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COMMERCE HOUSE, C ARMART HEN. POSTPONEMENT OF SALE. JOHN LEWIS Begs to inform his Customers and the Public in general that he has postponed his Sale until the first week in February, ow.ng to the alter itioti-, he intends making to his Establishment, which are undertaken with a view of extending and furtheiiug the various Departments, and promoting the comfort and convenience of his numerons Customers. All Goods will l-e very much reduced, in some cases considerably below cost, and Customers may rely upon securing parcels of good, clean (not soiled) Goods at mere nominal prices. SALE FIRST WEEK IN FEBRUARY. Established 1854. D. TITUS WILLIAMS, BOOKBINDER, ENGLISH WESLEYAN CHAPEL HOUSE, CARMARTHEN, Having taken over the Business lately carried on by his father (the late Thomas Williams). D. T. W' begs most respectfully to return thanks to the Public for the kind patronage hitherto accorded his father' and hopes to be favoured with a continuance of their kind support. BIBLES, MUSIC, ALBUMS, and OLD BOOKS BOUND and REPAIRED with the greatest core. SECOND-HAND BOOKS BOUGHT, SOLD, OR EXCHANGED. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES. THE LAND LOAN AND ENFRANCHISEMENT COMPANY {Incorporated by Speciul Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY to Landowners for Drainage, the Erection of Farm Buildings, Artisans' and Miners' Cottages, Trial Pits for Mines, and for the Genet-a) Improvement of Landed Property; al80 to TEN ANTS FOR LIFE, for the ERECTIO of and ADDITIONS to ESTATE MANSIONS, olABLES, and OUTBUILDINGS, and their generil sanitary improvement; t!)f amount borrowed being repaid by a terminable rent-charge. No investigation of title is uecessary. Prospectus and torms of application may be obtained at the Company's Offices. 22, Great George-street, Westminster, S.W. EDWIN GARIlOD, Secretary. MORTGAGE AND GROUND-RENT BRANCH OF THE LAND LOAN AND ENFRANCHISEMENT COMPANY. THE COMPANY'S REGISTER contains vai*iou3 sums of trust and other moneys awaiting invest ment on Mortgage and for the purchase of Ground Rents. Further particulate on applic ation. o I:) 22, Great George-street, Westminster, S.W. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. o [115 THE LEADING GARDENING PAPER. THE JOURNAL OF IIORTICULTURE COTTAGE GARDENER AND HOME FARMER. Conducted by ROBERT HOGG, LL.D.. F.L.S. Assisted by a Staff of the Best Writers on Practical Gardeniiu/, and numerous Amateur and Professional Corres- pondents eminent in the various Department* of Horticulture and other Rural Plwsuits connected with the Household. (ESTABLISHED 1848.) This wide] v-ciretilatiiig Journal consists of Thirty-two pages of Letterpress, with occasional Supplements, and is richly illustrated with Wood Engravings. The Journal of Horticulture contains full reports of the leading Metropolitan aud Provincial Horticultural Exhibition", with accurate descriptions of Nurseries aud Notable Gardens, also of New Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers. GARDENING in all its aspects is treated exhaustively by the most practical and successful Cultivators of the day. The HOME FARM.—This Department contains sound and seasonable advice on profitable Cropping, Stock Management, Manures and their Application, and the most approved modes of Dairy Farming. ° BIOES—This section contains the best systems of Management, Hives, Swarming, Supering, and General Management. A NEW VOLUME commences the First Week in JANUARY. Published Weekly, 3d. post free, 3kl.