Hints. THE white of an egg beaten up will be ound to make good leather varnish. FREQUENTLY in washing hairbrushes the bris- tles become too soft. In such a case rinse them I in a little salt and water after washing in the ordinary way. A LITTLE borax put in water in which scarlet I napkins and red-bordered towels are to be washed will prevent them from fading. SPRINKLE a little salt over an ostrich feather before attempting to curl it. This lightens the labour considerably. To brighten furniture and remove spots take two tablespoonfuls of sweet oil, one tablespoon- ful of vinegar, half a tablespoonful of turpen- tine. Use with a bit of flannel. I WHEN jugging hare, instead of port wine sub. stitute a small bottle of stout. The effect will be a great improvement, besides being so very much cheaper than the wine.