The Merthyr Express

A POLITICAL PROBLEM THAT HAS BEEN SOLVED. HOW TO PRODUCE UNEMPLOYMENT. By LEWIS H. BERENS. Pt should be understood that the Editor does not necessarily share the views expressed by the writer.] '"iue modern system of industry will not work Without some unemployed margin—some re- ■erve of labour."—The Right Hon. Charles Booth ("Labour and Life of the People"). On the many political or social problems at present confronting society, aJid awaiting solu- tion, much difference of opinion may honest y exist. Hence heated controversy is only to be expected. The subject of these articles, how- ever, is not any such problem, but one which bas already been confronted and solved. yur methods therefore will not be controversial. Our endeavour will simply be to before our readers the means by which a political pro- blem which greatly disturbed the economists and politicians of the early nineteenth century has already been solved, and in a manner wnicn from the particular or peculiar point of view of those undertaking the work leaves little or nothing to be desired. The problem to which we refer was how to establish in the new territory of Australasia social conditions similar to those prevailing in the Mother Country of Great. Britain. IDO™" words how to provide conditions favourable to the establishment or development, on the one hand of an independent superior leisured class who should be able to command a maximum of wealth at the cost of little or no labour, and on the other, of a dependent, industrial, inferi- or class, who should perforce have to be con- tent to do the maximum of work for others in return for subsistence wage. A LETTER FROM SYDNEY. Unless some practical, effective and well-de- fined steps for artificially producing these classes, viz. wealthy leisured gentlemen and poverty-stricken, hard working casual labourers. were taken, there seemed but little chance of their being produced naturally in the new Co- lonies. The impossibility there of idle gentle- men pursuing their normal life, earning a IIv. ing, if we may so term Jt, in the way they were accustomed to do in the Mother Country, was eloquently described in a little book, "A Letter from Sydney," which produced quite a len&ation in the literary and political world of London in 1829. The writer, who was soon known to be a Mr. Edward Gibbon Wakefield, represented himself as an English gentleman of large fortune and refined tastes, who had emi- grated to Australia under the impression that in estate of 20,000 acres there would procure him at least the same income, social standing, and consideration as an esr-ate of 1,000 acres in England. He graphically described the unfor- tunate situation in which he found himself in the following words: "I have at 20,000 acres for a mere trifle, and I imagined that an estate of that extent would be very valuable. In this I was wholly mistaken. As my estate cost nexu to noth- ing, so it is worth next to nothing. I did not, you know, intend to bacome a farmer. Having fortune enough for all my wants, I proposed to get a large domain, to build a good house, to keep enough land in my own hands for pleasure grounds, park and game preserves, and to let the rest, after erecting farmhouses in suitable spots. My mansions, park, preserveB and tenants were all a mere dream. There is no such class as a tenantry in this country where every man who has capital to cultivate a farm can have one of his own." He^ then further describes how even "his own man had left him. and was employing his own labour on his own farm, how he imported labourers and mechanics from England to lay out his estate, and how they, too, left him to aet up as independent workers on their own ac- count. He points out that in his opinion the Colonies would inevitably relapse into total bar- barism whenever the abolition of oonvict assignment system, then still prevailing, should leave colonists such as himself dependent on free labour. The whole evil, accoXg to t/his eloquent gentleman of fortune, who. according •t il18 °Wn entirely lacked "industry^ '11 economy, or taste for agricultural or pas- toral pursuits," lies in cheap land. Cheap land, he wisely oontended, means dear labour With Cheap land and dear labour the Colonies could not hope to continue to be advantaged by the presence of such men as himself. In fact he argues, enly such men as suffer privations l u!!re 'an<^ ^ear anc' labour cheap, common labourers, mechanics, farmers, and poor lieu- tenants, would under the prevailing conditions onlv enjoy colonial life. The cause of the effect having been discover- ed, the effective remedy was no longer difficult to find. If available and cfieap land meant con- want employment, free, independent and dear labour, engrossed and dear land would necess- arily bring in its train a fluctuating labour mar- ket, as well as dependent, enthralled, helpless and cheap labour. This was Edward Gibbon Wakefield's great discovery; and the basis of his system of colonization may be summed up in the one phrase--Land monopoly The "Letter from Sydney," as we have said, nt. attracted great attention, and served as a means of introducing its gifted author to the highest government circles. Needless to say he had little difficulty in convincing the highly placed representatives of the ruling classes of Great Britain of the great value of his theories and in 1835-36 the new colony of South Australia was promoted and subsequently established entirely in accordance with the Wakfield system of oolonization and the specified condition of colo- nization were framed in accordance therewith. