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v. FARMING NOTES. - -.--....-
v. FARMING NOTES. POOR ROOTS. In an autumn like the present a Urge JproporWoa ;>f the crop is wasted (writes W. J. M." in the Agricultural Ga.ctte) when turnips are gnawed by sheep, instead of being cut by a turnip-cutter and then fed from troughs. In any season but those when there is such a superabundance of keep that it does not matter bow carelessly it is fed, it is too wasteful to allow gnawing; but in an autumn when there is scarcely a dry day, and the land is saturated with moisture, a large proportion of food is imme- diately dirtied and trodden into the ground, so that the sheep feed on a mixture of roots and dirt, which is as little palatable u it is benefieialtothem. Gnaw- ing roots is not a pre titable method of fattening sheep, however well it thay be suited to stores, as the sheep take so much exerc'se in getting after them, and have comparatively little opportunity for rest, both of which are prejudicial to the laying on of meat. The fattening of sheep is distinctly associated with the feeding trough, for then the turnips are in acon- venient condition to be eaten, and, provided the land is not trodden to a slush, they rest well between each feeding. The wet and sunless weather of the past two months has been very adverse to the ripening of roots, and they are necessarily poor in feeding value, and none too digestible. It is therefore important to provide sheep with plenty of dry food of a nutritive nature. It is in seasons such as this, when roots ripen slowly and are of poor feeding value, that the ewes fed on them get low in condition and slip their lambs prematurely. Unripe roots may have some injurious principle in them that works prejudicially on the ewe's system, so that she expels her young too soon; but that prin- ciple has never been absolutely defined, and it is probable that the principle, if it exists, upsets the digestive organs in the first instance, lowering the system, so that the breeding organs are weakened. It is more probable that the poor roots do not supply sufficient food for the maintenance of the ewe and the building up of the lamb. There is little in a turnip to furnish bone or to supply muscle-making material; yet bone and n-uscle are important to both the ewe and the lamb. If a ewe receives only enough nourishment to keep herself in health when she has nolambto build up, it is certain that the extrd tax put upon her when developing the lamb, or perhaps two, must be a weakening process, and either the ewe or the fcptus must suffer. As a rule, Nature looks after the mother, as being the better life to preserve, and, to save her, sacrifices the lamb, which comes into the world before it is strong enough to survive, or, the ewe failing to expel it, the lamb dies withm its dam, whose life is again endangered. In the more strictly arable districts, where there is little chance of ewes going on to grass in the autumn cr winter, there are as few cases of abortion as on the grass land, because, although the ewes are to a large ex- tent fed on turnips or other roots, dry food is given early and freely, thus assisting the digestion, and at the same time supplying the necessary material to sustain the ewe and to build up the lamb. THE FUTURE OF CHESHIRE CRJaSB; THE EARLT- RIPEHING PROBLEM. We take the following extracts from a letter that has appeared in the ( hester Courant Of late there have been too many trying to put Cheshire cheese at a discount in the markets of the world. To what extent they have succeeded it is not my intention just now to revert. Those who are in touch with the inner working of our private dairies know perfectly well what care and attention is given in every stage of progress in its making, which is generally followed during the ripening process with no little worry and anxiety as to its result. What- ever be the character of the cheese made in Cheshire during the present year, it cannot be said if it has not come up to the standard of previous yeari the fault is want of care and attention ia the dairy. During the year we have had a good deal of criticisms touching the quality of Cheshire cheese, which has not always been complimentary to the maker of the cheese. I don't think, however, that any of these random shots at either the article or maker have done much mischief. Cheshire cheese to-day stands well to the front, and is probably more •ought after than any other make. Some critics are of opinion that we should return to the old- fashioned system of making nothing less than cheese with 12 or 18 moaths' age. My reply is that it would be a serious matter for any maker to try the experiment for one year. At the Cheshire Agricultural Show a couple of months back two samples of cheese were exhibited at Mr. Cluett's and Messrs. Ashworth's stands respectively. In the former the cheese was said to be 18 months old, made by a maker in the Tarporley district whose re- putation for making long-keeping cheese is prover- bial. All were agreed that the cheese was excellent, considering its great age-a little sharp, no other faalt. No. 2 sample was manufactured at Lea Hall, Aldford, and would probably be about six weeks old, at which stage it was ripe for consumption, and said to be faultless, yet possessing keeping qualities that would ensure the retention of the flavour and quality for three or four months at least. Now, it will be observed, that just now I am in- terested only in drawing attention to the above two cheeses-one represents the old system of make, the other the best-known new system. The demand for the first-named would probably be about 10 per cent., the latter 90 per cent. If I am judged wrong in my estimate, I respectfully invite correction. But, assuming I am near the mark, shall I be exceeding the limits of discretion if 1 urge makers to study their own interests by making the article that cap- tures the taste of 90 per cent. of the cheese consumers of this country ? I think not. If the cause is a good one, a little latitude of thought will be given in its interest. R. CUALLIHOR, Secretary, C.D.F.A.
