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THIRD SERIES.

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THIRD SERIES. [Edited by W. FERGUSSOM IRVINE and J. BROWNBILL.J Being Local Gleanings, Historical and Antiquarian relating to Cheshire, Chester and North Wales, from many scattered fields. Oh, let me teach you how to knit again This scattered corn into one mutual Sheaf. Titus Andronicus, V, iii, 70, 71. NOTES. [650] THE CHESTER HEARTH TAX, 1663-4. I. After the restoration of Charles II. in 1660, Parlia- ment had a number of difficult matters to arrange. One of these was the revenue. The feudal dues were abolished and a number of new taxes instituted, among these being the Hearth tax or "Chimney money." Says Mr Pepys in his Diary (March 3, 1661-2)—"I am told that this day the Parliament hath voted 2s. per annum for every chimney in England, as a constant revenue for ever to the Crown." The occupier, not the owner, of the house had to pay the tax. The overseers had powers of search, in case the householder refused to state the number of hearths in his house, and a few exemp- tions were allowed in the case of those too poor to pay the ordinary rates and taxes. The Act was amended and altered in the following year and in 1664, in order to secure a better return and prevent evasion. One authority states that this Hearth tax was an ancient one in England, though now for the first time regulated by Parliament, but Mr. Dowell in his History of Taxation asserts that it was copied from a French example. Under the name of Fuage or Focage (hearth money) an impost of 12d. for every fire was laid on the subjects of the duchy of Aquitaine by the Black Prince (25 Ed. III.) The tax was farmed out, and of course the farmers did their best to make a profit from it, and therefore brought as many as possible into the contributories. To the Crown it yielded from £ 170.000 to 9200,000 a year. In 1666 Pepys mentions a scheme for abolish- ing the tax at an eight years' purchase, which was estimated as worth Bl, 600,000. It was a very unpopular impost, the power of search being specially objectionable, and on the Revolution it was abolished "to gratify the people," as Evelyn records in his Diary (March 8, 1688-9) with a gloomy foreboding—" But what was intended to supply it, besides present great taxes on land, is not named." The landowners were, however, saved from an extra tax on land by the device of a Window tax, which in a few years replaced the Hearth tax, and was in its turn, about 'seventy years ago, replaced by the Inhabited House duty. The importance of the Hearth tax from the antiquarian point of view is that, the tenant being charged, lists of householders had to be drawn up, township by township, and ward by ward, giving the number of hearths in each house and many of these lists having been preserved it is possible to compile fairly complete directories of the various districts for the period in which the tax was levied, and to estimate the population and its degrees of prosperity as shown by its dwellings. The returns for Chester for the half year ending March 25, 1664, have been copied out for the "Sheaf" by Mr. Gilbert P. Gainon, but as they are too long to be here printed in full a selection had to be made, and only the householders with four hearths and up- wards are given. The full list for Eastgate Ward, for example, has 122 names of persons chargeable, and there are added 22 besides of others excused (all having one hearth each); while only 47, or about a third, come within our limit. Those excluded number 45 of one hearth (including the 22 excused), 33 of two'hearths, and 19 of three hearths The lists are signed by the constables of the wards those for Eastgate being John Hulton, Thomas Lloyd, Randle Bingley, and Richard Matthews. EASTGATE WARD. John Poole Esq. I Randle Sargeant 4 (Mayor) 7 Ann Gierke Wid: 4 Robert Harrison 4 Doctr. Edward Bur- John Heath 4 lace 7 Mr. John Bennett 5 Mr. William Ouldiiam 5 Samuel Gerrard 5 John Travers 8 Richard Townesend 6 Calvin Bruen 4 Richard Taylor( Alder- Richard Minshull Samuel Gerrard 5 John Travers 8 Richard Townesend G Calvin Bruen 4 Richard Taylor(Alder- Richard Minshull man). 6 (Alderman) 7 Thomas Billington 5 John Cowles 7 Edward BradsliawEsq 7 Mrs. Hannah Leiues- Thomas Pickering 5 ley Wid: 12 Sarah Parnell wiri 5 Ann Salisbury Wid:. 4 Thomas HalJwood 5 Margery Butler Wid: 4 Mary Ince wid: 4 Edward Linclcs. 4 Nathaniel Basnett 5 Thomas Jones Ó John Harrison 4 William God fry 5 Thomas Bruen 5 Richard Hiccock 5 John Buck 5 Dorothy Griffith Wid: 4 Samuel Bucke 6 Edward Russell 6 Thomas Hassall 9 Mary Hulton Wid: 5 George Mainwaring Katheriue Ashton Gent: 6 Wid: 5 Thomas Poole Gent: 5 Sarah Dod Wid: 4 EdwdAlderseyGent: 4 Richard Francis 4 Thomas Wright 4 Edward Hulton 7 ath. Kerkman Wid: 5 Jonathan Crosse 4 Kath. Kerknian Wid: 5 Jonathan Crosse 4 ST. JOHN'S WARD. ^^rt BulkeleyEsq. 