Flintshire Observer Mining Journal and General Advertiser for the Counties of Flint Denbigh

THE SENSITIVE SILKWORM. Every British schoolboy keeps or has kept silk- worms. A cardboard box and a constant supply of mulberry-leaves are, in his estimation, all the re- quisites for the proper rearing of the fascinating cater- pillar. In China, however, where the silkworm is more largely cultivated for commercial purposes than anywhere else, the utmost care is exercised in its rear- ing. Dr. J. H. Gray describes the numerous precau- tions necessary to the successful culture of these pre- cious insects. Of course, one of the most important things to be attended to is the temperature, which must be kept as nearly uniform as possible. The Chinese ascertain the temperature of the cham- ber in which the worms are kept, not by a thermometer, but by the sensations produced upon the naked body of the attendant. At intervals he takes off his clothes and enters the chamber, and, if he finds the air at all cool or damp, heat is produced by means of stoves. Lightning is thought to be in- jurious to silkworms, and great pains are taken, when a thunderstorm is apprehended, to cover the shelves with thick paper-a precaution which keeps out the glare. Thunder is also supposed to be inju- rious, by alarming the worms. Indeed, so easily are they supposed to be disturbed by noises of all kinds that the persons in charge are required to speak in subdued tones while administering to their wants.

BACKWARD CHILDREN. The following circular has been issued to her Majesty's inspectors of schools by the Education Department: In a considerable number of the larger schools for boys and girls there are found groups of children, some of whom are nearly 10 years of age, who at the time of their admission were almost wholly ignorant and quite without school habits. Among the causes for this deplorable state of things may be named, total neglect or irregularity of school attendance in early childhood; the migratory character of some families and their consequent evasion of the atten- dance officer; an abnormally slow development of in- tellectual power, in some cases bordering on imbecility; and delicacy of health in early childhood, due often to bad nutritition. There are also a few children with alight epileptic tendencies, and a small number are crippled or paralysed. These classes of children cannot generally be taught with ordinary scholars capable of passing through the first standard in the course of a year, except at the cost of very great anxiety on the part of the teachers and some strain upon the school organisation. Whenever this is attempted educa- tional progress is imperfect and slow, and not seldom the habit of truancy is the result. These children are as a rule of a mental type above that suited to the special classes for those of defective intellect, from which classes the large majority of them should be excluded. Separate organisation therefore is required for their instruction and training. The same organisation, however, will probably not be suited to all schools. You should therefore point out to the managers the desirability of adopting, accord- ing to circumstances, one of the three fol- lowing plans in all cases in which it is thought that the number of these very backward children is insufficient to justify the em- ployment of an additional teacher in their own achool: (a) The establishment of a separate prepa- ratory mixed class of boys and girls in a class-room of its own. This class should be, if possible, con- nected with the girls' department, and should be in the hands of a teacher specially skilled in training elder infants, and she should be authorised to exclude all such beys as she finds beyond her power of con- trol. (b) The infant mistress may be made respon- sible for the instruction and training of these children in her school, the right being reserved to her to re- fuse any boys whom she may deem unsuitable com- panions for her infants. These children should, if possible, be formed into a special class of the infant achool, and should in no case be drafted into either of the lowest two classes, (c) In a small number of schools the reorganisation of the staff of the boys' and girls' departments, coupled with the reclassi- fication of the children, might enable the managers to devote their entire service of one teacher to such a class. So far as the rules of the Department and the Code are concerned, a school may be organised for this purpose *on lines which, whilst following gene- rally the curriculum included under the ordinary standards, do not necessarily aim at covering exactly in any one year the limits laid down by any one standard, but which seek to reach by different stages the same ultimate educational level as that covered by Schedule 1. of the Code. Unless some one of the above suggested plans or some plan equally efficient for the instruction of very backward scholars is adopted it will be your duty to recommend the lower discipline and organisation grant, and in some cases it may be necessary, after due warning, to withhold that grant altogether."

INCHNDIART fires in Mandalay have destroyed the poet and telegraph offices. A* electric railway 60 miles in length, to be operated by alternating current, -'is projected to connect the cities of Detroit and Port Huron, ^Michigan. The line will be single track,with turn- oats," following the western bank of the St. Clare and Detroit Rivers and the shore of Lake St. ClaIr. It will carry both freight and passengers. Two-car trains will be run, consisting of a 33^-ton motor cat and a 15-ton trailing car. There is to be but one fenerating plant on the line, about 20 miles from Detroit at a point which will be about the centre of load distribution. Three-phase current will be generated at this station, which will be converted by rotary transformers placed at four sub-stations along the line, from which direct current will be delirarad into the feeder circuits.

CHINA'S UNPROPHETIC FLAG. If ever there was anything in the world that went by contraries, it is the Chinese Sag. It will be re*- called that it is one of the gayest of national standards. The body of the banner is of a pale yellow. In the -upper left-hand corner is a small red sun, and looking at it a fierce Chinese dragon. About 1000 years ago, so the story runs, the Chinese made war upon the Japanese. They pre- pared for a great invasion. As a prophecy of victory they adopted a standard which is that of the present time. They took the sun of Japan and made it very small. This they put in front of the dragon's mouth to express the idea that the Chinese dragon would devour the Japanese. It happened, however, that the Chinese fleet, conveying an army of 100,000 men, was wrecked on its way to Japan by a great storm, and all but three of the 100 000 I.erished.

