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OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.I
OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT. Wars and rumours of wars have so disturbod the political atmosphere of Europe during the last ten days or a fortnight that quiet folk have rubbed their eyes with amaze—and some have felt their pockets with regret. For that subtle barometer of rumour, the Stock Exchange, has been largely, and perhaps designedly, affected by the scare and in the general fall of prices which for a day or two marked the Bourses, many innocent people suffered. The tendency towards panic commenced with the receipt of 6he news that the Czar was seriously, if not dangerously, ill; then comes the intelligence ;hat M. Decrais, the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom, had suddenly resigned his post; hard at the heels followed an erroneous report that France had declared a blockade of Madagascar; and it was known that matters between China and Japan were approaching ou crisis of a peculiarly acute kind. When, on the top of all this, news was flashed, not only over this country but throughout the world, that a Cabinet Council had been called, though one in the ordinary course of things was not to be held for weeks, the ten- dency towards panic was accentuated, and for twenty-four hours all seemed unsteadiness. Time has since been given to recover from the shake, but the fact that a panic could so easily be set afoot and so widely believed in has left an unpleasant feeling behind, which it will take some period to allay. 5u iiltle is known personally of the Czar in this country that the news of his serious illness has not impressed the public imagina- tion to the extent that might have been antici- pated. He has visited London, of course, on i various occasions, but never since he succeeded i to the perilous throne of All the Russias and lyet at one period, now not far from thirty years |ago, he excited special interest in England Ibecause of the singular and even romantic cir- becausø of the E;ingular and even romaltic cir- cumstances attendant upon his marriage with a younger sister of the Princess of Wales. Most people have probably by this time forgotten that that lady was first engaged to the present Czar's eldest brother, the then Czarewitch, and that when that Prince died before marriage he expressed a wish that those who to-day are Czar and Czarina should become united. The case was nearly parallel, in fact, with that of the Duke and Duchess of York, and the same happy result followed. The Czarina is known. to be devoted to her husband—so much so, in fact, that her nerves have been well-nigh shattered with anxiety for his safety. She has never recovered from the shock of the so-called accident" on the railway at Borki, which was in reality a Nihilist attempt of special daring, when, with her husband and children, she had suddenly to escape from the wrecked train to the neighbouring steppe, not knowing but that the next moment might be their last. It is no wonder, in such circum- stances, that the Czar should in talk with his nieces, the young Princesses of Wales, have compared their happy English home with what z!1 he called his Russian prison. No surprise will be felt at the news that it is being seriously contemplated at Court, as a result of the recent untoward event during the progress of the Duke and Duchess of York at Leeds, to have the Royal carriages so con- structed that there shall be no chance for madman or malefactor to mount the step. Such a change has been made in France since the assassination of President Carnot, for the landau in which President Perier now rides is not only higher than its predecessor, but the step so folds up after the carriage has been entered by its legitimate occupants that no one can get upon it. The precaution is a simple one, and yet, if it had been adopted at Lyons last June, a historic tragedy might have been prevented, while much annoyance would have been saved if it had been used at Leeds last week. It is not sufficient to say that in this country there is no chance of assassination; there is always a chance as long as there are madmen in the world, and it is only right to take every reasonable precaution against it. y t, Now that the Lord Mayor-elect has been decided upon, and Sir Joseph Renals has been nominated by the Livery and approved by the Court of Aldermen, the thoughts of a good many in the City are turned towards the ar- rangement for the customary pageant on November 9, known as the Lord Mayor's Show. As Aldersgate is Alderman Renal's ward, and as it is usual for the incoming Lord Mayor's ward to make the most striking display, it has taken the lead this week in settling the prelimi- naries for the decoration of such of its streets as the procession will pass through, and it would seem as if this will be of a striking character. But beyond Aldersgate there is movement to be noted, for a desire has been expressed that the City Guilds, or at least a majority of them, should take a prominent part in the procession. If they consent to do so, the pageant will cer- tainly contain elements of a more than usually interesting character, and the display would this year be all the more appropriate because of the marked manner in which certain of the privileges of those Guilds are referred to in the recently-issued report of the Royal Commission j on the Unification of London. A few years ago, whenever there was a dis- A few years ago, whenever there was a dis- astrous railway z, catastrophe, a grim jest was accustomed to be made to the effect that such accidents would not be prevented until a director was compelled to ride in every train. After the experience of the latest collision of the East Coast Scotch express, this theory will scarcely again be advanced, for that train car- ried not only a railway director but two Cabinet Ministers, while the most obvious moral it seemed to teach was that it was no use having even such influential personages on board if mineral trains are allowed to shunt in a fog immediately in front of a fast express. There is another lesson, however, and that is that the safest train in which to travel is that which is provided with one or more Pullman cars. The wheel-frame upon which these rest is so heavy and substantial that it will withstand almost any impact; and a collision which" telescopes