HOW TO FARM PROFITABLY WITH…
HOW TO FARM PROFITABLY WITH LITTLE CAPITAL. In connection with a discussion which has been going on as to the possibility of reviving the culture of wheat in England on clay lands which have fallen out of cultivation, it has been suggested that it might be interesting to print the enclosed extract from the book, How to Farm Profitably," by the late Mr. J. J. Mechi, Tiptree Hall, Essex: I have noticed a very money-getting farmer in my neighbourhood, who never keeps any live stock, except a couple of cows, and who never buys any feeding-stuffs or manures. He grows no root crops (except an acre or two for his cows) j he makes no long fallow. He keeps his land clean and fertile by ploughing in green crops, which require no hoeing or labour, and only one ploughing. I know he makes money, for he often purchases land; and if it is out of order his first crop is green winter tares, ploughed in and followed by buckwheat or mustard, also ploughed in green. It is surprising how soon this system de- stroys all the weeds, and leaves the land clean and fertile. If when be first takes the land it is much ex- hausted, he then does sprinkle a little guano on, to start the first green crop. By this system his ex- penditure is confined to rent, rates, tithes, and taxes, horse labour, and a very moderate amount of manual labour. There is no investment in live stock, food, manures, casualties, or attendance and housing of cattle. Such a man would require very little shelter or buildings. It is far cheaper than the long-fallow system. He generally sows strong-growing green crops, which will master or overcome the weeds. It is the opinion of some knowing hands that this farmer manages to get better profits than his neigh- bours who adopt the ordinary system." AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE. An interesting address on Agricultural Science; its Place in a University Education," has been delivered by Mr. Robert Warrington, M.A., F.R.S., Sibthorpian Professor at Oxford, on the occasion of the centenary of the foundation of the Chair of Rural Economy. The first part of the address was devoted to a brief account of the life and work of Dr. Sibthorp, who was a great botanist. Owing to a large portion of the interest on his property being devoted to the publication of a great work which he left, the first appointment of a Professor of Rural Economy was not made until 1840, when Dr. Daubeny was ap- pointed to the chair, which he held for 27 years. Dr. J. 11. Gilbert (now Sir Henry) held the professor- « T J m till 1890, and, in consequence of laok of funds, no successor was appointed till 1894, when Mr. Warington was elected. The lecturer pro- ceeded to argue that agricultural science was both a suitable and an important subject for University teaching. Having referred to the agricultural divisions of several Universities in Great Britain, and to the agricultu.ul course established at Cambridge, Mr. Warington asked whether it is necessary that a University should give its students all the opportunities of instruction supplied by a first-rate agricultural college. Auswe, ing his own question, he declared that to give a com- plete course of agricultural instruction. and at the close to confer a degree in agriculture, was a scheme worthy of being carried out if circumstances were favourable; but he contended that the multiplicity of detail necessary to the effective teaching of agricul- ture required more time than was available in a University course, and special circumstances which it was hardly the function of a University to supply. The chief aim of agricultural teaching in a. Uni- versity, he added, should be to impart a scientific view of the facts of agriculture, so that the student in his subsequent treatment of agricultural problems may proceed on sound principles and adopt right methods of investigation.
GARDENING GOSSIP.
GARDENING GOSSIP. 1 (From Gardening Illustrated.") CONSERVATORY. Fifty degrees at night is a very safe temperature now, with a few degrees rise during the day for fire- heat alone. A higher temperature than this not only means waste of fuel, but often positive harm is done. There will be a good deal of picking off of faded flowers and dead leaves now. If Chrysanthemums are at all crowded the leaves soon give way. The earliest-ripened Genistas will soon be showing colour. When planted out in the conservatory-border these are seldom without flowers. They are useful for clothing pillars or walls, and are specially good for covering arches. Another rather useful" plant for covering arches or bare walls in the- conservatory is the old CoroniMa glauca, and the variegated form of this, trained over a pillar, is specially good. The old variegated Geranium Lady Plymouth I have used very effectively in the same way. Planted out, these scented-leaved "Geraniums" grow rapidly. -The Ivy-leaved Geranmms. planted out, as -inost;, people know, are very effective. These things are all cheap and good, and easily kept in condition. To see bare walls or pillars exposed in a conservatory always weakens effect, and they are so easily bidden with plants which are nearly always in flower. Chrysanthemums will now be at their best. Edith Tabor, as we have it just now, is certainly one of the best, if not the best yellow. We have during the last two or three years been giving some attention to the single-flowered Varieties. It is a wonderful relief to come upon a group of these charming single flowers among the big blooms. The day is probably not far distant when these big, heavy blooms (and they seem to get larger every year) will lose favour, and then the single and Anemone Ucwerswill have a chance of being noticed. Those who want to have large blooms must soon think about taking cuttings. It takes a whole year to grow a big Chrysanthemum- bloom, and it must be a year of constant care and watchfulness. There should always be a stock of Ferns and foliage plants available for mixing with the bright flowers at this season. Give liquid-manure to Arum Lilies coming on. STOTE. Keep Allamandas, Dipladenias, and other summer- flowering climbers rather dry at the root now. Hoya Carnosa should also be kept dry. This is sometimes grown in a warm greenhouse, as is also Bougainvillea Glabra, and when this is the case keep them dry, and prune the latter rather hard back. This plant flowers on the young wood, so there ialan advantage in hard pruning, as it gives longer wreaths of the. beautiful mauve bracts. There are plenty of winter- flowering stove climbers. To mention only a few, Jasminum Gracillimum is very sweet; Ipomcea Horsfalliffi