The Merthyr Express

FISHING STOCKiNGS, Coats. Brogues, &c. GARDEN HOSE from 2fd. per foot. Hose Fittingg. CRICKET BATS, Balls, Leg Guards, Bags, and all Accessories Bats from 4/6. LAWN TENNIS, Racquets, Nets, Posts, Balls. ltc. TRAVELLING REQUISITES, Waterproof Garments, Holdalls "r -unksr. Portmanteaux, Hand Bags. FOR Skls -i Bathing Costumes, Bathing Caps, Swimming Collars, Water Wings.; < r > | SEND FQRPRICE LISTS- X c *W {§1 fs |Wlw| .1 •" i 18 1 h Mr. E. T. Davies, F.R.C.a, Conductor Mertbyr and District Choral Society, Honorary Examiner and Local Representative Royal Academy of Music a.nd Royal College of Music, Mentber of Council of the Incorporated Society of Musicians. Local Secretary Trinity College, London; Musics. Master Merthyr County School, otc., etc., CJIVES LESSONS IN and Pianoforte Playing, Harmony, Counterpoint, Orchestration, &c. PUPILS .PREPARED FOR THE R.C.O., R.A.M., AND ALL RELIABLE EXAMINATIONS. Recent) suc(»s?es of Pupils include:—A.R.C.O., XJ.I1.A.M. (2), Advanced Honours Associated Board K.A.M., R.C.M; Senior and other Certificates Trinity College, London; First and Special Prizes Royal National Eisteddfod, &e., &e, Organ Lessons FI 3 M" I 0 liven on a. ne j{ anua rgan. CARTREFLE, MERTHYR TYDFIL. MR. W. J. WATKINS, F.R.C.O., LR A M. (PIANO (Organist St. John's Pariah Church, Conductor Dowlais Male Voice Pa.rty, Member Incorporated Society of Musicians, Solo Pianist and Accompanist), GIVES LESSONS IN- Singing, Organ and Pianoforte Playing, Harmony, Counterpoint, Musical Form, &c, Engagements accepted for Organ Recitals, Concerts, Eisteddfodau, &c. For Terms apply;— • 18, MORLAIS STREET, DOWLAIS or at BURR'S MUSIC WAREHOUSE, MERTHYR. Abfflcynon visited Mondays—3, Mountain Ash-road. Burr's Music Warehonse, Merthyr, Tuesdays 1Urp tTT T IJIIITTQ (Organist and Choirmaster Market Square Church, ■ Local representative: London, College of Music. College 01 Violinists and late Conductor of the Merthyr Orchestral Society.) GIVES LESSONS IN Violin, Organ and Pianoforte Playing, Theory, &c. PuB DmlS APPLT— —— Mr. W. Lewis, 35, Thomas Street, MEBTHYR. D. W. DAVIES, F.T.S.C., A.R.C.O. PIANIST, ORGANIST, CONDUCTOR AND ADJUDICATOR, ORGANIST OF BETHANIA, DOWLAIS (Successor to Mr. HARRY EVANS', TEACHER OF THE PIANOFORTE, ORGAN, SOLO SINGING, HARMONY, COUNTERPOINT, INSTRUMENTATION, &c. Pupils Prepared for all Merthyr Vale, Mountain Ash and Reliable Exams. Rhymney visited Weekly. Address GLASF11YN, PENYDARREN, MERTHYR ¡'\ t Don't B ¡' r. H'8n,g on:'to the Get s Dr. Wetrs RAILIIIGS I Corn Silk., s and SAVE ||||J During I Pain and Trouble. 1909. | DON'T TREAD ON OTHER PEOPLE'S CORNS BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, S H DON'T HAVE CORNS FOR, OTHER PEOPLE TO TREAD ON | 1 DR. WELL'S CORN SILK is the GREATEST CORN REMOVER ever known. 1 fl oon't be put off, insist on having Or. WELL'S CORN SILK. 1 I 73& and 1/1J A PACKET. I 8 SOLE AGENT FOR MERTHYR AND DISTRICT- R I HENRY M. LLOYD, M.P.S., I 8 DISPENSING CHEMIST AND PHARMACIST, 9 8 VICTORIA STREET, MERTHYR TYDFIL. I tor every ci^s of cyclist, every want, every taste, every income, has been intelligently up",&o.ate cycledepots In thIs <hstrlct as belo\V-wber they Y t! ';A, COMPLETE AND UP-TO-DATE W <B themselves. t wnte us for the name and address of the nearest. SWtFT CYCLE CO., LM., COVENTRY, M JOHN LEWIS, 354, 355, High St., ||fui[ Penydarren, MERTHYR TYDFIL^^ !'J J ;¡' Cycles From &<S 6s. to «1 4 (Juveniles £ 5 5s.) -^r* ^foca, of 3, Kneller Villas, Hounslow, owns a Humber which he has ridden 70,000 miles in 8 years riding, for S&h business purposes every day, and it is still in excellent order, s6 that he writes Humbers cannot be equalled for w Humber which he has ridden 70,000 miles in 8 years riding, for S&h business purposes every day, and it is still in excellent order, s6 that he writes Humbers cannot be equalled for w hard wear, reliability and long iife." jgi&ii Send to-day for Illustrated Catalogue (with easy payment verms) post free. VSs. rg) THOMAS BROS., 130, High-street, MERTHYR. QT* ,#Slpf A. BUCHAN & CO., Lawn Shop, RHYMNEY. T- JENKINS, TREDEGAR. ..a. t"l"" r J.; "4_