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS. The extent to which Mr. Wakefield had suc- ceeded in converting politicip-ns, financiers, and t 1.'3 Inxid speculators to his peculiar theory of colo- nization, and the effective steps taken to achieve the end he constantly had in view, viz.: To establish in Australia the same social condi- tions as prevailed in the Mother Country, are clearly revealed in a report from the Com- missioners for South Australia received bv the Secretary of State for the Colonies on June &4th, 1856, and ordered by the House of Com- mons to be printed on July 28th. After a brief reference to the Act to which they owed their ••ppoi ntment, the Commissioners say: "As the distinguishing and cardinal prin- ciples >of the Colony of South Australia are, that all public lauds shall be sold, and that TP ■■■

FilEt TO WOMEN. uS;? BROWN'S FEMALE SYRUP has ob- »nale Won^erful results in the euro of all fe- triaj* /■"regularities. I will send any woman a ^ree on rece'P* two stamps to pay menff* a.Dd Packing, if "Merthyr Express,r is me to h not this offer, but write t nn Brown, 21, Station Parade, j eld., L9nd,a,

DREADFUL ECZEMA CURED BY DR. MORSE'S INDIAN ROOT PILLS. That torturing and disfiguring disease has its cause in an impure condition of the bloofl. The impure condition of the blood often arises from a diseased condition of I i,, 1, f, w t.0, x 41 "I. I the stomach and allied organs of digestion and nutrition. When diges- tion is imperfect the nutrition of the body is inadequate to its needs. The blood becomes thin, poisons accumulate in it, and these poisons often manifest them- selves in some eruptive disease. Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills cure diseases of the stomach and other organs of diges- tion and nutrition. They eliminate poisonous sub- stances from the blood, purifying it, and increas- ing its quality and rich- ness. They get at the cause and foundation, they cure pcrtectiy diseases'of the blood and other diseases which originate iu a diseased stomach. Sold by Chemists and Stores, price 1/11 per bottle, or The W. H. Comstock Co., Ilt<1., l, famjisdyu Av?W, £ .Q. .;k I

I TREHARRIS. I PRESENTATION.—On Friday ee'n-night at the schools, a social was held by the Ladies' Ambu- lance and Sick Nursing Classes, in honour of Dr. Stewart, Dunbar, the instructor. The ta- bles were presided over by the ladies of the classes. After tea a gold mounted walking stick was presented to Dr. Dunbar by Miss Mary Gwen Davies, on behalf of the classes, ajid Dr. Dunbar, in response, feelingly acknow- ledged the gift. FOREST ROAD.-On Sunday evening, a child- ren's service was held at the Welsh Baptist school-room, when an excellent paper was read by Miss Mary James entitled, "Builders and Buildings." An address was delivered by Mr. W. R. Thomas. A recitation was given b" Miss Mabel Jones, and a solo by Miss Cas- sie Davies. Mr. Abel Stephens conducted the singing, while Miss Rebecca Thomas presided at the organ. SOCIAL.—A very enjoyable tea and social were held on Thursday evening at the Parish Hall by the members of the St. Matthias' De- bating Society to wind up the session in a fitting manner. The table delicacies were pro- vided by the lady members, and highly appreci- ated by all presents Dancing, songs and games made up the programme for the evening. Songs were capitally rendered by Messrs. Daniel, Capt. W. Dowdeswell, Bert Ninnis, and R. Evans, Mr. Wall recited and Miss Ed- wards gave a pianoforte solo. Thanks to Mrs. R. Evans and her many willing co-operators were given. Nobody experienced a dull mo- ment, and there were many expressions of re- gret ^when all joined in singing "Auld Lang byne to bring the evening to & conclusion. Mission SERVICES.