even the stoutest railway carriage of ordinary build fails to smash a Pullman. This has been proved in more than one accident of the last twenty years, and never more conspicuously than in the collision near Northallerton. Those commercial men who are straining their eyes for every sign that appears to indicate an improvement in trade are deriving a little satisfaction this week from the latest official return of the number of receiving orders made in the High Court and the several county- courts having bankruptcy jurisdiction in Eng- land and Wales. For the quarter just ended, there were one thousand and sixty of such orders, as against one thousand two hundred and thirty in the corresponding three months of last year, and one thousand one hundred and fifteen in those of 1892; and so far the figures are encouraging. But, if the first nine months of this year be taken, they are not quite so good, for, while they show a slight-a very slight-improvement on last year, they are not to be favourably com- pared with 1892. The fact that there has been an improving tendency during the past three months, is, however, so much to the good, for it is another added to various symptoms in proof that things are not quite so bad as they were a twelvemonth since, and that we may look for a better winter. This is particularly the case in certain of the textile industries, and in one branch the prospects are so bright that there is even some talk of there not being hands enough to do the work that will be required-an idea which, if realised, will decidedly be a novelty in the English trade of late years. What is called the 11 legitimate" athletic season having closed a week earlier, the cross- country season of 1894-95 opened last Satur- day. A number of harrier packs" were accordingly out in the neighbourhood of the metropolis in pursuit of their favourite pastime, but it was largely a practising afternoon, the slow, fast, and veteran diversions of various of the leading clubs being respectively paced by their best men for the occasion. The sport of paper chasing will accordingly speedily once more be in full swing, and great is the promised enjoyment. No small amount of pluck and endurance is demanded from a young fellow who wishes to distinguish himself among the leading metropolitan clubs, and as a test of these qualities cross-country chasing may be recommended. Like all pas- times, it has the danger of being occasionally overdone; but the lover of athletics, while admitting this for every sport, will contend that running, in any case, possesses no elemeIt of brutality, and that is a point very distinctly in its favour. R.
TRADE IN SEPTEMBER.
TRADE IN SEPTEMBER. There are several factors to be taken into considera- tion in comparing the Trade and Navigation returns for September with last year's corresponding figures. In the first place, there were five Sundays in the past month against four in September of last year. Then the 1893 returns were affected by the great English coal strike, while this year allowance has to be made I for the effects of the Scotch coal strike. The American I tariff only came into force on the 28th of August, so that there has not been much time for British manu- facturers to secure the advantages opened by the lower duties. The imports for September were valved at 430,249,136, a decrease of £1,129,694, or 3'6 per cent., mainly owing to the lighter cargoes of duty free articles of food, such as wheat meal, flour, barley, maize, and sugar, the total of the last-named article having been exceptionally heavy in September of last year. In the exports, valued at £ 17,599,320, there is a falling off of 9834,809, or 45 per cent. mainly under the heads of yarns and textile fabrics, metals, machinery, and mill work. Coal, which has shown a steady increase during the year on the shipments of last year, marks a further rise of Y.176,000, making a total gain of £ 2,639,000 for the nine months. Taking the aggregate returns for the nine months there is an increase of E7,482,420, or 2'5 per cent., in the value of the imports, more than one-half of which is due to the heavier arrivals of cotton, the require- ments in the early months of 1893 being seriously cur- tailed by the long strike in the Manchester district. In the exports there is a decrease of 43,931,050, or 2'4 per cent., of which 0,116,484 is under the head of metals, mainly iron, and articles manufactured therefrom, and 1:1,742,593 in articles not classified. The increase of E2,306,377 in raw materials is entirely due to the heavier shipments of coal. The aggregate value of the imports and exports for the past nine months and corresponding figures of the three pre- vious years are shown below Nine Months. Imports. Exports. 1894 E304,671,000 2161,462,000 1893 297,189,000 165,393,000 1892 312,474,000 170,481,000 1891 311,778,000 187,475,000 A large portion of the decrease indicated in the above figures is due rather to reductions in pricaa than to diminished shipments.
QUEER EFFECTS OF FESTIVITY.
QUEER EFFECTS OF FESTIVITY. Festivity, or perhaps too free indulgence in one of its usual concomitants, led to somewhat awkward results in two reported instances. At Newry a bridal party was on the way to church when the bride and the bridegroom's sister fell out. The difference proved so serious that the bleeding combatants had at last to be separated by a policeman, while the wedding was indefinitely postponed. At Edinburgh two men, whose hilarity was heightened by whisky, ran up a common stair," and stamped about an unoccupied attic until the floor gave way, and one of them disap- peared through the ceiling, to fall upon th ad of a sleeper in the room below.
DEATH OF FODI SILAH.
DEATH OF FODI SILAH. A Dalziei despatch from Bordeaux states that tha mail steamer from Senegal, which arrived on Sunday morning, brought the announcement that Fodi Silah died at Sakh on September 19. Fodi Silah was the chief who for a long time dominated Combe, and defeated a column which left St. Marie (Bathurst) for the purpose of bringing Combe under British protection, and which was placed within the zone of English inufluence by the Anglo-French arrangement of 1889. He was beaten, however, shortly after- wards by the column sent from Sierra Leone, and to escape falling into the hands of the English, crossed the French frontier and gave himself up as a prisoner to the Administrator of Caramance.