EXECUTION OF FOY. I WALKS TO THE SCAFFOLD SMOKING. LAST LETTERS TO HIS RELATIVES AND FRIENDS. At 8 o'clock on Saturday morning, Wiliiam Jo;eph Foy, ex-truant school boy and ex- soldier, aged 25, was hanged in Swansea Gaol for the murder of Mary Ann Recs at the old Y nysfach Works, Merthyr. Foy died with a cigarette in his mouth. The execution was carried out in a most matter-of-fact way. Th., chaplain had for -,orne time been in the con- demned cell administering the last conso.'ations of religion to a repentant man. The cxccu- lioner: had entered and pinioned him, and he had been ailowou a. ci,?arottc—he derived much coniforr from the soothing inliueneo of the weed—to steady his IF ryes, This 11-) h"ld tight- ly in his lips, and never relinquished til! the end. Then, un.supporied, but with attendants on either side, h0 walked to hi., doom, proceed- ed down the eighteen, step; reached the open air, took his iast glimp-e of the world, and en- tered the place.of'execution. The prison chap- lain the Rev. J. W. Watkins Jones, Vicar of le purist Church, entered the doorway, repeating in solemn and vibrating- tones the beautiful VTord,, of the Burial Servic: which he had begun in the condemned, cell and continued all. alon_, the route. Immediately behind him carno tho culprit, and on either side Pierpont I ftnd his assistant, Ellis. Fov was instantly placed by the hangmen with his feet to the } chlk mark. His legs wore pimoned. the rope j readjusted, and then Pierpont, taking the white ca.p in lil,4 hand, dragged it over his face, ciirarettc and ail. Then Ellis, the assistant executioner, pulled the lever, the trap-doors parted, the body I dropped with a smart jerk—and all was over. Meauwhile the chaplain hsd been reciting the concluding portion of the burial service. As the body gave the final shudder, the chapllain started the Lord's Prayer, in which all present joined. Ho followed this with a special prayer, cf which he held a printed copy in his hand. Th-i,benedicti-)n having been pronounced and the service ended, the spectators—who included Mr. George Gowor Isaac .(the under-shoriff. who had charge of the an-angemr-nts), ih, governor of the prison, Mr. Gibson; the prison surgeon, Dr. David Howell Thomas, J. P. the two executioners, and a number of warder. besides the representatives of the press—gather- ed round to take a final lock and a-sure them- selves that the sentence had been effectively carried out. Them was no doubt about this-- ) the body hung in the pit still and stark. At 8.12, a warder posted up the following notice:— "We, the undersigned, hereby declare that the judgment of death was this day executed on William Joseph Foy in H.M. Prison, Swan- sea. in our presence.—Signed for D:ivies Lewi- .-heriff of Glamorgan hire, G. G. Isaac, under sheriff; D. H. Thomas, justice for Glamorgan- shire: Frank W. Gibson, governor of the said prison; J. H. Watkins Jones, chaplain." A second notice -read :1, D. Howel! Tho mas, surgeon of H.M. Prison, hereby certify that I have this day examined the body of Wii- liarn Joseph Foy, upon whom judgment of death was executed in the said prison, and that after examination I found that the said Wm. J. Foy was dead. (Signed) D. Rowen Thomas." After reading the notice, the crowd gradu- ally dwindled away. FOY'S CONVERSION. A letter, with several postscripts, was receiv- ed on Saturday by Mrs. Norbury, Penyard. Merthyr. It is dated on Friday, and would indicate that the condemned man spent his la^t. hours on earth in writing to his sister. The tone of the letter shows the remarkable change which had been effected in Foy's mental ai tit.ude:— Swansea Gaol, May 7th, 1909. My Dear Sister,—Jus: one line to let you know I am perfectly happy, having taker. Holy Communion, and made my peace w xh God. Therefore, I beg you not to gTiev, for me, but to rejoice, for I shall be in Heaven above waiting for you, my dear sister. Give my best and last wishes to Con and father, and tell them that it is my wish that you and they should seek the peace of God. as I have done. I wish to remind you that I have been treated with great kindness by the officers that have been looking after me. They have helped me always to find peace with God, and I have found it, so therefore. dear sister, you will see that I am quite happy, and will meet my fate like a man. So I therefore wish, dear sister, that you will not grieve, but try to live a good life for my sake. Anything further you would like to know you will get it from the chaplain, and you will also get the silver cross which I have had from him. My dear sister, give my bsst respects to Jenkin and Annie Lloyd. So I now conclude by sending you my best and last wishes to you all. May God bless you I all.