The Carmarthen Journal and South Wales Weekly Advertiser

THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION. Much has been said and written about tke Exhibition being intended to commemorate the centenary of the great revolution in France. This may be important in the eyes of politicians, but the general community, whose only object in interesting themsel vesjin these affairs is to obtain monetary advantage, have disregarded the quibbles raised by red-tapeiats. It is computed that from the time the Exhibition opened, May 6th, to the time it closes, October 31st, 13,000,000 people will have paid for admission, and all the financial arrangements have been based upon this calculation. To trace back the origin of the Paris Centennial Exhibition of 1889 to its source would be a well- nigh impossible task but if we desire to follow i s history from the date of its initiation, as it appears in the Statute Book, then we have only to turn to the report presented by the French Minister of Commerce to the President of the Republic in November, 1884. On May 14th, 1887, a decree for the authorisa- tion of a permanent French Colonial Exhibition was obtained this Exhibition forms part of the more cofcssal collection. It was an excellent idea of the administration to connect the various parts of the Exhibition by a narrow-gauge railway which runs inside the Exhibition buildings. The line proceeds from the Quai d'Orsay, opposite the Foreign Office, to the centre of the Exhibition and is thus, for pedestrians, the simplest, quickest, and cheapest means of reaching the Exhibition. Trains start from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., every ten minutes, and, after three stopping places, reach in 12 minutes the Eiffel Tower. Thus 180 trains run every day, each accommodating 400 passengers, about 70,000 in all or, reckoning the duration of the Exhibi- tion, 12,000,000 or 13,000,000. In a long series of buildings, over a third of a mile long, is a full- sized collection of human dwellings in all ages, and in all climes, extending from pre-historic times down to the northern villa. There are to be seen the Cave-dwellings of the Troglodytes, the earliest form of all human habitations. Following these are the rude rustic bowers of the pre-historic inhabitant of Central Asia then we have huts, formed of siplings, bound together at the top, and thatched with leaves smeared with mud and following these arc forms of the primi- tive tents and shelters of wandering people. Then we see specimens of almost the rudest types of shelter. Large blocks of stone vthich the natives erected for the purpose of protecting themselves against the wind and weather; they were, of course, roofless. Coming down a very long way in the series of development we see the houses of the Egyptians. Assyrians, Phoenicians, Etruscans, Persians and Hindoos, Greece and Rome, Byzantium and Russian, Lapland, North American, Mexico and Peru, China and Arabia, are all represented in this vast collection which is, to an educated mind, one of the most interesting in the entire Exhibition. Each of the habitations is furnished in accordance with the times and people it is supposed to represent; and they are inhabited, too, by people dressed in the costume, and following occupations in accordance with the manners and customs of the nations whom they typify. The whole of the series has been carried out from the designs of M. Charles Garnier. WOTALY. (To be continued).

