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ABERYSTWYTH.

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ABERYSTWYTH. PLACES OF WORSHIP. Aberystwyth, which his a resident population of 6,700, lvs no fewer than nineteen places of worship including those belonging t ■ the Church of England, Catholic, Wesleyans, independent! Baptists, Calvin- istic Method'sts. eh rdl. and S ilvutio>i Army. In eignt places services arc held in the English language, the reuiainder having Welsli services. The "Welsh services I-e,in at half-past nine in the morning and at si;: i'i the eveuii:« the Engiisn service at eleven and at six (Nonconformist; and half-past six ;Church) POSTAL INK' iKMATION Lptters may be posted at the otfice bov in Terrace- road up to a quarter pa-t five, in the evening and until 5.35 with lxtrfL half penny stimp. A letter box is affixed to the sotting van at the Railway Station at which with half-penny stamp, letters may be posted until the departure of the train at six. 'I he letter boxes placed in various parts of the tov/n are cleared a few minutes before the box in Terrace-road. Letters for Shropshire may be posted up to 11.45 noon. Letters for South Wales and the West of England up to 2.10 in the afternoon. Delivery of letters from London, Liverpool, and all parts commences about eight in the morning and is tinished about ten from South Wales and the West of England at 12.30 London and all parts 2 30 and from London and the Midlands at i.30 p m. On Sunday, post closes at 5 15 in the even ing and delivery commences at 11 a.m., letters addressed to callers from l" ;O to 1.30. Telegraph office is open from 7 a m to 9 p.m «-,ek days, from 8.0 to 10.0 on Sundays, and 5 to 6 p.m. Mouey orders are issued and paid from 9 a.m until 6 p.m., and on Saturdays until S p m Parcels for all parts maybe posted up to 5 15 p.m. Postmaster: Mr H. Humphreys PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. The University College of Wales occupies a promin- ent position at the southern end of the Terrace. It was built originally for an hotel at a cost (,f about £80,000 and subsequently bought for an eighth cf that imount as the locale of the University College ef Wales. The institution was opened in 1S72 as the one national college for Wales. The number of students steadily increased to nearly 200, a grant of 94,000 a year was wrung from the Exchequer, and the College pat on a permanent basis, the students each year winning high place in the examination lists In July, 1885, the building was practically destroyed by fire which broke out in the chemical laboratory. It has, kowever, been since partially restored by Messrs Bella.m of London, from plans by Mr Seddon, of the same place, whi") has taken advantage of the results of fake fire to Biake the building more suitable for a college than it was when intended for an hotel. There are many scholarships and exhibitions connected with the College, which are open to English as well i*s to Welsh yemth of both sexes, whose parents find in Abaryst- wyth remarkably che^p means of higher education seeing that the College terms begin at the close of the gaminer season when lodging accomodation is almost mominal in price. An hostel is provided for wom?n students. In the College is a well-tilled museum, which is open to visitors on certain days in the week ea payment of a small fee, which goes to form a Visitors' Scholarship. There are several other public institutions such as are usually found in a town like Aberystwyth. The kuilding on the hillside to the north-east of the town is the Aberystwyth Infirmary and North Cardiganshire General Hospital supported by voluntary contributions augunu-tited by a fund derived from a beouest left by Mr Joseph Downie, a vine merchant of the t CbTLE RUINS AND GROUNDS. The ruins of the Castle and the grounds which sur- round them are objects of great interest and delight to visitors. The grounds jut into the sea and command to the north the College and Terrace, Craighvs point, and. in the distance, the hills and mountains of Merioneth and Carnarvon,ending in the Isle of Bardsey to tae extreme left On a clear day Snowdon may be seen rising above tha (iepress on in the nearer hills about Towyn. Cader Idns, the next highest mountain of '.vab*s, is hidden behind C institution Hill. To the south, the nearer view includes the Harbour. Pendinas, the opening of the Ystwyth Valley and the Alltwen ClirFs and the distant view, the villages of Aberajron and New Quay, the headland near Cardigan nnd St. David's Heid in Pembrokeshire with Precelly mountain inland. of s"at accommodation has been provided for visitors. The castle, which is of pentagon, or five-earned h:trü, was originally erected in 1100 by Gilbrt de Strongbox, as some suppose was the site of a previous castle of British construction. The building was several times destroyed and restored in the conflicts betwe-n the Welsh and Normans until 177 when Edward 1. rebuilt it, and at the same t me incorporated Aberystwyth under the title of the Ville de Llanbadarn, and Llie inhabitants to have ditches and walls to defend their town. A portion of these walls remained standing until about fifty years, and Grett Darkgate-street and Little Davkgate-street are named after the gates. Owain Glendwr, or Gkn- do'.ver, the last Cvmrio chieftnu who attempted Welsh independence, in" 1405 trok the stronghold from the English, but it w as recovered by Prince (mry, who covenanted