8 Elizabeth Bridge Wid- 9 John Pulaon Esq. 4 Alice Whittingham Wilham Bennett Wid: 4 (Mercer) 10 Hugh Stringer" 4 Mr. John Sparke 5 Josuah Taylor G Mrs. KatnerineKend- Thomas Davenport 5 rick Wid g Thomas Hoole 6 Silvanus Giles G Robert Leiusley 4 Richard Brett 14 Richard Heath 4 Mr. lhomas Ashton 14 Jane Cotgreave Wid: 4 lhomas Ba^er Gent. -13 Henry Hull 7 -L homas Ashton (Beer Mr. Peter Leigh 4 brewer) g j ames Lynne 4 TRINITY WARD. Hugh Roberts 61 Richard Bird (Ald'n) 8 lhomas Harrison 5 Richard Leuing Esq. Valentine Short 6 (Recorder) 8 Richard Shons 4 j Richard Higginson 7 Elizabeth Nicholas 5 John Williams 4 ArthurWaIley (Aider- John Brett 6 man). 5 Richard Bird (Alder- Mrs. Lettice Hough- man) 5 ton 6 Hugh Maddock 4 vv illiam Snead 4 Gawen Hudson (Mer- Thomas Marsh 5 chant 12 Robert Mosse 4 Ann Hulton Wid: 6 J ohn Whittle 4 Richard Wilson (Cl'ke) 4 vvilliam W illiams 4 Sarah Mothershead. 7 ST. lVIAHY'S WARD. G eorge Manley Gent: 5 John Bruen 4 William WrightGent: 11 Marke Jelliceour 5 Richard Bridge 5 Thomas Fleteher 4 John Poole (Ald'n). 4 John Taylor 4 Elizabeth Alcock 6 Edward Bridge 5 NORTHGATE WAKD. William Ince (Alder- I Katherine Ince 4 man). 5 William Wilme 19 John Ratcliffe Esq. 10 Margaret Annyon 15 Dr. Henry Bridge- Ralph Bingley 5 man (Dean) 12 George Wilson 6 Mrs. Frances Booth, Richard Willi amson 4 Mrs. Katherine Booth J Margaret Green 4 Mrs. Katherine Looth f Margaret Green 4 Charles Farrington 6 Elizabeth Prickett 4 Margaret King Wid: 4 William Kennyon 4 (To be continued.) [651] BRITLAND AND HELSBY LETTER. II. (Continued from No. 639.) When Mr. Serjeant Britland, anciently of Brit- land (a small manor on the Cheshire and Derbyshire marches) a fortnight after the date of his letter, had gowned himself and adjusted his coif and bands, or put on his great big wig and gold-laced velvet Parisian coat and waistcoat, with the big cuffs and ruffs, and a large sprinkling of considerably gold- like buttons, and his three-cornered hat, short broad-bladed file sword, or rapier he had probably received the desired answer-if Mr. Richard Helsby happened to be then in town, or Mr. Serjeant Brit- land happened to be within the Hundred of Macclesfield—for anything that appears to show where his letter was given. But, this may be inferred from the simplest of Pest Office ink-stamps in the world, which must be taken to be that of the London Chief Office. There were probably one or two sub-offices in the suburbs at that early Post Office period—the old Lombard-street office being the head one, at least, about a century after. Thu John Aldcroft" of the letter, seems to have been trustee of the will, with a power of sale; and Richard Helsby, the intending purchaser, seems to have refused to part with his money till assured of a sound title—the legatees, on the one hand, and the trustee, on the other, being equally claimants of the Property. As already also referred to, the connections of Lord Bellasyse (owner of the advowson of Chiswick Church) with Sutton and the Rev. James Ellesby, and with Bellasyse's near Cheshire neighbour, the well-known Mr. Britland, and the latter with Richard Helsby, are all suggestive of a good deal, genealogically. It was not far from Sutton, on the easterly side of Cheshire, where the Sergeant-at-law had inherited or purchased his estate^-which passed to generations of his descendants. His friendship with Richard, and probably with Bellasyse. also, lend colour to the supposition that James Ellesby was either a remote, or a near cousin of Richard, in whose family the name of 'James' was introduced as early as Elizabeth's reign. And the clear, bold, well-formed letters of the signature of Ellesby, according to tracings taken by the rector of Chiswick some years ago, from some of the parish documents, bear a striking resemblance to the signatures of a few of the 17th and 18th century members of the Cheshire stock of the family. As to this latter circumstance, it is a little remind- ful of the early 18th century Hollingworths of Hollmgworth in Mottram-in-Longdendale. They sold the considerable remains of the cradle of their race, and departed—no one knew whither. But, in about a century after, the then heir male, a captain turned up, and restored the family to Cheshire by the purchase of about half the manor aft" in market> bu*. which axter Captain Hollingworth s death, was airain Saannovtd8inof' by,hKbrother and heir^ho ancient rll Cf1ptam 8 assumption of the ancient de, with the outrageous earlv 