—Mr. W. R, Lane, of the National Free Church Council, London, con- cluded a very successful ten days' mission in Treharris, under the auspices of the local Free Church Council, on Monday night, when he addressed a crowded congregation at Taber- nacle, on "The Gambling Table to the Mercy Seat." The address was highly instructive, and at times amusing. Mr. Lane was at one time in the Coldstream Guards, to which fact he frequently referred. On Sunday afternoon Mr. Lane addressed a large number of men at Tabernacle, the advice imparted being lis- tened to with rapt attention. All the services were held at Tabernacle with two exceptions, these being held at Bethel English Bapriot. On Saturday evening, Mr. Lane delivered a lan- tern lecture entitled, "The Bedford Tinker and his book," to a vast audience. The mission has been a complete success, and it is likely to be followed by a Welsh mission on a later date. VESTBY MEKTING.-The annual vestry in con- nection with St. Mathias* Church, was held on Tuesday evening, in the Parish Hall. The Vi- car (Rev. R. David) presided, and reviewed the work of the past year. Apart from the financial standpoint it had, he said, been a year of distinct progress. The number of Com- municants had increased; the Parish Hall had been completed and was now in use; a series of lectures had been organised by the Church Defence League, and an interesting course of debates on the topics of the day had been held during the winter months, disclosing several budding orators among the members of the congregation and friends. In response to his appeal made at the last vestry meeting, a large number of teachers and helpers had join- ed the Sunday School, which was now in a very efficient state. In fact, the co-operation of the laity in all branches of the Church's work had been very marked during the year, and very gratifying. He trusted that the interest aroused would be even greater as time went on. Capt. W. Dowdeswell, the retiring people's warden, was elected Vicar's warden, and Mr. Evan Morgan people's warden for the ensu- ing year. The treasurer, Capt. W. Dowdes- well, and the secretary, Mr. W. R. J. Firth, were re-elected. Messrs. T. Jenkins, G. All- mand, J. Aurelius, J. A. Jenkins, and J. Mose- ley Jones were added to the existing list of sidesmen. A resolution strongly condemning the introduction of the Welsh Disestablishment and Disendowment Bill into Parliament was proposed by Mr. Durden. and carried unanim- ously. Copies were directed to be sent to the Prime Minister, Mr. Balfour, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishop of Llandaff. Votes of thanks to the Vicar for presiding, and to the retiring officers for their services during the past year brought the proceedings to a close. NATUKE IS ARRAYETI in all her glory. Follow her example and array yourself in smart spring attire purchased at the Emporiirtn of Fashion, R T. JONES & Co 's, Market-square. Merthyr Tydfil. -+-

The Treharris Fowl Case. SEQUEL IN THE COUNTY COURT. At Merthyr County Court, on Wednesday, before His Honour Judge Bryn Robert-, an ac- tion was brought by William Thomas Smith, a roadman in the employ of the Merthyr Cor- poration, who lives at 1 reharris, against Wm. Gibbon, his next door neighbour, to recover damages for malicious prosecution.—Mr. F. P. Charles was for piaint, Mx. W. R. Edmunds for defendant. Mr. Charles said that frotn July last year to February last the plaintiff was continually annoyed by the defendant's fowls trespassing upon his flower and vegetable garden. Plain tiff continually remonstrated with defendant, and warned him that if the damage done did not cease. he would take steps to protect him- self. On February 10th the plaintiff saw a fowl belonging to the defendant doing damage in his garden, and impounded it. Defendant's son was looking on at the time, and plaintiff told him what he had done. Defendant de- manded the return of the fowl, and plaintiff said he would return it if defendant would pay for the damage done. This the defendant declined to do, but went to the police, who advised him to take county court proceedings. Defendant issued a police court summons, and on the 16th of March plaintiff was charg- ed with stealing the fowl. Sir Marchant Wil- liams, however, held that there had been no felonious intent, and dismissed the case. Plain- tiff was put to expense and inconvenience, his reputation had suffered, and he suffered great anxiety, for which he asked damages. Mr. Charles said there was a counter claim, one item being the price of 72 eggs, or an egg per day. He thought a hen which laid eo regu- larly as that ought to be stuffed and put in a glass case.—Plaintiff having given evidence, he was cross-examined by Mar. Edmunds. He admitted he had the hen now. Defendant had complained that his (plaintiff's) fowls had also straved upon his garden. Mr. Edmunds contended that he had no case to answer, but Hh Honour said that malice was implied by the prosecution, and that had been proved in crosv-exrmination, as there had been some bickering about the fowls of both parties. There was malice both in fact and in law. Judgment was given for the plaintiti for to 12s., and the counter caJm was dismmed. Have you anything to Sol.I? Advertise in our want Columns and it is »» *» sold. "">•— 4. £ 4

