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CORRESPONDENCE, j 'L13 MORALITY OF THE ANTI-TITHE AGITATION IX WALKS. Try the Editor. SIR,—Tha presence of the cavalry callei in tins week to repress anti-tithe riots in Llan- n^tydd raises .sharply once more the question ot the morality of the anti-titlib agitation that has marred for years, in the name of religion, the fair fame of law-abiding Wales. The quedtion calls, I venture to think, for the serious ani decisive consideration of the Welsh Noncoa- ( formisf Assemblies. Prolonged reticence on the part of the religious leaders of Welsh Noncon- formists, on an issue so directly affecting the moral and spiritual interests of a considerable section of their adherents, is open to grave tnis- understanding. I am unwilling to believe that there is any responsible religious leader of Welsh Nonconformists to be found who does not agree with Mr. Gladstone's opinion of the morality ot this anti-tithe move nent. Mr. Gladstone wrote a year ago, "I am unable to justify a refusal to pay tithe on the ground of its being a mode of protestation against the mode in which the tithe is appropriated. But there is an obvious danger, that the persons engaged in the anti- tithe proceedings should mis understand the I silence of their religious leaders to mean only :t faint disapproval, too faint to be publicly formulated, cr even should mistake it for au < indirect encouragement. The agitation has < already received a sort of informal religious sauctioa from the more or less prominent part taken in it in many parishes by Nonconformist ministers and deacons. It is well known that the Rev. Thomas Gea, the editor of the Fansr and chairman of the Denbighshire County Council, a veteran Calvimstic Methodist minister of wide personal influence by his position, abilities and character has vigorously promoted the agita- tion from the beginning m the columns of his widely circulated paper, and has even gone so far as to maintain in his place on the Denbigh- shire Joint Police Committee that the beating of tin pans and similar performances by a mob i3 an innocent accompaniment of the agitation. Mr. Gee this week commends the valour of Vale of Clwyd farmers and their devotion to principle because they have contrived to evade the pay- ment of tithe, and because the military are called down. I make no reflection on Mr. Gee's motives, but I take the liberty of afking whether the moral teaching of this eminent minister is endorsed or not by the synod of his denomination. The synod meets at Car- narvou next week. At present the consciences of many'"Welsh farmers aro in a state of confusion as to the moral aspect of the question. Confusion of con- science undermines morality. A number of specious arguments have been adduced, from time to time, Ly Mr. Gee and others in the Welsh press in support of the agitation. Great stress was laid at one time on the economic argument, but apparently that- has been now discarded. During the days of agricultural depression in Wales, appeals were made to the manhood of farmers to insist by combination on general in- stead ot individual reduction in tithe. Now that time3 have improved in Wales, and that tithe has simultaneously gone steadily down the appeal for general reduction, on economic grounds pure and simple. has ceased to have a shadow of justification. The economic ground was compile?y demo- lished this summer by Mr. Gee and his lieutenant Mr. Jobu Parry. Llanarmon, when they sud- j denly disc ivered that they no longer wished for a reduction of tithe nor even for a change in its incidence. Elaborate arguments were pub- lished by Mr. Gee to show that tithe ought to be left, economically, precisely as itstands now. Advanced W'ilsh Radicals now profess extreme anxiety that tithe should in no way be depre- ciated in value. On economic grounds therefore the present demind by farmers for a reduction of tithe is only intelligible a., a demand for a substantial consideration in recognition of th?ir extraordinary virtue in paying the lawful d-sbts which they voluntarily undertook, by written agreement, to pay. From this point of view tuere is a mercenary element of a peculiar sort in the present barefaced higgling phase of the agitation which makes it difficult to understand how conscience contrives to find a foothold in the business at all. A plea. for conscience has been sought in the ambiguous phrase "national property," It is interesting to note that the vernacular press has at last discovered that tithe is property and not a tax. The defence of the anti-tithe agitation from the theory that titho is national property is a singularly unfortunate one for those who use it. The argument cut3 quite the other way. Apart from the fact that, even on this theory.the present titheowners are surely entitled, by the prescriptive title ot centuries, to their property till the nation, the supposed rightful owner, } asserts its claims, it seems strange that the Welsh press having discovered that tithe is national property have not yet grasped the full significance of t'i«ir discovery. If tithe belongs to the riat;oli, it cannot, by any consistency, be made out to belong to the farmer, and yet the present agitation is an effort on the part of a farmer to pocket money which his supporters in the Welsh press tell him belongs to the nation, but which the nation, by its laws, tells him belongs for the present to the present tithe- owners Whether a farmer prefers to believe the Welttu press or the nation as to the owner- ship of thhe, he clearly, in either case, has no shred of a right t retain the money, either in part or as a whole, for his own use, and yet certain Welsh farmers are commended by a distinguished Nonconformist minister for their public spirit, their valour, and their principle for persisting in the teeth of all reason and morality in an agitation for pocketiag tithe which no one asserts is their own. The morality of the Irish Plan of Campaign was the pink'of altruism compared with