is very bright, and Hexacentris Myso- rensis is very carious. The clusters of flowers are suspended on the ends of what appear to be long strings some distance below the plant. Liquid manure will be a help to Eucharis Lilies and Gar- denias. Things going to rest, such as Caladiums, Gloxinias, Achimenes, and Gesneraswill require to be dried off gradually. A little weak liquid manure- will be useful to Orchids showing flower. Vaporise to destroy insects. Even mealy-bug falls a victim to vaporised nicotine. ROSES UNDER GLASS. It is not difficult to force Roses when they have had the necessary preparation. The best Roses for ftowering.in autumn and up till Christmas are the plants grafted in spring and grown on freely during summer. Afterwards, the old-fashioned plants come in. This does away with the necessity for hard forcing. Plants grafted early in spring and shifted into 7in. pots will make very strong plants by the autumn, and be full of flower-buds. These will, of course, chiefly consist of Teas and Noisettes. They must be grown in a light house till they have had their final shift, and may then be placed outside for a few weeks, but not exposed to night winds. In windy districts they had better remain inside. EARLY PBACH HOUSE. Peach-trees which have been forced for several years are now in a condition for starting. Simply close the house without fire for the first week, giving air when the thermometer rises to 60deg. After the first week fires may be lighted, but until the buds swell to the bursting point the temperature should be from 40deg. to 45deg. at night, advancing to 50deg. when the first flower opens, and during the setting period 50deg. to 55deg. at night should insure a good set. To make sure of the blooms setting go over a few of the strongest of them with the camel's-hair pencil. Ten dozen Peaches is a good crop for a good- sized tree, and to fertilise that number of blossoms will not occupy much time. Must be done when the pollen is dry, about eleven o'clock in the forenoon. In bright weather a slight sprinkling with the syringe when the blossoms are expanded will often insure a good set. POT-VINES for early work may be top-dressed and got ready for the start on the first day of December or about that time; but unless the canes are strong and well ripened it is useless attempting to force them. Bend them down to insure the back eyes breaking freely. Sluggish Vines may be made to break by twisting the canes so that pressure is brought to bear upon the tissues right through to the roots. OUTDOOR GARDEN. The season is favourable for planting of all kinds, and as much of the work should be done before frost sets in as possible. There is always some little im- provement to be carried out in even small places. No place, if there is foom for trees and shrubs, is ever really complete. Very often unsuitable things are planted at the beginning in order to make a screen rapidly, and as the years roll round cutting out has to be done, and if not carried out at the right time the better things may be injured by overcrowding. The best plaated gardens and grounds have gradu- ally grown to their present position through a long course of years, little touches, by chang- ing the position of certain plants and adding others of striking character, being given from year to year. In a general way any changes which may be required are seen best when the leaves are on the trees. How charmingly the bright-leaved and bright-berried Hollies are brought out when the leaves have fallen from the leaf things. In cold districts it will be well to have some dry Brackea or something of a similar nature at hand ready to pro- tect anything of a tender nature. It is always advisable to shelter newly-planted things, especially as regards their roots. Keep the frost out of the ground, and the roots will be busy repairing damages all the winter. This is why late-planted Carnations and Pansies suffer so much during severe weather. Plant Lilies. FRUIT GARDEN. Late Vines in bad condition may have their roots lifted as soon as the Grapes can be cut. Sometimes this work is put off till spring, but the roots dry less now from exposure, and if the new borders are covered with corrugated iron or something to throw off heavy rains and snow, the soil will be ready for the roots to work into as soon as the foliage moves in spring. It is rather remarkable that the Vines make no root-growth till the buds burst and create a demand for support. Other fruit-trees work all winter, and Roses planted now will be a roMS of white fibres in a couple of months'time. In all these cases autumn planting must be a decided advantage- Strawberries, too, are' busy making roots now, and here again the advantage of early planting is easily per- ceptible. Those who wish to try raising Apple-trees from cuttings may plant suitable branohes firmly in a shady border and mulch with J 4° not think anyone has yet succeeded m stn*,nS fruit-tree cutting, with certainty. Cuttings of thcHOodhn type of Apple will strike easily, no lar8e.t^e cuttings may be, but the best those trees which make smooth JWR0 difficult to strike. But though cuttings mi- cult to strike, the young Gf own-root*! arise, may be obtained in the Peaches and other tender fruits » >tock seemB nece#" OMY.
AMERICAN HUMOUR.
AMERICAN HUMOUR. MRS. PKWAX U A penny for your thoughts, dear." Mr. Penman: "1 was just wondering why \he editor has refused to give me even that much for them." HOPKINS TheieW no reform about these bloomers the women are wearing." Brown: Why ?" Hopkins: I And it just as lard as ever to Bad my wife's pocket." On, pretty fad, so blithe and grand, Yoar rule is for a day; The world has jilted Trilby and Espoused the Rontgen ray. MR. WOODBIB PASSBOOKS (in railroad station at Poughkeepsie) Here,.you Wh«rt time does th« next train go to-JTew York?" Mike Be jabers 'tis jist gone, soV. SIIORTSON Sbyson, until now I have never felt obliged to ask you for a loan." Shyson And sfcrange to say, Shorts on, until now I have never felt obliged to refuse vou," MOST extraordinary man." In what way ?" I think he's the only man in the country who has a manufacturing plant of any description and hasn't begun to make bicycles," WRIGGLES: "Do you believe in spiritualism?" Waggies: Yes, I confess I do." Wiggles All right. Then you won't doubt the truth of this story that I'm going to tell you." How large were the diamonds ?" asked the Press agent, pausing in the writing of the account for publication. About as large as chestnuts," con- fessed the actress, unwittingly. THOUGH nature daubs with reckless grace In1 field and wood. without restraint One spring-time artist beats her pace- lis Woman with a pot of paint. GOT your new tandem ?" Yes." Tried it yet ?" Sh !