A CORONATION REMINISCENCE. The approaching celebration of her Majesty's Diamond Jubilee leads old stagers from the cosy corner of their club to descant to younger men just now upon the glories of Coronation Day. Perhaps their somewhat limited audiences may occasionally betray symptoms of being bored, but for all that these tales of the doings in London on June 28, 1838, possess no little interest to those who set some store by the past, and are curious to know how they managed great national celebrations 60 years ago. We can get an idea, too (remarks the Daily Tele- graph), of the fairness or otherwise of the prices which are now being demanded for window seats by a comparison with the rates which ruled on Corona- tion Day. I remember very well," said an old gentleman, who was questioned on this point, that my grand- father procured a window for us at Charing-cross. There were nine of us all told, and it was not a large window, so tjiat we had to dispose ourselves very carefully. Four of us youngsters sat on the window- ledge, with our legs dangling over the crowd below, while the grown-up members of the party ranged themselves astern as best they could. All I know is that we had an excellent view of the procession, for we were almost opposite the equestrian statue of Charles I., which finds a place in the roadway south of Trafalgar-square. For that one window, with a room behind, in which we could have loneb, my grandfather paid 10 guineas." Ten guineas for a window sounds exceedingly moderate, compared with the prices which West-end agents are now asking, and occasionally getting, for positions which overlook the Jubilee route. Not only, however, is there more money about in these days, but the population has enormously increased, and the facilities which exist for reaching London are a thousandfold greater. "In those days, you know," continued the old gentleman, there were no railways. Everybody had to travel by coach, and even a journey to Croydon was somewhat of an undertaking. But I should imagine that every coach in the kingdom was pressed into service at the Coronation, for I never saw so many people in London. As for the weather, it looked doubtful, I remember, in the morning, but it cleared up in the forenoon, and was fine the rest of the day. We had to get to our window very early, for the Queen left Buckingham Palace at ten o'clock. The procession went up Constitution- hill, along Piccadilly, St. Jaraes's-street, and Pall- mall, and then down Whitehall to Westminster Abbey, and returned the same way. I recollect that when her Majesty first went by the house at Charing-cross she was uncrowned, but when she came back she wore her crown and her Royal robes, and the titled persons who took part in the procession their coronets. I remember, too, that long before the pro- cession returned, for the Queen did not leave the Abbey till past four o'clock, a friend of ours who had been present at the Coronation came in and told us all about it, and bow from every part of the vast building came an enthusiastic cry of 'God save the Queen.' as the Archbishop of Canterbury placed the crown on her Majesty's head. I can recollect, also, seeingtheDuke of Wellington in the procession, and his old antagonist, Marshal Soult, who was present as French Envoy Extraordinary, and had a particularly gratifying greeting. Of the nine of us who saw the sight from that window only two are now alive, and I am the only one in this country." Bank Holidays had not been invented in 1838, but Coronation Day was, of course, observed as a general holiday. The Queen herself witnessed from Bucking- ham Palace a display of flreworks in the Green-park; the Duke of Wellington gave a grand ball at Apsley House; and the theatres and all the other places of amusement were, by her Majesty's command, opened gratuitously for the evening. Of course, there were illuminations, and these and other forms of rejoicing were followed by a fair-a more fashionable thing than now-in Hyde-park, which lasted till the end of the week. What chiefly strikes the old fossil as his irreverent juniors at the club insist upon calling him—as he relates the doings of 60 years ago, is the changes which have since supervened..He points out that the Life Guards then wore bearskins, that the Foot Guards were attired in swallow-tailed red-coats and were armed j with "Brown Bess," and that the members of what was then the forerunner of the Metropolitan Police force lounged about in tall hats. Since then the attire of the military and civil forces have been so revolutionised that the soldiers and policemen of that day would, if they could reappear, be by no means sure of recognition even in the cook's kitchen. In one respect, Coronation Day set a good example, and that was, that despite the vast multitude of people who filled the streets, there was no accident of any moment. I

SIR JOHN ROBINSON, who lately retired from the Premiership of Natal in consequence of ill-health, has just arrived in England, and he will remain for some time. The heavy work which fell upon him since he became head of the Government at Pieter- maritzburg in 1893, has told severely upon his health. Sir John, who is a newspaper editor by profession, is now 58 years of age; he was elected to the Legisla- tive Council in Natal 34 years ago. During that period he has taken a prominent part in the public affairs of his colony, and his valuable services have been acknowledged in various ways both by the Colonial and Imperial authorities. A CONSULAR report on the trade of Rouen mentions some curious questions as to the place of origin of certain goods. A case arose of muriate of ammonia shipped at Bristol by a London firm in Italian-made casks which bore plain marks upon them showing where they were manufactured. The Customs agents contended for some time that the contents as well as ™e casks were made in Italy. The Consul states that he has even known an instance which caused a certain amount of trouble from the fact that the nails with which the cases were closed were of American manufacture. A word of official warning is given as to the caution it is necessary to observe while the letter of the law is so rigidily observed on the other side of the Channel