"ZULU" POTATOES.
"ZULU" POTATOES. At Fyvie Castle a black potato called the "Zwlu" has been grown. It gives a mauve stain when cut, but is black when boiled, and it is very good to eat, though not nice to look at. It is said to be trouble- some to dig, as it grows further down than other potatoes. The stalks are dark, the leaves green, and the flowers white.
THE "COMMON GOOD."
THE "COMMON GOOD." The City of Glasgow has a civic fund under the name of the Common Good." Its objects are in- dicated by the heads of accounts just published: Expenditure on heritable subjects, subscriptions to various objects, celebration of Duke of York's marriage, two presentations of freedom of City, portrait of ex-Lord Provost Sir John Muir, Burt., and presentation expenses, visit of Commercial Travellers' Association, &c., bust of late Mr. Carrick, City Chamberlain's statistics, funerals of prominent citizens, Parliamentary expenses." Very comprehen- sive, certainly.
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CANON AINGER has invented a new name for the productions of the minor poets. Lecturing at Bristol recently, he asked how much of the poetical produc- tions of the present day would stand out as true poetry, and how much as mere confectionery "-a purely mimetic effusion destined to perish with or even before its author. Mere confectioneryseem3 a happy phrase. It is to be regretted that the venerable canon did not, according to the report which reaches us, attempt to answer his own ques- tion but evidently he has not a great idea of our minor poets, for the burden of his address seems to have been an attack on the critics of the day for their misplaced adulation of the products of our poet icules. A MOST remarkable lake deposit has been found by Dr. Scudder in the locality of Florissant, which evi- dently belongs to the geological age called the Oli- geoni, and which contains a most extraordinary abundance and variety of insects' remains, preserved in a most admirable condition. He states that he has collected several hundred species there, and in a very considerable number of them, representing various species, the venation of the wings is completely re- presented with all their most delicate markings, and also the slender and fragile legs, with their clothing of hair and spurs, and to some extent the antenna and palpi as well. Even the facets of the compound eye are often preserved as in life.
NEWS NOTES. -
NEWS NOTES. ALTHOUGH his Imperial Majesty the Czar of All the Russias appears, sad to say, to be afflicted with an incurable and very painful malady, latest advices concerning his health are of a reassuring character, and we are bidden to believe that there are no grounds for any- thing like immediate anxiety. It is hoped that constant care and wintering in a kindlier clime than even the Czar's vast domain can afford will alleviate the condition of the august sufferor. How the mighty potentate must envy the rude health of so many thousands of his poorest subjects! So true ii is that a kingly crown cannot ensure its wearer against the ills that mortal flesh is heir to. The Czar's ailment makes him terribly depressed at times, and gives great grief to the Imperial family whose affectionate attachment to him is touching in the extreme. If there be truth in the old adage that they who most closely know a man know him best," then must the Russian Emperor's personality be a peculiarly lovable one, for he is a great favourite with all his intimates, whatever be their rank. Nihilism would have no chance of striking a blow at despotism in the person of the present Czar did its desperate devotees but really know the simplicity and tenderness of his heart and the intense human sympathies which govern his life, at home and in the affairs of State. Gigantic of frame and frank of manner as strong of will, he is a gentler autocrat than any Muscovite history can recall. He has made much mark in the annals of the land he loves, and whose difficult rule he has main- tained so well. HER MAJESTY'S Government have very pro- perly taken the needful measures for the safe- guarding of the lives and properties of the Queen's subjects during the continuance of hostilities in the Far East. It would be a food thing if a general concerted move were made by all the European Powers who possess any in- fluence with either China or Japan to the end of conciliating the combatants and bringing an end to a campaign which may-if not speedily arrested—have terrible consequences. The money which the war has already cost-not to speak of the awful bloodshed occasioned- might,if peacefully applied, have gone farto better the condition of Oriental humanity. Sometimes, however, the drastic medicine of military carnage has to be employed to eradicate the evils which follow on corrupt rule and the supineness of tyranny.' This quarrel concerning Corea with Japan may be the beginning for China of the better things which the Marquis Tseng foresaw and spoke of some seven years ago in his re- markable work, The Sleep and the Awaken- ing." Let us hope so. The Celestials, with all their wondrous past, have, so to speak, got left behind by Japan in many things which make for progress in the world's race-many things beyond a mere matter of armament we mean. It will be well if the present upheaval should arouse them. TIME was when a man made his will and bade farewell to all his friends before undertaking a railway journey. Though we have changed all that, there area few stay-at-home people who are still timorous concerning the dangers of the rail. For the comfort of all such it has been computed that the constant traveller might, by the law of averages, live to the ago of Methu- ( selah ere he had even personal experience of a railway smash. Then again, the security enjoyed by passengers on English railways, as shown by recent statistics, compares most favourably with other countries. One pas- senger only is killed for