—no we've quarrelled." JONES Good morning, Benson. How do you find business ?" Benson: By judicious advertis- ing." TIRED TATTERS: Yes, sir, pard, it pays ter be honest." Weary Waggles: "I know now why ye'r so durn poor." MOTHER: "When I was a little girl I never did things like that!" Ethel: "An' was your mamma better'n you were, too ?" Do you intend to take your wife with you to the seaside ?" No; she is all run down, and is not equal to the exactions of a vacation." BURROWS What is the best wheel on the market ?" Hills: "The best wheel is not on the market any more. I bought it myself two weeks ago." FRIEND Do you belong to the realistic or to the romantic school of literature ?" Young author: Neither. I am only in the kindergarten yet." "SPRING chicken," said the diner sad, I thought would be a toothsome thing, Until, alas, I found they had O'erlooked the fowl, and served the spring." On, had the power the giftie ge'en us, To see eursel's as ithers, see us; What awful sights we'd find we are; We're better ignorant by far. MRS. SCORCHER I thank heaven for one thing, at any rate." Mr. Scorcher: What's that?" Mrs. Scorcher "You can't say I don't ride a wheel like your mother used to." LUJIITY Miss Goldie, suppose a man abont my siae and age should ask you to marry him-" Miss Goldie: "Gracious, Mr. Lumpty! Do please intro- duce me to the man." WALLACE: Do you believe in signs?" Ferry: uSome. When you see a woman driving eouth and looking east, it is a pretty sure sign that she means to turn to the west at the first corner." I JUST can't understand it," said the cheerful idiot. Can't understand what ?" askid the new boarder. "Why bloomers, being undoubted!? plural, should make a woman look so singular." E'R man dat does manage oncefc in er great whilt- ter git somefin' foh nuffin," said Uncle Eben, "gine rally fin's out dat he's wuhked more its wuf h schemein' and dat 'tain' what he raiy ioantei nohow." -j I WONDER," said a member of a woman's associa- •' tion, why the report of the secretary is referred to its minutes?'" "I don't know," replied another. It always seems a great deal n>ore like Lo«« J How did Charlie getout of that scrape caused by I his knocking the old woman down with his wheel "Easily. He prqved that the woman, who was j walking on the sidewalk, had neither a bell nor a U lantern." I BENNY DICTUS: There is an article in to-day's 1 paper I should-like you to get my wife to read, but it is no use asking her." Sam Singleton I'H tell yor. how to do it. Cut the piece but and put it in you r pocket." i; BOGGS' old friend: "Great heavens, man Do find you reduced to playing a cornet on the street corner to make a living P" Boggs: I fcinJt doinp this to make a living. My wife won't let me practice in the house." MRS. SPINNER: "DO you think that Mrs; Tuttifrutti is honest ?" Mrs. Winner: Thoroughly Why, I've known her to get up of a cold night and go through her husband's pockets to get money t<* pay her soda-water man!" MAMMA: "I don't like the idea of that youns, Harris hanging aroung Jenny so muoh. He hasn't a I cent except his little salary." Papa: You needn't worry. They are both too bnsy talking about bicycles to have any time for love making." How do you pronounce f-i-a-n-c-e? inquired th" young man of his French teaeher. "If the younj; lady have plenty of money, then you call he t fe-ansay,' but it she be very poor, then you make i,1 fie-n-say nothing," replied the astute preceptor. EXPERT: Oh, any fool can ride a bicycW Dis- couraged Tyro And nobody but a fool would-ever try to ride one." • WHY, be yawned three times while I WRs talking to him." "Perhaps he wasn't yawning. He may j have been trying to say something." Miss DAINTY Go away, dirty tramp Restful Reddy (with dignity): "Madam, that ir a purely Miss DAINTY Go away, dirty tramp Restful Reddy (with dignity): "Madam, that is a purely superfluous imputation. We are all mere clay." ETHEL, did you really steal that etching from a borrowed book r Yes, I just had to-the curve of the chin and throat were so perfect." CLARA: Mr. Nicefello said my race was classic. What .,is ciawic r 'DOI'a: "Oh, most anything old." SCIENTISTS say now that handshaking conveys disease." "Of course; that's the way the grip got started." Miss FLORA (in a pair of stupendous sleeves): How do I look, Ned ? Ned (rapturously): You're simply unapproachable." "TIIOMAS told the mass meeting that he was a self-made man." "Very noble of him to take the whole blame on himself, wasn't it r' I'M sorry I stole the preserves, ma." Ah, your conscience is troubling you, is it ?" I don't know exactly. Where is my conscience, mp l YES," said the cornfed philosopher, it is not so difficult to get something for nothing, but when one gets it it is not worth the price." YOUE daughter has had a great many admirers.3 "Oh, yes; she puts nearly all her window curtains on the rods with her old engagement rings." GEN. Pou puss: "I am to speak at a banquet to- night, and I want you to write my speech for me." Scribble: What do yoa takd me for- a gasfittor ?" BY jove! I left my pocket-book under my pillow Oh, well, your servant is honeet, isn't she T' That's just it-she'll take it right up to my wife!" DASHAWAT I have an idea that Mrs. Hightoner bas asked me to dinner in order to ill up." Cleverton That's what we are all going for, oid man." THE SHERIFF You say that fellow who broke gaol left a message behindT The Keeper: Yen, air here it is on this paper: Excuse the liberty I take!' '• An old clergyman who formerly lived in a Now Hampshire town was remarkable for his eccentric modes of speech. His way of asking a blessing was so peculiar as to sometimes affect the risibles of his guests, although he apparently was entirely uncon- scious of this faot. Wnen he seated himself at the breakfast table, and saw spread upon it a meal greatly to his liking, he said: "Lord, we thank thee for this excellent breakfast of which we are to PIlI-, take." A more simple meal, bat one which he still regarded as comparatively satisfac- tory, would cause him to say: Lord, we thank thee for this good bttakfiMt .set before us." But when the minister's eye roamed over the table and saw there nothing whieh was especially to his taste, although the tone in which, he uttered his peti- tion was not lacking in fervour, hie sentiments wen clearly to be discovered. "Lord," he invariably said on these occasions, All our hearts with thank- fulness. we beseech thee, for this meal set before us; for with thee all things are possible."