WHAT is to be known as a long-distance t.elescope { has been adopted by the Admiralty for use in the Navy, and one of these instruments will be supplied i to each sea-going battleship and cruiser, and to each vessel of smaller type commanded by an officer, not [below the rank of commander. This special telescope is only intended for use at sea on occasions when it is necessary to make out distant signals or objects." THB Diamond Jubilee Fund which the Wesleyan Methodists are raising on behalf of soldiers' and sailorle hemes promises to be & marked success. An effort is being made to secure a collection for it on Sunday, 20th June, not only in all the home churches, but throughout the British colonies. The returns to the.Conference, by the way, from the Indian synods give a total membership of 6294 (a clear increase of 303), with nearly 3000 more on triaL }

U OF all the wonders of the great weat, which was the one that impressed you most ?" Wondering how I was ever going to get back home." He stood on the bridge at midnight, And the way he swore was a sin; Yet do not condemn him lightly- Twas the bridge of his violin. DE trouble 'bout er man's makin' a regular practice o' findin' fault," said Uncle Eben, is dat M be gits mo' an' mo' expert in 'is business, de demand foh 'is goods gits less an' less." OWING to Sir Alfred Milner's unmarried state, the honours of Government House at Capetown will be done, South Africa says, by Mrs. Hanbury Williams, wife of Major Hanbury Williams, the newly- appointed Military Secretary to the Governor. IT is believed that the Diamond Jubilee honours will include a peerage for the Marquis of Lome, M.P. for South Manchester. At a subsequent date be will probably receive a much-coveted appointment abroad.. This will necessitate a- bye-election.

THE MAKING OF MADMEN. The Hospital says it has again and again called 1 attention to the evils which result from the pre- | mature discharge of the inmates of lunatic asylums, and to the fact that, gratifying as it may be to ) managing committees to find mention made in their j reports of the large proportion of their patients who have been cured," the result of such cures is not only an increase in the number of wandering lunatics, who, as we know from recent and sad experience, are a constant danger to the community, but also a great and continuous increase in the number of those born with a tendency to insanity. An in- teresting little history is told in regard to a little I boy of seven years of age, who was lately returned for trial to the assizes for the murder of his brother, aged six months. The mother of these children was I confined in an asylum two years ago, at which time ¡ her mother and her son were also inmates so, that I at the same time, three generations of this family 'I were officially recognised as being insane. She had several children,, all of them weak-minded. She was discharged not recovered at the instance of her husband at the end of 1895, and the child murdeied was begotten and born since that time. Nothing could show more forcibly how it is that so many asylums are required. Nor is the evil resulting from this propagation of the unfit to be measured by the number of lunatios who are thereby produced. Outside and beyond what can be called lunacy there is among the offspring of the mentally feeble a large range of instability of mind, impulsiveness, inability to resist temptation, laxity of moral sense-all of I which leads to crime and fills our gaols and ulti- mately our workhouses. And yet, at the instance of her husband," a woman can be discharged not recovered" that the may go on adding to the multi- tude of the mentally unfit.

A DECAYING INDUSTRY. The sugar-cane question, which the Commission .from home has set out to examine, is, says the Indian Daily News, of more than passing interest in India, since upon the maintenance of the cane industry in the West Indies, Demerara, Natal, and Mauritius, depends the principal portion of the demand for emigrant coolies from Calcutta. The Com- mission has been specially instructed to inquire into the probable result of a complete failure of the sugar industry on .the condition of the labouring classes both West Indian and East Indian," and matters havenow reached a point where nothing short of "complete failure" seems to be threatened. The position is a curious one, since beet sugar, which is killing the cane industry, not only oosts'more to produce, but lacks the inherent pre- servative qualities which make cane sugar so valu- able. The case is a very simple one. The Con- tinental bounties are only paid on exports, and thus the lowest price for sugar always exists in the London market, England being, practically speaking, the only great country which has no import duties •n this article. As the result, the retail price of sugar in London is less than half what it is in Paris. And the Paris and French tax-payer pay up the difference. The impetus which has thus been given to all manu- facturing industries, such as distilling, brewing, and the making of jams, chocolate, confectionery, and so forth, is very striking, and has more to do with the unwillingness of the Home Government to institute any countervailing import duties, than is usually recognised. It is to be feared that so long as the present bounties continue, and no countervailing duty is imposed at home, so long will the cane in- dustry continue to suffer. The ruined indigo pits which are to be seen throughout Jamaica are witness to the greatness of an industry which has now disap- peared from this island. Tobago knows not the cotton plant, though it is fenced all over with breakwinds," set up during-the American War, when cotton was its chief product. Ceylon has lost its coffee industry. And as matters now go, it looks very much as if the cane-growing colonies were likely before long to find themselves in the same position in regard to sugar.

