Flintshire Observer Mining Journal and General Advertiser for the Counties of Flint Denbigh

THE RCTSSELL-SOOTT CASE. SENTENCES. STATEMENT BY LADY BQeTT. The closing scene of the Scott-Russell case was entered upon at the Old Bailey on the moruiog of January S. Sir Frank Lockwood rose to say a few words before his lordship passed sentence. In what be said, be explained he had no wish to aggravate the case, but he made his statement to clear any doubt that might exist as to the position ef Lord Russell. The defen- dants had pleaded guilty, and counsel referred to the offer made to the defence, which was refused. Lord llussell was, as far as possible, willing that the case should be gone on with and the suggested amend- ment made. His friends had lost sight of one of the most serious statements contained in Cockerton's statement with regard to Faithful William," who had been called, but no reference had been made in the speech for.the defence to the charge., Mr. M. Hall pretested, and asked if Sir Fsank Lockwood was entitled to go into the whole of the libels, and if so would he be entitled to reply. Mr. Justice Hawkins said that Sir Frank was within his rights. Counsel next dealt with the criticism of Mr. Hall with regard to certain letters written by Countess Russell, in which he made a terrible insinuation against Lord Russell. Mr. Hall again denied that he had made the in- sinuation, but had purposely refrained. Concluding, Sir Frank said that at a later date the countess had admitted she was prepared to go back to the earl. Mr. Walton addressed the judge mainly as to the suggestion made with reference to going on with the trial. He referred to the difficulties of the case, and stated he considered it not just to Lady Scott to allow the case to proceed. It was not necessary he should discuss whether he had been right or wrong. The view had been adopted, end the responsibilities must be accepted. He proposed to read one or twor* documents with a view to influencing hi* 4aL=tp"B mind as to the sentence. The statements were made to Lady Scott by reliable men. Mr. Justice Hawkins: I have had no evidence asto that. Mr. Walton: I want to put it in now. His lordship said he could do so, and added I have granted many indulgences already." Mr. Walton pointed out thatCookerton and Aylott had sworn statements and if they were untrue they could have been prosecuted for perjury. If what he said to the jury had not made Lady Scott's motives sufficiently clear, it would be no good his doing so now. Counsel concluded by saying that Lady Scott could not prove the statements owing to Kast's death, but she would not lablighthem. again. Lady Russell was living with her mother, and her only protector was her mother, and he appealed on behalf of both women that whatever sentence his lordship passed he would not deprive Lady. Russell entirely of that protection. Mr. Marshall Hall next addressed his lordship on behalf of Cockerton and Aylott. He referred to Cockerton's statement as to Faithful William," and said that it was a rumouronly., The Judge: It was,pleaded that it was true in substance And in fact. Mr. Hall: That is only the form of pleading. The judge disagreed, adding, "I won't argue with you, as it would be hopeless to try and convince you." Counsel said he took the responsibility of putting forward the technical plea. On the question of sen- tence, he said, his lordship would doubtless be in- fluenced as to whether themeifreceived any pecuniary gain. He would call Inspector Littlechild, whom his lordship doubtless knew. I The Judge: I don't know him, I am happy to say. Mr. Hall reminded the judge he had paid Mr. Littlechild one of the highest compUments ever paid to a police detective. He (counsel) would bring other evidence, and he reminded the judge of a case which took place at that court two years ago, when the Treasury kept witnesses of a totally different character for months while waiting to give evidence. Lord Russell, said Mr. Hall, could have allowed the defendants to withdraw the whole of the charges in reference to Kast. jMr, Justice Hawkins (sharply) And 1 would not have allowed it. While dwelling on the same, point, counsel was interrupted by the judge, who said, If you wish to aggravate the case, by all means go on." Counsel further argued that but for the death od Kaat the prisoners would have gone into the box, but, on his death they were greatly prejudiced. In oon^ eluding, he said what be had done in the case he had' done for his clients, and did not wisb: disrespect towards his lordship, but if lie had done so, he withdrew it, and apologised. The judge was proceeding, to say he had no doubt, when Mr. WaWon rose and said Lady Scott desired to make a statement. This the judge allowed. Lady Scott read a statement. In a voice shaken with emotion, she said: "I accept any punishment your lordship gives me for the Bake. of a good sweet suffering woman, and believing the things these honest men have said are true, and knowing the terrible wrong my child has suffered. Her mouth and my mouth have been shut for nearly seven years as to what-happened-to her, poor thing, and I trust all you gentlemen, and your lordshtp inoluded, will never see any daughter of yours suffer as my darling-I has. I am not upset" at going to prison, except by -the thought "she; will be deprived of her only protector. I have nothing more to say, and I place nayself entirely in your hands, and whatever I suffer I gladly do it." There was* some attempt at applause at the con- clusion of the statement, which was. suppressed. TflB tntAMNCM. The judge,in summing up, spoke fOr' hWr an hour. His lordship severely condemned the character and intention of the libels, and vindicated the early life of Lord Rasseil. During the judge's stotming-up, Lady Scott gradually worked herself into a condition of excitement painful to witness. She made almost a running cobrtnent on his lordship's remarks, and more than once protested against the tone of them, but Mr. Justice Hawkins appeared not to notice either her demeanour or her remarks. Her solicitor, Mr. Wallis, who stood immediately below her (outside the dock), was unremitting in his endeavours to re- strain his client, and Mr. Geoghegan several times rose from his seat and attempted to pacify her. Lady Scott was sentenced to eight months' im- prisonment as a first-class misdemeanant, on account of her ill-health. The other two to eight months' imprisonment without hard labour. When sentence was pronounced Lady Russell shrieked, and then turned to her mother, who, stand- ing with pallid face and labouring under intense excitement, shouted these words as she banged the dock with her clenched fist: I thank you, my lord; I am much obliged, because I believe every word I have said is true. The Judge (to the gaolers): Remove the prisoner. I will not allow her to stand there making speeches of that sort. Lady Scott was then removed, and as she turned to descend the steps to the cella below she beckoned to her daughter, as if suggesting an immediate visit to her.