every twenty-eight millions carried. In France one is killed for every nineteen millions, in Germany one for every ten millions, in Italy one for every six millions, in the United States one for every two to three millions, and in Russia one for every million. In the latter country, in 1890, the number of passengers carried was forty-six millions, of whom twenty-eight were killed and one hundred and three injured. In 1892 the proportion was still higher. Out of forty-eight millions of passengers carried during that year, fifty-one were killed and one hun- dred and fifty-two injured. Apropos, Mr. Mellor, the Chairman of Com- mittees in the Commons-who was recently in imminent peril on the rail-and Lord Tweed- mouth, Mr. Arnold Morley, and Mr. Barry, the representative of Windsor-who were in the latest Scotch express smash-are not the only living Parliamentarians who have had narrow escapes from death by railway accident. Lord George Hamilton, M.P., the First Lord of the Admiralty in the late Government, was with his mother, the Dowager Duchess of Abercorn, in the Irish mail on the occasion of the dreadful collision at Abergele, North Wales, in 1868, when about thirty persons, in- cluding Lord Farnham, Sir N. Chinnery, and I Judge Berwick lost their lives. It is some- what singular that Mr. Mellor, who has had so providential an escape, should have been a can- didate for the Bassetlaw Division in December, 1890, on a vacancy created by the death of Mr. William Beckett, who was literally cut to pieces while crossing a railway line. Railway accidents have proved fatal to several members of Parliament. Mr. William Huskisson, a Cabinet Minister, was killed in the presence of the Duke of Wellington at the opening of the line between Liverpool and Manchester. Sir Francis Henry Goldsmid, Q.C., M.P., lost his life at Waterloo Station in 1878, and early in the present year Mr. Theobald, the member for the Romford Divi- sion of Essex, died from injuries received by attempting to enter a train when in motion. Then the cases of Lord Colville-who was in the Thirsk Scotch express accident nearly 20 years ago-and Lord Hindlip-who had a narrow squeak last week near Northallerton— must not be forgotten. IN a significant little speech to the Conway boys Earl Spencer explained the other day a small reform which may (as the Daily Graphic points out) be followed by most important con- sequences. Hitherto the two great schools for officers of the mercantile marine, the Conway and the Worcester, have only been brought into direct contact with the Royal Navy by the annual assignment of one naval cadetship to each ship. Five additional cadetships are now thrown open to the joint competition of the two ships. In itself the increase is not very great, but it points distinctly towards a closer communion in the future between the officers of the navy and the officers of the mercantile marine, and the First Lord of the Admiralty was careful to point out I that this would be promoted by the new cadetships. In further explanation he rather strongly dwelt on the need of increasing the supply of officers in the navy. That need must be sore, indeed, if, as Lord Spencer seems to imply, the loss of the officers who went down with the Victoria has made a hole that it is difficult to fill. There will be larger holes than this to fill up should the country, to its mis- fortune, ever be plunged into a European war. Let us then look well to the future, and pru- dently prepare to meet contingencies. THE remedy for diphtheria, about which so much was said recently, may, as the Echo ob- serves, be said to be worse than the disease. I The two little patients treated with the serum at Vienna are not doing well. In both cases diphtheria has entirely disappeared, and other complications have arisen. Little Aoaa Bauzutfeuiiu who is alive four days after tha performance of tracheotomy, still suffers from catarrh of the lunss, and is very weak and feverish; but there is no trace of diphthena about her. In the larger three-year-old child, Fanny W alter, the diphtheritic appearances have quite given way, but the child is in high fever, and will probably have scarlet fever.
ROYAL VISIT TO LEEDS,
ROYAL VISIT TO LEEDS, The Duke and Duchess of York visited Leeds on th» 5fk inst. to open the new School of Medicine, erected, at a cost. of £ 40,000, in connection with the Yorkshire College, and also to inaugurate the new central hall and library which have been added to the college at a cost of £ 20,000. The Duke and Duchess, who had been the guests overnight of Mrs. Meynell Ingram at Temple Newsani, drove into Leeds in an open carriage, and when passing through the streets, which were profusely decorated, were greeted with great enthusiasm by large crowds of spectators. Proceeding to the Town Hall, they were presented with an illuminated address of welcome by the corporation, which the Duke suitafcly acknowledged. A procession was then foirinoa to the TOW buildings, where the ceremony of inauguration took place, and the Royal pair were afterwards entertained to luncheon at the Town Hall, returning to Temple Nqwsam in the afternoon. The day was observed in Leeds as a general holiday. During the procession of the Royal party a man broke out from the spectators and rushed up to the carriage containing the Duke and Duchess of York. With difficulty he was made to loosen his hold of the carriage door, and was several times struck over his hands with a sword by a lancer who was in close attendance. Great excitement prevailed at. the time, as it was thought an attack had been made on the Duke. This, however, was found to be incorrect, as the man only wished to shake hands with his Royal High- ness, who, it is said, offered his hand to him. The man was taken to the Town Hall, where it was ascer- tained that his name is William Thackrav, of Straw- berry-grove, Armley. He is of weak intellect, and has never followed any regular employment.