—TERMS Of SUBSCRIPTION :-One Quarter, :}s. 9d. Half Year, 7s. Ud. One Year, 15s Cheques and Money Orders to be made payable to EDWARD H. MA Y. Office: 171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. SHIPPING NOTICES. IjlEMALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS from 17 to .J:1 35 years of age obtain FREE PASSAGES BY STEAMER TO QUEENSLAND, where they are greatly in demand and receive good wages only pay- ments— £ 1 for ship kit, and fare to depot in London. ASSISTED PASSAGES are also granted to labourers whose labour is connected with the land, such as FARM LABOURERS, GARDENERS, MINERS, QUARRYMEN, &c., and to api roved females, such as DRESSMAKERS, TRAINED NURSES, &c. An experienced Surgeon and Matron accompany each steamer, and on arrival passengers are received into the Government depot, free of charge. Forms of application, rates of passage, handbooks, and all other information may be obtained on applica- tion to THE AGENT-GENERAL FOR QUEENSLAND, Westminster Chambers, 1, Victoria Street, London, S.W. All persons who pay their own passages to the Colony, should apply for LAND ORDER WAR- RANTS before embarking. Forms and particulars to be obtained from the Shipping Firms booking the passengers, or from the Agent-General for Queensland. Warrants will not be issued to persons applying after they have left England. [230 AMERICAN LINE. UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMERS LIVERPOOL TO PHILADELPHIA, EVERY WEDNESDAY. First-class, full powered Iron Steamships. Accommodation for passengers, equal to any European Line. I Passengers and goods landed at Philadelphia on the Wharf of the PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. THIS IS THE SHORTEST AND BEST ROUTE TO THE \V EST. Apply to RICHARDSON. SPENCE & CO., 8] 11) and 22, Water Street, LIVERPOOL. MONEY TO LEND. MONEY LENT PRIVATELY (without sureties) by the CHARING-CROSS BANK (Estab- lished 1870). 28, BEDFORD-ST., CHARING-CROSS, London W.C. Capital £ 300,000. Reserve Fund £ 100,000. ADVANCES IMMEDIATELY MADE Upon Approved Promissory Notes as follows, without bill of sale. Advance £ 25—12 monthly repayments of k2 5 10 50 4 11 8 ,,100 „ 9 3 4 Larger amounts in the same proportion ADVANCES of 1:30 to £ 2,000 granted at a few hours' notice in town or country, male or female, on mortgage of furniture, trade and farm stock, plant, crops &c., without removal, and to assist persons into business. Also on deeds, policies, and reversions. NOTICE.—Any one requiring money will do well before applying elsewhere, or paying fees, to think of tbi,s-Surely I call do better with a Bank having large capital at command and devoting themselves to this class of business than I can with so called private money lenders or airents with small means. Good borrowers can obtain money here on reasonable terms, quickiy, privately, and without deductions, repayable by easy instalments. Distance no object. Call per- sonally, or write. Special facilities to all requiring banking accounts. 4 per cent. interest allowed on the minimum monthly balances. Deposits of £ 10 and upwards received as under:— 5 per cent. per annum, subject to 3 months' notice of withdrawal. 6 pel cent. per annum, subject to 6 months' notice of withdrawal. 7 pel vent, per annum, subject to 12 months' notice of withdrawal. Special terms for larger amounts. Interest paid withdrawal. Special terms for larger amounts. Interest paid quarterly. Write or call for Prospectus. I U] A. WILLIAMS, Meager. A II IAN! ARIAN! ARIAN! L5 i £500. 1 )hoddir benthyg i Foneddwyr, Ffermwyr, Mas- L" nachwyr, a phob dosparth o ddeiliaid tai, ar eu sicrwydd eu hunaiu. Nid oes eisieu Bills of Sale. Mae yn liollol ildii-gel a chyfrinachol. Ad- j daliadau i gyfarfod cyfleustra benthyewyr. Am funylion pellacb, ymofyner a Sol. Barnett, 15, Dynt-vor Pitice, Swanses. [25 MONEY ADVANCED PRIVATELY AT ONE DAY'S NOTICE. lfROI £ 20 to £ 5,000, at Five per cent., to respon- 1: sible persons, male or female, in town or country, upon Promissory Notes, without Bill of Sale. Dis- tance no object, as Loans may be repaid by Cheques or Postal Orders, and so long as the interest is paid the principal can remain. All communications are strictly private, and no good application is ever refused. Apply personally or by post to the actual lender, H. RURTOX, Esq., 27, Jermyn-street, Piccadilly, London, *V. N.B.