"LINSEHD COMPOUKD" (Trade Mark) for Coughs and Colds, 9gd., 13Jd. Sold by Chemists only. FRIEND: Did you Ipse anything in the Bustall Bank ?" Depositor: "Not a penny." Well! well! If you knew the thing was going wrong, why did't you say so ?" I didn't know. I had to go off on business so I left my wife some blank cheques. Then she went shopping." LINUM CATHARTICDM PILLS, digestive, corrective, and agreeably aperient. 9jd., lSgd. Of all Chemists. KB. BISKS (after an absence): And so you shot s burglar while here and unprotected. ,pu are a elever little woman. What became of him ?' Mrs. Binks The other burglar carried him off." Mr, Binks: Which other burglar ?" Mrs. Binks: The one I aimed at." KXIITX.—New white inorganic Cement for Pottery, Porcelain, &c., 6d. and Is.; postage, 2d. Of Chemists. A RAILROAD conductor in Iowa having a, badge voted him at a public fair, was hustled upon the platform for a speech. Looking around in a be-, wildered manner for a few moments, he roared out, Sho-o-ow your tickets!" and fled. His speech was a perfect succeea. UOAGULINB.—Cement for broken articles 6d. and Is. postage, 2d. Sold every where. Home and abroad. WHY didn't you deliver that message as I gave it you ?" asked an Austin gentleman of his stupid servant. I did de best I could, boss." You did the best you could, did you V imitating his voice and look. "So you did the best you could. If I.had-: known that I was sending a donkey, I would have gone myself." )

STRIKING INCIDENT AT A GUARDIANS' MEETING. A singular incident occurred, says the Nuneaton Observer, at a meeting of the Guardians of the poor for Foleshill, near Coventry. A woman applied for relief. What family have you ?" Queried the chairman. I've got an invalid daughter, sir, to keep, and it's a bard job Kre got to find the money to get her the medicine. But I don't mind a bit so long as I can pull her through." "Why don't you apply for medioal relief ?" asked the chairman. I'm trying something better than doctors' physic, sir," replied the applicant. "Doctor's physic has net done her any goed, and I've got something much better, some pills. What pills?" asked the chairman. "Pink ones, -air. about which there is so much talk," answered the applicant. Oh, you mean that much talked-of, and, I sup- pose, wonderful remedy, Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People," said the chairman. I know them. Have they done her any good ?" "Good, I should just think they had," said the applicant. She's getting better then ?" "Ever so much better, sir, and I'm hoping she will soon be quite well." "Do you really believe in these pills?" asked a guardian. "Well, seeing that they have done her so much good when everything else failed I have reason to have faith in them," replied the applicant. In addition to granting her the usual allowance of bread, the guardians voted 3s. 6d. per week, so that the applicant might be able to supply her daughter ,.ith Dr. Williams' Pink Pills from which her daughter had received so much benefit. V The incident is significant, and shows that official attention is being attracted to the numerous cures 'that have been reported in the newspapers following rihe use of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People, -which include over five thousand cases of anaemia, general weakness, loss of appetite, palpitation, short- ness of breath, early decay, all forms of female weakness, hysteria, paralysis, locomotor ataxy, rheu- matism, sciatica, scrofula, rickets, chronic erysipelas, consumption of the bowels and lungs. These Pills are not a purgative, and contain nothing that could injure the most delicate. They are genuine on If with the full name, Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People, and are sold by Dr. Williams' Medicine Com- pany, Holborn-viaduct, London, E.C., at 2s. 9d. a box, or six for 13s. 9d. They invigorate the system after overwork, worry, and indiscretions of living