ACROSS THE CAUCASUS.-
ACROSS THE CAUCASUS. The three World's Cycling Commissioners of Travel, Messrs. Fraser, Lunn, and Lowe, have just telegraphed announcing their safe arrival at Tiflis after an exceedingly interring ride across the Caucasus and some rather startling adventures in Southern Russia. For five days they made weary progress across the, Steppes of Soathern Russia, walking in the teeth of a bitter easterly gale for three out of the five days. At one Cossack village the refusal to pay twice for some food they had pasfcaken of led to their being carried off by a mob to the Chief of the Police, who fortunately decided in their favour, and sent a posse of Cossacks to prevent molestation until they they got beyond the village. The next afternoon they encountered a party of horse- men, whose animals took fright and started capering. The riders," say the cyclists, fuming with indignation, let loose all the Slavonic swear-words they could think of, in a torrent." By-and-by both Cossacks and cyclists came to close quarters, and a regular fight ensued. We should prcrtfcAly," say the cyclists, have had the worst of it bad the scrimmage continued. We were outnumbered. But we made our enemies understand that we were Aixjlichani and waved a passport in their f ices. That seemed to check their marauding ardour, and they gradually drew back." The telegram states' that the cyclists have left Tiflis and are now riding through Kurdistan to Teheran, en route for India.
DR. NAN SEN ON STIMULANTS.
DR. NAN SEN ON STIMULANTS. Dr. Nansen has (says a correspondent of the Echo), been expressing himself rather strongly against the use of stimulants and narcotics. In an interview which is published in a Belgian journal, he is re-' fiorted to have said that he took no intoxicating iquors with him in his recent expedition. His experience, he said, has led him to take a decided stand against the use of stimulants and narcotics of all kinds. It must be a sound principle at all times that a man should live in as natural and simple away as possible, and especially must this be the case when his life is a life involving severe exertion in an ex-i tremely cold climate. The idea that one gains by stimulating body and mind by artificial means, betrays, in his opinion, not only iguorance of the simplest physiological laws, but also a want of exj perience, or perhaps, a want of capacity to learn from experience by observation. It appeared to him obvious that one can get nothing in this life without paying for it in some way or other, and that artificial stimulants, even if they bad not the directly injurious effects which they undoubtedly hare, can produce nothing but a temporary excitement, followed by a corresponding reaction. Stimulants, with the exception of chocolate, which is mild in its effect and I at the same time nourishing, bring practically no nutritive substance into the body, and the energy which one obtains in anticipation by their use at one moment must be paid for by a corresponding exhaustion at the next. It may, no doubt, be advanced that there are occasions when a momentary supply of energy is neoeesary, but to this he would answer that he could not imagine such a state of things to arise in the course of a protracted sledge expedition, when on the contrary, as regular and steady work as possible is generally the main thing to be aimed at.
"ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS.*
"ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS.* While on business at Somerset House, London's great depository of wills and certificates, a few days ago a correspondent was taken down to the vaults where are kept the registers of births, marriages, and deaths of the nation, and was much struck by the way in which the word "condition in the printed form is interpreted by the rural clerics. One entry de- scribes the bridgegroorn's condition as very fat," "bachelor" being written in as a correction by a later curate, and the bride as very lean," spinster" being also supplied. Another entry signed by the vicar is hridgegroom "very tall," bride rather short." A third pair is described as respectable," with bachelor and spinster clumsily added. 'A fourth couple are said to be poor but respectable." In one entry the man is "a gentleman," and the iwonian 11 a lady." In another the man's condition is about 23," and the woman's about 18." Clearly j in tbfs connexion some of the rural clerics, at all events have still something to learn. j
I -!'_.___' now THE ARCHBISHOP…
I now THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY IS MADE. The Archbishop-elect has to take the oath of allegiance and the oath to comform to the rules and 4 !anons of the Church, and has to make the declara- tion against simony. The vicar-general gives sentence or act of confirmation, by which he commits to the archbishop-elect the care, government, and adminis- j tration of the spiritualities of the diocese, and decrees his enthronisation. From this time, says the Golden Penny, the archbishop has spiritual jurisdiction, but his temporal jurisdiction does not arise until after his consecration. After the act of confirmation a man- date is issued to the Archdeacon of Canterbury, who possesses the right of installation, to proceed to enthrone the arohbishop. I The consecration must ta^place on a Sunday or a holy day. In this case the~archbishop-elect, vested with his rachet, will, after the Nicene Creed, be pre- sented by two bishops to a bishop appointed by commission (the Metropolitan see being vacant), and then the Queen's mandate for consecration will be read. Before the actual act of consecration is per- < formed the archbishop-elect will assume the rest of his episcop&l habit. The consecration is followed by the ontbronisation. This is the, ordinary course followed in the creation of a bishop. During the vacancy of the archiepiscopal see, the spiritualities and licensing functions of the see and province are vested in the dean and chapter but the new-archbishop, upon sentence of confirma- tion and before con-ecration and enthronisation and restitution of temporalities, receives them from the dean and chapter, and can exercise them fully. DulÍng the vacation of the see the temporalities of I. the diocese rest in the Sovereign, who has a right to I all profits accruing until the new appointment. Living, also, that fall vacant during the period that the eeeis unfilled are in the gift of the Crown. The stamp duties payable on the making of an I archbishop are small. The letters patent bear a E30 stamp, as do the letters conveying the Royal assent to the dean and chapter's election, and the letters by which the restriction of the temporalities takea place-r- £ 90 in all. Other expenses, however, connected with the formalities amount to a consider- able sum. When once the Archbishop of Canterbmy is elected, his power in eceleiiiastial matters in this country is practically supreme. Impeachment in Parliament appears to be the only way in which he could be tried for committing an ecclesiastical offence. -.I.