Society ant) personal. His Excellency the Earl of Zetland was sworn in on Saturday in Dublin Castle as Lord Lieutenant and General Governor of Ireland in place of the Marquis of Londonderry. :11= Sir J. Bernard Burke, C.B., Ulster King of Arms, was present, wearing the collar and badge and bearing the sceptre of his mystic sovereignty. Two of their excellencies the Lords Justices,— namely, his Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, K.C.B., commander of the forces in Ireland, and Lord Ashbourne, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, were in waiting in the presence chamber along with members of the privy Council and officers of State, to receive the new Lord Lieutenant and install him with all the customary formalities. The Lords Justices took their seats at the head of the table and remained covered while the Earl of Zetland stood, his head uncovered, on the right. His lordship delivered to their excel- lencies her Majesty's Letters Patent appointing him Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. »*# The oath of allegiance and the official oath was then administered by the clerk of the Council (Sir W. B. Kaye, C.B.,) The new Viceroy then produced her Majesty's letter authorizing and commanding the Lords Justices to deliver to him the Sword of State. The letter having been read, the Lords Justices delivered the Sword of State to the Earl, who was invested with the collar and insignia of the most illustrious Order of St. Patrick as Grand Master. His Excellency took his seat at the head of the table, with his head covered, as Lord Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland, while Prince Edward, Lord Ashbourne, and the other members of the Privy Council uncovered their heads at the same time. A signal was given from the Castle yard, and the ordnance in tne Phoenix Park fired a salute of 15 guns. :11= II« We hear Mr Logan Stewart has exchanged in- to the 7th Hussars. We wish the gallant young officer a brilliant career. V Captain T. P. Lewes' harriers met at Bronwydd on Saturday last, but the weather was much against a good day's sport. • # # Major and Mrs Bate, and family, have left Gellidywyll for some time, and gone to Tenby. Mr Rich, who has been very busy, with measurements, etc., for the railway from Llandyssil to Newcastle Emlyn, goes to Padding- ton on Saturday, when we hope he will make final arrangements to begin the line as soon as possible. =I« Captain T. Bowen, 3rd Brigade Welsh Division, who has been laid up ever since last training, went to town this week to see his occulist, and we hope he may return quite well again. *#* Miss Webley-Parry, of Noyadd-Trefawr, pre- sented Llandugwydd Church, on Sunday, September 28th, with a magnificent altar cloth, as a grateful offering, on her attaining her majority. The altar cloth is of white damask silk, with embroidered superfrontal, centre and side panels, the orphreys being in green brocaded velvet. 0 On Sunday last, a horse belonging to Captain. Stewart, of Alltyrodyn, being at exercise, became unmanageable, threw its rider, and, running away, dashed its head against a wall, falling dead on the spot. A grand bazaar is to be held at St. Dogmells, on the 7th and 8th of November, to help to clear off a large debt on the National school, which has been owing for nearly eleven years. V A young lady in this neighbourhood has acquired a peculiar liking for paper, and not long since, she was known to eat the inside of two large scrap books, and wonderful to relate, was none the worse for it. What an advertisemen she would make for Beecham's Pills "I The Bishop of Chester has addressed a letter to the secretary of St. Oswald's FootbaU Club, Chester, enclosing a subscription towards the funds, and in accepting an invitation to become a patron of the club he says I feel sure that I may rely upon the policy of the club being in accordance with those principles of honourable and gentlemanly conduct which can alone keep any of our national sports in a sound and wholesome condition. I venture to hope that those who conduct the affairs of the club will make a firm stand against the con- taminating influences of gambling and professionalism." I' One of Mrs Mackay's sapphires, American visitors to her houses in London and Paris think, surpasses in beauty any other in the world. It is absolutely flawless, and is all of four-tenths of an inch in diameter. She bought it from a Russian Prince for 137,000.. She owns also the most splendid emerald known to exist, and paid a fabulous price for it. Among the bagatelles of her jewel-box are a set of corals comprising a crown a brooch, bracelet, and so on, all of the most exquisite rose pink in hue. She has also a pair of diamond solitaires so mognificent that they are valued at more than 280,000. One of them was bought for her at the sate of the effects of the Duke of Brunswick. Mr Frederick D. Harford, secretary to the Embassy at St. Petersburg, has returned to Falcondale on a month's leave. Mr Harford has a great facility for acq uiring foreign languages; after being a year in the country he was able to translate a voluminous Russian report of the Agricultural Department, a valuable work for which he received the thanks of the Ambassador. V • If it is not even a new departure, the Exhibition of" Loan" works of Art, which took place at Llandilo, is at least an excellent move; and we wish the art committee, under the untiring efforts of its secretary, Dr. Lloyd, and of Mr Stepney-Gulston, who acted as adjudicator, every success in the future as prognosticated by the "great triumph" achieved by this first and tentative exhibition. We observed that an admirable work by the Master" of all the Carmarthenshire Art Schools, Mr W Jones, namely, a study in oils of still life, grapes and apples, was actually sold before the paint itself was dry. We shall look forward to our "Bronze medalist" soon becoming, like Brigstocke his predecessor, a gold medalist.

TO OUR READERS. Before our next issue will appear we hope to facilitate matters at the office of this paper by having a new OTTO GAS ENGINE fitted up to turn our printing machine, which hitherto has been done by hand-power. We would respectfully draw the attention of the public to this announce- ment, as henceforth we shall be able to execute every description of printing at a. cheaper rate and with greater despatch than hifchertcji>\ .jthp ITka- following facts may not be. generally known con- cerning THE JOURNAL :—l. It is the oldest established but one in the Principality; 2. It contains a Welsh sheet, which greatly promotes its circulation, and takes in advertisements in English and Welsh; 3. It has a circulation of over two thousand copies weekly 4. It circu- lates among the nobility, gentry, clergy, farmers, tradesmen, and the labouring classes generally in- the whole of South Wales, and is admitted to be one of the most desirable commercial and family newspapers, at the very low price of Id.—For terms apply to the MANAGER.