—Established 1867, since which period the money advanced by Slit. BURTON exceeds £ 4,500,000 [258 ONEY LENT PRIVATELY to Male or Female, in Town or country (distance no object). AT A FEW HOURS NOTICE on NOTE OF HAND ALONE, WITHOUT SURETIES, Publicity, or the usual OBJECTION- ABLE LOAN OFFICE OR AGENTS' ROUTINE AND DELAYS. Prompt Advances also made upon furniture, pianos, jewellery, plate, diamonds, trade and farm stock, plant, crops, farming implements, etc. (without re- moval) and TO ASSIST PERSONS INTO BUSINESS, also upon deeds, reversions, life policies, and private incomes, etc., at FIVE PER CENT. PER ANNUM. Repayments arH Inadp. mnnthlv 0"0..1.. v,„ir j ye any, or yearly, to suit the convenience of borrowers extending over any period not exceeding ten years, or as long as the interest is paid, the principal can remain. APPLICANTS IN TOWN OR COUNTRY ARE ATTENDED TO THE SAME DAY AS RECEIVED, j and intending borrowers requiring prompt and private ( cash advances for any emergency or other purposes can rely upon their matter being conducted UPON F MR AND UPRIGHT PRINCIPLES, and WITH THE STRICTEST SECRECY & DESPATCH. Before applying elsewhere, call or write in confidence for Prospectus (gratis) to the ACTUAL LENDEK Alit. W. BARCLAY, 1, Cecil-street, strand. London, w.c. (Private gentleman). P S.-No connection with Loan Offices [55 PUBLIC NOTICES. ACCI IMbXTS AT ALL TTNL ES TN ALL PLACES, INSURED AGAIN ST BY THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Established 1841). Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Capital, £ 1,000,000. Compensation Paid. £ 2,900,000. 64, Cornhill, LONDON. W. D. MASSY, j c A. V1AN, S MR C. K. WHEATLEY, I PROFESSIONAL PIANOFORTE .TUNER, j PIANOS tuned singly or by the year. Special attention given to American Organs and Har- moniums. All kinds of instruments repaired. Note the Adl)-ess 30, TERRACF, ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH. CHRISTMAS SEASON, 1890. A LARGE ASSORTMENT of FRUITS of all description now in stock at very reasonable prices. Having- purchased under very favourable circumstances, I am able to offer EXCEPTIONAL VALUES in CURRANTS from 3jd. per lb. RAISINS 3id. „ SULTANAS 9d. „ Finest Mixed ORANGE and LEMON PEEL 8d. Do. ORANGE, LEMON, and CITRON I lOd. „ T. SMITH, WHOLESALE <L- RETAIL GROCER. PROVISION MERCHANT d: CONFECTIONER, KING-STREET, CAR M A RTH EN. [365 flg HORSESHOE iB ■ CATTLE m M SPICE B IT PAYS BREEDERS And Farmers to use HORSE SHOE" CATTLE SPICE with the food they give their cattle, as it rapidly improves the condition of the animals, brings lip their weight, and increases tiieir market value. The HORSESHOE CAT- TLE SPICE is a highly feeding condiment for Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, &c. Pr,-)pi-ictors- THE BRITISH CATTLE FOODS CO. (LIMITED), LONDON. WORRIED FARMERS Who read with anxiety the state- ments of scientists that earth is losiug its fertility and jielding poorer produce year after year, are assured that the" HORSE- SHOE" CATTLE SPICE supplies the natural salts ddident in tbe herbage through loss of the Earth's fertility. Vide recent correspondence in The Times. "HORSESHOE" CATTLE SPICE AGENT :— WILLIAM JONES, CO rN, FLOUR, ALE, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT, CANTON STORES, LLANDILO. (BRANCH AT AMMANFORD). [341 50 PRIZE COMPETITIONS FOR Is. 6d. SEND postal order for Is. 6d. (or 19 stamps) for a year's subscription to the Prize Competition Record, published monthly, ar d become entitled to enter, free of charrte, 50 Prize Competitions, with cash prizes ranging from £ 100. This is a genuine offer.-Address, "The Prize Competition Association, 4, South Parade, Oakfield-road, Clifton, Bristol." [528 ESTABLISHED 1851. BIRKBECK BANK Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on minimum monthly balance when not drawn below £ 100. STOCKS, SHARES, and ANNUITIES pur- chased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposits,and allows Interest, at the rate of THREE PER CENT. per annum, on each completed £ 1. The Interest is added to the principal on the 31st March annually. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. H' OW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. OR A PLOT OF LAND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER JiONTH, with immediate possession, and no rent to pay. Apply at the Officp of the BIKKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full par- ticulars, can be obtained post free, on application to FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. [371 HOLLO WAYS ILLUSTRATED ALMANAC, JLL 1891, is now ready, and may be obtained gratis on applic ition to any Chemist, or will be forwarded by the publisher, THOMAS HOLLOWAY (Proprietor of Holloway's Pills and Ointment), 48, New Oxford Street, London, W.C., on receipt of stamp to cover postage. NEW ORIENTAL BANK CORPORATION (Limited). CAPITA L-AUT HOITISE 1) 4:2,000,000. SUBSCRIBED AND PAID-UP £ 600,000. HEAD OFFICE 40, Threadneedle-street, London, E,C. WEST END OFtelCE 25, Cockspur-street, S.W. EDINBURGH OFFICE 23, St. Andrew-square. DUNDEE OFFICE 6, Panmure-street. Branches and Agencies—Australia, India. Ceylon, China, Japan, Straits, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Aden, Paris, New York, San Francisco. c Money remitted to any part of the World by draft, letter of credit, or by telegraph. Bills of Exchange, Interest Warrants and Coupons collected and cashed. Circular Notes issued, Current Accounts opened, Banking Agency business generally undertaken. INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. At 3 months'notice. 3 per cent. per annum. At 6 months' notice. 4 At 12 months'notice. 4" For 3 or more years certain 5 T24 GALVANIZED CORRUGATED ROOFING SHEETS. BUY FROM THE MANUFACTURERS. SH El Ii]TS low as IL 2d. each. 7¿r PRICES ON APPLICATION. CORRUGATED IRON Co., WOLVERHAMPTON. LARGEST MAKERS IN THE KINGDOM. TO BE GIVEN AWAY 1 9350 in Cash Frizes again this week. All to be "paid in full," n» matter how few send. Pain has already given over *4000. CMb Prizes: £ 100. £ 80, £ 30, £ 10, £ 6. £ 8, £ 2, 20 at £ 1, and 20 at 10/- ( £ zpo)tpbe given in full" to those counting most correctly the letter *TJ in the first six Chapters of "St. Matthew." itTso WM» ordinary Bible as found in every home. Connt the letter U, large ana small together, in the verses of chapters only, and nothing else. Simply very plainly write, all on one side or a piece of paper, your name and address, and the number yon Bake in each of the six chapters, and total of all. Entrance Fee, only 8/- Postal Order, or 2/1 stamps, must be sent, with your list, also four halfpenny stamps for printed result. Should count correctly, prises will be added together and equally divided, and if no one counts correctly, prizes will be siren for the nearest correct work. CMh Prizes: £ S0, £ 20, £ 10, £ 5, £ 3, £ 2. 20 at £ 1. and 20 at 10/- Svvv:0 «TT,fiven,iu full" to those counting most correctly the letter "U fin the first five Chapters of "St. Luke." Bn- tnnce Fee, only 1/- Postal Order, or 11 stamps, also four half- p«any straips for printed result. Bules same as above, •< £ & £ 3' £ 2> 20 £ 1- 20 10s. (&50) to be thofe counting most correctly the letter Y_ four chapters of "St. John." Entrance fee Only sixpence in stamps, also four halfpenny stamps for printed result. Bules same as above. All three Competitions closepositively Friday, January 23rd. ao post your hsts on or before Thursday next. Printed Results to each Competitor certain not later than Saturday,January 31st. One person can enter either one, two, or all three Competitions, providing the stated entrance lee is sent with each list. Only one person from same address can enter the same Competition, although two or three membep of a family can each do a different task. Thus father oonld do St.^Matthew," Mother "St. Luke," an4 son or dangnter St. John," or either one could do one, two, or three «*». 