—From your penitent brother, Joe. P.'S,-My dear sister, just a few lines for the children. It is my earnest wish that you should teach them to grow up in God's ways, and worship Him always for His name's sake. Amen. Rc-rt on the Lord, and bs of good courage, and Ho will give you strength. P.S.S.—My dear sister, I hope to God that you arrived home cafe, and that you all are in good health, and always will be. with the help of God. Good-bye, and bless you all. At the end of the letter there are a number of crosses marked in the shape of a heart, with an arrow through it. CONFESSION OF THE CRIME On Sunday morning, Mrs. Norbury received the following letter from the Rev. D. L. Pros- ser (assistant chaplain of Swansea Prison), en- closing a message from her brothers— ELM. Prison, Swansea, May 8th, 1909. Dear Mrs. Norbury,—In accordance with your brother's last wish, I am sending you the little cross which he wore when he died, and I pray that this aign of our Christian faith may often comfort you in the bitter trial that has fallen upon you.—For the chaplain, D. L. Prosser (Assistant Chaplain). The following was the enclosure referred to H.M. Prison, Swansea, May 4, 1909. My Dear Sister,—I think it is my duty to write to tell you that my sentence is just. I am guilty, and think it right you should ¡ know. I am quite happy and resigned. I have cone-sed my sin to God, and have had His forgiveness. I put my whole trust in His mercy through His precious blood, and I am looking forward to receiving Holy Com- munion. I should like you to know that everybody here has been very kind to me. and I have been helped by them to realise my position. I hope rny fate will be a warning to others, and that young men will take a lesson and avoid evil and choose the good. Give my love to all frinds.-I am, dear sister, your affectionate brother, William Joseph Foy." The condemned man must have spent his last days writing letters to his relatives and friends. All his letters are written in a strong, firm hand. On May 3rd he wrote as follows to a friend:— "Dear Old PaJ,-I am very plea-sed to know that you are still thinking of me. Your last letter has given me courage to bear the load. I am quite well and happy, thank God. As you say, I have kept my promise. I am in God's hands for evermore. I was baptised last Satur- day. I thank you for sending me the photo, for I am only too glad to see old faces, and I am sure you look' well enough. That is a very nice verTe you put in the letter, and now I will send you one in reCum;- 'A few more suns shall set O'er these dark hills of time, And we shall be where suns are not- I A far serener clime.' (No. 165, 'Sacred Songs and Solos.") On May 5tb he again wrote to the same friend:— "Dear Old Pal,—Just a few lines in answer to your welcome letter. I hope you and your wife are in the best of health, and that you will always think of Joe. I am very pleased to tell you that I am going to receive Holy Commun- ion on Friday, and that I am sure we shall meet again in that land of joy and peace, for I have repented. I am glad to hear that they a.re praying for me in the churches and chapels, and I hope this will be a warningnot for others to leave the old track and follow the now. I will promise you that I will keep a stout heart and meet my fate manfully, for I am in the hands of our Saviour Jesus Chrit. Farewell for the last time. I conclude by sending my best respects to all.—From your unfortunate pal, William Joseph Foy." "How safe are those within God's kesDing. How safe awake, how safe when sleeping. Every night and day His eye can watch them; His hand from every evil snatch them." Writing on the 4th inst. to Mr. anJ Mrs. Lloyd, neighbours of Mrs. Norbury, Foy stat- ed, "I am all right. I have given myself to In God. Thank you for the services you have rendered my sister. I hope you will not forget her when I am gone. I can assure .you that I am perfectly happy, for I am now entirely in God's keeping."