local 31itelligeiice. WE understand that the Bishop of St. David's holds his usual trienial visitation this year at the following places and dates :—Haverfordwest, Tuesday, October, 15th, Carmarthen, Wednesday, October 16th, Lampeter, Friday, October 18th, Brecon, Wednesday, October 30th. PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE, CARMARTHEN. The students admitted at Midsummer and the class immediately above them were last week examined in Classics, Mathematics, and Hebrew, in accord- ance with a regulation of the Presbyterian Board. Prizes, amounting in the, aggregate to P,20, are offered at these examinations, with a view to encouraging study among the junior students during the long vacation: The follow- is the order of merit Second Year—1, T. Lloyd Jones 2, T. Parry Evans; 3, T. Watcyn Jones; 4, James Williams 5, Henry J. Phillips; 6, Benjamin Evans J. D. Jones, absent (ill).. First Year—1, Thomas James 2, John Davies and James Davies 4, Benjamin James; 5, Joseph Walters and 6, Walter G. Jenkins 7, Enoch E Jenkins'; 8, Dewi L. Evans.. ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE. -The following appointments have recently been made in the Diocese of St. David's :— Rev. D. Saunders Jones, M.A., late curate of St. John and St Mary, Brecon, to the rectory of Llanfrynach, Breconshire—patron, C. H. de Winton, Esq., Buckingham Place, Brecon. Rev. D. W. Jenkins, B.A., late curate of Holy Trinity, Aberystwyth, to the Vicarage of St. Mary, Pembroke — patron, Col. Saurin, Orielton, Pembrokeshire. Rev John Thomas, B A., late curate of Llanilar, with Rhosdie, Cardiganshire, to the Curacy of Llanguicke, Glani. Rev. W. Jones, B.A., late curate of Pontlottyn, Diocese of Llandaff, to the Curacy of Llangendeirne, Carmarthenshire. Rev. W. Alban Lloyd, late curate of Rhymney, Diocese of Llandaff, to the Curacy of Llandilofawr and Llandefeisant, Car- marthenshire. THE CARMARTHEN DEBATING SOCIETY. Last week we drew the attention of our readers to the present state of things with regard to the above institution. This week we beg to emphasise the necessity of co-operation and esprit de corps on the part of its members. As Mr John, the in- defatigable hon sec., states in his letter which appears in another column, the society is in danger of collapsing simply owing to the key- coldness of its own members. The chief difficulty, it would seem, the committee have to cope with is that of getting members to read papers. Surely, there should be no difficulty experienced on that score. Could not some of the gentlefolk of Carmar-. then and its neighbourhood, who have plenty of time at their command, come forward and lend a helping hand 1 Then, where are the professional men, and men of business, of whom Carmarthen has reasons to feel so próa-cannot. they be in- duced to take a turn, and set the ball of the dis- cussion rolling ? It should be remembered that the length of the paper rests entirely with the reader himself. It may not, necessarily, be a long one. We have sedn some of the most in- teresting and edifying discussions hinged upon remarkably short papers. Discussion depends more upon the nature of the subject than its treatment, be that treatment long or short. We earnestly hope both for the sake of the credit of the old town of Carmarthen, and the worthy society itself, that its life and vigour will be re- nowed during the coming season. We should. like to know whether there is anything in the rules of the institution forbidding the presence of ladies at debates, and their taking part in discussions. It strikes us that they would prove capital help-meets at the present juncture.

LAUGHARNE ECHOES. (BY ABERCORRAN). Laugharne, Wednesday. DEATH OF MISS BARROLL. It is with uufeigned regret that I have to announce the death of Miss Barroll, which occurred at her residence, Moire House, on Saturday last. The deceased: lady, was an old resident in the town, and her loss will be much felt by the poor especially, for few who applied to her for help were refused, or came away empty- handed. Her good deeds were frequent and numerous, and she now reaps her reward. The interment will take place to-day (Friday) in the churchyard of St. Martin's Parish Church. The funeral arrangements are in the hands ofj Mr T. David, The Pynes, Laugharne. 0 THE PORTREEVE'S BREAKFAST. On Sunday morning last, according to an ancient custom, the Portreeve-elect (Mr Thomas Richards, Grove House, Laugharne), gave a breakfast to the jurymen and aldermen of the Corporation of Laugharne. After partaking of an excellent breakfast, the company attended Divine Service at St. Martin's Parish Church, the sermon having been preached by the Rev. J. M. Jones, Assistant Curate. THE PAVEMENTS. I have, on more than one occasion, drawn attention to certain spots where the pavement has fallen into a wretchedly dilapidated con- dition. I have lately been instituting enquiries, and 1 find that the pavement from the Mariner's Corner to the Building Flags, was originally put down at the expense of the Corporation of Laugharne. We are much indebted to the Cor- poration for the really excellent lighting of our streets, and in many other ways, but we should feel still further indebted to them if they would kindly give this matter their serious attention. They will, by so doing, confer a boon upon the public in general and yours truly in particular.

COAGULINE.-Cement for Broken Articles, 6d & Is; postage, 2d. Sold everywhere, home and abroad.