to allow the Welshmen free egress for the' c persons and goods 11 for the reverence of God and all -afnts and also especially also of iiis patron, John of 3ridlington, f >r the saving of human blood and at H e petition of Richard ap Griffith, abbot of Strata F orida. Thence the Castle remained in the possess- i not the Crown. In the time of James I the captain the town and castle had an ancient yearly fee of £ 1S 5s. and was allowed 12 arches for the custody of the town and castle. In 1647, Charles I., "for encouraging poor miners by a more timely and speedy- pay out°of their own labours, thought fit that Thomas Bushel should erect a mint in the Castle of Aberyst- wyth, with officers and workmen necessary for the coining of all such bullion only as should be drawn cut of the mines within the Principality and that the monies there made should be stamped with feathers on both sides." Mr Bushel, who farmed the royal mines of Cardiganshire, subsequently ra/sed a regiment for the king among the miners and clothed the whole army, as well as supplied the royal exchequer with the princely loaa of £ 40,000. Several of the coins are among the collection in the College Museum and an Aberystwyth shilling in a recent sale of coins in London realised £10. In th- Civil Wars the Castle was easily garrisoned for the king. As far as ales was concerned, the batt'es were mainly fought in the north and south. "llll it was noc until nearly the end of the st:ifc that the Parliamentarians turned their t it The ruins were then taken possession by a horde of disbanded soldiers who preyed on the inhabitants of the surrounding country. They were ultimately dis- lodged and the Castle blown up by powder and made untenantable. CLIMBS. Visitors who are fond of climbing to the top of elevated positions will not remain long in the town before turning their attention to Constitution Hill and Pendinas, on the north and south side of the town. The pathways up Constitution Hill commence at the northern end of Victoria 'I errace. and may be continued to the left on to the fice of the Alltwen cliffs or on to the summit of the bill, 4S5 feet above the sea. The view from the summit is extensiye and vatied. Visitors should be careful not to attempt to descend the face of the cliffs or to climb up from the beach. Several who have attempted it have fallen and have been seriously injured. The way to the summit of Pendinas is not as easily found. The town must be left from the town clock via Bridge-street, across over the river and continue under the railway bridge and to the left a short distance until a path up the side of the hill is seen on the right, commencing near a farm house adjoining the main road. From the end of this path access can easily be made to the summit. Pen- dinas, or the top of the city, which is 413 feet high, commands on the eastern side a view of the Rheidol Valley to where it ends in the double-topped Plyn- iimon; on the southern side,of the picturesque Ystwytn Valley; and, northward, a bird's-eye view of the town. On the summit of Pendinas are vestiges of a British encampment. Some years ago a celt or British battle- axe and a gold angel of the time of Henry VII., with other antiquities, were found on the dinas. WALKS. There are few watering places which possess more short walks out of town than Aberystwyth. Among them the following may be enumerated Leave the town by the roadway running behind the Queen's Hotel, turning by the right at Brynymor- terrace, and ascending the hill to Brynymor, a house seen on the left. The walk may be extended to the top of the hill,or the pathway through the wicket gate or the right opposite Brynymor may be taken, which leads in half a mde over the brow of the hill into Aber- ystwyth, emerging near the Town Hall. Just before arriving at the Town Hall, an excellent echo may be heard by sending the voice towards the the hillside and Infirmary. A. pleasant walk of about four miles may be hacl by .eavin" the town by the road running alongside the Town Hall; by turning almost immediately to the left, and by climbing tie hill by the road leading past the Infirmiry. Tois road leads through the quarries on to the elevated meadows about Brynymor. A padi thence runs to the top of the hill, past a lane to the right, and on to a bend in the road where a small I powder house is seen. The path then runs over the fence through the field a»d along the top of a fence from which the three chief mouutaius of Wales— from which the three chief mouutaius of Wales- Snowdon, Cader Idris, and Plvnlimon-can he seen on a clear day. Plynlimon, with its two rounded heads, rises in front, the cresent-shaped Cader Idris to the left, and the knotched peak of Snowdou still further to the left. The path emerges in the Cwm woods, a delightful resort, and may be continued to the right to Aberystwyth by road in two miles, or to the left to the sea shore at Clarach whence a path runs b ok into town along the top of the c1 ill's. From the Town Clock through Bridge-street, and to th" right immediately after going under the railway bridge, follow the road until t'.ie way is seen running round the side of Pendinas. This road may be 'followed to where it again meets the main road a few yards higher than where it branched off or into the Penparke road, a mile and a half out of town. From Aberystwyth and turn by the limekiln in Trefechan, cross the Pier bridge, on to the stone picr on the south side of the harbour and along the sea shore ti the Alltwen Cliffs or along the bank of the river up to the Ystwyth Valley. Down Plas Crug from Railway-terrace, through the Cen etery, and return by Llanbadarn road. Distance rouud, lr; miles. 