RECORD REIGNS. The fact that the Queen is about to celebrate the 60th year of her reign calls attention to the long reigns of other monarchs. The majority of these long rules have occurred in times of national pro- sperity and quiet, rude and unsettled times being inimical. The three Danish Kings of England, for example, reigned only 27 years altogether. During the Saxon period 15 Kings ruled During the Saxon period 15 Kings ruled with an average of 13 years apiece. But William the Lion ruled over Scotland for 49 years (1165-1214). His son, Alexander II., reigned 35 years, and the latter's son 36 years. Charlemagne, the great consolidator of the French Republic, ruled 47 years, and Louis IX. for 49 years, but both these long reigns were exceeded by Louis XIV., who reigned the unprecedented time of 73 years, from 1642 to 1715. "Did you thiuk I was immortal?" asked the King on his death bed of his sorrowing attendants. The Spaniards boast justly of the reigns of some of their Sovereigns. James I. of Aragon ruled 63 years, from 1213 to 1276, while Pedro IV. and John II. ruled respectively 51 and 54 years. From the time Spain was consolidated, in 1479, eight Kings ruled whose reigns averaged 35 years. Alphonso I. occupied Portugal's throne for 73 years (1112-1185), and he is regarded as the founder of their inde- pendence by the Portuguese. Other Portuguese Kings reigned for 43, 44, and 46 years. The reigns of several of the Prussian Kings have been very long- for instance, that of Frederick William, the great Elector and founder of the Prussian military power.

A RAILWAY CHAPEL. The railway now being built across Siberia i¡'by far the longest in the world, and is destined to become a pe..t highway of the human raoe, connecting the east and west. The long distance* across the eteppes and the religious character of the people have given rise to the chapel railway carriages for divine service. These rolling churches are fitted up like an ordinary Russian Church inside, and they serve not only for travellers by rail, but for periodical worship of the inhabitants of remote villages on the great plains.

A GOVERNMENT SPECULATION. Reference is made in the Consular report from Greece to the crisis in the currant trade caused by the reduced demand from France, an almost prohibitive import duty, and other restrictive French measures. The amount exported having dropped by about 50 per cent., at prices which barely covered culti- vation, the subject demanded serious consideration. It was, indeed, suggested that there should be given up an area of vineyards propor- tionate to the amount over-produced. That step was not taken. However, in its stead, the Greek Govern- ment passed a low diminishing the export of currants by 15 per cetft. This proportion had to be handed over to the authorities, and could not be exported unless reduced to pulp, syrup, or otherwise rendered unsuitable for eating purposes by the purchaser. Since the passing of this Retention Law the Govern- ment, it is estimated, has collected in its stores some 20,000 to 30,000 tons of dried currants, which it is now most anxious to get rid of."

ROYAL ALIASES. Of European crowned heads there are a consider- able number who have aliases. The King of the Belgians, when he travels incognito, passes as the Comte de Ravenstein. The Emperor of Austria travels as Count Hohenembs—that is his strictest incognito name, and is not very generally known. His wife, the Empress of Austria, when taking some of her long rambles alone, adopts the name of Elizabeth Nicholson. She ooce had a favourite lady's-maid of that name, to whom she was deeply attached, and has perpetuated her name by adopting it in this way. Austria has furnished another celebrated alias-that of John Orth. He was the Archduke Salvator of Austria, but he quarrelled with his brother, and in conse- quence adopted the name of John Orth, and sailed as a master of a trading vessel. When last heard of be was at Rio, where he paid off his crew. That was in 1890—since when he haa disappeared completely. For some reason or another, the German Emperor does not appear to possess an alias-at least, we have never come across it. But his two sons, Prince Wil- liam and Eitel Fritz, both possess travelling names; rather they both possess the same, for when travel- ling incognito, they do so under the name of Counts of Ravensberg.

THE Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth Palace has just instituted the Ven. David Howell, B.D., Archdeacon of Wrexham, canon residentiary of St. Asaph Cathedral and vicar of Greeford, to the deanery of St. David's, in the Province of Canterbury, on the presentation of her Majesty the Queen. The Arch- bishop instituted Dean Howell in person, and the Vicar-General subsequently issued his mandate com- manding immediate installation for the new dean in St. David's Cathedral. "LINSBBD oobipouND" (Trade Mark) for Coughs and Colds, 91d., 13!d. Sold by Chemists only. "EVERYBODY says my daughter got her beauty from me. What do you say to that ?" That it was unkind of her to take it from you." CoAoumNz.-Cement for broken articles 6d. and Is., postage, 2d. Sold everywhere. Home and abroad. MBS. JANSON said to Mrs. Lammis, in perfect con- fidence Do yon know mine is the prettiest baby in the world P" Well, really, now, what a coincidence, said Mrs. Lammis. So is mine I" Lnroit CATHARTICUM PILLS, digestive, corrective, and agreeably aperient. 9|d., 13ni Of all Chemists. LADY: But it seems to me you ask very high Wages, when you acknowledge that you haven't had much experience." Bridget: Sure, marm, ain't it harder for me when I don't know how ?*' KLINX.—New white inorganic Cement for Pottery, Porcelain, &c., 6d. and In.; postage, 2d. Of Chemists. BIBHAH Did your watch stop when yon dropped itonthefloorop" Magley: Of course it did. Did you think it would go.through ?" "Liitamm Compouso," a demulcent anodyne ex- pectorant for Coughs and Colds. Of Chemists only. MISTRESS: "Didn't the ladies who called leave carda ?" aid: They wanted to, ma'am, but I told them you bad plenty of your own, and better too."