CARMARTHEN TOWN COUNCIL. PROPOSED NEW MAGISTRATES. A special meeting of the Carmarthen Town Council was held on Thursday (yesterday). —The mayor (Mr Howell Howells) pre^idin, and there being present :—Aldermen J. Rowlands and J. Morris; Councillors W. Jones, E. P. Davies, D. Griffiths, H. Cadle, D. R. Morgan. G. T. Norton, D. P. Rees, W. V. George, J. Davies, J. Lewis, W. R. Edwards, and R. W. Richards The Town Clerk (Mr R. M. Thomas) read a letter from the Lord Chancellor, which he said was dated from the Home of Lords September 30th, although he did not receive it till October 3rd, in which his lordship said that the names of the following gentlemen had been submitted to him as those of fit and proper persons to be added to the Coiuisssion of the Peace for the borough of Carmarthen, and he proposed to add them to the Commission, subject to anv observa- tions of the Town Conncil which might, in his opinion, require consideration." The names were :—Thomas Thomas, T. E. Brigstocke, Howell H-owells, and D. H. Thomas.—Mr J. Lewis said he had no objection to those four gentlemen personally, but he was going to pro- pose the addition of two gentlemen who had done a a great deal for Carmarthen, he meant Mr T. Mostyn, Davies, and Mr E. A. Rogers. Several other gentlemen are proposed and there was a good deal of discussion. Eventually the names of Messrs T. E. Brigstocke and T. Thomas were approved of, by 4 or 5 votes against 3, and the whole four by 6 votes to 4. Then the following names were agreed to, suscessively, to be added to the list T. M. Davies, T. Jenkins, G. Thomas, Edward Rogers, R. W. Richards, T. Jones (Parade), and James Phillips. It {was decided to put Mr George Thomas's name'.Jfirst on the recommended list. REPORT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE. The report of this committee recommended that a1 water rajtebe nut obtained for the town that there o^^re-arrangement of the public lights in W^Ilfiela-road; and that certain paving be carried out in the slaughter-house.—The report was adopted.—Mr D. R. Morgan gave notice that he would re-introduce the water meter question and moved that one be obtained at the next 'meeting of the council. He wanted the question considered by the whole council THE EXCHANGE: ,OF LAND. The seal of the corporation was affixed to the conveyance to the Great Western Railway of a piece of ground under the Parade which the corporation is changing for a piece of ground for the widening of East Parade.

THE MAGAZINES. Ihe Comhill Magazine for this month is full of interesting and amusing matter. Besides the two serial tales, there are two short ones. A bright little story, called "Lady Betsy's Indiscretion," and an amusing take off of the heroes and heroines of fiction, entitled The Hundred Gates." The County" is con- cluded in this part in a manner satisfactory to the heroine and her readers. Albeit, the happy conclusion comes about by the not un- common intervention of a railway accident. ,Weeds is a good paper on these ubiquitous specimens of what the writer defines as herbs or plants which grow where the agriculturalist 9 or the gardener does not want them," just as dirt has been defined as only matter in the .wrong place." In "Mostly Fools" we have I? a review of the principal Court jesters and private fools of past times. It may not be known to the reader that so late as 1734 Lord Chancellor Talbot had a fool named Rees Pengelding; and that jesters acted profes- sionally at the Prussian Court in 1776. Another article which we would commend to the reader's attention, as curiously illus- trating other ways than ours, is that on "A Court day in Fiji." Ylte Sun, which this month begins a new volume of a new series, is for- tunate in containing a story from the able pen of George MacDonald, which aboupds wi$h noticeable sayings. How to SuciMbd &s an Author" contains useful and practical hints for any aspirant to literary fame. Mr Chudleigh provides two short "bits" worth reading, on "Fool's Parsley," and Striking a Light;" and the first paper on Great men in Deshabille," promises an interesting series. We should also mention A Chat about Salt," and Studies from the Romance of History," the selected study being that Lady Mackintosh, of Moy, who took the field on behalf of Prince Charles Edward. We have also received parts 44 and 45 of Cassell's Illustrated Shakespeare. For print- ing, finish, and completeness, this is a wonder- ful bargain for 8id. the part.—The same firm send us parts 31 and 32 of their Illustrated Book of Poultry, each part containing a good sixpenny-worth in information to the poultry raisei-, apart from the beautifully got up, coloured lithographs of different species which adorn each number. The Bible Society Monthly Reporter has much of interest to those who rejoice in the spread of the Gospel, and believe in the power of Scripture to regenerate mankind.