The Men We Trust. So natural is it to trust ourselves to the direction of our doctors and clergymen, that tew people realise the influence wielded by these men. To their honour, let it be said, they are aware of their responsibility to the public, and are scrupulously careful to express opinions and advice which they personally know to be accurate. It is on the reliable assurance of eminent doctors and clergymen that thousands and thousands of suffering workers have ex- perienced the beneficial efficacy of Phosferine. Dr. Griffiths, for instance, sàys- "Phosferine stimulates nutrition, assimilation and circula- tion, and acts as a powerful nervine and .stom- achic' tonic." Equally forcible and just a3 typi- cal of clergymen's experiences, is the appre- ciation of the Rev. J. W. Clayton, who says: —"Phoslerine is an excellent remedy for influ- enza and its depressing nervous after-effects, and invaluable in nervous hcacl«':hes and de- hi'ity."—2Q> Alexandra Tejr^ H&sljjngden, Lane** —v. j

MERTHYR POLICE COURT. TUESDAY.—Before Sir T. Marchaut Williams (Stipendiary), the Mayor (Aid. Wihon). Mr. ilhys Davies, and Mr. D. C. Evans. ABOUT LICENCES. Mr. St. John Francis- Williams (instructed by Air. F. T. James) ap- plied for the approval of the liench to certain alterations to be made to the Ship Inn, Dow- lais, and also to the Mountain Ash Inn, Twyn- yrodyn, Merthyr. He said that the licences were renewed on the owners undertaking to carry out certain alterations. Mr. Charles Morgan Davies, architect, produced p,ans how- ing the proposed alterations, and the Bench ap- proved of them.—Mr. A. Daniel applied for the transfer of the Belle Vue Inn, Troedvrhiw, •irom Mr. Asterick to Mr. H. W. Thomas," and the same was granted. Mr. Gaskell applied for the sanction of the B?nch to alterations to be made to the G raw en Arms Inn. Brecon- road.—Granted. This being full transfer day, ■r.11 the licences granted temporarily were re- newed. CYCLISTS IN TROUBLE.—Enoch Williams and wn liam Lewis were summoned for riding bi- cycles on the pavement at Treharris, and had to pay 2s. 6d. each.——.John Pritchard (19),. of Pant, was summoned for scorching on Pant- road, and a fine of 5s. was imposed. AnouT DOCS.—Several persons were summon- ed for allowing their dogs to be at large with- out cellars. Thon.a.s Borne, of the Market Tavern', was summoned for allowing his dog to be out, in contravention of a magistrates' or- der.—A police officer said the dog. nn Irish terrier, ran after bicycles, and Chief Constable Wilson said the animal was a danger to cyclists. On the 12th of January, tho Bench made an order, that this dog should be kepe IIndnr con- trol. and defendant had to pay costs.—Mr. Home said the dog had since been chained up, but. on this, occasion it ran out of the house, it had not been out for twenty-four hours since the order was madc,The "Bench eaid they would not order tho dog to be destroyed this time, but defendant must pay 20s. and costs. "ORDINARY LANGUAGE.Eiizabelh Williams. Mount Pleasant, Merthyr Vale, was summoned by Mary Ann Griffiths for using bad language. --Complainant said the other woman called her a dirty row.-The Stipendiary: Oh. that's only ordinary language. That's not enough. Case dismissed. Dennis O'Shea, for using bad at the "Isle of Wight," Mcrthvr, was fined 5s. and, costs. -Daniel Howell-, for using bad language to his sister-in-law. Sarah Jones, on Pant-road, Dowlais, was fined 20s. and costs.—Mr. F. P. Charles was for the complain- ant. UNSUCCESSFUL DODGE.-Jameo; Powell (12) was summoned for attempting to travel from Bir- mingham to Merthyr without having paid his fare; and Simeon Johnson, collier, of Troedy rhiw, was summoned for aiding and abetting.— Mr. Baker Jones. Newport, appeared to prose- cute for the G.W.R. Company. He said that on the 10th of April, Johnson took an excur- sion ticket to Birmingham, and tho forward half was for some re-ason not given up. On the 17th April, on the return journey, the boy had the proper return half, and Johnson tried to pass fhroueh with the outward half. John- on at first told the ticket collector that he gave up the wrong half on the outward journey, but the ticket which the boy had and the one which Johrson presented bore the same number.— The boy was discharged; Johmon was fined 20s. and costs. AFFILIATION.—Herbert Stephens, aged 18, engaged as an office boy at the Cement Works, Penarth, was summoned by Gwladys Matthew?, aged 20, who now lives at Penydarren, to show cause, etc.—Mr. Harold Lloyd, Cardiff, was for complainant; Mr. F. P. Charles for defendant. —An order for 3s. 6d. a week and costs was made. ASSAULTED His MOTHER.—Evan John Evans, of Dowlais, was summoned for assaulting his mother, Ann Evans, a greengrocer, and there was a cross-summons against Lewis Giddings, a half-brother of the defendant, for assault.— Mr. F. P. Charles was for the defendant.—Mrs. Evans said her on married without her know- ledge. He came home for his clothes. They had some words, and defendant struck her down. She admitted that she drew her son's money from the office and kept some of it. but that was for food which he had had.—Martha Evans corroborated.—The cross-summons was then heard.—Evans eaid that his mother at- tempted to knock him, and he pushed her on one side. His half-brother, Giddings, k:cked him to the ground, and caused all the bother. He denied that his mother fell to the floor. or fainted.—Edith Mary Jones said she went to the shop to buy a cabbage, and also stated that Mrs. Evans did not fall.-Thomas Thomas cor- borated.-The Bench dismissed the cross- summons, and fined Evans 40s. and costs. DISMISSED.—There was a crowd of Spaniard- from Dowlais in court, to hear a case of assault, by one woman against another.—Mr. F. P. Charles was for the defendant.—The complain- ant did not bring any witnesses to court, and the case was dismissed. ON LICENSED PREMISES.