THE ARCHDUCHESS MARIA DOROTHEA…
THE ARCHDUCHESS MARIA DOROTHEA OF AUSTRIA. A pretty story is told of the Archduchess Mari. Dorothea of Austria, the bride of the Duke of Orleans. The Archduchess, among other ac- complishments, is an excellent musician, and haS studied the art very deeply. The head of a band of Tzigane musicians was complaining to the Archduke Joseph, father of the young lady, that patronage was slow for the men of his profession on account of the lack of new compositions in the Tzigane language. The Archduke, laughing; asked his daughter to write a piece for the poor, Tziganes. The young Princess composed a song, which the archduke sent to the bandmaster, who re- served all the rights to her piece. A few weeks late the bandmaster wrote to the archduke that the new; piece, entitled After the Rain, Sunshine," had proved a powerful success, and everyone wanted a jopy of it. Another piece composed by the young musician, A Royal Hymn of the Honveds," has likewise become very popular. It is true that the Archduke Joseph is colonel of the Honved regiment, and that this may have contributed to the success of the latter piece among the officers and soldiers of the regiment, though only their intrinsic merit would account for the popularity of both pieces among the Hungarian masses. The arduchess has, it will be seen, proved a boon and a blessing to her country- men. |
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WILLIE WISSTSIDZ: "And what, in your opinion, is the best test of a gentleman, Miss Ware?" Dellai Ware: The man who, when he meets a lady bicyclist in bloomers and red stockings clocked with yellow, won't turn round and stare at her." No, thank you, I've got some money of my own," said little Tommy, politely, as the contribution plate passed in front of him on the occasion ')f his first visit to cbur-b. »
A MILLINER BURNED TO DEATIL,
A MILLINER BURNED TO DEATIL, A serious fire occurred on the Light of Novembei 21 in Huddersfield. An assistant in a draper's shop, owned by Mr. Thomas Melot, was lowering a blind when it caught a gas jet, and in a very snort time the entire front of the shop was in flames. Mist Jackson, one of the assistants, got out of a first floor window and stood on the cornice over the burning shop. She was rescued after suffering severe burns on the hands and face. It was thought that she was the last to escape, but an hour later, on inquiries being made, Miss Jackson remembered seeing a Miss Wells in a room when she escaped. It was then too late to do anything beyond getting the fire under, which was not done till after midnight. On searching the ruing nert day the charred remains of Miss Wells were dis- covered. She was a milliner, aged 30. The damage amounts to between E8000 and £9000. Only recently Miss Wells lost her father, and she was engaged to be married shortly.
FAMOUS DOCTOR DEAD.
FAMOUS DOCTOR DEAD. MR BENJAMIN WARD RICHARDSON DIES SUDDENLY. We regret to announce that Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson, the eminent physician, died suddenly at his residence in London, on November 21. Only two days had elapsed since he was in harness at a meeting in the City, and later he revised the last proofs of his new work, Memories and Ideas." His was seized later by an apoplectic fit, and was found in an unconscious condition by his son. Some hopes of his recovery were at first entertained, but he never recovered consciousness, and passed away quietly at last. In Sir Benjemin Ward Richardcon England loses a scientist who justly deserves the title of "one of the grand old men of the century. He, perhaps, might have achieved greater fame had he concen- • trated his wonderful energies in one direction, but wherever there was a path of publio service open before him, that path he fol- lowed. Was it a question of the painless kill- ing of animals, a lethal chamber was devised in which without pain or even consciousness the poor brute would pass from life to death. Were sanitary questions raised, Dr. Richardson must give up his time to thoroughly investigate the matter of the spreading of contagious diseases through the neglect of Nature's law. By his researches in this direction he discovered the comDlOn denominator for these poison germs—" Septine." His two cardinal prinoiples were belief in the re- cuperative powers of Nature, if left to herself, and the avoiding, as far as possible, the inflicting of pain. Though an accomplished surgeon, he would therefore thoroughly test the resources of drugs rather than use the knife." It was this which led him as far back as 1886, to adopt the ether spray for locally driving away pain, whilst later on he used methylene bichloride to produce aniesthesia; to him also is due the discovery that nitrate of amyl would restrain and eontrol tetanus and similar spasmodic affections. His constant sermon, and one which he not only preached by precept but also by practice, was "Live as Nature intends you to live." With this idea he encouraged all kinds of athletics, and was himself an active cyclist, having purchased a tricycle as far back as 1877, wilát he further showed his devotion to that sport'by becoming president of the Society of Cyclists. He set forth his views as regards judicious he was very firm on the point that they must be judicious-athletics as follows: I urge all young men and women to cultivate true ■ports. To walk, to dance, to row, to swim, to ride, to cycle, to play cricket, tennis, croquet, racquots, golf, feowls, skittles, baseball, gymnastics—every game, m fact, that can be mentioned and that gives health. Variety is good, but," he went on, let each sport carry its rider, not run away with him." The wonderful Sanitary city Hygeia, Utopian j though it was, the plans of which he sketched before the Social Science p Congress at Brighton in 1875, contained ideas many of which .have already been adopted, and most of which would unquestionably < tend to materially influence the public health for the I better. u Dr. Wiobardson, who was knighted in 1893, was a prolific writer, not only on subjects connected with his own profession, but also in the realm of fiction, his most noteworthy work in this direction being The Son of a Star: a Romance of the Second Century," He was the founder of the Journal oj Public Health, of which paper he remained editor for some years, aiqi,,60 oqbl-equently originated the Social Science Review, together with the quarterly Aselepiad, in which he published the results of his own and other eminent physicians' original researches. I He yas, Ap..ardent' odvocate of temperance, and,! from 1871. &0 1874 devoted a very considerable por- tion of his time to the study of the effect of alcohol on the human system. The conclusions he arrived at he gave in the Cantor series of lectures before the Society of Arts in 1874-75. The veteran scientist received in the course of his Career many recognitions of his humanitarian aims and his high achievements. Honorary degrees were conferred upon him by several universities, he had held the position of president of the Medial Society of London, and had been elected 32 times president of the St. Andrews Medical Graduates' Association, whilst he was honorary physician to the Royal Literary Fund and the Newspaper Press Fund. Sir Benjamin, who was born at Somerby, in Leicestershire, was in his 68th year. He leaves a widow and three children, two sons and a daughter. One of his sens is a solicitor, and the other an artist.