LLANYBYTHER. A most determined case of suicide has occurred at Llanwnen, near Llanybyther, the victim being Benjamin Davies, The Shop, Llanwen, 23 years of age. Late on Thursday night he was missed from the house, and as soon as his absence became known, a search party, consisting of the neigh- bours was organised. These scoured the neigh- bourhood in all-directions. It was not, however, until Sunday morning that they were successful in their quest. They then found him hanging to a tree in a wood not far from his residence, and within twenty yards of the road. A letter was found in his pocket announcing his intention to destroy himself. Much sympathy is expressed for his relatives. NEW QUAY. EARLY on the morning of Wednesday, October 9th, the vessel used as a yacht by the Wexford Harbour Commissioners, was washed on shore between Llanina and Traethgwyn, and became a total wreck. No particulars are yet to hand as to whether she was driven from her moorings during Monday's gale, or whether her crew have bee&'Tosfc; • LAMPETER. Mr Robert Williams, B.A., of Mertou College, Oxford, has been appointed to the Professorship of Welsh at St. David's College Lampeter, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. O. Evans, M.A., Warden of Llandovery. Mr Willioms is a dis- tinguished student of St. David's College, where he was placed in the Frst Clastin History in 1885. He obtained a Historical Exhibition at Merton in the same year, and took a First Class in the History School in 1888. He was also elected to the Phillpott's Exhibition offered for competition by the Dean and chapter of Exeter to graduates of the Universities studying Theology and his acquirements in Welsh are highly spoken of by Mr Gwenogfryn Evans, and other high authorities. 0 BOARD OF GUADIANS.—A meeting of the Board of Guardians was held at the Board Room on Friday last. Out-relief: Lampeter District, 232 4 9d to 159 paupers Llanybyther District, JB32 9s to 146 paupers. Number in the house, 25,; corresponding week last year, 22. Vagrants relieved during the past fortnight, 25 corres- ponding- week last year, 12. Balance in the treasurer's hands, A:680 13s 2.—It was resolved that Mr E. H. Griffiths, of Dulais House, Lam- peter, be appointed medical officer and public vaccinator for this district, at the same salary and scale of remuneration as have been hitherto paid to his predecessor, subject to the approval of the Local Government Board.—A certificate from the Local Government Board, dated 20th ult., was read fixing the proportions in which payments are to be made during the year ending March last in cases where the Union is situatec. I in more than one county viz., Carmarthenshire, 11585 Cardiganshire 18082.

The Editor does not hold himself responsible for opinions expressed under this heading. All contribu- tions must be verified by the real name and address of the writer as a guarantee of good faith.

"THE NOOTUKNAL SKY." To the Editor of TiiF, JOURNAL. Sip.The object seen by, and which so in- terested your correspondent F. W.C." and con- cerning which, in THE JOURNAL for the 20th ult., he desired information, was a meteor. The most common form of meteor is the ordinary falling star," one or more of which may be seen every night. Another form is the "Fire Ball," and this was what your correspondent saw. Other and rarer meteors, from their shape, have been designated "Fiery Serpents;" while others, from the sound accompanying them, are called "detonating meteors." In 1859 a meteor of this kind passed over New Jersey it was visible in the daytime, and was followed by terrific explosions, like the roar of a thousand cannons. Though these bodies must have been seen since man in the dim and distant past made his first attempt at celestial observation, it was only within comparatively recent times that anything of importance was known of their nature. Occasionally, meteors fall in showers, present- ing a magnificent appearance in the heavens, radiating from some one point in the sky as from the constellation Leo in the November shower. The meteoric systems are probably innumerable, and our earth encounters at least 100 of them. The meteors are collected into groups, each group revolving in elliptic orbits round the sun the orbit being very long and eccentric, with aphelion, i.e., furthest point from the sun beyond Uranus, and pirihelion, i.e., nearest point to the sun nearer than the earth. When the orbit of any one of these systems crosses that of the earth some of the meteors enter our atmosphere, travel- ling at the rate of 30 miles a second, and from the intense heat generated by atmospheric friction they become visible. In the November system the meteors are in one part of the orbit clustered together, and this thick part is reckoned to be 100,000 miles wide, and 1C00 million miles long. Now, as this system makes a complete revolution round the sun in about 33 years, and as in each such period the orbit of this thick part and that of the earth must cross, it follows that at that time we should have a brilliant, ah ntrprnf nipfanra This is the case, and once every 33 years the shower is at its maximum. It is estimated that sufficient friction exists at a height of about 70 or 80 miles to render meteors visible. The height at which they disappear by combustion must depend on their size the average length of their visible paths is about 40 miles. If large they reach the earth before complete vaporization takes place, and they are then called aerolites, being composed chiefly of iron, associated. with other known elements. The average weight of a meteor is only about a grain. Aerolites are occasionally very large. Thus it is on record that in Hungary, on the 9th of June, 1866, a luminous meteor was seen, and an aerolite weighing six hundredweight, and nearly 1,000 lesser stones, fell on an area measuring 10 miles in length, and 4 miles wide the fall was followed by a loud explosion, and a smoky streak was visible in the sky for nearly half an hour. These larger aerolites as a rule fall in the day time, and hence the late Mr Proctor conjectured that they come direct from the sun. The old theory about meteors was that they were ejected from lunar volcanoes but that opinion is untenable, for we have every reason to believe that all the volcanoes on our satellite have long since been extinct, and even were they in action it is very problematical if they could eject stones far enough to be out of reach of the moon's attraction. The maintenance of the sun's heat has been by some ascribed to immense showers of meteors falling into, and again ejected by the sun. It has also beeu suggested that the large planets maintain their heat and enlarge themselves in the same way, and that the planets themselves were primarily formed by aggregation of meteors. Modern astronomical opinion tends to identify meteors with comets, the solar corona, and the zodiacal light. The earth will encounter a meteoric system from -October 17th to the 20th, and then your corres- pondent may have the opportunity of witnessing a meteor shower and another and finer one about November 14th. I am, sir, Yours very truly, E. R. WILLIAMS, M.R.C.S., Eng., &c. Gellingham House, Carmarthen, Sept. 21st, 1889. Another correspondent writes Sip.Lookinc, over one of your recent issues I was struck by "F.W.C.'s" account of a strange appearance which he saw in the sky at Llanstephan. Are we to understand that the luminous object was visible in or near the same spot in the heavens for 40 minutes, because if so the phenomenon is worth reporting to scientific headquarters. I trust there may be corroborative evidence forth- coming. Yours, &c., ARTHUR MEE, F.R.A.S. Editor, Carmarthenshire Notes," Llanelly.