THE HABITAT OF PLAGUE. There are these areas in Asia where the bubonic plague is endemic, Mesopotamia, Garhwal, and Funan. From Baghdad we hear from time to time of the disease assuming epidesnic form in that neigh- bourhood, but it scarcely ever spreads southwards into the Persian Gulf, and practically never travels to Asia Minor and Europe. In Garhwal mahamari is, says the Allahabad Pioneer, purely local, the filthy habits of the people being the main cause of its existence there. The ueuai practice when an epidemic occurs is for the villagers to leave their huts and camp in the open. The disease gradually dies out and the mortality from it is seldom great. That mahamari does not extend to the plains of India is somewhat remarkable, but the hillmen seldom wander from their homes and thus infection is not carried southwards. In Yunan the plague assumes an epidemic form at uncertain intervals, and its ravages in villages as well as towns are appalling. The Chinese, like the Garhwalis, live amid most insanitary surroundings and they die off by the thousand when smitten with epidemic disease. Fortunately for the civilised world outside China, the plague only spreads to the great seaport towns occasionally. Hong Kong suffered two or three years ago, but the drastic measures taken to check the epidemic were successful in the long run and the European population enjoyed marked immunity from attack. The Chinese allege that the plague travelled originally from India to Yunan, but there is absolutely no evidence in support of this theory. Hitherto the general idea has been that Bombay must have been infected from Hong Kong or one of the Chinese ports, but it is quite possible that Meso- fotamia may be responsible for the outbreak in ndia. There is a good deal of trade between Bom- bay and the Persian Gulf, and the ships engaged in it may have brought the germs of the disease to the West Coast. So long a period has, however, now elapsed since bubonic faver first appeared in Mandvie that inquiry on this point would be futile. The ugly fact that the plague has got a firm footing in Bombay and Karachi has to be faced, and attention must be concentrated in localising it as much as pos- sible. When it has been completely stamped out the medical officers and experts will doubtless have much to say as to its origin and progress; and by the light of experience they have been able to suggest pre- cautionary measures for future use. It will be an evil day for India if plague becomes endemic in even a small area, for there will then always be the danger of its assuming the epidemic form as in the case of Mesopotamia and YuDan.

A PROTEST AGAINST HUNTING. In the current issue of Middlesex and Hertfordshire Notes and Queries is a reprint of a curious document bearing the date of 1808. It is a series of resolu- tions passed at a meeting, attended by noblemen, gentlemen, and farmers of the neighbourhoods of Harrow, Pinner, Watford, and Stanmore, and signed by b9 of the inhabitants of those districts. These resolutions show very clearly what evils were inflicted upon landowners in this vicinity by bunting being carried on in the midst of highly cultivated pleasure grounds and fields, even 90 years ago, when London was relatively still so distant. One chief ob- jection brought forward is grounded on the fact that the hunters were not so much the gentlemen of the neighbourhood as strangers attracted from London. The document runs as follows: At a meeting of Noblemen, Gentlemen, Farmers, and other Proprietors or Occupiers of Land in the Parishes of Harrow, Pinner, Watford, Stanmore, and their vicinities held at Stanmore on the 15th day of June, 1808, the Earl of Essex in the Chair. Resolved unanimously,—That it is the opinion of this meeting, that however harmless an amuse- ment hanting may be in certain parts of the Kingdom, at a distance from London, where land is of less value, the soil of a different quality, and the country more open and suit- able to the sport, and where the hounds belong to gentlemen who have estates in the neigh- bourhood, yet that in this immediate district, so near to the metropolis, where land is of such great value, and scarcely an acre now left uninclosed, where property is so divided, and such pains and expense bestowed in the cultivation, and where the taxes, rates, and other charges fall so heavily upon the occupier, the practice of hunting (under these peculiar circumstances) is attended with injuries too lerious to be tolerated. Because, from the vicinity of London and other populous towns and villages, the hounds are attended by a multitude of horsemen (from 100 to 150, being the average number in the fteld) the majority of whom are both ignorant and careless of what damage they do, and from whom it would be impossible to recover satisfaction for in- juries sustained. Because, the whole district being inclosed, the breaking of fences, gates, and stiles is not only a constant charge to the occupiers in the Repairs, but by the straying of cattle, disputes with neighbours, and other disagreeable consequences, are occasioned. The very value of the land being thereby reduced, and the principal benefit arising from in. elosures, in the safely and quietly keeping of livestock destroyed. Because, from the retentive nature of the soil, the damage sustained by the poaching of horses is serious and lasting; particularly on meadow land (of which description is by far the greater part of this district) where such injury is seen and felt -for years. Because, the consequences to grazing stock are highly detrimental. It is well known, cattle will not thrive in mclosures, frequently disturbed by dogs and horses; and to ewes in lamb,, the grievance is more serious, which many farmers in the neigh- bourhood have to their cost experienced. Because, even parks, gardens, and pleasure grounds, which- by ether hunts are held sacred, have in a most unwar- rantable manner been trespassed upon and injured. Because, we have not even the consolation of suffer- ing injury to our property, and sacrificing our per- sonal convenience and comfort for the accommoda- tion and amusement of neighbours, and of resident country gentlemen of property; inasmuch as the subscribers to the hunt which frequents these parts, chiefly consist of persons who live in London and other distant quarters, and have little or no landed property in this neighbourhood. Because, we know it to be the general wish of the gentlemen and farmers of this district that the practice should be dis- continued; which circumstance alone we should imagine sufficient, to induce the members of the hunt themselves to desist from it, even supposing no actnal injury could be pioved. Because, as it ap- pears that a right has been assumed (as if antho- rised by law) to commit such trespasses, it is highly expedient that the question should be legally ascer- tained, of the right of the people of this country to the peaceable enjoyment and protection of their property. For the above, exclusive of many other reasons too numerous to detail- Resolved,'Unani mously -That all legal means be used to put a stop to such unjust, un- reasonable, and injurious trespasses. Resolved— That a committee be formed to consider of the best method of carrying the above resolutions into effect. Resolved-That the thanks of this meeting be given to the chairman." The above resolutions are signed by the following Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Farmers, and other Proprietors or Occupiers of Land: Marquis of Aber- corn, Priory; Marquis of Sligo, Porters; Earl of Essex, Cashiobury; Lord Northwick, Harrow; Sir John Nicholl, Edge Grove; and some 50 others.