THE CANCER" CURER."
THE CANCER" CURER." "Dr." John Ferdinand, the "cancer curer," was brought up in custody on remand at the South- western Police-court, in London, on November 21, when the charge of perjury originally preferred against prisoner and temporarily abandoned was pro- ceeded with. Charles Phillips, a baker, of Walton, Somerset, stated that from 1864 to 1870 he was a baker at Ashcott, in Somerset. He knew a man named Albert Woodland, a plumber and glazier. He last saw Woodland in 1870, and from 1864 down to 1870 Woodland never left the village of Ashcott except for a few weeks. Latterly Woodland took to quack doctoring. He recognised the prisoner in the dock as the same man. Police-sergeant Hucker, C.O., 15, who in 1869 was a farm labourer at Chapwick, the next village to Ashcott, also identified the prisoner as Albert Woodland, the plumber and glazier. Mr. Francis further remanded the prisoner.
ALLEGED DYNAMITE PLOT.
ALLEGED DYNAMITE PLOT. The case against Edward James Ivory, or Bell," who is charged with conspiring with others to com- mit dynamite outrages in the United Kingdom, was finally disposed of, so far as the magisterial hearing is concerned, at Bow-street Police-court on the 20th inst. before Mr. Vaughan, when prisoner was com- mitted to take his trial at the next assizes. It was understood last week that the prosecution had no further evidence to offer, that the bringing I forward of the Government spy J ones" was, practioally, the climax to their story. The only object intended to be served by a remand for another week appeared to be that of avoiding prisoner's appearance at the present assizes, another week's delay enabling the prosecution to postpone the indictment to the December sitting at the Old Bailey. Mr. Carson has been retained to defend prisoner at the Criminal Court.
TAME DEER HUNTING.
TAME DEER HUNTING. A letter signed by the Archbishop-Designate of Canterbury, the Bishops of Durham .and Hereford, the Dean of Winchester, Mr. Justin McCarthy, M.P., the Headmaster of Rngby, Lord Coleridge, Q.C.,and other leading men, has been sent to Lord Salisbury, expressing deep regret that another season's hunting of tame deer has been inaugurated by her Majesty's Buckhounds. The signatories again appeal to her Majesty's Ministers to abolish the establishment, or concert it into a rational drag hunt, declaring that the present pastime is the reverse of creditable, and calculated to cfceek the growth of humane feeling in all who witness it..
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THIS season's tea exportations from Japan have been only about half those of last year. LORD and Lady Barnard have been entertaining a large party, including the Bishop of Durham, at Kaby Castle, their splendid old seat near Darlington. THE Marquis of Waterford is spending his leave between Woodroofe and Curraghmore, and has been hunting regularly with the Tipperary Hounds. A TFLEGRAI.1 from Mexico states that bandits in Chihuahua have killed an Englishman named John McEwets, and robbed him of 2000|dols. ASECOXK International Art Exhibition will be held in the city of Venice from 22nd of April to 31st of October. T897.
LIBERAL PROGRAMMB.
LIBERAL PROGRAMMB. FOUR KKDERATION RESOLUTIONS The resolutions which will be submitted onbeh«u of the executive to the General Committee of th! National Liberal Federation at Liverpool on wlS? nesdav, December 16, have been circulated lt ,Tw be proposed that Air. Edward Evans, iUn 'pr«Ri, £ U: of the Liverpool Liberal Federal Council k! elected chairman of the committee for the en«,i^ year. On the subject of Armenia this resolution will K« submitted: °G' That this committee, fully recognising the nar* mount importance of joint action of the PowerTni Europe for the better government of the Turkiulf Empire, and the protection of its Christian subier £ are to be secured, expresses its profound regret tW the attempts which have been made up to the present time to bring about such action have been so barrewa of good result. The committee notes with satis- faction the abandonment by Lord Salisbury 0* the false pol.cy which he and Lord Bea«mJ; fieid adopted of supporting the Qfeirfcisb Empire, and of assuming a necessary anta~ gonism between Great Britain and Russia. But, the committee places on record its belief that th» nation will not hold the Government free of euil? unless it proves beyond question that every effort h—• been made, and is still being made, to give effect t<* the views which the country has expressed at public meetings marked by such spontaneity and absence of party feeling.' WI- On the subject of education the Executive propose "That this committee urges upon the Liberal Associations of the country the duty of again resisting to the uttermost any attempt which the present Government may make to revive sectarian con- troversy and religious inequality under the guise of educational reform, and of insisting that all elemen- tary schools, whether board or voluntary, shall be treated alike in any further grants of money from, the. State, that the provision of public money for educational purposes shall be accompanied by 8Q adsquate measure of local representative control that nothing shall be permitted to injure the School Board system, which has worked for 25 years with conspicuous success and that further grants to the voluntary schools shall be accompanied by some guarantee that the money will be expended in promoting efficiency and raising the standurd of education, and not in relieving the subscribers to those schools of their present financial obligations. The committee further reirerates its opinion that the demands of the teachers in voluntary schools for relief from compulsory extraneous duties and for reasonable security of tenure ought to be granted." A final resolution on the subject of organisation urges upon all Liberals the imperative duty of doing everything in their power by perfecting the organi- sation of the constituencies, and by promoting the political education of the electorate to resist any pernicious and retrograde measures whi ch the present. Government may Submit to Parliament.