TRAGEDY IN ESSEX. At Biilericay, Essex, en December 9, Witliam Waides, 32, a market gardener, of the Elms, Basil- don, was remanded on the oharge of murdering his brother Charles, a farmer, by shooting him. The prisoner and his brother bad been living with an aged mother, and on returning from Billericay on Friday an altercation took place, during which Charles was fatally shot in the neck. The accused, in reply to the charge, said his brother's death was the result of an aecidant.

WORTH THREE KAFIRS. Many white men have latterly been observed in town (says the Johannesburg Times) performing the- usual navvy work formerly relegated to natives. Herein surely lies the solution of the excess immigra- tion problem ? One white labourer may be trusted to perform in workmanlike fashion the task allotted to any three Kafirs, and, paid accordingly, there is yet hope for the army of out-of-works.

I,T ,^s WORTH KNOWING if you ha vera cough that the quickest and simplest remedy—let alone its cheapneaa-is KEATING'S CQUGS LOZENGES. one6 alone relieves cough, asthma, and bronchitis. As a Cough Remedy they are simply unrivalled. Sold everywhere in tins 13sd. each free for stamps. Thomas Keating, Chemist, London, xii EKE are now ow miles ot electric roads in Europe, an increase of 125 miles during the year. The number of cars has increased from 1236 to 1747. Germany leads, with 250 miles of tract and 857 carat; Then comes France, with 65 miles and 226 cars Great Britain, with 65 miles and 168 ears; and Austrc- Hungary, with 45 miles and 157 care. Russia has one line, with six miles of track and 32 motor cars. Of the 111 European lines, 91 are worked by the overhead trolley system; three—one each in Germany, England, and Hungary—by an under- ground current; nine by an insulated central rail. and eight by storage batteries. "LINSEED COMPOUND" (Trade Mark) gives Expec- toration without strain. 9d., 13d. Of Chemists. THE actor who was on the premises when the ghostwalked has decided to communicate with th»i Psych ical Research Society. "LINSIMICD COMPOUND," a demulcent anodyne ex- pectorant for Coughs and Colds, Of. Chemists only. THE poet who struck out a line for himself has F since had a whole stanza struck out for him by a j hard-hearted editor. j hard-hearted editor. I LINSEED COMPOUND for Coughs, Cold, Asthma and Bronchitis. Of Chemist* only. j Tuis New York papers say that Saratoga has been full of homely women this summer. No lady who has been at the Springs the put season, however, will take this li'el as & personal matter. J "LINSEED COMPOUND" (Trade Mark) for Coughs and Colds, 9-,1d., ISid. Sold by Chemists only. I Hocus: What happened when you told your mother-in-law to mind her own business f Pocus: > don't exactly know. When I recovered conscious- non I found myself in the hospital." [ T TTNION LINE for the SOUTH AFRICAJT vJ GOLD FIELDS. The Royal Mail and intermediate Ste*ia«r» tail fr°m;Southampton ercry Saturday for South and E&Jt Africa* Porta, ealliog at Hisbon, Madeira, and Canary Islands. Apply toth* tJNioM Ltd. Canute Rd., Southampton, and South African Houw, 116 to 96, BuhopsgataSt. Within, London. IRON BUILDINGS AND RGOFINC. t t Churches, Chapels, Mission and School doon^ ■ Lawn Tennis, Golf, and Cricket Pavilions, Cat- ■ tag88, Stables, Farm Btulding*. Booting Irimcy Deeori¡¡tioD 01 IIPA Suildings, ■Wjfnl Sonth BERMONDSEY STA1UHL W. HAHBROWS' WUhKS^ London, B.K. TO M-ACHE CURED INSTANTLY BY BUHTEB'S^IIS; ■raralgif Headaches anil a'l^err* K! £ 4 Si? *3 H Taint removed by I'.JN'TEBS 1% iLII H InE mtavma. JUI AWAIETM*. IKL ■ ri B • a BfhJ.IAED AM MliATELLB TABLSS. A LARGE STOCK Ob' NEW AND SECOND- BAND TABLES always on hand. WIUTE FOR FIUCB LISTS. —G. EDWARDS. KIN OK I. AX n HO Al) LONDON. S.B. I A FOR TE sm SOAP (for Delicate Skins), f P"xml-vR on& 4& a Ta" CREAM (for Itching, Face Spots, &c.), 1/11. POWDER (for Redness, RougMeft, &r.), if

CUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT. Among the members of the House of Com- mons whom one is now meeting in town, ready for the recommencement on Tuesday of the Parliamentary fray, the hope is fieely to be heard that constituents will be merciful in their expectations of what private members can ac- complish during the present Session. It is obvious to the initiated that, owing to the special exigencies of the political situation, the Ministry will be compelled to take the whole time of the House at an unusually early period this year and it would be no surprise, indeed, if private members had less opportunity allowed them for resolution or bill than has been the case for a long period. This ought to be borne in mind by the eager advocates of various causes," who are already bombarding legis- lators all round with urgent requests to ballot for places for resolutions or bills immediately the Session begins. It is, perhaps, too muck to expect that the enthusiasts who have their cause dearly to heart will appreciate the consideration indicated asclearly as the members of Parliament affected; but those of them who are practical will do so, and will be willing, in the circum- stances, to reserve their hopes until another year. Frankly, it will prove to be all the same in the long run whether they are willing or not, for the Parliamentary Session of 1897 is of a certainty not going to be a happy hunting- ground for the private member. The Secretary for India (Lord George Hamilton) having at length informed the Lord Mayor of London that there is, unhappily, no longer any doubt as to the extreme gravity and extent of the famine in our greatest dependency, a Mansion House Fund for its relief has been promptly opened, and has been already as promptly responded to. The Lord Mayors and Mayors of England, Ireland and Wales, and the Lord Provosts and Pro- vosts of Scotland have been invited to form committees in their respective districts in aid of the fund, and the clergy and ministers of all denominations will be asked to make collections. There will thus be no danger' of any overlapping of small and local funds, and it is essential that the relief which goes from this country should proceed in one great stream, and in a stream that shall be unceasing as long as the necessity for it continues. The India Office and the Government of India on their Eart will do their best to assist the good work y placing at the disposal of London's Lord Mayor such information as will clearly define the dimensions of the calamity with which they are dealing, and of the machinery proposed for the distribution and control of the funds re- ceived and the result of the effort should be worthy of the country in whose name it is organised, and of the beneficent feelings which in time of distress, the whole world through, always actuates the British people. Whether it arises from the increased stress of lifetn these later days or from some more occult cause, members of the Court of Aldermen of the City of London do not hold their positions after having been Lord Mayor as once they did. The latest instance of this has been afforded by the resignation this week of his aldermanic gown by Sir George Tyler, the representative of the Ward of Greenhithe, by reason of continued ill- health, for Sir George, who was created a baronet during his Lord Mayoralty a little over two years ago, in commemoration of the open- ing of the Tower Bridge and the birth of a new heir to the Crown in direct male descent, has been an alderman less than a decade. The Court of Aldermen still contains, however, so veteran a member as Sir William Lawrence, who was given his gown as long ago as 1855, as well as his younger brother, Sir James, whose aldermancy dates from 1860, they having been Lord Mayor in 1863 and 1868 respectively but there is not a single alderman who was Lord Mayor in the seventies, and only three who passed the chair in the eighties, so that the existing Court is comparatively a very young body. Not before it was time, a bronze tablet has been placed on the staircase of the new National Portrait Gallery, close to Trafalgar-square, to commemorate the munificent donation of this fine building to the public by Mr. W. H. Alex- ander. It may be that Mr. Alexander has no taste for a title, but wonder has more than once been expressed that his name has not appeared in any of the "honours' lists/1 which have been freely forthcoming since he made that gift; but it has seemed strange indeed that so splendid a benefactor to the nation should for many a month have passed unrecognised. It may be hoped that this will not be the fashion in which Mr. Henry Tate will be treated, when his National Gallery of British Art at Millbank is ready for presentation to the public, for England needs to encourage every such munificent^ giver for the general good, who will be considered by posterity as far more fitting objects for Royal recognition than politicians who are only locally prominent, and of whom tfra nation has never heard. It is not usual for the Queen to take notice of statements which have been circulated concerning her semi-private affairs; but she has made an exception in the case of those which have recently appeared in the Press- and which seem to have been made also in private communications-regarding the risk of supposed premature occupation by her Majesty of the new hotel at Cimiez, to which she is going in the early spring. There is, accord- ingly, the direct authority of the Queen for the fact that expert opinion negatives such fears, and that every precaution has been, and will be, taken in order to ensure that her Majesty shall not incur any risk of the nature apprehended. The very existence of such fears is proof of the deep interest taken in the Queen's health by her people, for it is known that rheumatism- is the only complaint from which her Majesty seriously suffers; and the idea that this affection might be increased by staying in imperfectly dried apartments was prevalent in widely-varied quarters before the authorised denial was put forward. London continues to become more and more cosmopolitan, and it is difficult to guess where, at the present rate, this phase of its develop- ment will stop. On the permanent side, it is most marked at the East-end, where it is recognised by those in authority that the German and the Jew are taking possession not merely of streets but of localities, there being parishes, for instance, where the Jews number three-quarters of the inhabitants. The Bishop of Stepney has just recorded that in one parish eighty-five per cent. of the births were registered as foreign, while, in one large Board school of 1200 children, there were only about sixty Gentiles. So much for the per- manent visitation of the foreigner-a matter which suggests a serious social, political, and religious problem in the future but there is, in addition, the temporary visitation, and that is one which causes the tradesmen and the hotel-keepers of the West-end greatly to rejoice. For there is no mistaking the fact that London is every year more and more proving its title to be considered a pleasure-resort, and this means the spending of avast amount annually within its borders. The severe political economist holds that all money spent in luxury is wasted; but the West-end shopkeeper is strongly of opinion that, if money is to be disposed of in that way, it is far better in his pocket than in that of his Parisian rival. While, however, London is welcoming foreign money, the Government authorities are taking a step which may do something to lessen foreign competition. The Admiralty, in inviting within the past few day tenders for a large quantity of articles for sailers in the navy, has not merely eliminated the middleman by intimating that applications from manufac- turers oniy- win oe accepted, out nas added that patterns may be seen at the Chambers of Commerce of the towns likely to be concerned, such as Birmiugham, Bradford, Halifax, Leeds, Leicester, Man- chester, Glasgow, Dundee, and Belfast, as well as at the usual places in the metropolis. This, it is supposed, will tend to diminish, if not to exclude, foreign competition; and this is aii important consideration, when it is remembered that the orders to be placed are for enormous quantities of such goods as aergos, calicoes, cloths, blankets, flannel, linen, worsted, tapes, caps, buttons, and socks. R.