U YES, sir," said one sportsman, that pugilist has just invented three new blows." H'm," replied the other. I thought he seemed a little out of breath." WELL, the weather man predicted violent storms yesterday morning, and nothing came of it." How can you say so ? There was a Wagner concert last night." t LINSEED COMPOUND for Coughs, Cold, Asthma and Bronchitis. Of Chemists only. "WHAT is that racket upstairs f said a caller to little Bonny Bluebumper. That's ma dropping a hint to pa," replied Bonny. "LUSHED COMPOUND" (Trade Mark) for Coughs and Colds, 9 £ d., 13 £ d. Sold by Chemists only. Sun: When they hear you are going to be married, dear, won't they raise your salary?" He: "I'm afraid not, darling; they have heard it so often before." "LUBUD COMPOUND (Trade Mark) gives Expec- toration without strain. W., 13i. Of Chemists. 'WIIFUI; Johnny, I fear you were Dot at school yesterday." Johnny: Hm I I'll bet the teacher told you. A woman never can keep a secret." RHHBMBBH the Black Beetles, horrid things, and be sure to tell Cook to well sprinkle the floor near the fireplace last thing at night with Keating's Powder," the unrivalled Killer of Fleas, Beetles, Moths. Harmless to animals. Sold only in tins, ad.. 6d„ aod,lo, owl 'J. t;