DUCK FARMING FOR PROFIT.
DUCK FARMING FOR PROFIT. Mr. Walsh, of Bourne Hall, near Fleetwood, whose 300-acre farm overlooks Morecambe Bay, has found what a Leeds contemporary says is a profitable source of income in duck farming. It is premised that the soil and atmosphere of Mr. Walsh's farm are moist. He breeds Aylesbury ducks, and hatches the eggs in incubators heated by oil lamps, regulating the heat by thermometer. In each of his eight incubators he places 100 to 120 eggs at one time the incubation takes about four weeks, and as 80 per cent. of the eggs are successfully hatched, the cost is about Id. an egg. In the spring ducklings are obtained which weigh about 51b. each, and in summer, when the birds are from four to six months old, they weigh 31b. more than the ordinary duek of age. When ready they are killed at noon, plucked and packed at once, and sent to Manchester, Liverpool, and other markets, the railway carrying them to their destina- tions the same evening. The cost is about Id. a bird, and the company provides the hampers. Mr. Walsh feeds his ducks chiefly on ground oats mixed with melted rough fat from the hatcheries at Blackpool; this food is given two or three times a day.
ATTACK ON THE LORDS.
ATTACK ON THE LORDS. A MINISTERIAL VIEW OF THE QUESTION. The memorial stone of a new Liberal club, which is to cost £ 5000, was laid at Hawick on Saturday, and speaking at a largely attended meeting in the evening, the Solicitor-General for Scotland said the Liberal party were getting tired of making the Lords quail, and were getting resolved on a course of action which would put an end to that trouble. The people having settled their judgments on great issues would not elect a Government and allow that Government to be blocked, even though the block should be a standing part of the Constitu- tion. Such a state of matters must come to an end. He could not by any words of his say what would be the shape of the attack made by the Liberal Govern- ment, but he could assure them that he for one was bound to say that he thought a Liberal Government's existence—aye, even the existence of Liberalism itself —was at stake unless they saw to it that that over- powering bias given to Toryism in the parliamentary institutions or tlits country was at once effectually removed. Sir John Hibbert, speaking at Oldham on Saturday evening, said foreign affairs were safer in the hands of Liberal than Ci ns rvative Ministers. They had had a scare this week respecting foreign affairs, and atocks fell because the Cabinet had been suddenly called together. If the Conservatives were in office there might be fear of danger, but now there was not the least danger, and they knew that the cause of the Cabinet meeting was only to take measures for the protection of English life and property in China, which was a very proper thing to do. The House of Lords was a difficult morsel for any Government to digest, and the Peers would never agree unless great pressure was put upon them by the people to sign their own death warrant. They should adopt a plan oPdoing away with their power of veto, and thereby prevent the Lords doing injury to the people of the country. He hoped that next session the Government would take steps to bring forward a resolution showing their opinion of the Lords.
FEMALE FORESTERS.
FEMALE FORESTERS. Believing that the principle of fellowship in sick insurance and in other ways is as good for women as I for men," a number of ladies at Ipswich have formed themselves into a Female Court of Foresters. The court is named "The Lady Evelyn Cobbold," after the name of a patroness. The Dowager Lady Tolle- mache is another patroness. Over 30 names of members were given in on the opening night last week.
THE ENGLISH POLAR EXPEDITION.
THE ENGLISH POLAR EXPEDITION. Mr. J. Russell Jeaffreson, who has recently re- toiled from Iceland by way of the Faroe Islands, brings favourable news of the outlook for the Jackson-Harmswortli Polar Expedition. He en- countered at Thorshaven a little walrus sloop I which had just arrived from a voynge to Nova Zemlia, and beard from the captain of that ship that the Windward had been met with on two occasions I —the first time near the Matotchkin Sehar, Nova Zemlia, when she was among some heavy ice I and the second time in lat. 75'45 N. and longitude i, 44 E., when she was steaming north in a fine open i lead with no visible termination. Her position off Matotchkin Sehar about the middle of August, and in that portion of the Barent's Sea where the ice is known to be least formidable towards the end of that month, entirely corresponds with Mr. Jackson's plans.