CURE WORSE THAN DISEASE. Some years ago stoats, weasels, and ferrets were introduced into New Zealand with a view to extermi- nating the Mbbits. Instead of doing this, however, they have themselves increased so greatly as to become almost as serious pest as the rabbits. They do an immense amount of mischief among the lambs, and one farmer in Timaru receatly had four lambs killed by these animals in one night, while five more were destroyed in the next few days.

THE painter who turned out a pot-boiler is now busily engaged in advertising for a new cook. MR. PHIL MAY and Mr. Hugh Thomson have been elected members of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours. Tna medical returns of the French expedition to Madagascar show that among 22,850 troops there have been 7498 deaths, that is about a third—a terrible proportion. The sappers suffered most. Two- thirds of them died, and this high mortality is due, no doubt, to the effects of malaria whilst they were engaged in making roads and bridges over the low- lying lands near the coast. Next comes a battalion of chasseurs with a loss of over 62 per cent. This occurred after the forced march to Tsarasotra. The coloured auxiliaries, whether Sakalava, or Senegalesi, or Kabyles all suffered sevetelv. Out of 7000 men 8000 died.

CYCLING ADVENTURES. A telegram announcing the safe arrival of the three cycling commissioners of Travel at Teheran was not quite correct. Mr. Edward Lunn, in consequence of the wire of his bicycle tyre snapping, was compelled to leave his companions, and ride back some hun- dreds of miles to the Persian frontier. In a letter received from Djoulfa, the frontier town, Mr. Lunn says: "At Mianeh, I was cleaning my machine before starting, when the wire of the tyre broke, and I have had to return, to this point on horseback. I am waiting here for a tyre which a friend is forwarding from Tiflis. Riding baok from Mianeh to- Tabriz, I went 44 miles the first day, 36 the second, and 20 the third, on bony hacks not to be compared to an English carrier's horse. This system of riding is called chapper' riding. The chapper stations are placed from 12 to 20, and sometimes 30, miles allMt, You are obliged to take two horses—one ridden by yourself, the other by the chapper boy. He aocompanies you for several reasons you might steal the horse, or you might ride it so hard that it would die at the next station, if not before. The rule in riding is to have the chapper boy in front, Whatever pace you are going, and, if he won't go in front, just drop the thick and heavy- knotted thong of your whip between bis shoulder- blades. If you are hurrying, and allow the boy to come behind, and then your horse drops dead, you have to pay'; but if he is in front, no matter how madly you ride, the responsibility is entirely his. The carcase of a chapper horse is always recognis- able, beeause the hoofs are cut off from the fetlock, and carried by the boy to the next station as a proof that the horse is dead. The charge for these horses is about sixpence a mile for every four miles. I ex- pect for Christmas to be on a bleak and bare hill in Persia, having for food long pages of thin -bread that tastes like putty, indigestible and unnourishing, roasted on a slower into a mass of leather, which soaks in all the pernicious odours of fire and smoke. This for a Christmas dinner is not appetising."