THE MODERN MARRIAGE MARKET. • LADY JBPNB AND MARIE CORELLI. In the Lady's Realm, there is, among much else that ia interesting, a forcible article by LadyJeune in reply to Miss Marie Corelli's recent essay on The Modem Marriage Market." Lady Jeune admits that ia our very complex state of society there must neces- sarily be great varieties and differences in the lives Qf the different sets into which so large a society must be divided, and she does not deny that there are aspects of modern lifewhichwe deplore. Whether such conditions are worse than formerly must ever be an undecided question. She continues: But that we have done with the coarseness and brutality of the last century no one will deny. Where there are great riches, a high standard of comfort and luxury, and a moneyed ftlaas, there must be extravagance and less moral restraint than in a more primitive state, where the conditions of existence are harder and the life is more simple. An existence such as Marie CoreHi tells us of is poetical and idyllic to the highest degree but in our country, and under the conditions of modern life, it is an impossible one. It does not, however, necessarily follow that a life equally pure and happy is impossible in our modern Bablyon. "Love in a cottage" is a delicious thing, but the wherewithal to provide the cottage and its accessories is an absolute necessity. The higher standard of comfort which modern society re- quires, without any superfluities, makes marriage more difficult than formerly, not because there is not the same capacity for affection and self-denial among ua, but because the whole conditions of our life have changed and are still changing and it must be evident to the most Spartan of us that, how- ever simple and rugged may be our theories, it is an impossibility to carry them out in their entirety. The modern mother is not the heartless, selfish creature described to us, because she shrinks from letting her daughter link her life with someone (how- ever deep her attachment to him may be) who can- not at least provide her with the nec searies of life. We think that Marie CoreHi is mistaken in drawing the picture she has done of the modern marriage market." The same reproaches have always been heaped on society which she makes; women have always been accused of sacrificing their daughters for money, for the sake of the jewels and settlements of a rich husband and the cry of the slave market" is as old as the world itself. But is it true ? Or rather is not the accusation so grossly exaggerated as to be as false as if there were no foundation for its existence ? Lady Jeune protests most strongly against Marie Corelli's statement that girls are brought out in the season to be sold as any unhappy Armenian girl"—a statement as false as it is ridiculous. Does she really believe that the bright, happy, pretty girls we See in London ball-rooms all go there for the purpose of exhibiting their charms to the richest and'most desirable suitor? Does she think that every girl starts in life with the avowed and open Intention of making the best of her looks for such a purpose ? We say that such aa idea is mon- strous absolutely false of the girls, and equally un- true and unjust as regards their mothers. In the heart of. every girl lies the hope that some day she may marry the mgn she loves, and, in joining her life with his, taste the sweet joys of life together; but the thought is one quite apart and outside any of the motives which make her wish to go into the world, or add to the enjoyment of her season. Girls enjoy society because of the fun, the gaiety, the change, and the wholesome excitement, which a season gives them, and not because in the distance they see the millions and the millionaires they are supposed to be hunting. Take any young, wholesome-minded girl with a happy home, and suggest such a thing, and see her indignant denial of an accusation the thought of which had never darkened the pleasure of her life. Girls may marry hastily, perhaps marry too young, without knowing thsir own minds; but in these days no girl is forced into a marriage that is repugnant to her because her mother wishes it, and there are few women wicked and cruel enough to blast the life of their child by asting as Marie Corelli would have us believe. Every year the increased independence which girls enjoy, and the feeling of the time in which they live, make them less anxious to marry, or to many so early and their position with regard to mervand 4ha feeling -whioh bMwMal- wft- young of both sexes does not tend to increase a girl's desire to take a husband. In spite of all the-al- lurements of riches, the ostentation and extravagance of to-day, and the temptations which money offers to women, we maintain that the hearts of girls in England are pure and single-minded, that the men they choose to be their helpmates and companions in life are the men they love, and however well gilded or attractive may be the advantages which "oBey without love holds out, they have no chance in competition with the affection which develops into the glamour and ecstasy of a pure; genuine passion. It would be needless to ask Marie Corelli to panse in her denunciations of the mother who, however much she may see her child suffer momentarily, prevents a marriage where poverty would be the inevitable companion of a lifetime. But she would surely not deny that the mother is justified in stopping a m- riage (however great might be the affection) where the whole of two lives would be spent in an unequal struggle with privation and need. It is so easy to blame such a woman and inveigh against her worldly- mindedness but a mother can never forget that there are wider considerations than the present happiness of two people who enter into a marriage where there is barely enough for them to make two ends meet. The destinies of unborn children have to be considered, and she may well be justified in putting her veto on a contract which may bring beings into existence for whom no adequate provision -is possible. —— .h\ J"? t

.q. .(.4- CONCERNING PIGS. The following notice has been issued to intending exhibitors of pigs at the forthcoming meeting of the Boyal Agricultural Society of England at Manchester on june 23: I. Intending exhibitors of pigs at the country meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society, to be held at Manchester from June 23 to 29 next, are hereby notified that it is the present intention of the-society to hold an exhibition of pigs at that meeting; but that it must, of course, depend upon the regulations of the local authorities and of the Board of Agricul- ture in force at the time of the show as to whether such an exhibition can actually take place. "II. The council of the society have decided that no entry shall be accepted of a pig for which a move- ment licence would be required under the Board of Agriculture Swine Fever (Infected Areas) Order No. 5393 of April 14, 1896. Moreover, the County Council of Lancashire, in whose district the show- yard is situated, have, by order dated January 20, 1897, prohibited the movement by land or water of swine into their district, directly or indirectly, from the following counties and the cities and boroughs situate in such bounties: Bedford, Beeex, Norfolk,' Somerset, Stafford, Suffolk, Wilts, and' the1 West Riding of Yorkshire. III. It must be understood, therefore, that no pig from an 'infected area' or from any -of the counties above mentioned Can be admitted for exhibi- tion at Manchester. IV. As to the return home of pigs which may have been shown at Manchester, exhibitors are re- minded that local authorities in Great Britain have' power, under the orders of the Board of Agriculture, to prohibit or regulate ttoe movement of swine into their district from the district of arty 'other lofcal authority. It must rest with individual exhibitors to ascertain from the local authority of their district what restrictions, if any, will be imposed upon the re-entry into such authority's jurisdiction of pigs ex- hibited at the show. V. Entries of pigs for the Manchester meeting can only be accepted on the above conditions. -The fee paid in respect of any pig so entered which can- not be actually exhibited on account of swine fever'' restrictions existing at the time of the show,will be refunded by the society." vi j