—William Jones, for being drunk at the Pelican Inn, Dowlais, was fined 10s. end costs. THEFT OF COAL.—Edward Hall. haulier in the employ of Hill's Plymouth Company, was summoned for stealing a load of coal, about 15cwt.. value lis. 3d.—Mr. F. P. Charles ap- peared to prosecute, and said that the defend- ant was given a load of coal to deliver to the house of Thomas Thomas, 7, Jones's-court, Cae. draw, but he took it to his own house.—Evi- dence was given as to the consignment of the load, and of defendant's arrest by P.C. Scott.— Hall pleaded not guilty. He said he took the coal home, as he had none in the house, but his sister denied that the ooal was brought to the house.—Defendant was sent to gaol for fourteen days. ALLEGED ATTEMPTED Slncmz.-Lowis Weld- ing again appeared on a charge of attempting to commit suicide at Dowlais by cutting his throat with a razor.-Tho landlord of the Masons' Arms. Penydarren, with whom the de- fendant had lodged, appeared, and promised to to look after Welding, who was discharged. THEFT OF IRON FROM DUFFRYN WORKS. George Wright, rag and bone gatherer, was charged with stealing an iron manhole cover, value 15s., the property of Hy. Parfitt, Duffryn Works.—Mr. F. P. Charles eaid that of late systematic robbery had been going on, and if the Bench were satisfied that this case was proved, he asked them to make an example of the man to act as a caution to others.—George Parfitt, the manager of the works, said that at 6.30 one morning-, a bag containing the cover was shown to him, deposited at one corner of the works' ground. Ho gave information to the police.—'Phomas Lewis, lodgeman at Duff. ryn Crossing, said he watched the bag, and about 9.15 a horse and cart, with the defendant and a boy, drove up, and took away tho bag.— WilLiarn Evans (D. G. Jenkins and Co.), marine 6tore dealer, said the defendant hired a horse r and cart from him on the day in question. He brought back pieces of iron, but not the cover in question. P.C. Thomas Martin said he charged the defendant, who denied the theft.— P.S. Hunter said he arrested the defendant, who was placed among other men and identified by the witness Evans.—Defendant, who said he went to Rhymney on the day in question, was sent to prifion for a month. A DOWLAIS RUFFIAN. John Gabe was charged with stealing a shirt, value 2s. 6d., the property of Harris Freedman. pawnbroker, Dowlais.—Defendant went to the shop to pledge an article of clothing, and upon leaving wrenched a shirt from a bundle tied in the doorway. Prosecutor's son. Lionel Freed- man, gave chase and caught defendant, who struck Mr. Freedman to the ground, and kick- ed him several times.—Defendant was also sum- moned for assaulting Mr. Freedman.—For the theft, defendant was sent to prison for two months, and another month for the assault. .—MI ■7-

0. r A POLITICAL PROBLEM THAT HAS BEEN SOLVED. HOW TO PRODUCE UNEMPLOYMENT. By LEWIS H. BERENS. [The Editor does not necessarily identify him- self with all the opinions expressed by the writer.] II. "The casual labourer was not casual be cause he wished to be casual, was not casual -as the consequence of some temporary dis- turbance soon to be put right. No; the casu- al labourer was here because lie was wanted hero. He was here in answer to a perfectly '.veil-defined demand. He was asthe re- sult of economic causes. He ,wa& not the natural product; he was an article manufac- tured, callod into being, to suit tho require- ments of all industries at particular time-, and of particularindustri-es at all times."— Mr. Winston Churchill, M.P. (Spe-,cli at Dun- dee, Oct. 11th, 1908.) With the rest of the report we must deal somewhat more briefly, thouht all of it is well worth careful study, more especially by such as desire to acquaint themselves how most effec- tively to produce poverty in the midst of plen- ty, leisured millionaires and industrious pau- pers, idle acre; and idle hands, enforced unem- ployment,, and to secure a constant supply of "free" and "cheap" labour. "EMIGRATION." Under thi;" heading, the following extracts arc well worthy the attention of our readers. The Colonisation Commissioners for South Aus- tralia first point out that: "In framing the regulations for the selec- tion of emigrant labourers given in the ap- pendix, we have endeavoured to give effect to the obvious intention of the Legislature, 'viz.: that the emigration fund should be ex- ponded in such a manner as to produce in the Colony the greatest permanent amount of available labour; with this view, although we have a,s far as possible confined the expendi- ture to young adult persons of the two sexes, we have not refused to contribute something towards the expense of conveying children (except the very young), making the amount of assistance increase as they advance toward adult age. In adopting tho scale of assist- ance, we have been careful to keep in v,:ew the principle, that allowing even compound interest on the amount of assistance afforded, and taking into account also the ordinary chance of mortality, any number of children shall on arrival at adult ago, have cost the emigration fund le=8 than if the period oi their removal had been delayed until such time." Careful, high-minded Commissioners! For, in other words, in making their selection, they had worked as if animated by the motives which would influence a cautious stock-breeding when purchasing heifers and calves for a new estate. They deemed it necessary, however, still further to defend their actions in the following words: "We have baen induced to consider such an arrangement judicious, partly from the con- sideration that the parents of a numerous family were less likely than others to give way to any temptations which may offer to leave the Colony. Considering the scarcity of free labour in the neighbouring