Water Consumption at Merthyr Workhouse. SEVENTY THOUSAND GALLONS A DAY. A meeting of the Waterworks Committee of the Merthyr Corporation was held on Wednes- day, Coun. Dd. John presiding. It was reported lhat the following bills for water were still unpaid:—Merthyr Board of Guardians. £2 (8 4s. 6d.; Messrs. Owen and George, fill 3s. 3d. Vaynor and Penderyn District Council, 17s. The meter ac- counts in each case were disputed. With re- gard to the first item the Surveyor reported: "The consumption of water is still abnormally hi-1 being about 60,COO gallons per day. It has been over 70,000. Taking 700 persons, in- cluding the official staff, as a basis, the quanti- ty for general purposes should not be over 21,000 per day The Master (Mr. Williams) is removing old service pipes and endeavouring to discover defects. I have made a personal in- vestigation as to how the water is consumed, and cannot find leakage to any considerable extent. The quantity used for the flushing of the water closets in connection with the old part of the building is enormous, and is due to the several flushing cisterns which work au- tomatically at too rapid intervals. The several closets in the new Infirmary are fitted with or- dinary syphon cisterns, actuated by a pull chain. All the water is heated by steam gener- ated at the old laundry, und conveyed to the new Infirmary by steam pipes. I beg to sug- gest that all the old flushing cisterns should be altered so that the syplion should not dis- charge so frequently as at present. I have as- certained that if the present flushing arrange- ments were kept on continuously for 24 hours the consumption would be about 48,000 gallons per day for closets alone, but Mr. Williams in- forms me that they shut. them off a.t night. The present consumption would be about 24,000 gallons for 12 hours per day. The alteration would be by means of an additional tap to minimise the flow in to the cisterns, and I believe the quantity could be reduced to 12,000 gallons per day, but the large cisterns should be replaced by smaller ones. I also recom- mend three 3,inch valves to be inserted in the main so as to have means of ascertaining the quantity of water in the different parts of the ground. I would suggest that a meter be placed for measuring the wafer supplied for laundry 1 and steam generating purposes, which water should, in my opinion, be paid for ac- cording to tariff, I aiso suggest that the baths be paid for according to the terms of the 1858 Act. There are about twenty baths. The Town Clerk and myself have interviewed Mr. F. T. James, Clerk to the Board of Guardians, and the above proposals were explained to him. and he promised to lay them before his Board." In regard to Messrs. Owen and George, the Surveyor said ha had investigated the matter and found that a leakage, which was not dis- covered, had been running for several weeks at a point in the service pipe beyond the meter. lIe suggested that the firm be required to pay one-half of the difference between the quantity usually consumed and the quantity registered, and this was agreed to. The Surveyor WM in- structed to report with regard .to the Vayncr Council account. The Surveyor presented a report showing the wages paid to the turncocks and plumbers. of whom Crandon, Cawley, and Edwards had asked for an advance. The wages were:— Turncocks-Merthvr District: Richard Davies and John Williams, 30s. per week each; Dow- lais District: H. Crajidon, 28s. per week, and lives free at Garth Filter House Troedyrhiw District: Jas. Williams, 303. per week. Tre- harris District: Thos. Cawley (who does all the plumbing work of Treharris and partly for Aberfan and Merthyr Vale, also repairing and glazing of oil and acetylene lamps), 30s. per week. Plumbers — Merthyr District: Wm. Chanter, 6s. 2d. p?- c]ay A. Williams (engag- ed temporarily), 8<]. pGr' hour; Dowlais Dis- trict W. N. Edwards, 1-A- Per hour. C'aw- ley's wage was advanced 2s- a week; but the others were not altered. With regard to the claim of Mrs. Rache! Pickerell, of Cefn, for damages in respect of the bursting of a pipe, the Surveyor said he had examined the place, and was of opinion that no claim against the Corporation could be sustained. The Surveyor reported regarding the water supply to the new gas works at the Willows as follows:—"With respect to the revenue to be derived from the sale of water to the Merthyr Gas Company so far as I am aware there will not be much difference in the quantity of water consumed at the new gas works as compared with the present consumption, as it is intended to stop the manufacture of gas at the old works; but probably the revenue will be slightly in- creased. The Company, I understand, intend building a few workmen's dwellings, and there are two existing cottages on tho ground. If water were laid on for these houses, the domes- tic supply would be an addition to the revenue. It appears to me that the Corporation should lay the main to the Company's boundary, and that a metter should be fixed at this point to measure all the water consumed, including that to the houses. The cost of the necessary length of 3-inch main would amount to about £45." TIlls was agreed to. ..0-