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THE DISTURBANCES IN ANATOLIA. The following is an account, extracted from a private letter, of the disturbances at Gemerek, in the Sivas Vilayet, which preceded the Tokat massacre. As early as the 8th of March it was observed that the Turcomans inhabiting the village* around Gemerek were assembling. At night their fires were visible in the surrounding district, and a band of these nomads entered the village and put up at the house of one Keuchguer Mahmud, son of Ali. The Armenians believed that the Bedifs (Reserves) of the district were being called out. At daybreak on March 9 the attack began, when the bells of the Armenian churches were being rung. A band armed with hatchets and revolvers attacked the Armenian Church in the lower- quarter of the village. Fortunately there were but few people in the sacred edifice, not more than about 20 men and women and two priests. Two of the women who tried to leave the church and seek flight were wounded by the Turcomans the remainder suc- ceeded in closing the church and resisting the attack. They also succeeded in sending a warning to the other Armenians of the village that the church was being attacked. A certain Hadji Serkis Manissaricon, a secret renegade, who some time ago was the cause of 30 Armenians being arrested and kept in prison during eight months, was watching the houses of the Armenians. At the same time "the Turks of the upper quarter of the village began to ad- vance through the streets, which were still deserted, and wounded with their hatcheta Krikor Keuoh- guerian and Serkis Nakkachian, who they met by chanoe, The situation at Gemerek was becoming serious in view of this combined attack, organised with premeditation. Owing, however, to a happily unexpected incident, the Turks inhabiting the upper quarter of the village began to quarrel with the Tur- comans. One of the Turkish notables, a certain Abed-din, reproached the invaders with their doings, whereupon the Turcoman Battal from Keesmeres* replied by striking Abed-din a blow with his sword, exclaiming at the same time that he should not protect the Giaours. Thi. incident causea a division among the invaders, who, dreading a fight among themselves and hearing that the Armenians had quitted their quarters, beat a hasty retreat. At the sight of this the Armenians hurried to their church and offered up prayers for their miraculous deliverance. Information was sent to the Kaimakam of Tonous and to the Vali of Sivas, and some officers of the Gendarmery, with a detachment of soldiers, arrived at GemereK, not until, however, the danger was over. The Turcomans, on their re- treat, attacked the Armenian village of Tekmen and carried off all the cattle. A search was subsequently made in the Turkish houses of Gemerek. In one house 20 hatchets were discovered, in another seven,. and 80 oases of petroleum were brought to light in a third house, thus showing that the attack was pre- meditated, and that the Armenian quarters were to be- set on fire.

RTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS. jEajrTj fTTLE Small fS§yfiVER rri*». fw TOrtjrja i, Fnrel/ Yagatabtt CaM Torpid liver, BIle, 8fc)(»w Compltxfcm, tod Suk .uJadl.. yroxupttjr: u4 •ore ibera t. u to IW Nni y BEAUTIFUL TEETIt fclsU who au dftJIr on th« Uia brab ft for dtoy» ft SQZ0D0NT >l<«n»twt dtmUfirlc* to ttt voitt. Cleanses the teetb and spaeoa between them u nothing etas will. SouitdandpMxtTwhfta teeth, rosy lips, and Jntgr&ai breath ensured. AN* AAik I- SOZODOtrr. 9s. M

How desperately bad is the case of the philatelists may be gathered from the following from Gems The sales of stamps by public auction being now as common as those of coins, books, or any other collectable articles, some information as to the ex- tent of these sales may be of interest. Of the three leading auctioneers' sales for,the last season, 1895-6, Mr. Cbevely is said to have realised for stamps actually sold no less a sum than £ 13,600; Mr. Had- low, over £ 6000; and the epjinent SFtn of J'uitick and Simpson, who only commenced a philatelic branch in 1893, with a total of £ 1500, advancing- to E2571 the following year, have in this, last season realised from stamp sales £ 13,714 17a. gd."L IT may not generally be known that tea in Mon- golia and Siberia often takes the place of nioRevv being current as such in many localities. At Foo, Choo the Russians appear to be almost monopolists of tbe tea trade. They have factories where tea is ground fine, and by hydraulic pressure is forced into blocks of great hardness. These blocks are sent north beyond the Great Wall, hete thèy begin at once to. circulate"as money. As a scarcity of tea seta- 'n tkey are gradually reducN in size by their respec- tive possessors, perhaps being utilised for replenishing an exhausted teapot. They still, however, retain an exchange value, according to diminished weight. A CABLEGRAM from Buenos Ayres stes that an explosion has taken place there on a cart loaded with fireworks, which set fire to a block of buildings adjacent to the Bourse, the National Bank, and the British Bank. The fire assumed great proportions. The Morning Post makes a great error in stating that the late Lady Foley was the last survivor but one of the Queen's bridesmaids." In addition to th Duche-8 Dowager of Bedrord the Tuchess of Cleve- land is alive; and in the eii joy ment of excellent health. Her grace makes yearly an extended tour to f'tr dis- tant lands, and in the season takes a very prominent part in all sooial functions, and entertains a great deal, both in London and all Battle Abbey.