Colonics, the probability of such temptations being offered is too obvious to escape attention, and we are desirous that they should be counter- In acted by strengthening every motive likely to attach th3 emigrant to his adopted (V) country. All restrictions wo have rejected as useless and mischievous. We wish to attach the emigrant to the Colony by holding out to his view a fair prospect of ad- vancement in life." But why were the Commissioners so anxious to deprive such common folk of every possibil- ity of being able to work for themselves "until they had worked for wages for a sufficient per- :od?" From figures given in the report, it ap- pears that to date some 36 "persons of a super- ior class" and some 189 "emigrants of the labouring class" had been forwarded to the new colony. Apparently the Commissioners deemed that about 200 workers were required to minister to the wants of, say, 40 "superior persons." COMMISSIONERS' FEARS. Despite all the precautions they could take within the boundaries of the new colony, the Commissioners were very alive to the awful temptations that might be offered to the com- mon people of the labouring class if land in adjoining colonies were available to them at too cheap a rate. They express their fears and their proposals in the following passage at the close of their report: "Were the price of land in any district raised sufficiently high to take out the propar supply of labour, while in some adjacent dis- trict land should continue to be sold at a lower price, or to be granted gratuitously, those who obtained their land at the lower price, or for nothing, would be in a condi- tion to offer higher wages to the emigrant labourers. The emigrant labourers would be attracted by the higher price of labour and the lower price of land, and thus the capital- ists who had contributed to the emigration fund (when purchasing the land) would be deprived of th9 supply of labour for which they had paid and the cardinal principle of the colony rendered inoperative," "To avert this very serious danger," the Com- missioners humbly venture to suggest that all the adjoining colonies "should be placed with respect to the disposal of their waste land un- der regulations similar to those which have been carried into effect in South Australia." But in their modesty they confined themselves "to soliciting His Lordship's favourable con- sideration to the paramount importance as re- spects the prosperity of the new colony (they mean, manifestly, the prosperity of the "super- ior classes") that the cardinal principle upon which it is established should be extended and rendered uniform and permanent throughout all the adjacent district of Now Holland to which British settlers may resort." And the report ends with the expression of the pious hope that colonisation conducted on these civilizing and Christianising principles may be extended without limit to other savage lands." Of the immediate fate of the new "model colony" established on these principles, to which all the ranks and classes of the Mother Country —squires and landless serfs, capitalist and wage slave, millionaires and paupers wera to be transplanted full grown, we need not dwell at any length. The "persons of the superior class" too evidently went "a colonising" in the same spirit as they would go to a. picnic. They housed themselves in such primitive dwellings, huts and tents, as the "emigrants of the labour class'' could be induced to provide for them; for the most part did nothing to produce any- thing or to develop their estates or the won- derful natural resources of the new country, but proceeded to live on the good things which their cash or credit enabled them to import from other countries; and settled down to a veritable orgy of gambling one with the other —the counters being the town and country lands of the new colony. As it is well describ- ed in a little book, entitled, "The Three Colon- ies of Australia," written by Samuel Sidney some fifteen years later: "As soon as the capital, Adelaide, had been selected and mapped, the holders of prelim- inary orders, forming the first body of colon- ists, selected their sections, and the whole surplus was put up for auction to the colon- ists, 'as a reward for their enterprise,' and sold at an average rate of J82 per acre. From that moment the great object of the first colonists became to puff, magnify, and sell to future colonists their building land in Adelaide. No crop was so profitable as land left in a state of nature, but called and sold for a. street. In every way the cultivating colonist was discoura,-eds and land-jobbing speculation invited. Young men of spirit were not satisfied to retire to the bush and look after a. flock of silly sheep while it was possible to buy a section of land at 91 per acre, give it a fine name as a village site, Bell the same thing at £ 10 an acre, for a bill the bank would discount, and live in style at the Southern Cross Hotel." WHEN THE BUBBLE COLLAPSED. But stock jobbing and land speculation pro- duce nothing; hence we cannot be surprised that in 1841, though Port Adelaide had been crowded with shipping, which had disoharged living and dead cargoes, but had departed in ballast, and though over 14,000 colonists had arrived, and the receipts from land sales and customs duties had risen to enormous amounts, "scarcely a vestige of an export had been pro- duced," nor that, when in the same year the Governor's unauthorised but necessary Bills on the Treasury had been dishonoured, and the land bubble bad collapsed, South Australia. was in debt about £ 400,000 on account of the colonial government, and the private debts of the colonists to English merchants were at least as much more, which kept scarcely employed the only officers the Commissioners had for- gotten to appoint, the Judge of the Insolvent Court and his