A LONDON LANDMARK. One -of- the best-known taverns in the metropolis -the Elephant and Castle, at Newingten-causeway —is threatened with demolition and removal. The demolition, however, is only preparatory to rebuild- ing, and as the removal amounts to a matter of but a few feet, the Elephant," which gives its name to at least one railway-station, and ia on the lips of every 'bus and tram conductor on the Surrey side, is likely to remain, as it has been for more than a couple of centuries, a distinguishing landmark in South London. But the change which is in contem- plation, though slight in itself, is of some consequence to the public, Of the many cross-roads which meet at the Elephant and Castle, one of the narrowest and one of the most crowded is the Walworth- road. Almost parallel with it runs Newington-butts, with its considerable width of roadway, and between them, and facing each of them, stands the tavern. What is proposed is to move the house a little to the westward, so as to admit of the widening of Walworth-road, and though this can only be done at the expense of a small strip of Newiugton-butts, the opinion of the local vestry is that exchange in such a case is certainly no robbery. The announcement that the trustees of the Newington Charity Estates, who are the owners of the Elephant and Castle, were pro- posing to rebuild the property induced the local authorities to take prompt action. The Elephant and Castle has lost its glory since the days of the stage-coach, and is now principally known as a tram and 'bus centre, but its history is not altogether uninteresting. It stands upon what was once a waste piece of ground belonging to the Manor of Walworth, and what is now known as the Elephant and Castle Charity Estate. It was secured upon copyhold terms for the benefit of the poor of the parish of Newington as far back as 1658, and though there is reason to believe that the Elephant and Castle on the north and Short-street on the south do not represent the original boundaries, enough of the estate is, left to bring in a revenue of nearly E2000 per annum. There is evidence that in 1672 there was in existence upon the site of the present tavern an inn known as the While Horse, from which the charity then took its name, and it was not until half a century later that, for some occult reason, both the inn and the charity adopted the sign of the Elephant and Castle. It is said that in the process of digging-possibly at the archery butts which are once alleged to have existed at Newington—the bones of an elephant were dis- covered, and that on this account it was decided to discard the sign of the White Horse. Another sugges- tion is that somebody connected with the Cutlers' Company may have had something to do with the estate and have induced the owners to adopt their sign-an elephant, with a tower or castle strapped to its back, in which are two knights clad in armour. Whatever the explanation, the White Horse beoame the Elephant and Castle in the days when it was a low-built roadside inn, and it has been true to the name of its adoption ever since. The locality had considerable renown early in the present century from the fact that Joanna Southcott set up her meeting-house a few doors from the inn. Here thousands of "delusionists," as they were called, assembled to pray for the advent of the Shiloh whom old Joanna had promised them, but though a silver cradle was subscribed for, no Shiloh came. The history of the Elephant and Castle at all events furnishes a chapter as to the value of public- house property in London. In 1674 Thomas Bowers was granted a lease of the White Horse Inn and its garden at 4:5 a year. In 1725 the rental of the house, stable, and garden was increased to 96, but £ 200 bad to be expended in building. In 1818 what had then become the Elephant and Castle and two adjoining tenements were let for £405, and in 1849, after the present house had been erected, a tender of £736 was accepted. By 1870 the rental value had increased to E800, and at the present moment it has further grown to £1200, thus contributing the larger propor- tion of the revenue of what is now an enfranchised estate. As the income is devoted to charitable pur- poses, the original title of the estate—"Gift of God's Providence — had a certain appropriateness of its own.