110 persons from same house can do the wwf Competition. Each Competition must be written on a separate piece of paper, with fall name and address on each. Address letters iW.T. Pain. The Prizeries," 14, St, Michael's Itreet, and 89. Queen Street. Folkestone. Kent. ■ Tcleyraphic Address: GALLOWAY, CARMARTHEN. J. J. GALLOWAY, 3, QUEEN STREET, CARMARTHEN, WHOLESALE tf- RETAIL PASTRY COOK AND CONFECTIONER. "VT OTED for superior Cake, not to be equalled at the Ji-i price. Schools aud Meetings supplied with quantities to any Railway Station within 30 Miles, carriage paid. LIST OF PRICES: No. 0.—A cheap Cake 3d. per lb. 1.—School Cake 4d. 2.-A really good Cake 5d. 3.—A superior Cake 6d. 4.—Extra super 1 .1. 7d. Others at "d., 9d, 10d., and lid. per lb. TESTIMONIAL. Waunifor, Maesycrugiau, R. O. Mrs Charles Lloyd begs to think Air Galloway for the excellent way in which he executed her order, all the cakes, &c., being so fresh and good." NOTICE OF REMOVAL. I JOHN D. THOMAS I (LATE FFOSHELIG), VETERINARY SURGEON, M.R.C.V.S. LOND., TO TKOEDYBRYN HOUSE, L A M PE T E R. 1, ALL OBDEHS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. [527 TO BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS fllENDERSareiuvited for building NEW STABLES P for the Hunt Committee, near the "Travellers' Rest," Carmarthen. Plans and Specification may be seen on application to the undersigned. Sealed Tenders to be sent to Mr John Francis, Land Agent, Carmarthen, on or before Saturday, alMt inst. The lowest or any Tender will not necessarily be accepted. GEORGE MORGAN & SON, Architects. Carmarthen, Jan. 13th, 1891. [523 A C AUD. C. MORGAN, M.R.C.V.S., L., VETERINARY SURGEON, 13, King-street, Carmarthen. [5 BA-N WHISKEY. WHERE really pure and matured Irish Whiskey TT of the old-fashioned type is desired, there is no Whiskey (at a reasonable price) to approach BANN and if constant (rood Quality be borne in mind, there is no better at any price. BANN WHISKEY-one quality only-THE BEST. JAMES WILSON & SON, Ltd., Belfast. AGENTS FOR CARMARTHEN— BRIGSTOCKE & SON, 54, KING STREET. Price, Jos. per dozen, less -is. per dozen allowance for cash payment*. [533 FOR SALE. EATHERS.-Pure (no mixture of wing and tail clippings), fit for use, to be had only of the Sole Agent (for the last 23 years)—William Evans, Stag's Head, near Market, Carmarthen. [404. TO BE LET. BE LET BY TENDER a most convenient JL site_ for a Factory, with an abundant supply of water, situate close to Pencader Railway Station. For particulars apply to Mr John Francis, land agent, Carmarthen. LLANDYSSUL, CARDIGANSHIRE. f PO LET, with immediate possession, all that doub'.e- -L licensed Public-house, called 'THE BLUE BELL," situate in the main thoroughfare of Llandyssul. Apply at once to Messrs. EVANS & THOMAS, 520] Solicitors, Llandyssul. rPO BE LET on lease, a very commodious Site for -L a Factory, with an excellent supply of water from two rivers, Gran and Gwen, situated close to Pencader Station, and a most convenient place to have a siding. —For further particulars apply to Mrs Evans, Cwm- gwen Hall, Pencader, Carmarthen. [521 WANTED. WANTED, a respectable YOUTH as an Appren- tice to Outfitting and Gents' Mercery. App'v to F. Gladwin, Bridgend. [525 HOUSEMAID WANTED; a^e about 20. Able to wait at table.—Apply, with references, to Mr.s Walters, Christ Church Vicarage, Carmarthen. SALES BY AUCTION. CARMARTHENSHIRE. MR. JOHN FRANCIS is instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Ivy Bush Royal Hotel, Car- marthen, at 2 p.m., on Saturday, the 31st day of January, 1891, in lots, that very valuable Copyhold Farm called "DRENEWVDD," situate in the parish of Llaufihangel-ar-Arth, within a mile of Pellcliler Rail- way Station, containing about 36 acres of Pasture Land. Further information may be obtained ,.f the Auctioneer; W. Morgan Griffiths, Es([., solicitor; or of James John, Esq., solicitor, all of Carmarthen. CARMARi HEN. rPO BE LET or SOLD, "SPRINGFIELD," compris- X ing 2 semi-detached Villas, with a Meadow containing about 4 acres. For particulars and to treat apply to John Francis, Land Agent, Carmarthen.