subordinates. As regards the "emigrants of tho labouring class," they had for the most part been em- ployed working at high wages for the "person-s of the superior class" who had come out, under Mr. Wakefield's advice, "to labour with their < heads, not with their hands" for the Govern- ment, and for the South Australian Land Com- pany, who, however, soon gave up the job of running the colony, and subsided into the more humble but far more profitable position of ab- sentee landholders and land jobbers. But it was just these emigrants* who when the in evitable collapse came, saved the colony from utter abandonment. When others ceased to require their Labour, those humble folk, who, like the sheep and cattle, had been imported for the use of others, withdrew from the labour market, and, much to the disgust of the hired labour and sufficient price theorists, commenced to employ themselves, and give employment to others, by settling down on suitable rtions of land, the price of which had fallen, and for which they were the only possiblo purchasers. By their efforts the colony was kept going; commodities, not only for home consumption. but for export were produced; and, though Adelaide became for a time almost as a desert- ed; g ia twelve < months to the extent of four thousand, steady development, instead of gambling, became the order of the day; thus once more proving that "land is the mother, and labour the father ot all wealth," and that where land is available labour is truly free and independent, just as where it is all engrossed it is enthralled, help- less, and independent. TO END CLASS DISTINCTION. Thus the steps intended to enslave labour, to produce poverty in the midst of plenty, to create in a new country "a constant supply ot free (?) and cheap" hired labour, failed in their purpose, owing to conditions over which the patriotic promoters of the new British Colony had 110 control. But from their proposals we may perhaps learn how most easilv to remove these effects where they already exist. For, if by engro'-sing all the available land into the by engTO-.smg all the available land into the hands of a few, we can at wiil produce both a leisured "superior ciass" and an industrious, but enthralled and helpless, "free and cheap" "Labour class" then by reversing the process, by putting an end to land monopoly and making lilg and keeping the use of the land available to all upon equal and equitable terms, we may hope to avoid or put and end to those invidious and unnatural ciass distinctions, with all that they involve, which to-day tend to mako the older countries "the paradise of the few rich, the purgatory of the still fewer who are wise, but the hell of the industrious many who axe made and kept poor." If the Commissioners had been as solicitous for the welfare of "the emigrants of the lab- ouring class" as they were for "the persons of the superior class," this, manifestly, would have been the policy they would have pursued. Instead of arrogating to themselves the power to create a class of landlords, who shail "own" :11e land for ever, controlling its use and appro- priating to th:1U:celv.¡>s Üs ever increasing un. improved site values. Thus, no artificially created "sup\r¡(1r class" would have been pro- duced, nor any law-created helpless, and exploit- ed labour class. Equal opportunities could havo been secured to all, special favours and advantages to none. Some such steps as these would have been adopted had the Colonisation Commisj.ioners been in earnest to --ecure that "fair prospect of advancement in life," which they held out to the emigi-,itits- of- the labouring class" as a bait to induce them to go and to remain in vhc now colony. For if they had made over tho land in suitable blocks, in town nd in country, to those who wanted to put it to use, subject on IT to the annual payment of its unimproved rental value, whether the land were in use or not, then evidently 110 one would have had any inducement to buy the land or to own the land, unless they were desirous of putting it to use. Thus all the dire social ills due to land mono- poly would have been avoided, and the public revenues of the new colony for all time could have been raised without trespassing upon thv earnings or penalising the industrial activities of a single member of the community. In other words, all that equitably belongs to the individual could have been secured to the indi- vidual, and all that in equity belongs to the community could have been secured to the community as a whole. This method of land-holding-, or land-tenure, and of raising the necessary public revenues without deducting from the earnings of the individual, is known to-day as the taxation of land values. The term is rather a misleading one; for appropriating for public uses a value that is created and has constantly to be re- created by the presence, needs and activities of the public, cannot well be termed taxation. Under such conditions, no one would long care to claim to control an acre of land, or any other natural opportunity, unlezi, they wanted to use it, and. what is of equal importance to put it to the best use of which it is capable. For no one would care to rent land in Cheap- side in order to grow cabbages. Thus the land —"the field of all labour and the pource of all wealth"—would soon become available to indus- try on very different terms and conditions from those to-dav demanded and obtained. With land available to their industry, the workers, no matter in what field of industry they may tem- porarily be employed, or unemployed, would be made truly free, in a position to demand from others the full value of their services, or to produce for themselves from the natural sources such wealth as they may desire for their own comforts, as well as such capital as they want to facilitate their future labours.