THE BUTCHER'S BOY AND THEII…
THE BUTCHER'S BOY AND THE II PRINCE. The gallant officers of a certain regiment, says the London correspondent of the Manchester Evening News, have a good story to tell, over which they have been chuckling at mess for the last few days. Quito recently their Colonel-in-Chief, Field Marshal the I Prince of Wales, walked with them to church parade on Sunday, and it occurred to the acting chaplain that the opportunity would be a suitable one for securing an historic portrait of the regiment in full dress. Opposite the doors of the garrison church there is a soldiers' home, and his first endeavour naturally was to arrange with the management to permit a window of the home to be placed at the disposal of the Court photographer. But the soldiers' home had its own views concerning the Sabbath, and the enter- prising cleric met with a rebuff. After some exertions lie hired a window from a more complaisant trades- man, and the photograph was duly taken. Now, i{ happened that a butcher's boy, by way of amusement, took out a simple camera that morning, .md managed to nose his lens right within easy focal distance of the ft, Id marshal. With some temerity he sent a proof to the barracks, and when compared with the picture for which the chaplain stood sponsor it was found so excellent that the youngster at once received by pre- ference an order for several dozens of copies, which he is engaged at this moment in executing. The event, as the chaplain desired, will be immortalised, bat— without the chaplain.
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TIIE young widowed Duchess of Aosta has been summoned before a Bed of Justice, composed of members of her own family. The charges against her are, however, not grave. The court simply requested her to show a little less enthusiasm for sport in general, and, above all, to discard the bicyclette. An officer had refused to salute her as she rode by in the costume of the complete cyclist. Hence the small scandal.
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WHO WERE THE FIRST COMMERCIAL…
WHO WERE THE FIRST COMMER- CIAL TRAVELLERS ? 1; The rapid development of the commercial traveller system specifically belongs to our own days but as to the origin, there is some difference of opinion. One authority lays it down that the bagmen of to-day- the drummer," in American phraseology--is the immediate descendant of the old chapman, or pedlar, or hawker. As these personages were known even in the time of Chaucer, in this case the modern com- mercial can boast a very respectable ancestry. Another antiquarian, however, in this month's Book- seller has another theory to propose. Forthis he brings the poet Southey as a witness. It is, that the com- mercial travellers of to-day really date back to the Quakers of 100 or 150 years since. These persons, it is well known, were forced to wander throughout the country by persecution and ill-treatment. They were then, as they are to-day, mostly good honest men of business, and with the true commercial instinct they seem to have made a virtue of necessity, and during their wanderings to have made acquaintance as far as possible with the country tradesmen, to whom they often sold goods, watches, camblets," and other articles. They seem to have pushed their trade so vigorously that they obtained heavy orders, so much so that the tradesmen in London stood idle," as one of the Quakers said, while we filled our coffers. One, Thomas Greene, a Quaker preacher and only a labouring mun, di«rl --A)- aomo thousands of pounds made in th:s fashion. The speculation is both curious and interesting, however the matter may be decided.
THE ROAD TO RUIN.
THE ROAD TO RUIN. A story, as stera in its moral teaching as a series ot painting# by Hogarth, says the Daily News, has been told in a Paris police-court. A woman, 34 years of ago, WiiS arrested on the Boulevard de la Chapelle for creating a disturbance and assaulting tlfe police inthe execution of their duty. On being taken to the police- station the name she gave was one of the most aristo- cratic in France. At first it was thought she was romancing, but it turned out that the name is really her own. She was born at a historic country resi- dence in the Department of the Sarthe, where her father resided. At the age of 16 she elopea with a man servant, with whom she went to live in Paris. For this she was disinherited, but the father and mother could not prevent her receiving a sum of 80,000 francs that was due to her in her own right on coming of age. With this money she led for a brief period a most luxurious existence, and soon became known in Paris. A duke then took notice of her, opd set her up in a beautiful house sumptuously furnished. Her horses and carriages were much admired in the Bois de Boulogne. After a while, however, the tide of fortune changed, and she dis- appenred from fashionable haunts. It seems that she has long frequented the lower class of dancing saloons, in one of which one evening she had a quarrel with another woman, who disfigured her for life by slitting her nose with a knife. Latterly the wretched creature has given way to drink, and has been living in the utmost squalor.
STABILITY OF SHIPS AT SEA.
STABILITY OF SHIPS AT SEA. It is to be hoped that the publicity given to the im- portance of the question of stability in recent issues of two contemporary journals (says the Nautical Magazine) may arouse the attention of the public, and evoke from the Board of Trade some measures which may deal with the stability of sea-going vessels over and above the regulation of the maximum load- line, which has so far proved itself inadequate, to secure a stable condition for ships under all circum- stances, for notwithstanding that the maximum load mark be above water, the cargo may be so stowed in the ship that the centre of gravity is too high. It therefore becomes necessary that those in charge of the ship should have some knowledge respecting stability to enable them to work in co-operation with the rules already laid down in securing a seaworthy condition, and, that notwithstanding their willingness to take a ship to sea, which, although complying with the load-line regulations, may be known to have questionable stability, i.e., in the absence of any exact inquiries into, or experimental test of her seaworthy condition, they should not be allowed to proceed to sea to the danger of life and property under their charge through ignorance and foolhardiness.
SIR RUPERT KETTLE DEAD.