the contemptible and undisguised selfishness of the anti-tithe agitation iu Wkles. It has been solemnly maintained in the Welsh press that it is perfectly moral to decline to pay tithe except under distraint- The practical value of this subtle morality can be tested by applying it to the parallel case of a debt to a tailor or a For now that tithe is admitted in Wales to be property it necessarily follows that tithe when due becomes a debt till it is paid. The procedure for recovery .has nothing to do with, the moral obligation of the debt. Air. Gee's exposition of morality calmly assumes that it is just as moral to pny a debt under compulsion as to pay it voluntarily, a curious position for the thoroughgoing advocates of the voluntary principle in religion to assume. It is indeed strange that such a transparent sophistry should have passed muster for a moment in the land of Sunday Schools. The morality of an act is obviously measured by the degree of willingness with which the obligation of duty is accepted. A hazy notion, far from well founded, that the anti-tithe agitation helps the cause of Disestab- lishment in Wales has served to dignify the movement with a spurious air of pubhc spirit. Defaulting tithepayers are glorified as martyrs to a noble cause. KA to mention that this sort of martyrdom b more than cheap, is even lucrative to the so-called martyr, it is instructive to note that tithe has been repeatedly withheld in Wale3 from lay tithe-owners, schools, colleges, and in one case at least even from a charity. In Sonth Wales a Radical layman of the most spotless principles found himself obliged to distrain for tithe. Now that tithe is realised to be property, it is hard to draw the line between repudiation of tithe and repudiation of rent. The next step in demoralization is ominously near and obvious, and the repudiation of rent has, as a matter of fact, been frequently mentioned in Wales since the commencement of the anti-tithe agitation. As a protest, on the plea of conscie against the present appropriation of tithe, the anti-tithe agitation is simply ludicrous. It is directed at times against tithe in private ownership, and so misses the point of the protest by protesting too much and by going in for a percentage of reduction to be fixed by themselves, the anti-tithe farmers ask either for too much or too little. Absolute refusal to pay tithe, as a protest, would be ral intelligible immorality, but conscience pinched only up to ten per cent. of its obligation and afterwards satisfied confesses its own confusion. After the Rhyl resolution, and the strenuous exertion of the North and South Wales Federa- tions and the warm reception and satisfactory assurance which they received from the National Libera, association, one would have expected that Mr. Gee would have advised his follows among t^e farmers to drop their protest, by agitation, tor t.:e present, lest they should p'm into the hands of the supporters of the Tithe Bill. It is a pcor compliment either jo the British De ocracy or to the case for Disesta- blishment in Wales, cr to both to think that lawless ;ess is necessary for a fair hearing in Parliament. Now that Welsh Liberationists propose to organise an autumn campaign in England, they would be well advised to set themselves to conciliate English common .sense and love of justice by strenuously discountenancing a pettifogging agitation equally repugnant to both. Mr. Gee lately explained to his readers that several years must I elapse, even after his interpretation of the reply J which he elicited from Mr. Gladstone, before ( Disestablishment for Wales can be carried and J i counsels patience. Would it not have been more prudent tactics to have economised I popular ardour and to have held over the agita- I I tion, along with the Rhyl resolution, in reserve, I [t till Disestablishment in Wales came within im- mediate politics. Tiiere was no adequate reason I for confusing the popular conscience and breed- ing all this bad blood and disorder for years, j when there ar^ so many things to be done in the meantime by all of 11s together for the good of Wales. The history of the anti-tithe agitation has un- fortunately shewn that p p,,ilitr passion, ouce ¡ poisoned by a mixture of religious prejudice iind cupidity, is apt to let itself go into dis- graceful and dangerous excesses. A frank and well-known Liberal magistrate, who is also a couutv councillor for Denbighshire, recently said that tiie scenes which he witnessed at Llannef- ydd two years ago made him ashamed of beirg a Welshman. The Welsh people have deservedly won a fair escutcheon for good feeling aud obedience to law. Whence comes it that this fair escutcheon has been tarnished by scenes witnessed at anti-tithe sales, by travesties of the sacraments and services of religion, by the silly spite shewn in burning clergy in etfigy, by hurling filth of all description and assaulting ofticers of the law in the performance of their lawful duty ? The cause is to be sought not in the character of the clergy nor in the natural disposition of the people, nor yet in the established position of the Church but in the persistent recklessness with which, for many Year-groundless aud disgraceful charges have h"cAn disseminated agninst the Church and the clergy by a section of the Welsh press and by a class of political aspirants who ought to have known better- A Baptist minister, for instance, has been allowed to publish in the Bxncr GG long articles reviling the Church with an indefatigable and venomous scurrility simply amazing in a ministerial amateur. The violent oration of Mr. Lloyd George. M.P., at. Mr. Spurgeon's Tabernacle, at the beginning of the summer, will be fresh in the memory of many of your readers. The great majority of Welsh Nonconformists, whatever views they hold on Disestablishment, entertain no feelings of bitterness againit the Church or the clergy as is shewn by their marked pre- ference for the ministrations of the clergy, at funerals .when