EDUCATION QUESTION.
EDUCATION QUESTION. LETTER PPONI LORD SALISKURV. The Local Taxation Committee have addressed a letter to Lord Salisbury stating that they have had under consideration the proposal made in the Education Bill of last session (Section 2, sub-sec- tion 2b) whereby the "residue" under Section 1 of the Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) .Ac.t 1890, was in each county to have been administered through the Education Com- mittee of the county, and be applied by them for educational purposes other than the provision or maintenance of elementary schools, 'TH^' committee expressed the hope that in any measure which might hereafter be submitted to Parliament, the claim of the ratepayers to the unfettered disposal of the residue would be fully recognised. To this communication Lord Salisbury has-sent a reply stating that he will, in conjunction with his colleagues, give the matter careful consideration.
A STORY OF CANNIBALISE
A STORY OF CANNIBALISE The mail steamer Alameda, which has arrifed at San Francisco from Sydney, reports that the revenue cutter Lily Rock was sent by the New South Wales Government to learn the fate of a party of 11 miners, who had been working on the Solomon Islands. The cutter found they had been killed and eaten by the natives. She cruised about the islands for some days before the crew learned a trace of the men, and then a native was caught who had been the guide of the miners. He alleged that the party had been drowned from a whaleboat. The captain of t}?e,, cutter doubted the accuracy of this story, and goin? ashore with an armed force instituted a seareh, and found the missing miners' rifles and revolvers con- cealed in a native village. They recognised the arms as the property of the miners, and as the weapons showed no sign of having been in the water the captain forced the natives to admit the truth. They then confessed that the miners were captured, and held prisoners for several weeks, while they were fattened and until the entire tribe assembled. Then, on a special day, the miners were killed. So, wre battered with clubs, and others put into baking pite and roasted alive, the murder being made the occa- sion of a grand feast. Six of the miners were Eng- lish and five were Australians. J.:Iot,w
FATAL FIRE IN LONDON.
FATAL FIRE IN LONDON. A fire occurred in a house in Dorset-street, Portman-square, in the West-end of London, early on the morning of Monday, by which four lives wer0l lost. The house was let in furnished lodgings, and 12 persons were sleeping on the premises on Sunday night. About one o'clock on Monday morning the landlady was roused by the cry of Fire!" and ran upstairs to the room occupied by Miss Jane Smith, where the fire had originated- She burst open the door, and the current of air caused by the street door being left open by those who escaped placed those in the upper rooms in great peril. The- firemen were not long in subduing the flames, and then a search led to the discovery of the remains of three elderly women. A fourth victim, a young- woman, who leaped from a front window, sustained injuries from which she died a few hours later.
,....-THE KAISER'S LATEST.
THE KAISER'S LATEST. The Kaiser has been paying a curious complinient to the members of the British Embassy. Afw the dinner at Berlin on Saturday in celebration eel the Emperor Frederick's birthday a comedy was played, and at the end of the performance the Emperor said to Dr. Prasch, the manager of the company I congratulate you on your extraordinary success this evening with yonr artists. Those ladies and gentlemen-as for bo stance the members of the British Embassy—Tw have not quite mastered the German language, have, as well as the rest of the audience, enjoyed the selves as greatly as 1. You will deem it a special honour to have performed with the members of your company in this beautiful hall, which was built by Frederick the Great, and which, from an artisti point of view, is also of great historical interest.
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THE promoters or the successful music exbibitio of 1895 and 1896 announce their intention opening a furnishing trades exhibition at the Agn cultural Hall at Islington in April. SIR J. BLUNDBLII MAPLE, M.P., intends session to introduce a bill enfranchising shop agoint- ants and others, of a given position, who reside on Dremises connected with their employment. TnE progress of the fancy in dogs is marked iø an especial way this year by the establishment of an annual Chow Chow Show," which will be held the auspices of the Chow Chow Club, at minster, from December 8 to 10 next. A. £ e<5af £ ago the chow," as he is familiarly called, wasn*r<* ? known, but now he is one of the most fashionable^ dogs. Unlike some popular pets, he well deserves the honour, being a beautiful and lovable beast. China only black chows are esteemed but I taste is less fastidious, for with us the reds browns are almostjequally cherished and browns are almostjequally cherished and whstsve" I the colour, the dog, with his splendid fur 8D quaintly wise face, makes a charming pet. Miss FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE is a national hero' She has probably caused nearly as many girlis to I engage in the noble calling of nursing as Robin Crusoe has sent boys to sea. But the deeds she did and the good she accomplished belong so entirely events that have been relegated to the donaa'P history, that the world for the most part regards as an historical figure, and forgets that she m living among us. xet the other day, when 56 op the 72 survivors of Balaclava met around » table at Birmingham, a telegram arrived express heartfelt sympathy to the veterans, signed Floreow Ki^hting*