SIR RUPERT KETTLE DEAD. Sir Rupert A. Kettle, of Merridale, Wolverhamp- ton, died in the early hours of Saturday morning, succumbing to an attack of paralysis by which he had been seized about a week previously. He was the son of Mr. Thomas Kettle, a Birmingham manufacturer, and was born in that city in 1817. He made a special study of industrial questions, and in time became famed all over England as an arbitrator in trade disputes. His first adjudica- tion as an arbitrator was in 1865. A strike in the building trade of Wolverhampton had lasted 17 weeks, and entailed disastrous losses on the contend- ing parties. Another strike was impending when the Mayor of Wolverhampton called a public meeting to try and avert it. Then Mr. Kettle, at the request of the masters and workmen, undertook to try to settle the points in dispute. This he did, and he ultimately established a legally organised system of arbitration whereby an independent umpire, in the event of dis- agreement by the parties to the dispute, was em- powered to make a final and binding award. This system worked so well that Mr. Kettle's services as an arbitrator were eagerly sought in other towns, and his principle was made applicable to a large portion of the building trades of the kingdom. Mr. Kettle further intervened as arbitrator in disputes in the northern iron trade. His principle was afterwards extended also to other districts, and he successfullv established boards of arbitration in connection with the coal trade, the pottery industry, the Nottingham lace trade, the paper trade, and other staple industries in various localities. Meanwhile, Mr. Kettle has been appointed County-court Judge for Worcestershire, a district which then embraced Dudley, Stourbridge, Kidder- minster, Worcester, Malvern, Bromyard, Ledbury, and other places. The time required for his judi- cial duties compelled him reluctantly to resign his work as an umpire in trade disputes, although he continued to advocate his arbitration prin- ciple in pamphlets and by lectures. Soon after Mr. Gladstone's return to office in 1880, the honour of Knighthood was conferred upon Mr. Kettle for his public services in establishing a system of arbitration between employers and em- ployed." Besides being Judge of the Worcestershiie district, Sir Rupert Kettle was Assistant-Chairman of the Staffordshire Court of Quarter Sessions for more than 20 years. Owing to failing health, however, he resigned this appointment and also his Judgeship a year or so ago.
INFLUENZA APPROACHING.
INFLUENZA APPROACHING. The influenza season is at hand now, and already the monster is reported in our midst. This terrible scourge seems to have settled down into a regularly recurring epidemic every autumn, and returns punctually to carry off its unresisting victims. There has been considerable excitement over the announcement that the monster's secret has been surprised, and that a Canadian doctor (hailing, however, from Edinburgh University), has broken the back of the coming terror, dis- covering a simple means by which the epidemic may be set at defiance. It is all, he says, a matter of resistance. Build up and fortify the system by the one needful combination, and laugh at the influeaza This combination he has discovered, and it proves so safe and so handy for various uses in the improvement and restoration of health that it has been issued for general use, without even a doctor's prescription, under the name of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People, and the newspapers are already full of the results. The Star of Wales (Seren Cymru), a Welsh paper, reports the case of a Carmarthen- shire man, Mr. J. Thomas, of Cwmduad, near Conwil, who was seized with Influenza, and by this, and the awful pains of rheumatism which accompanied it, incapacitated from work and com- pelled to remain indoors, but who was.promptly cured and restored to perfect health by Dr. Williams' discovery. He said to the reporter (who saw him and bears witness to his case): I was very bad. The pain was all through my body and my limbs. I had a dreadful pain in my back; and my appetite quite gone. I was languid and depressed, and unable to move from the house. Looking one day over a Welsh newspaper, I read of the wonderful scientific discovery given to the world under the name of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills and I determined to try- th«m. The first box did me much good, Second box completely cured me. X have not lost a day's work since. I have a splendid appetite. Dr. Williams' Pink Pills cured me of all my troubles." To avoid fraud, owing to the great celebrity of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills, it is important to note that they are genuine only as manufactured by the Dr. Williams Medicine Company, 46, Holborn-viaduct, London, at 2s. 9d. a box, or six boxes 13s. 9d.. Never sold in bulk, or by the dozen or hundred the box must he in a pink wrapper, bearing the full name, Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People. Dr. Williams' Pink Pills are a sure remedy for such diseases as rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis, locomotor ataxy, St. Vttus' dance, nervous headache, scrofula, chronic erysipelas, &c. They restore pale and sallow com- plexions to the glow of health, and are specific for troubles peculiar to the female, while in men they radically cure in all cases arising from worry, over- work, or excess of any nature. Not a purgative.