LLANDILO SCHOOL OF ART AND LOAN EXHIBITION. To the Editor of THE JOURNAL. Siit,-The appearance in your JOURNAL last week of the very interesting report on the above subject will, I trust, be taken as my excuse for sending you a few remarks relating to the great good and widespread effect of such Art Exhibitions, more particularly in Wales, for have not the Welsh from time immemorial shown that beneath the surface of the uncultivated mountain- eer, there is to be found the true gold of Art in Valiant little Wales"? tested as it is in these days by the light of Eisteddfods, of Congresses, of Musical and Art Societies rising anew, I am glad to observe, almost daily in every direction. We have Bills for the advancement of Education in sundry directions pressed through the House of Commons, especially,in favour of Wales, we have all that preaching and meeting will do, to insist on the blots in our social systems being eradicated by more Acts of Parliament. More Acts, more outcry, butfto what does all this tend ? Is it not clear that evil can only be overcome by good,- evil doings must be met by good doings, and it is evident that Deeds not words are the only means by which to effect, any real and lasting improvement in our social conditions. And here we come to the crux of the matter—to improve our social conditions. To do this we must strive to raise the every-day life, little by little perhaps, still to lift the sordid minded, to beautify even by a little the daily existence of the many. This is the end to be aimed at, through all this ado, and this aim I assert, this goal, in fact, if reacked, will, Sir, moat assuredly be largely advanced by means of such humanizing agencies as Exhibitions of Works of Art, associated with competitions in connection with Art studies such as on the occasion to which you have referred to as having taken place at Llandilo on the 26th and 27th of September last. The demand made upon the fortunate possessors of Works of Art seems to have been responded to without a single refusal, the inherent generosity of the County of Carmarthen being thus put to the test. The general enthusiasm with regard to the Exhibition may be measured by the fact that over two hundred and forty Art works by students and others were hung on the walls of the Hall, and moreover that in spite of a charge having been made at the doors, and notwith- standing the fact that an opposition show," so to speak, was actually taking place in Llandilo at the same time, namely, the Agricultural Show, no less than five hundred and sixty persons visited the Exhibition and of these a very large pro- portion were working men and their families. I can but fervently hope that those, whose energy contributed so largely in bringing the Exhibition about this year, will see their way to continue their exertions, and of making the Exhibition of next year as great and unqualified a success. I remain, etc., TEWDWK.