feelings are specially sensitive. Nor do they approve of the anti-tithe agitation, though they huve committed the grave mistake of treating the agitators with silent scorn. The sdeuce has enabled a comparatively small band of self-confident and energetic men—whose motive I have no wish to impugn as I am only concerned with the character of their doctrines -to contrive by vigorous manipulation of the vernacular press to keep the agitation alive for years in certain districts. Morality and order have largely gone by default. It speaks well under the circumstances for the good sense and morality of the main body of Welsh farmers that this new-fangled morality has not already spread much further. But an agitation which, in the sacred name of religion, practically holds out a bribe for setting plain moral dictates at defiance, though at present limited in its shere of operations is obviously contagious and dangerous to the higher interest of Wales. Ten years of this agitation would undo the time for the agitation to be seriously grappled with, in its moral aspect, by all con- cerned for religion in Wales. By all means let Disestablishment be fought out on its merits in a tone and by methods worthy of the gravity of the issue. But let not the end be held to justify immoral means, nor let an attempt be tolerated -be the motives of its promoters ever so pure- to force on Disestablishment at the cost of the conscience of the Welsh people. I do not, at present, ask f-)r sympathy for suffering clergy, nor even for justice, nor do I write merely in the interest of the Church. I raise the single issue, in as pointed a manner as I can. of the influence of the anti-tithe agitation upon morality and religion in Wales, and I have reasoned this issue out from my point of view with as few personalities as possible. If I am mistaken in the view which I have taken of the morality of the anti-tithe agitation in Wales, let someone try and correct me. But if I am not mistaken, then it is the undeniable duty of the Welsh Nonconformist Synods to face, without delay, the serious consequences of the revolt of a large section of their adherents from the rudi- ments of morality, and to speak out in unmis- takable terms.—I am, yours truly, J. 07V EN. The Deanery, St. Asaph, August :Jtl1, 1500. CRICKET AT PENMAENMAWE. To the Editor. Sm,- This game is indulged in in the field ad- joining the beach tind railway station: and as the place is but a narrow one, balls are frequently thrown on to the "prom." and railway lines. Several little children have been struck by these balls during the past week, and gentlemen and ladies either walking on the prom." or sitting j on the beach have had very narrow escapes from bt>ing seriously injured. I am an admirer of the old English game of cricket, and should be the last to interfere with the privilege which has be?n granted to the players by the owner of the ground in question still, taking into considera- tion the danierous position of the field for such a recreation ar;d the consequences which may re- sult from a child being struck, I think some steps should be taken by the local authorities to prevent further accidents. Some ladies have quite a dread of going through the archway when these games afe being played, as balls delivered swiftly not unfrequeutly come into the road,—Yours truly, CRICKET. BATHING AT LLANFAIRFEOHAN. To the Editor. Sin,—I have just returned from a few weeks' visit to this charming seaside resort, Llanfair- fechan, and I was much pleased with its position, scenery, and the general accommodation for visitors. There is one great defect, however, to which I would like to call attention, and that is the bathing arrangements, which are universally condemned. In no bathing place that I know of are ladies and gentlemen compelled to bathe in the promiscuous fashion that is the custom at Llanfairfechan. No arrangements whatever is made to ajford separate accommodation to the sexes, with the result that the modesty of most people is shocked, and the very elements of decency is constantly outraged. I am informed upon good authority that many ladies have ceased to visit, and some who were there during my stay did not bathe, while there was no one to whom I spoke on the subject who did not emphatically condemn the present state of things. Ladies and gentlemen may be seen together wait- ing for an empty box during the bathing hours, when it is "first comelirst served," while the shore is lined with "all sorts smd conditions of men" watching the misery of the bathers making their way over the jagged stones or running the gauntlet of a hundred pairs of eyes after their boxes which have been dragged over the sands from the incoming tide. I have repeatedly had to wait before entering the water while ladies passed who chose to walk up and down between the boxes and the surf. I have had to wait in the water until ladies condescended to retire from the steps of bathing box, which they occupied while watching the bathers. These things are enough to shock most people's suscep- tibilities, and are quite sufficient to damage the popularity of any watering-place. A local board, I believe, exists, and I would suggest that before next year such arrangements should be made as to do away with the present system, which I am told did not exist some years ago. Before closing, I would like to say that I received great pleasure in my several visits to the Convalescent Home. It is most ably managed by the resident sister, Miss Butler, and is a model of its kind. The inmates are most thankful for any little kindness and attention shown them, and it is well worthy of the support and sympathy of the public, conferring as it does lasting benefits on those who lose their health and strength in the great manu- facturing and industrial centres of England.—I am. Sir, yours, etc., Dublin, August 11th. T. COOKE.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

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MARRIAGE OF MISS HELEN DAVIKS.