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COLONEL HUNT, who is on the Retired List ot the Indian Staff Corps, got his first commission in 1860. He became captain June 9, 1872, and, by a very sin- gular, if not unique, coincidence, got his next step on June 9, 1880, his next on June 9, 1886, and his last on June 9, 1890. I THE Japanese rejoice in the presence of a poet with a pretty gift of vituperation. His name is Princo Arisugawa, and his songs are on the lips of every soldier in Corea. "Strike and chastise China!" is the message of his muse. His verse is bloodthirsty j and contumelious. The Chinese are rated as "ar- rogant and ignorant," as pig-tailed vagabonds," as coivards and rabble," and the Mikado's warriors are adjured to plant the flag of the Rising Sun on the walls of Peking. Where is the Chinese rival to the Prince ? Tun resurrection of the Malidi has again to be chronicled. He has assembled his Emirs at Omdurman, has fortified Khartoum, and commenced active operations by the slaughter of a batch of Egyptian prisoners. Tnu fortune left by the Comte de Paris is said by his partisans in France to amount to £ 1,800,000. A French notary is now at Stowe House examining the I papers of the comte. It is not yet known how the I money will be divided but it is thought, that in tho financial interest of the Queen of Portugal there will j be a liquidation of tho real estate. ACCOIIDING to the Gaulois, which claims to hare special information as to the plans and movements of t.iie Orlennists, the Due d'Orleans will not enjoy a larger income than £ 12,000 a year at the outside, and may possibly find his resources cut down by a I third of that amount. Under these circumstances, he will not set up a separate establishment in 15n<»- land, Holland, or elsewhere, but will continue to live with his mother. In other quarters it is announced that the marriage, frequently talked about, between the young Pretender and his cousin, Princess Mar- with his mother. In other quarters it is announced that the marriage, frequently talked about, between the young Pretender and his cousin, Princess Mar- guerite, daughter of the Due de Chartres, is fully j decided upon. j OROANS were in common use in England some centuries before Canute, so a Bristol correspondent asserts. St. Aldhelm, who died A.D. 709, tells admirers of music that if they despise the moro humble sound of the harp they may listen to the i "thousand voices of the organ." Dr. Lingard supposes that organs were first introduced into England by Theodore, a native of Tarsus, in Cilicia, who became Archbishop of Canterbury, A.J), 6(59. These instruments had copper pipes, fixed in gilt frames. THERE is, perhaps, no more curious place on the Pacific seaboard than Iquique. It stands in a region where rain has never been known to fall, and where, as was remarked by Darwin when he visited Iquique in 1835, the inhabitants live like people on board ship. These number about 14,000, nearly all con- nected with the staple industry of the port, due to the development of the nitrate industry on the adja- j cent pampas. The rain gauges at Lima, close to the Pacific, record absolutely no rainfall. There are several parts of the earth where rain never falls. Such are the Sahara Desert of Africa, and considerable tracts of Arabia, Syria, Persia, Thibet, and Mongolia in the Old World, while in South America the rain- less di stricts comprise narrow strips on the shores of Peru, Bolivia, and Chili, and on the coasts of Mexico and Guatemala. I TIlE" ornamental china cup out of which Napoleon drank his last drink at St. Helena was put up at auction at the Hotel Druot in Paris recently, and discovered by an examination of the manufacturer's mark to have been made in 1840. or 19 vears after | Napoleon's death.
ROSSINI'S WATCH.
ROSSINI'S WATCH. The watch of Rossini, the composer, has a history. It has just been sold at Bologna to a rich English- man. In 1821 Charles X. presented the composer with a repeating watch, studded with diamonds, and playing two of Rossini's melodies. Nobody in Bologna could clean the watch, so it was sent in the care of the tenor Fabiano to Paris, where it was destroyed in a fire. Plivee, the watchmaker, thereupon made a second watch, the exact counterpart of the first, except that the diamonds were false, and Rossini, who never discovered this pious fraud, wore the trinket all his life. On his death it passed bo a rela- tive, whose son has just sold it.
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STOAKS There goes Chanter, Oakea. He's got one of the finest voices I ever heard. Ever hear him sing ? He's got a fine voice." Oakes (sadly) Yes; nice voice. I heard it about an hour ago-he borrowed ten." SITE: Why did you make me a promise you never intended to keep? You would not treat a man that way." He: "Of course not. If you had been a man there would have been some show of reasoning with 3 OU."
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FLEEING FROM HANKOW.
FLEEING FROM HANKOW. The decision of the European residents at Hankow to send all their women and children down to Shanghai is certainly a wise one. The town is situated more than 600 miles up the Yangtfl^ Kiang, and in the event of a riot at the place their position would be desperate in the extreme. In all probability the same course is being pur- sued in the ether Yangtse treaty porta of Kiukiang, Wuhu, and Chinkiang. We should like to hear also of the safety of the Europeans at the upper Yangts6 parts of Ichang. We have certainly a river gunboat stationed up there but in spite of that the {>osition of the Europeans there must be, to say tha east of it, precarious. There it should be noted, a very large number of Europeans of all nationalities at Haukow, which is the chief port of the Chinese tea trade. The foreign part of the town is laid out and built in regular European fashion, and faces the river, with a magnificent granite Bund, 40ft. high and about a mile long. English and Russian mer- chants predominate in the business of the place, and the Germans also hold a large share.
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IF cheese comes after meat, what compa after cheese ?—Don't you see ? A mouse. WHY do shoemakers and milkmen make good sailors ?—Because they are both used to working at I the pumps.