SMALL HOLDINGS,
SMALL HOLDINGS, We hear much at the present time as to the benefits to be obtained by a subdivision of land. The philanthropist advocates small holdings as a means of bettering the condition of the agricultural labourer; the economist sees in small culture a means of saving the 12 millions now paid to the foreigner for eggs and Imtter the land nationalist grasps at the idea ai.d grafts it on to his own peculiar notions; while the politician, on the contrary, looks on peasant propt tutorship as a safegti,iid to the institutions of the country. There is much to he s tiel from each of these points of view. No doubt "small culture," even in England, can aud does extract a heavier return from the Jand, in the shape of stock and crops, than under a more extended system of agriculture, and is therefore a benefit to the general community. Whether this advan- tage be not gained at the expense of the cultivator by the extra labour he expends, or in other words, whether the gain be not balanced by the extra cost of production, is a matter for his consideration. That garden plots should be attached to or readily avail- able for all cottages is a matter beyond dis- pute it is when we come to small holdings that opinions differ. Lord Spencer, who is an 1 authority on such matters, is of opinion that, as a rule, the ordinary agricultural labourer cannot profitably farm two or three acres he has not the capital to supply the proverbial cow, or the leisure to attend to the business. On the other hand, the experience of the late Lord Toliemache is exactly contrary; his small farms are eagerly sought after, the rents arc punctually paid, and the occupiers are the best of workmen. A good deal rests upon tie latter point, the man as well as upon the lo- cality. To a thrifty couple, who have saved the modest capital required, & who live in a locality where the labour of women is not considered degrading, three or four acres of really good grazing land is a great benefit it enables them to rear their family in health and com- fort, and, with the establishment of butter working factories, might further tend to check the importation of foreign butter, which is now poured into our ports to the tune of some 93 thousand tons per annum. We can hardly expect that legislation can do much for us in this matter; but as with the Allotments Act, it may act as a stimulus, and as a means of overcoming the opposition of the large 1 9 farmers. We believe the average landlord to be sufficiently interested in his own property to supply these small holdings when the permanent want of them is made apparent to him. In proof that this is so, we need only point to the increased number of this class of holdings during late years. From 1885 to 1889 the number of holdings between one to five acres increased in Great Britain from 135,736 to 144,185, while the number of smaller allotments increased from 357,795 to 455,005. That an agricultural labourer can I profitably cultivate arable land we do not believe. The Reform Almanack tells us that the French peasant (who is a model type of the small farmer) only produces 17 bushels of whpat per acre, while the English farmer, with his superior implements, produces 30 bushels; if this is so, we shall not see the labourer attempting spade culture beyond the luounds of his garden. A short time ago a well known Radical theoretician visited Cardiganshire for the purpose of studying the aborigines and their habits. To a well- to-do freeholder he put the question, Do you cultivate much of your land by spade labour" ? The look of that freeholder's face was a picture Another question, Of course as a freeholder you obtain better returns from your land than the tenant farmers 1 elicited a reply anything but complimentary to the farming ability or financial position of the former class. This brings us to another phase of the subject, viz :— PEASANT PROPRIETORS. However much we may regret the dis- appearance (except in Wales) of Yeoman farmers, however much we may desire to see the conservative element of small proprietors increased, the fact remains that it does not pay to lock iij) capital in land. By all means let us encourage the acquisition of small free holdings where such a desire exists, and by reform of our land laws enable land to be readily placed iu the market; we may well trust to economic laws to do the rest. The lot of our agricultural labourer is hard, but to exchange that lot for the life of those engaged abroad in La petite culture" would be a a doubtful gain. It would open the eyes of some of our theoretical laud reformers to see how hard the foreign peasant has to work, how hard he lives, and how he has to toil to ex- tract a living from his plot of ground; not- n ZD withstanding that the prices of produce are owing to protection considerably higher than with us. The state of the French peasant has been often described, the German is no better off though he may be cultivating such fertile soil as the valley of the Moselle. Compulsory sub-division of land has given the so-called farmer small plots, often at considerable dis- tances from each other economical cultivation is impossible, time is wasted in moving from one plot to another. Much of the haulage has to be done in baskets by the proprietor himself, the only beast he possesses is a I-ad cow, which has to give milk and help in ploughing. His implements are of the rudest description, his stock impoverished and bad, no pains being taken to improve them. The soil happily is light and friable, so that the women are able to do much of the field labour. But for this they could not live. Happy the man who possesses vines, his case is better, the labour is less, and the profit greater; the owners of vineyards own agricultural land in addition, so that the casual observer may think the peasant community prosperous, but closer enquiry will show that it is the vine that brings in the wealth. The lite of the ordinary small cultivators is certainly not to be envied, and is not calculated to encourage us to any wholesale scheme for peasant proprietors.