Gellygaer and Merthyr Union. REPRESENTATON BOARD OF GUARDIANS. At a special meeting of Merthyr Board of Guardians en Saturday, the Rev. Hathren Davies presiding, a letter was rend from the Clerk of the Glamorgan County Council stat- ing that a meeting of the joint committee of the Glamorgan and Breconshire County Coun- cils and the Merthvr County Borough Council would be held on Monday, at Hengoed, to con- sider a proposal to alter the number of guar- dians representing the Gellygaer parish, and make any consequential alterations in the con- stitution of the Merthyr Doard of Guardians, and the Board were asked to send representa- tives to the joint committee. It was explained that the reason for the proposed change was that Gellygaer had been made into an urban district, and was, therefore, entitled to be treat- ed in the satne wav as Merthyr and Aberdare were. The Clerk gave the following particulars relating to the six parishes forming the Mer- thyr Tydfil UnionAberdare, estimated pop- ulation, 47,909; rateable value, 195,194; re- present&tiott, 15 Gellygaer: Estimated popu- lation, 28,802; 'rateable value, £141,803; re- presentation, 11, Merthyr: Estimated popu- lation, 78,365; rateable value, £275,807; re- presentation, 20. Penderyn: Estimated popu- lation, 1,580; rateable value, £11,380; repre- sentation, 3. Rhigos: Estimated population, 972; rateable value, £7,314; representation, 2. Vaynor: Estimated population, 3,705; rat-I able value, representa.tion, 4. The Rev. LI. M. Williams (rector of Dowlais) pointed out that according to the figures Aber- dare had one member for every 3,194 of the population, Merthyr one for every 3,918, and Gellygaer one for evorv 2,618. He formally moved that if an additional representation on the Board of Guardians be granted to Gelly- K^er. the Board was of opinion that there should be a proportionate and equitable in- crease in the representation of the parishes of Aberdare and Merthyr.—Mr. W. Harris se- conded.—Mr. Andrews moved an amendment that in view of the probable change in the law as affecting Boards of Guardians the board should allow matters to remain as at present. On a. division the original proposition was adop- ted by a large majority, and a committee was appointed to place the views of the Board be- fore the joint committee at Hengoed.

FOCHRIW. ^J'OTRTNG AND BOOTS —YOU will find at T. Fine ™ C°.'s Mia largest and most comprehensive Stock of Clothing and Boots in Wales. Men's suits from 16s. lid. to 45s.; Youths' suits from 12s. 6d. to 26s. lid., well-tailored and well-fitting garments; always something new in Fancy Suits, for little boys, a.t moderate prices.—T. FrNB A Co., Pontlottyn, I.O.G.T.—The weekly meeting of the "Star of Fochriw" Lodge of the International Order of Good Templars was held a.t the Baptist Ves- try on Thursday evening week, and was presid- ed over by Chief Templar, Bro. Wm. Jones. The following were elected officers for the com- ing quarter :—Chief Templar, Bro. W. Jones vice templar, Sister Bronwen Ballard; secre- tary. Sister M. A. Lewis; financial secretary, Sister Ceridwen Thomas; treasurer, Bro. Thos. Thomas; chaplain, Bro. James Williams; mar- shall, Bro. S. Lewis; guard, Bro. Thomas Lawis; sentinel, Sister Catherine Jones; deputy marshall, Bro. W. J. Jones; past chief tem- plar. Bro. Wm. Griffiths. The following hold yearly offices: Bro. Charles Payne, L.D.; Bro. Thomas Thomas, E.S., and Bro. Thomas Lewit, S.J.W. ST. CHTTRCH.—The annual meeting in connection with this church was held at the Institute on Monday night. The meeting was presided over by the Rev. Thomas Rees, B.A. (Vicar), who was supported by the Rev. W. Edwardes (curate).—In opening the business, the Vica.r eaid that he wa* glad to be with them once more, and was pleased to see so many sent. He welcomed Mr. Edwards, and hoped he would remain with them at Fochriw for a long time to come.—Mr. J. C. Payne read the statement of accounts, which showed a balance on the right 6ide.—The accounts were adopted, on the motion of Mr J. Richards, seconded by Mr. F. R. Barker.—Th9 following sidesmen were elected by the people: Mr. F. R. Barker, Mr. David Jones, and Mr. William Witton, and the curate elected as his sidesmen: Mr. William Davies (under-nianager), Mr. Wilson, and Mr. J. Richards.—The retiring sidesmen were heartily thanked by the Vicar for their past, services, and also the superintendent (Mr. William Lewis), the teachers of the Sunday School, the organists (Miss E. C. Morgan and Master Octavius Richards), and all who worked for the Church.