17th century ortWraphy of ''HoU^ewor^i Tf seems that the heir who sold the estate in the reign *1 u l-™11- ^ed in Maidstone? Keff through which town Chaucer's Canterbury Pi £ passed on their way from The Tabard in SouTh- wark; which very ancient tavern (pulled down a few years ago) was kept in Hen. VIII's. reign by one of another Cheshire name, "William Rutter" —probably one of the Gloucestershire line that branched out of Kingsley, temp. Hen. VI. In Maidstone Mr. Arthur Hollingworth, the vendor, became a licensed victualler and 'iiiii- holder '-in the early coaching days a particularly lucrative occupation. But a century earlier it had grown into disrepute with the governing classes of the country, by virtue' of its rascalities. It was deemed an occupation too disgraceful for a gentle- man to enter upon until one did (circa 1620) enter upon it to the disgust of his friends until he made it, and perhaps them, pay handsomely. However, the "strange-bedfellows" of misfortune proved to be the fortune of the Hollingworths, within a generation or two after. (To be continued.) QUERY. [652] ST. OSWALD'S PARISH BOUNDARIES IN 1620. May I ask for information from your readers on one or two points arising out of the Perambulation document which you have published in the "Sheaf?" 1. This perambulation apparently did not include a large portion of the Township of Blacon- cum-Crabwall, which is now in St. Oswald's Parish. This portion may be roughly described as bounded as follows:—by the brook between Parkgate Road and the Saughall Road Stone Bridge, then for about half a mile by Saughall Road, thence running north- wards in an almost straight line, across the fields and the Canal and over the Parkgate Road, at a point some 200 yards on the Chester side of the Canal bridge to the brook on the other side of the Parkgate Road, below the Asylum, and following the course of this brook back to Parkgate Road, and thence by Parkgate Road to the brook running to Saughall Road. Was this portion of Blacon in St. Oswald's in 1620? If not, when and how did it become attached to it ? It is included in the St. Oswald's Tithe Map. 2. In Speed's Map a river or brook is shewn which runs between Stoke and Coughall, and Back- ford and Moston, past Chorlton, between Mollington Banastre and Upton, and past the Bache into the Dee—very much the same route as the present Shropshire Union Canal. Is anything known of the later history -of this river or brook ? Was it ever tidal, or navigable as Bromborough Pool is? Has it been absorbed, in whole or in part, by the Canal, or by the making of the Cop ? Has its course been diverted in the last 300 years ? Is it possible that before the construction of the Canal, it ran under the Parkgate Road near the Canal Bridge, and across the meadows in Blacon (mentioned above) to Saughall Road, and thence along Saughall road to Stone Bridge, joining Finchett's Gutter at that point, and not in Parkgate Road ? I should like to hazard this suggestion for the consideration of those who are competent to discuss it. If it be a correct one, then the "further Stone Bridge in Mollington Lane" mentioned in the Perambulation document will refer to a bridge crossing this stream near the present Canal Bridge in Parkgate Road, and not one crossing the Bache Brook to Chester (which would be "the first stone Bridge in Mollington Lane"). This hypothesis, could it be established, would render the Perambulation document perfectly intelligible, and would not involve the omission of that portion of Blacon-cum-Crabwall, which is now in St. Oswald's Parish. 3. How near to Saughall Road used the tide to come up, before the Navigation Cop was made ? 4. It would be interesting to know how the origin and meaning and the variations in spelling of all the place names mentioned in the Perambulation document-viz., Blacon, Mollington, Crabhall, Saughall, Bach, Moston, Newton, Picton, Upton, Plemstall, Wirvin, Coughall, Chorlton, Chrougnton, Stoke, Thorneton, Trafford, Hoole, Vicar's Crosse, Chrislington, Butterbach, Brewera, Warton, 1 0 Audford, Huntington, Chelie, Beggers brookes, Flookers Brooke, St. Anns. 5. What is the meaning of Haigh, Intacke, Knowle, Perleway, Meere stone, Withen hey, Rake, Whiclock such ? E. C. L.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT JOTTINGS.…

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LITERARY NOTICES.

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IDEATH OF MR. LESTER SMITH.

DEATH OFMR ROGER JACKSON ■0

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. CAERGWRLE.

! KINNERTON.

MALPAS.

FRODSHAM.

----_---I CHRISTLETON.

MOLLINGTON.

HOLT,

MOLD.

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