CARMARTHEN DEBATING SOCIETY. To the Editor of THE JOURNAL. Siit,-Will you allow me a short space in your paper to bring before your readers the present position of matters in connection with this Society. At the annual general meeting held on Friday evening last the following resolution was unanimously passed, viz.—"That the Committee be authorized to decide whether a series of debates be held this winter or not, but that they be dirocted to hold no session unless they are able to make arrangements before hand for the first six debates." This resolution was passed on the motion of one who has taken a warm interest in the welfare of the Society from its foundation, and who was an active member of last year's committee, and I am, I think, correct in saying that the reason which prompted his resolution was the great difficulty that has been experienced since the formation of the Society, and more especially during the past Session, in getting members to introduce subjects for debate, and the subjects having been obtained, the half- hearted manner in which the great majority of the members entered into the fray. This will be readily seen when the fast is remembered that during the past session 35 only, out of a member- ship of 266 took part in the debates. Indeed, it may without exaggeration be said that had it not been for some ten or a dozen members—mainly members of the Committee—the debates would on several occasions have collapsed. At a Committee meeting held last Monday evening, the following resolution was passed:- That this meeting stand adjourned for the purpose of enabling enquiries to be made as to the possibility of holding successful series of debates this winter." Whether the Society is to continue this winter or not, rests now entirely with the general body of members. If within the next fortnight I receive definite promises to introduce six suitable subjects for debate then the Session will be held, but if on the other hand such promises are not forthcoming then no Session will be held, but if, on the other hand, such promises are not forthcoming, then no Session will be held. 0 Let me, in conclusion, appeal to all who have the welfare of the Society at heart to come forward at once and send in their names and those of the subjects they are willing to introduce. Yours faithfully, JAMES JOHN, Hon. Sec., pro tem. 5, Queen-street, Carmarthen. 9th October, 1889.

LAMPETER SHOW. To the Editor of THE JOURNAL. SIR,—I am old enough to remember this show becoming extinct twice, and somewhat like the Phoenix rising with renewed strength from its own ashes. I agree with your report that this year's show on the whole is a great success, not only in the number and quality of the exhibits, but also the very practical nature of the post- prandial speeches. But owing to the plan of giving honorary prizes, and the remarks of some of the judges, some explanation would not be out of place. In your report the honorary prizes are placed after the money prizes, whereas in most instances they are attached to animals of greater merit with the judges than those that are put down for money prizes. As Lampeter is an important centre for the breeding of horses, it will be difficult for some people to understand that no brood mares in the agricultural class had sufficient merit to deserve a prize. This may be accounted for in several ways, viz., that the land in the district is not too heavy to be worked by what is called the cob," which is far more paying than a light agricultural horse besides, the farms are very small, that it is of the utmost consideration to economize food, &c. Some maintain that the old Cardiganshire cob has been deteriorated by the use of the stallion called Comet," and that the original breed is as extinct as the dodo, but I am inclined to think that most of the deterioration has been brought about by the bad times, when the farmers were tempted to use the cheapest sires, and in some instances to part with their best brood mares, in order to meet payments. Whatever have been the causes, it is full time that this agricultural committee take to heart Col. Evans' suggestion to form a Farmers' Club to discuss this and many other important matters. It was very wise of the committee to invite some of the judges from North Wales, for the native breeds are better developed there, simply because the gentry take the matter in hand. It would have been well for the gentry that took so many prizes at this show with imported breeds to devote as much care on the native breeds, which possess, as Mr Evans, of Maesmynach, and others showed, all the qualities which command the highest prices in the best markets. D. P. DAVIES, F.S.L Lampeter, Oct. 7th, 1889.

LLANBADARN-FAWR. HARVEST THANKSGIVING SERVICES.—The annual harvest thanksgiving services were held in the Parish Church Llanbadarn-Fawr, on Tuesday and Wednesday last. The following Rev. gentle- men delivered eloquent sermons E. T. Davies, vicar of Aberdovey, James Jones rector of Clydey, and William Morgan, Curate of Talybont. The services were fully choral and were, as usual, attended by very large Congregations. LLANGUNNOR. HARVEST HOME SERVICES were held at the above Church on Tuesday last. Morning service commenced at 10.30, when sermons were preached by the Rev -IRees (St. David's, Carmarthen), in English, and Rev J. Lloyd (Llanpumpsaint), in Welsh. In the afternoon the Litany was read by the Rev Nathaniel Thomas (Llanddarog), an English sermon preached by the J. W. Jones, curate of Holy Trinity, Swansea; and a Welsh sermon by the Rev-Hughes, vicar of Gorslas. Evensong was held at 6-30, when the service was read by the Rev T. Jones, rector of Merthyr and Welsh sermons preached by the Rev J. Davies, curate of Capel-y-Groes, Abergwili, and the Rev Nathaniel Thomas. There was a very large attendance at all the services. The Church was very prettily decorated by members of the congregation. The singing, too was particularly good, the anthem taken from Psalm cxiv. being admirably rendered under the leadership of Mr J. Edwards, Green Cottage. The clergy and other friends were entertained at the Vicarage, Brynderwen, Danyrallt, Tyllwyd-mawr, Plas Bonville, and other places. Collections were made in aid of the National School of the parish and Church expen&es and amounted to 24 12s Id.