RURAL DEANS AND DRY ROT.
RURAL DEANS AND DRY ROT. A question not infrequently asked is, What is a Rural Dean" 1 We confess it is somewhat hard to answer. It is easier to say wh^t a Rural Dean should be, or what it is not. Lately, we were told by a leading Lay- man that Rural Deans came in with the Conquest, but so many men and things have been attributed to the battle of Senlac that little information can be gathered from the telling, However, we were further informed that the career of this ecclesiastical officer has been so joined to what is vital in the working ot the tlrltlsb Church, that we perceived the office to be historically interesting. But our present object is practical, and our Dean is the Dean of to-day. In the Diocese of St. David's there are 29 Rural Deans. They hold office durante episcopi bene placito, which in effect means it is a life-tenure. The office is one capable of considerable expansion, but one of which but little use is made. We shotild like to see a stirring of the dead bones. In our large and scattered parishes the dry rot is appalling. The enforced monotony of Z!) rural life is positively degrading many of our most earnest clergymen, and that terribly re- pressive influence of the dull dignitary is fatal to awakening life. It is the isolation of our lone vicarages, the dead hand of a cold solitude that slowly kills the young priest, and quietly but effectively destroys the enthusiasm with which he began to work. That is the story that the oldest of our county clergy have to tell. It is the cause of much ly back-sliding, and very sad in result. Let us understand that it is in the power of the Rural Dean to remedy much of this. In the first, place monthly meetings should be held at a convenient centre in the Deanery, where mind shall meet mind, and interest in current, topics be kindled. That is the first step to getting rid of the dry rot. For the clergy are an intellectual class, who, as they are quick to fall into intellectual lethargy, so are quick to recover. Before these meetings a subject for discussion should be decided on, and the read- ing of papers should be invited. It is wonder. ful how corporate life developes with a little heat, and light follows friction. And it is n curious how such a social atmosphere tends to dissipate the inevitable odium theologicum. These meetings have lead to formation of choral associations, school unions, missionary societies, and tend generally to diminish the "laziness begotten of country life," which is a chronic ecclesiastical malady. Moreover, it is desirable to interest the laity in the Church's methods. This wilt be done by an active Dean. Twice a year the leading Laymen will meet the local clergy in conference, and re- ceiving fresh knowledge will possess more enthusiasm, and bring more assistance to the Parish Church. We are convinced that this is the way to rouse the dormant squires and sluggish proletariat. The Church must gain c-9 ground if her proper methods are nude use of, and with the Rural Dean rests the onus of initiative. The great lack is a lack of the moving spirit, and the chief weakness is a fear of criticism. We wish the Welsh squires would wake up, and to the clergy of Wales we say, "Be bold, be bold, and evermore be bold.
ST. PETER'S CHURCH MISSION.