MINERS' WAGES. MEETING OF THE SOUTH WALES CONCILIATION BOARD. A meeting of the Conciliation Board for the coal trade of Monmouthshire and South Wales was held e.t Cardiff on Monday, Mr. F. L. Davis presiding over the owners' representatives and Mr. W. Abraham, M.P., over the work- men's representatives. A meeting wa/s requir- ed by Rule VI. of the Rules of Procedure of the Conciliation Board agreement to consider the owners' application for a reduction of 75 per cent. in the general wage rate. Having heard the statement of Mr. Davis in support of the owners' claim for a reduction, and the grounds upon which the claim was made and the replies of Mr. W. Abraham, Mr. Alfred Onions, and Mr. W. Brace stating the objections of the workmen's representatives to the proposals, it was found that the two aides of the Board were unable to agree, and conse- quently that it would be necessary to call in the independent chairman, Lord St. Aldwyn, to give heis casting vote.—A letter having been received from Lord St. Aldwyn, who is now in Na.ples, to the effect that if his services were required he would appoint Saturday, 22nd inst., as the date for the adjourned meeting, it was resolved to hold a meeting on that date, and the meeting was therefore adjourned. At the conclusion of the discussion in refer- ence to the general wage rate, Mr. Davis, on behalf of the owners' representatives, drew at- tention to the position of the Eight Hours ques- tion as it was laid before the last meeting of the Board, when the owners' representatives had suggested, in view of the advice which they had received from counsel, that the Con- ciliation Board agreement would terminate on the coming into force of the new Eight Hours Act on the 1st of July next, and in view of the contention of the workmen's representatives that the agreement would not necessarily terminate in consequence of the Act, that the whole question should be referred upon the legal point to one of the law lords or a judge of the High Court, to be appointed by the Lord Chanoe''or, in order that his opinion might be obtained for the guidance of both sides. Mr. Davis asked the workmen's representatives if they were in a position to give their reply upon this suggestion. Mr. William Abraham said that the sugges- tion had received the very careful considera- tion of the workmen's representatives, but they regretted their inability to accede to it, as they could not see that any advantage would be de- rived from obtaining a decision upon the point, the workmen's representatives holding that it was quite possible to continue the agreement to its natural termination in March next, and that the working of the Act should be given a trial in the meantime. Subsequently reference was made to the sug- gestion which was made by the workmen's re- presentatives at the last meeting that a small joint sub-committee should be appointed to dis- cuss the question of the arrangements neces- sary for the carrying out of the Act at the respective collieries.—Mir. Fred Davis intimated that the owners' representatives had decided to agree to that suggestion.—The following were appointed a sub-committee to discuss the ques- tion in 'detail and report to the Conciliation Board at a special meeting on the 21st inst. :— Owners' representatives: Messrs. F. L. Davis (president), W. J. Heppell, E. M. Hann, Wm. Evans. Charles B. Eden, Leonard W. Llewelyn, W. A. Dalziel iaecretary). Workmen's repre- sentatives: M-e-Æs, W. Abraham, M.P. (presi- dent), John Williams. M.P., James Winstone, Alfred Onions. D. Watts Morgan, Vernon Hartshorn, and Thomas Richard's, M.P. (secre- tary).

South Wales Miners' Federation. The Executive Council of the South Wales Miners' Federation met at Cardiff on Saturday. Mr. W. Abraham (Mabon), M.P., president of the Federation, being in the chair, and those present including Mr. W. Brace, M.P., (vice- president), Mr. Onions (treasurer), and Mr. T. Richards, M.P. (secretary) A report was received thai the firemen at the | Lancaster Collieries, Blaina, had given notices to terminate contracts in consequence of the dismissal of one of their number. The con- sideration of this matter was deferred. A further report of the investigation into the Aber Colliery dispute was given by Mr. Tom Harries, and a deputation of the workmen also attended, asking that the council should con- vene a general conference of the members of the Federation for the purpose of consider- ing the unfair treatment alleged to have been meted out by the management of this colliery to the workmen. It was resolved that the ques- tion of a general conference be deferred for the present, and that the President (Mabon) be j added to the deputation that had previously been in negotiation with the owners with a view of again trying to effect a settlement. Messrs. Charles Edwards, D. Watts Morgan, md Aid. John Thomas were appointed to at- bend the International Miners Conference to be held at Berlin on May 31st. fl It was resolved that the ballot upon the out- ?f-work fund scheme should be taken through- out the Federation in the last week in May. I

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