—The question of lay represent- atives for tha Diocesan Conference was brought on by the Vicar, and Messrs. J. C. Payne and F. R. Barker were appointed.—Mr. Samuel Thomas spoke strongly on the question of the Government's Bill for the Disestablishment and Dieendowment of the Church in Wales, and moved the following resolution: "That this meeting most strongly protests against the Government's Bill for the Disestablishment and Disendowment of the Church in Wales, and pledgee itself to do all in its power to prevent the passing of such a. measure. "—The resolu- tion was seconded bv Mr- J. Richards, and car- ried tlna,nimou;;1y.A hearty vote of vhanks was accorded the Vicar for presiding, on the motion of the Rev. W. EdWêl.de1 sespacled by fclr. SftBHje,! Thomas, i Z&a: W ":i vi

dowlais. AN INTERESTING DISPLAY—HOW "K" Boots are made, and what they are made of. We are exhibit- ing in our windows a choice selection of fine skins of black and brown leather, as used in the manu- facture of "K" Bootsand Shoes. Note Address, W. li. WILLIAMS, 51A, High-street, Merthyr. J. JKREMIAH, Plumber, Gas Fitter, and House Decorator, 5, North-street, Dowlais. Lowest priccs compatible with good workmanship and materials. A trial solicited. Also open to negotiate for the sale or purchase of property privately. Note the address, 5. North-street, Dowlais. GREAT SHOW OF CLOTHING for Winter Wear at W. MORGAN DAVIES, 115. High-street, Dowlais. Boys', ioutiis', a Mi Men's Suits in great variety. An inspection invited. Hats, Caps, etc., in the newest shapes. SHORTHAND—Private classes now being form- ed. All stages. Tom Phillips, 48, Brynheulog- street, Penydarren. DOWLAIS C.E.M.S.—A meeting to form a. cricket club in connection with this society will be held at the Parish Hall, Garden-street, on Friday evening, April 30th, at 8.30 o'clock. All Churchmen interested in cricket are cordially invited to attend. MUSICAL SUCCESS.—We are pleased to note that Mr. Willie Morgan, son of Mr. George Morgan, tailor, etc., Odessa-street, passed the recent examination in singing of the Amalgam- ated Board of the R.A.M. and R.C.M.. Lon- don, and was awarded the Advanced Certifi- cate. The success of this promising young baritone must be exceedingly gratifying. In passing, it may bs mentiollied as somewhat unique that, on the occasion of the last National Eisteddfod of Wales held in Llanelly, he figured as the prize-winning soloist in tho boy soprano competition. Mr. Morgan. who is a pupil of Mr. E. T. Davies, F.R.C.O., Cartrefie, has made great progress since then, and distinguish- ed himself with the numerous other vocalists who enjoy Mr. Davies's experienced and excel- lent tuition. "RESCUED IN LONDON.—A service of song en- titled "Rescued in London," was given by the choir of Ebenezer Primitive Methodist Church, on Thursday evening week, at the chapel, un- der the conductorship of Mr. John Vaughan, David-street, to a. large and appreciative con- gregation. Solos, duets, etc., were rendered by Messrs. J. Davies, J. Matthews, and Percy Thomas, accompanied by Miss Lizzie M. Ro- berts, Greenfield-terrace, Penydarren. Votes of thanks were proposed by Inspector Edwards7 a.nd seconded by Mr. Geo. Roberts, to Mrs. J. B. Evans, Aelybryn, who presided to the Rev. S. Harry, who gave the connecting readings to the musical numbers, and to the choir, who did their work admirably. Mr. W. J. Townsend, Berry-square (organist) ably presided at the or- gan and assisted the choristers throughout the service of song. NATURE IS ARRAYED in all her glory. Follow her ?xample and array yourself in smart spring attire purchased at the Emporium of Fashion, R. T. JONES & Co.'s, Market-square, Merthyr Tydfil. —

Dowlais Sensation. THROAT CUT IN THE STREET. Shortly before two o'clock on Friday after- noon, a single man, named Lewis Welding, called at. the Police Station and told Inspector Lamb that he wished to give himself up, as he had run away from his lodgings at the Mason's Arms, Penydarren. When asked if he had stolen anything, the man seemed quite in- dignant and replied in the negative, whereupon he was advised to go away, and he lsft the (sta- tion. A little later, when going on duty, Police- constables Latton and Roberts found Welding lying in Market-ftreet, a short distance away from the Police Station, bleeding from a. gash on the left side of his neck, about three inches long In his possession wa-s found a blood- stained razor, with which he said ho had cut himself. He Was temporarily attended to by the officers and taken to Dr; S. C. Cress- well's night surgery, where Dr. Macdonald re-dressed the wound, and the man was sub- sequently removed to the Merthyr Workhouse Infirmary. Welding, who appeared to be per- fectly sober, is reported to be progressing fav- ourably, the injury not being of a dangerous character, and he will be taken before the local magistrates in due course.