ST. PETER'S CHURCH MISSION. The week's Mission announced to be held in connection with St. Peter's Church will com- mence to-morrow (Saturday) evening, with a service for the reception of the missioners, the Rev. H. Guildford Sprigg, diocesan missioner of Canterbury, and the Rev. Edward Morgan, Llanishen Vicarage, Cardiff. The lady visitors of the parish and others have for the last few weeks been most assiduous in their efforts to prepare the ground for the Mission, by house to house visitation and distribution of leaflets bearing on the Mission and its work. The last leaflet issued states in clear type. All are affectionately invited. Come as you are, and sit where you please, all seats hee." Both the missioners are men of well-known ability, and Mr Sprigg has had a wide and varied experience in conducting missions. Most successful meetings may therefore be reason- ably expected. We trust that many will avail themselves of this exceptional welcome, and may receive much spiritual comfort. How- ever, regular attendance at these services does not of itself constitute Christianity. We have already in Wales considerably too much Sunday religion, and must be careful not to have again a religious week at the expense of the remaining fifty-one weeks of the year. It must be more clearly taught aud demonstrated that Christianity does not consist so much in being a regular attendant at Church meetings .n m as in leading a righteous life between them. Greater stress should be laid on how our Saturday nights are spent than upon regular attendance in our places of worship on Sunday mornings. We do not deprecate regular attendance in our places of worship on Sunday mornings, but do not believe in it only to cheat on the first opportunity on Monday morning. Every day in our lives should be a Sunday, and every week a mission week. We must have much less of the one- day-a-week religion, or one-week-a-year religion. It is what the Church should, in our opinion, aim at, but it will be in vain until it will itself he always a Mission Church in our midst. It must itself be first found ever strenuous and determined in its efforts to reach the out- cast and fallen; always" affectionately inviting"; always crying, "Come as you are and sit where yon please always "all seats free"; always preaching the Gospel with- out money and without worth." But how many of our churches will not do this How many are through their "pew system" practically closed to the parishioners generally from one end of the year to the other. Of these there is not one more so than St. Peter's Church itself. Though an old parish church, legally free, it is practically closed to the parishioners. It can boast of the largest, richest, and most aristocratic congregation of any place of worship in town." But lame as its congregation may be, rich as it is aristocratic as it claims, and select as it insists to be, it never had sufficient liberality or Christian charity to build or endow a church of its own to indulge in its propensities. This congregation must possess itself of the parish church, drive out the poorer portion to worship where and how they will. The Church Times may write, but we fear it will be in vain to such churches as these that One thing should always be made quite clear, that the churches exist for the poor equally as for the rich and those who are in the deepest poverty should be encouraged to feel that instead of being diminished, their claim and interest in the church is increased, and that theirs may be the power of bringing far more blessing on the church than even those who can give large sums of money." Indeed, most appropriate to them we consider the Church Times remarks on another occa- sion, viz., To a very great extent many of our congregations are nothing more or less than respectable bodies of mendicants, and are content to remain so." We wish, however to make it clear that we donotattauh any blame to the vicar, the Lord Bishop of Swansea, for this state of things. It is not by his lordship's creation or making, but what he found, on his advent to our midst, too firmly rooted and established to be removed in a day. oil the contrary, the Bishop has not hesitated to speak against the ruinous pew system in no indistinct tones. We sincerely trust his lordship's hands will be strengthened by the leading members of the congregation, and that, united in their action, this much desired reform will be brought about, and the Church made, as it ought to be, a worthy example to other Churches in the Diocese.
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In our last week's report of the Pembroke Hunt Ball held at the Assembly Rooms, Pembroke, we inadvertently placed the list of those present after our report of an entertainment given the same week at Browuslade, whereas they should have been put as present at the Hunt Ball. They included the parties from Brownslade, Cresselly, Orielton, and Angle. V 'II: Lord Dynevor, who still suffers from the attack of influenza contracted last year, has been ordered to warmer climes by his medical advisers. His Lordship is about to sail for Teneriffe, where we trust his health may soon be re-established. w Whilst shooting with Mr Morgan Jones at Llanmilue, last week, Major Bate shot two bittern. # # A splendid Indian elephant is about to be sent to the Emperor of Morocco, as a present from her Majesty the Queen. The animal is accompanied by a gorgeous howdah and rich caparisons. /:> e Tha date of the Q jeen s departure from Osborne has not yet been fixed, but March 26th has been spoken of as the day on which Her Majesty intends leaving Windsor Castle for the Continent. Her Majesty will again occupy the Villa r..ltnieri, which has been placed at her disposal by Lady Crawford- It is much hoped that the health of the Queen will allow her to be present at one of the two drawing-rooms which are to be held before she goes to Florence. ■it Hi ♦ One of the older Bishops was distributing prizes a few days ago at a high school for girls, and, being fond of little ones, took one of the pupils on his knee, and was aboijt to kiss her, when the little lady said H Please, Mr Bishop, to put me down. Miss Jones is looking at us and I am sure she will not approve of such proceedinga."