2 Down Plas Crug, turn to right at castellated building, and cross the railway over the bridge which spans the river, and thence to the right through Penparke, and home. Distance 3 miles. 0 Same route until the bridge spanning the river is reached, then turn to the left and follow the road, under the railway bridge, through Llanbadarn village and home. Distance, 3j miles. 2 lake the same route until the bridge is reached, and instead of turning, cross the roads and follow the course of the river to the railway br-dge, and return through Lhnbadarn Distance, about 4 miles. Through tne North Gate to the light, through Llan- badarn to the railway bridge which crosses the road turn down by the mi 1, over a footbridge which crosses the river, and through Penparke home. Distance, about 4 miles. Out by the North Gate (to the left), up Penglais Hill to the large house, Cefnhendre. turn to the right and keep to the right down to Llanbadarn, and home. Distance, about 3lt miles. Aga'n from Cefnhendre, turn as before to the right. Inst.ad of keeping to the right and going to the Llan- 9 badarn, take the first turn to the left and enquire for Cwmpadarn. Walk along the pathway, past the lodge and down to the village of Llanbadarn, and return to town through Plas Crug. Distance about 4 miles. Up Penglais Hill past Cefnhendre. along the Turn- pike road to Bow Street, a distance of Si miles and t<ke train home. or turn down towards Gogerddan, the seat of Sir Pryse Pryse, cross the brook, take the first road to the right, pass Peithyll, and into the turnpike road, abotu four miles from Aberystwyth. Distance, about 9 miles. Again up Penglais Hill and from Cefuhendre turn to the left and in about 100 yards turn a lane en the left, called Lover's lane, or in the vernacular, Lon fach y Bw bach (the little lane of the ghost) keep te the left for home. Distance, 2-Jj miles. A varied and pleasant walk has of recent years been opened through the Penglais grounds and has been named the Eiysian grove. It commences at a gateway on the Penglais road, and runs through glades (in which are swings for children) and groves, and winds rouD1 to the summit of the hill, commanding magni- ficent views, and finally emerges near the north turn- pike gate. An entrance fee ot 2d. is charged. TUPS. Tidl Ticrw or the Jlonk', Cave.-This r«markabl« cave, which is called in Welsh the Thunder Hale," and in English the Monk's Cave, can be visited by as many means as it has names namely, by rail, road, or sea. It is situated about tive miles to the south of Aberystwyth. If it is decided to go by rail, or road, it in-ans that there is a considerable amount of walk ing to be done. A pleasant boating excurson may be made in fine weather to the caves, but those who do not like the sea find it advisab'e to hire a conveyance. The cave is called the Thunder Hole on account of the rumbling noise made by the tide in rushing through the cavern. The coast scenery is fine, and at low water the beach is a pleasant spot for a picnic, Any boatman would advise visitors as to the best time for nuking their visit if they went by sea, as it is important that the visit should be timed just as the i tide is on the ebb, tor that is the best time to enjoy the seme. Borth.— Distance fron.tAborystw yth, eight miles by Cambrian Railway. The place is prettily situated on the sea shore to tie north ,.f Aberystwyth. The sands commence under the south clitls and stretch away for a dist mce of four miles. The sands skirt a fen of al" ut ten thousand acres, called Gors Foehno, and when the tide is out. are hard and smooth enough for a drive. The surrounding scenery is beautiful. Cheap return tickets are issued from Aberystwyth to Bortii. To those .vho enpy a walk of six miles, the return journey may be made along the clitls. L/i/j'tiitiif V ill").—Of late years, this beautiful spot has 'been prominently brought i efure the notice of visitors. It is well worth a visit, and has been de- scribed as the most perfectly beautiful valley in Wales." The entrance to the valley is just opposite Glandovev Junction on the Cambrian Railway, fifteen miles from Ab-rystwyth. the summer months trains leave at convenient hours of the day and visitors will have ample time to explore the neighbourhood. Tickets shuuld be taken for (,<landovey. Near the entrance to the valley a finger pest indicates the road to be taken. All along the route the scenery is con- stantly changing. About two and a half miles up the valley is the picturesque hamlet of Glaspwll, and half a mile bey nd is a waterfall which presents an exceedingly fine lHl pretty --ight About a mile still further up there is a cascade ubout :¡OO feet high, and after heavy rains the volume of water is considerable. The visitor must return on the same road to Glaspwll, and iiiiy reach Glandovey by a pathway running along the side of the stream oppo-ite to the road on which he came, or he may take the right from Glaspwll to Machynlleth, a picturesque town, and there join the railway. Dt ri'l's Fall*. — This is the only place." said a tourist I have seen that I did not find to have been over dtscribod. Some rather "tall writing has, nevertheless, been published about the Devil' Biidge and the Mynach Falls. The place is annually visited by thou-ands, and though a Briton now and again asserts his birthright in grumbling at something which has not pleased him, still the majority who go there are pleased with the (iay's out- iog, and notwithstanding counter attractions, the Devil's bridge and Falls'hold their own as the chief among the attractions of the Aberystwyth district. During the summer months, well-appointed coaches, breaks, and waggonettes take visitors to Devil's Bridge and hack at fares varying from :!s. to 4s. a h-jad. The falls are situated about twelve miles to the east of Aberystwyth. Coaches, owing to a bad bit of the road, generally go and return the same way, but other conveyances give their passengers the variety of a different return journey. 