CHOLERA ON A TROOPSHIP AT PLYMOUTH. The P. and 0. steamship Nubia, with troops from India, came into Plymouth Sound on December 9 flying the yellow flag. The surgeon, in reply to a question from the quarantine officer, notified that cholera had broken out on board. The tender imme- diately put back for Dr. Williams, medical officer of health for the port, who returned in the tender and, with the Customs officer, boarded the Nubia. When he re- turned to the tender he reported that Privates Johns and Eingstone, of the North Lancashire Regiment, had died from cholera during the voyage from India, Just after the vessel anchored in Plymouth Sound Sergeant Wilshire, of the same regiment, died on board, presumably from cholera. On the tender arriving at the Nubia all the troops, passengers, and crew were mustered and individually examined. Four women, two children, and two men, were permitted to land. When the tender left the Nubia the vessel put to sea to bury the body of Sergeant Wilshire. The body was disinfected, and after being heavily weighted was buried well out at m. All bilge and other water has been pumped out of the Nubia. Private Furnham, North Lancashire Regiment, who was in- sensible on arrival, died during the night from cholera, and early on the morning of Jan. 10 the Nubia again proceeded to Bea and buried the body. Ifae local pilot on board had instructions to that the interment was clear of the trawling grounds. About midday the Nubia returned to harbour, and was subsequently visited by the Local Government Board inspector and port sanitary inspector. The latter remained aboard nearly the whole of the day superintending asrangements for the removal of four suspicious oases to the hospital ship for treat- ment. TEN STORY OF THE VOYAGJiI. The Nubia left Colombo on December 17 and trrived at Port Said on December 28, the bill of health up to that date having been fairly satisfactory. On the night of January 1, after passing Malta, Private Kingstone, of the North Lancashire Regiment, was attacked, and died after an illness of only 20 hours. He was buried at sea. The next day another private was taken ill, but he is now convalescent and there is every reason to believe that be will recover. The same day Private Johns was attacked, and he died four days later. The fourth case was that of Bergeant Wilshire, whose illness was a lingering one, Mid who died, as already stated, as the Nubia cast anchor in Plymouth Sound. On the 8th of January another private of the regiment developed the disease, and died on January 9. In addition to these cases there have beea nine cases officially returned as dysentery, two Lascar members of the crew dying in the Indian Ocean on December 20 and 27. In the opinion of Dr. Williams and Surgeon-Major General Hamilton none of the cases on board were cases of true cholera, but four soldiers were, suffering from diarrhoea of a suspicious character, and were, in their opinion, too unwell to be removed to a hospital ship. All the clothes of the men attacked were burnt. Although the outbreak was so serious, none of the officers were attacked, nor were any of the women or children. In the opinion of Surgeoa-Major- General Hamilton the deaths on the Nubia were un- doubtedly from Asiatic cholera. It was at one time feared the disease was an importation of the Bombay bubonic plague, but Surgeon-Major-General Hamil- ton, who has had considerable experience of Asiatic diseases, says this is not so. When the Nubia touched at Port Said a large quantity of fruit and vegetables was taken on board, and it is believed these provi- sions were the cause of the outbreak. All the men who have been attacked have eaten largely of them. The first case, too, made its appearance four days afterwards, the usual period of incubation in cholera cases being five days. ACTION OF THE LOCAL GOVEENJIUNT BOAJU). Notification that the Nubia bad put into Ply- mouth with cases of cholera on board was received at I. noon of January 9. Dr. Thome Thorne, the chief medical officer of the Board, is at present on leave, but the other medical offioers took charge of the matter, and after consultation it was decided to] send Dr. Bulstrode, one of the Board's meidical inspectors, to Plymouth to consult with Dr. Williams as to the measures of precaution which it might be necessary to take. At the Local Government Board offices it is con- sidered that the powers already conferred upon the port sanitary authorities will be amply sufficient to cope with the outbreak. These powers are very stringent, and practically place the vessel in the hands of the Medical Officer of Health from the time it arrives within three miles of the coast until it is free frota infection. The Medical Officer of Health is empowered to reqliire the vessel to be moored at a place approved by the Local Government Board, and if necessary to be detained there until it is free from infection. If in the opinion of the medical officer the persons suffering from cholera are in a fit state to be moved he can direct that they shall be transferred to the hospital provided by the sanitary authority, but if they cannot be safely removed the ship itself remains subject to the control of the Medical Officer of Health. The order, also provides that in the event of death from cholera, yellow fever, or plague taking place on bpard while the ship is detained by order of the medical officer the master shall eber. pause tbe body to be taken out to sea and committed to the deep, properly loaded to prevent its rising," or deliver it to the charge of the sanitary authority. Provision is also made in the Order for the disinfecting of infected clothing, and a general authority is given to the medical officer to take any steps which may appear to him necessary to prevent the spread of infection, and the master of the ship under heavy penalties, is bound to carry his directions into execution.