BIRTHS. DAVIEs.-On the 4th inst, at 4, Tanerdy-lane, in this town, the wife of Mr Thomas Davies of a son. TYLER.—On the 5th inst, at No. 6, The Postern, Brecon, the wife of Mr A. H. Tyler (formerly of Carmarthen) of a son. MARRIAGES. GILBERT-CRA WFORD. —October 3rd (by license), at Llanstadwell Church, Neyland, Pem., by the Rev. Lacy Henry Rumsey, vicar, Mr W. E. Gilbert (formerly of this town), to Marion, eldest daughter of Mrs Crawford, of the Picton Hotel, Neyland, Pembrokeshire. JA-%IES JBqKiNs. -On the 8th inst., at St. Margaret's, Westminster, by the Rev J. Trout- beck, D. D., Canon of Westminster, Christopher William, eldest son of Christopher James, C.E., Clifboro, to Margaretta, second daughter of the late James Jenkins, Glansawdde, Llangadock, Carmarthenshire. OWEN—LEWLS.—On the 10th inst, at St. Peter's Church, in this town (by license), by the Rev J. Lloyd, M.A., vicar, assisted by the Rev T. B. Williams, B.A., senior curate, Thomas Owen, assistant overseer and collector, of this town (son of J. W. Owen, of the National School, Llangunnor), to Mary Anna (Polly), youngest daughter of the late John Lewis, decorator, Red-street. DEATH. WOOZLEY. -October 7th, at Cambrian-place, Car- marthen, Sophia, the beloved wife of William Woozley, aged 65 years. Deeply regretted by a. large circle of relatives and friends.

WHEN Mr Matthew Arnold charges the Celt with 11 ineffectualness," he says, "Balance, measure, patience, these are the external con- ditions, even supposing the happiest tempera- ment to start with, of high success; and balance, measure, and patience are just what the Celt has never bad." Esau, the unsuccess- ful, in fact, would appear to pre-figure the Celt against the virtues of Jacob-virtues not very taking at the outset of his career, how- ever well the character developed later. Balance and measure went decidedly to the wall, it must be confessed, when that luckless mess of appetising, never-to-be-forgotten pottage was allowed to outweigh a birthright, while patience was never in it from first to last. Headlong in pursuit of the moment's desire, poor Esau lacked the staying power that holds the secret of success, and for all his passionate regret, his generous forgiveness could not be trusted to perpetuate the race that was to govern the destinies of the world. Balance, measure, and patience, went forth to conquer with Jacob, but let the Celt make a note on't," that this is the story of twin brothers, and that self-discipline, far more than difference of disposition, determined the course of their destinies. Another great friend of the Celt defines him as "sentimental—always ready to re-act against the despotism of fact;" and Mr Arnold, while begging the question as to whether his nature is the main root out of which romance and the glorification of a feminine ideal spring," admits that there is a Celtic air about the extravagance of chivalry." But the straining human nature farther than it will stand is a noble fault, and one into which the creeping Saxon is very slow to fall. It is the world well lost, the near, more material good postponed to a far gain," foot- r5 hold often perilled and worse on the high- way, but wings given by which, cleaving earth's miasmata, one may win to the glory of the stars. The Celt is one of the most pathetic, most beautiful failures on which the sun has ever set; but why should he remain a failure ? Why should that warm, fine nature, that has leavened the nations to such good purpose, die out? "Character is fortune," and the Celt perishes because he will not govern his bit, lets it ride him to his doom. Instead of singing, "Mavourneen, Mavourneen, oh, why did you die ?" one longs to stay the suicidal tendencies of the Celt, above all, the Celt of our Principality, by trenchant measures. Let him strain his poetic vision till he sees that beauty land wisdom are one- the Wisdom of Proverbs—the Wisdom that is God-and then let him in that wisdom address himself to self-discipline as he has never done before. He need not cease to be himself, but he can strengthen his weak points enough to change into Jacob's blessing Esau's bitter cry. And here his preceptor, Mr Arnold, supplies him with valuable hints as to what to avoid as well as seek. Let him, from the Germanic armoury, filch steadiness; but as be loves his high prestige for charm and genius," let him—oh! let him fly their humdrum and commonplace as if the Old Man of the Mountain" were at his heels; let him seize the Norman's strenuousness, and clear rapidity, and rhetoric, till, by desperate application, they bring under his tendency to vagueness, and win for him the Norman's talent for affairs; but let him trample under feet, for the foul fiends that they are, his abominable arrogance and hardness. Let him, in short, but face the defects of his virtues, and bring them under control, and the Welsh- man at home and abroad shall cease to be ineffectual" to the extent he is now. His love of the beautiful, his genius, his spirituality shall not be lost to the world; but help to rule it as dominant powers, and with a fulness and harmony all the more assured for being wedded to the sterner attributes of steadfast- ness and force.