'Che roads command fine scenery nearly their entire distance. On the outward journey, the road rises in a gradual ascent till an elevation of nearly 1,000 feet above the sea level is reached. Thence it dips downward, and a short run through somewhat uninteresting country makes the full glories of the glen and its surroundings as they burst upon the spectator's vision all the more striking. At the Devil's Bridge is an hotel giving good accommodation on reasonable terms. A fee of Is. is charged to view the falls and grounds. The Devil's Punch Bowl is first visited by a descent into a dark chasm at the bottom of which his Satanic Majesty is supposed to be brewing punch, but with poor success, judging by the purity of the water a it emerges. The c*asm is spanned by a bridge of olden time,Surmounted by a county bridge nuieh more recent construction. The old bridge is supposed to have been built by the menks of the neighbouring Abbey of Strata Florida, but poetic licence has been taken with history in ascribing the origin of the structure, not to monks, but to tne Devil the licence probably commencing in the too free translation of Pont-y-Mynach (the Monk's bridge) into Pont y Gwr Drwg (bridge of the Evil Man). The story goes that an old lady in search of her cow was distressed on finding it on the other side of the ravine. The Devil constructed the bridge on condition that lie was to have the first living thing that crossed it. More wide-awake than Eve, A crust over she threw, her dog after it flew says she, The dog's yours, crafty sir. On leaving the Punch Bowl, the roadway is crosse 1, and the spectator descends by a series of steps, called Jacob's Lidder, to the bottom of the Glen, obtaining in the descent a full view of the Mynach Falls, which altogcther make a total drop of 314 feet, and then rush on to join the Rheidol. a fall of which has already been seen to the right through the tre, s. From the bottom of the falls rocks rise almost perpendicularly to the height of 800 feet, and are clothed with ferns, trees and brushwood. The climb from the bottom of the Glen to the top on the opposite side to Jacob's Ladder is something like hard work, but at each step upwards some new glory in the falls is revealed. Near the basin of the third fall—for what looked from the opposite side like an immense cataract is in reality four falls-is a cavern in the rocks, which for many years, so tradition asserts, was the hiding place of two brothers and a sister, freebooters who infested the neighbourhood for years, until at length, committing murder, they were caught and hanged. The return journey to Aberyst- wyth is usually made through Yspytty Cynfyn, where are druidical stones in the churchyard, through Pont- erwyd, where is a waterfall and where the river flows through a gorge, through the mining district of Goginan, containing an extensive view of the Melindwr Valley, and on to Aberystwyth via Capel Bangor and Llanbadarn j A-" A J.tA Plipillinon Mountain.—The word signifies, according to some philologists, Pump-lutnmun or the Five Beacons, and is supposed to have been derived from the fact that tne five summits were made use of in olden time to signal to the inhabitants of the Princi- pality far and wide. If so, the mountain mnst have answered its purpose admirably, for it commands parts of nearly all the counties of the Principality, as well as of the county of Spl"p in which was formeily the capital of North Wales. The mountain is interest- ing historically from having been the scer.- è: the last struggle for Welsh natioual independence under Owain Glyndwr, and interesting phisically from the fact that no fewer than five rivers rise on its s;des. including the Severn and the Wye. The highest head —for it cannot be called a peak—is marked by a earn, and is 2.469 feet above the level of the sea In the summer season conveyances are run to the foot of the mountain and the ascent is made from Steddfa Gurig a line of poles marking the way to the summit. Another line of poles mark the descent to Dyffryn Cattle Hotel. Visitors should insist upon being taken to Steddfa Gurig, whence the summit is about two miles off. Car proprietors—with a shortsightedness for which they are more to be pitied than blamed—do not want to gi,, beyond the hotel where they put up their horses, and try to persuade passengers that the ascent from Dyffryn Castle is easy. It is, however, uphill work of over four miles, and few but the strong and persevering who attempt the ascent that way ever reach the sum- mit, and even they are too weary to enjoy the magni- ficicnt view of sea and plain and mountain which it conii"1 nds.

ABERAYRON. !

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