THE INDIAN FAMINE. The famine in India was the subject of important statements made at a Council meeting held on January 7, in Calcutta, by the Viceroy and Sir J. Woodburn. Lord Elgin announced that the time had come when private charity might usefully sop- plement official effort. The Government of India had no need to make any appeal; they were quite well able to fulfil their obligations, and they could not accept any assistance in so doing. But they had now, in accordance with precedent, defined the objects to which charity might be devoted if the local Governments in-, Tited it, and this definition would be published at once. He himself had accepted an invitation to pre- side at a relief meeting in Calcutta, which he believed would be followed by one in London, and he thought everything possible should be done to make such gatherings successful. The Viceroy justified the advice given by the Government of India before Christmas against the encouragement of clhari- table effort at that period. Sir J. Woodburn')* statement, for which they had been waiting, showed that over a large area thousands, perhaps millions, of people, would be in distress for months, and, though the local Governments recog- nised that they were being treated very liberally, yet the Council now felt they were justified in per4 tting a call to be made upon the full resources of the, é Empire. Sir J. Woodburn's speech, which went into details as to the extent of the famine areas, showed" that the situation, though very grave, was less severe than it might be, and that the distress was most pro- nounced in the North-West Provinces. The rains of I the past two months had, he said, saved India from what threatened to be the greatest calamity of the century. Lord George Hamilton has received 5 further letter from Lord Kinnaird on the subject of the letter from Lord Kinnaird on the subject of the I famine in India. Expressions of opinion from ¡ Indian officials are quoted to show that urgent needs exist* for the appeals to charity which, as a tele- gram from India shows, have now been sanctioned by the Indian Government.

A CALCULATION made recently by Herr Tbering, ot. I' the Technical School at Aix-la-Chapelle, works out showing that acetylene would cost about Bid. per horse:power per hour if used as a motive fuel. It would take more than 2gal. of liquefied acetylene,-to produce the power now obtainable from lgal. of li#W" | Jia^rRBHT-CAR6 can he ventilated by means of a now- device consisting of a rotary fan run by the motion of, the car, placed in the car-roof, and connected with an exhaust fan placed in the end of a pipe and running to the interior of the car, the intention being' to exhaust the foul air in the upper part of the tori so that pure air can enter from the outside. € | TUB London Chamber of Commerce have received a parcel of goods, in response to Mr. Chamberlaiifr' circular, from Newfoundland, and a consignment fro Gambia will also shortly arrive. Other collec- tions are expected from various colonies, and as soon as a sufficiently large number of specimens are to hand a farther exhibition will be held. A oxitim of experiments carried on by Professor* Lea and Facioli have failed to show the presence tJt" c Roentgen rays in solar radiation. They report that if these rays reach us from the sun their intensity must be exceedingly feeble. They suggest that Roentgen rays may exist in sunlight, but t'tt they are absorbed by the earth's atmosphere. AT a recent meeting of the Manchester section of the Society of Chemical Industry, Dr. McAdam read a paper on Mineral Oils. He states thatths former standard of safety, lOOcfeg. F., should"be still adhered v to,, and that oils of a lower flashing point should be sold as mineral spirit, not safe for house lamps. TUH latest enumeration of the animals known to < science includes to less than 386,000 recognised species. The real number is believed to be very mucw larger. It has been estimated that of insects alone the earth harbours 2,000,000 species, but the late Pro- I yf, fessor Bil-ey-regarded even that estimate as far too low. According to his opinion, 10,000,000 would be a moderate estimate of the number of insect species* SOME audacious engineers want to build a suspen- sion bridge between the Eiffel Tower and the top of the Trocadero Palace. There could be no practice advantage accrmng from this, and as an attraction it wtyild De inferior to the Great Wheel. The giant globe, about which there was a good deal of talk some months ago, does not seelli to have taken, as theme A" no signs of its being put into execution. TMH return of exports of steel and cutlery Sheffield to the United States in the past quarter IV shows that the marked decrease upon the correspond- ing quarter of the previous year's cutlery amounted to E32,000, a decrease of nearly E20,000. Steel de- clined from E70,000 to 960,000, a decrease attributed to the disturbance of trade caused by the Presiden- tial election. The total exports from the district at8 lèss.

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Iw his new novel, due m March, Mr. S. R. Crockett will go back for his story some 50 or 60 yeai* Lad's Love," as the tale will be called, is a Gallaw»y story, a tragic idyll of the loves of a Lowland country side. THE southern extension of the Liverpool Overhead y_ Electric Railway includes a remarkable feature— the carrying- of an overhead tunnel over the crown-ot ths Cheshire Lines tunnel. On entering the trains are automatically lit up by electricity from copper conductors suspended from the roof of the ,• tunnel. The trains are likewise heated by elearicity', and the signals are automatically worked by the saws agent, so that the line, which is a little over seven miles long, derives every advantage it possibly from electric power. n DR. CAKRIJWSTON, the Ch>f Justice of Hong-Kong who has jrast been knigii,pd, was educated at the famous Codrington College in Barbados, and was called to the Bar in Lincoln's Inn in 1872. Before he received his present appointment in Hong-Kong he was for many years Attorney-General in British Guiana. He is a Q.C., a D.C.L., and a LL.D. of Durham and St. Andrews. Before be left the West. Indies Dr. Carrington did useful work in drafting bills for the various Governments, and he has done useful work in compiling the Colonial statutes tn the West Indies.