Fisons' (Ipswich) Fertilizers. < 1 (V k tons (98 tons 2 cwts) per acre Mangolds A were grown with these fertilizers last year by Mr. A. M. Hoare, Trewanta Hall, Launceston, Cornwall. Proportionately large crops of Cabbages, Swedes and Turnips wore also grown by their use all over England. Fer- tilizers sent carriage paid. Write for particulars to Joseph Fison and Co., Ltd., Ipswich.

Dowlais Catholic Schools Claims. EXTENDING THE CAMPAIGN. The Catholics of Dowlais extended their cam- paign for better treatment of their schools to Merthyr Vale, on Sunday last, and met with a cordial reception from their Catholic friends there. A meeting was held in the Drill Hall, and Mr. M. 0'Sullivan presided. Mr. P. Mansfield, Dowlais, at some length, explained the object of the agitation, and point- ed out that the meeting was called for the purpose of organising the Catholics of Merthyr Vale and to bring them into line with their co- religionists at Dowlais and Merthyr. In no circumstances was the phrase liberty of consci- ence more dishonoured than it was by those who used it as a cloak and a justification for a most malignant form of religious persecution, and those who declared most loudly that they car- ried the banner of liberty were most prominent in penalising staunch supporters of the same movement because these very supporters wanted to give their children religious education with their own money. It was often thrown in their teeth that they paid small salaries to their teachers before the Council took them over. But they should consider that Catholics had to build their schools, equip them, pay their teach- ers, and pay rates for the support of the other schools as well. That was the great injustice. This was done with the assistance only of a grant which was little more than half that re- ceived by the Council at present. It was a mat- ter for congratulation that their school doors could be kept open at all. Not long ago sev-I eral chapels in Dowlais received a very snug sum of money as rent for providing accommo- dation for the children, while part of the Cen- tral Schools was being altered. If the Council had to pay for the accommodation of the 800 children attending the Catholic Schools there they would find that, the free use of the schools would amply pay for the religious education their children got. The tone used by some of their opponents led one to believe that a Ca- tholic had no business in the labour movement. What the Merthyr Vale Irishmen had to do was to teach these persons that right and jus- tice were not empty phrases, and to drive the lesson home when the next election occurred. Mr. Wilson, Dowlais Catholic Schools, said it would appear that their opponents were striving to force & spirit of Nonconformity into their schools, but they wanted Catholic at- mosphere. That was what they were fighting for, and would continue to fight for. Catholic children were as bright and intelligent as any other, and he saw no reason why they should not have the same opportunities of a good, sound education in order to fit them and give them a chance to live a good and useful life. Turning to the staffing of the schools, the speaker said they had only to compare the Catholic Schools of Morgantown with those at Dowlais. The average attendance in both places was 244, yet the salaries paid in the Morgantown Schools totalled £81 16s. 9d. per month. whereas it was only £40 Is. 10d. in Dowlais Roman Catholic Schools. In MorgAn- town there were 100 vacant places in the desks; in their own 100 children were waiting for places, whilst 130 dual desks were required only six were supplied them. The minimum number of certificated teachers required by law for the Dowlais R.C. Schools was three, and three only were gwen them; in Troedyrhiw the minimum number was seven, but they had thirteen. The Council could not give them less, otherwise the grant would be seriously affected. Mr. Bemascone, Merthyr, said they should consider the law as it stands, and the Act of I 1902 should be carried out both in the letter and spirit. If equal treatment would not be given then they shor'd organise, and at the time of elections use their power and vote for those who were prepared to give equal treat- ment to all schools irrespective of creeds. He, therefore, strongly urged the Catholics of Mer- thyr Vale to form themselves into a registration committee, and make the necessary arrange- ments to visit every householder and ascertain if his vote was duly registered. They in Mer- thyr and Dowlais, would do the same, so that when needed the full force of the Catholic vote from Dowlais Top to Troharris could be called upon. Years ago he recollected a simi- lar committee was formed, and did good work during the old School Board elections. What was done then could be done now, and ne had every confidence they woufd fight as Catholics, work as Catholics, and insist upon justice being given them. Dr. J. J. Brennan, Dowlais, felt that the ob- ject of those who voted against them was their strong desire to secularise the Catholic Schools, and he hoped they would all unite to fight in the good cause for their faith and their children. At the close of the meeting a few questions were asked by a Mr. O'Sullivan, and were an. swered by Mr. Wilson. A registration commif tee was then formed, and every confidence tfas felt that through its medium good and useful work would be accomplished.

In connection with the visit of German La- bour leaders, from April 30th to May 5th, the International Arbitration League has arranged an interesting programme.

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the proceeds of their sale shall be employed in conveying labourers to the Colony it follows that the price which it would be most desir- able to obtain for public land is that price which is necessary to secure such a supply of labour as may be sufficient to raise from the land and from other sources the greatest quantity of produce in proportion to the num- ber of hands employed. The price which will secure this supply of labour is the best price; not only best. for the Colony, but also for the purchaser, by whom the price is paid. The object of the solicitude of the Commis- sioners is here, as elsewhere, manifestly for the speculative purchaser, whom they attempt to reconcile to paying the highest price on the tin derstanding of it being entirely expended in I securing him labourers, or population, to mako his land valuable. As we shall presently see, they appear clearly to have recognised that just as labour without land is helpless, so land without labour is valueless. They also appear to have seen that it is Labour which in reality em- ploys capital. For to prove their contention that "it is essential to the prosperity of a new Colony in which there are neither slaves nor convicts that there should be a constant supply of free labourers willing to be employed for wages," they point out that failing such a supply "the capita. I imported must perish for want of hands to render it reproductive." However this may be, the Commissioners at once proceed to point out how they proposed to ensure this "con- stant supply of free labourers willing to be employed for wages," i.e., willing or compell- ed to work for others as their paid servants, and the steps they had in view to prevent these common people being in a position to employ themselves, in the following suggestive passage: "Now, in order to secure that constant sup- ply of free labour for hire which is essential to the prosperity of a Colony in which com- pulsory labour cannot be obtained, two things are necessary: it is necessary that the re- quisite number of labourers should be con- veyed to the Colony, and it is necessary, when so conveyed, they should continue as hired labourers until the arrival of other emi- grants to supply their places in the labour market. Hence, in determining the proper price of public land in the new Colony, two points have to be considered; first, the price necessary to convey to the Colony the number of labourers required to cultivate the land in the most profitable manner; and secondly, the price necessary to prevent the labourers 80 conveyed from acquiring property in land before they have worked for wages for a sufficient period." Here the Commissioners reveal their recogni- tion of the fact that the land question is the labour question: and that it is only by de- priving the common people of access to land that they could secure a supply of thav "free" (?) and "cheap" labour, so abundant in the Mo- ther Country, and which in their wisdom, or ignorance, they deemed "essential to the pros- perity of a new Colony." Then follows an ex- position of the means by which they deemed this end could effectively be secured. "In order to accomplish this latter object" (to prevent the labourers from acquiring property in land, or access to land) "it is not improbable that, at an early period after the arrival of the tiovernor, it may be desirable to raise the price of public land above £ 1 per acre. For snould public land continue to be available at this price, and should wages be such as to enable industrious mechanics to realise a moderate sum in a few months, there would be considerable danger lest they might purchase small freeholds, and cease to work for wages." Such a catastrophe, a catastrophe to those who desired to live in elegant leisure upon the results of the labour of others, must, of course, be averted at all costs; so the Commissioners at once proceed to explain how they propose to avert it: "To avert this evil it would be desirable to fix the price of land sufficiently high to pre- vent the labourers conveyed to the Colony by the emigration fund from becoming proprie- tors and cultivators on their own account un- til after they have worked for hire for a considerable time." And after pointing out the advantages that in their opinion would eventually accrue to the labourer by waiting an indefinite period, till others came in to take their places in the La- bour market, viz., that he, too, might antici- pate eventually becoming "proprietor in the European sense of the term, cultivating his own -tates, by the aid of hired labour—a capitalist realising high profits, and a social resident in a, peopled land." And after pointing out that, seeing that already "in the adjoining Colonies well situated land boars a considerable price, it "will, therefore, be practicable to obtain for the public land of South Australia any price it may be desirable to demand in order to secure the constant, supply of labour for hire," they conclude this portion of their report as fol- lows :— "On these grounds we venture to hope that your Lords'ii^ will approve of our having authori?ed the Colonial Commissioner to ad- vance the price of public land, should the la- bourers conveyed to the Colony by the emi- gration fund begin to cultivate small farms on their own account before the arrival of other I labourers to work for hire in their stead."