Welsh Newspapers
Search 15 million Welsh newspaper articles
6 articles on this Page
SECTION H.
SECTION H. ANTHROPOLOGY. There was, as usual, a large. attendance at the Anthropological Section on Tuesday, the greater number of outsiders having gathered in the expectation of hearing Professor Rhys's notes on "The History and Ethnology of Welsh Fairies." This hope, however, was not realised, and on con- siderable signs of impatience being manifested the learned President apologised for the absence of Dr Rhys, and said that they could expect the contribution in the afternoon. A RECORD, OF PEEHI3T0RI0 REMAINS OF GLAMORGANSHIRE. The first paper was an excellent one. prepared by Mr EDWIN SEWABD, F.R.I.B.A., Cardiff, on "The Formation of a Record of the Prehistoric and Ancient Remains of Glamorganshire. Having described the richness of Glamorgan in ,pre-hist.oric remains, Mr Seward referred to the monuments which exist, stating that complex desijfns of scrolls and frets and ribbons, interwoven with never-ending ingenuity, are met 'with on slabs and atones standing, lying, or partially buried in various parts of the county, and they are, doubtless, but remnauts of a great array which proceeded from those centuries of early Christianity in Glamorganshire. For a list of the best known of these members should refer „to the excellent article on Early Inscribed Stones in Glamorganshire" by Mr T. H. Thomas, of Cardiff, in the British Association Handbook just published. They have recently been photo- graphed under the auspices of the Cardiff Photo- graphic Society, and a splendid series, combining these and many other notable antiquities of the county, can be seen by the public for the first time at the Photographic Exhibition, which has been made freely open to members of the British Association, at the Queen-street Hall. As to the steps taken in South Wales towards forming a' systematic record of .prehistoric objects, it cannot be less than satisfactory to say that the work has been begun. Time,enough has not been given to take it very.'far, bat the sheets before me show that practically all the chief objects of prehis- torical and archseeligical interest which are; known, have been noted chiefly by the very praiseworthy industry of Mr James Bell, C.E. ,Suggestions for-the formation.of such records and map3 weremadebye;o the Cardiff Naturalists" Society in 1885, and in the following year I pub" lished according to request a list of those objects: which ought to be classified.. The actual organis. ing pf work dates only from April of this year, and thus my report is chiefiyofthe preliminary" steps that have-been taken. A committee of the ;Naturalists' Society was formed, and a circular has been issued to those who we consider should-; f ba able to aid in the work. That circular, hè continued, stated^— The., committee—which,.consists 1 of Messrs C. T. M.D^ (chairman), "Will. Bonrifeldt, Major E. £ •. J.OBes, T. H. Thomas, R.CJL, Professor Powell, Edwin Seward, RB.I.B.A., James Bell, C.E., R. W. ptKinson, B.Sc. and John Storrie (curator of the Oaraiit Museumy—desire more particularly to promote inquiry in relation to Division A, as that concentration of work will, tend to give clearer results for the forth. coming British Association meeting. Under this head, Glamorganshire may be expected to yield a record of more than ordinary interest, and the following list outlines some of the objects (or traces of thein) to be included m it,:—(1) Bone caverns, pit dwellings, lake dwellings. (2) Tumnli, barrows, mounds. (3) Camps, entrenchments, dykes (Pre-historic, British, Roman, Danish, Saxon.) v») Roman or British roads and track- ways. (5.) Stone circles, dolmen, cromlechs, monoliths. rocking-stones, slabs. (0) standing stones, altars, and ibuildings (or portions thereof) inscribed with letters or i ornament, Roman, Celtic, or oaxon. (7) Places where ispear and arrow heads, arms, pottery, urns, tiles, coins, fibulse, etc., or human remains, of supposed pre- Norman date, may have been discovered. In regard to the maps, said Mr Seward, it is suggested that the simplest and most expeditious method will be, .the bringing together of a district series of the new small sheets of the 1st scale- ordnance maps, into book or folio form. Between these would be placed sheet of tracing linen, on which would be shown in their true position in relation to the engraved map below, the various camps, maen-hirs, &c., according to the code of size adopted by the commission appointed by the. International Congress of Anthropoligists and Aréhæoloists at Stockholm, and recommended for use at the Bath meeting of the British Asso- ciation in 1888. There is a practical difficulty in indicating these signs on the ordnance mans themselves, because the mass of matter already contained on the said maps usually leaves no space, and farther, the prehistoric objects, if shown with any sufficient regard to scale, as would be necessary, especially where a number of such objects are grouped together, would be almost lost upon the map. On tracing linen however, containing nothing but our signs or marks and letters or numbers for refer- ence hereto, they would be instantly perceivable, and the features of the map below, when seen through the linen, would give their exact positions. Attached to each sheet would be a reference sheet, giving, in columns, the various particulars obtainable relating to the objects depicted on the linen, and these, when considered to bejsufficiently complete, could be lithographed or otherwise reproduced in numbers. Some ten or or twelve maps representing a whole district, with their reference sheets and tracing sheets, could be bound together in a volume, each of which volumes could be used as a basis for the record of future discoveries in future years, in addition to the initial records which I have here endeavoured to suggest. A long discussion then took place, the highest praise being accorded to Mr Seward for what was regarded as his admirable suggestions. Reference was made to the work in the same direction carried on by the Society of Antiquaries, and also to the suggestions of Mr Gray, of Belfast. CRIMINAL ANTHROPOMETRY. Dr J; G. GARSON, who read a papflt on this subject, apologised for the absence of the dis- tinguished Dr Bertillon, the inventor of the best- known system of Anthropometry applied to personal investigation. In daily life, said Dr Garson, cases of difficulty not un- frequently occurred in the identification of persons living or dead, or after accident, such as a railway collision, and in police-courts it was especially the case, for evil- doers made a point of, as far as possible, conceal- ing their identity. In 1879, Mons. Bertillon submitted to the Prefecture of Police at Paris a plan for the indentification of criminals, founded upon the measurement of certain bony parts ot the body not liable to alteration with age or acci- dent. The plan had been adopted, and has been in use with signal success in Paris since 1882. In this system was found another application of anthropometric measurement for the public good, and by it was gained the identification of race characters. Before the introduction of Bertillon's system, photographs and vague descriptions, much the same as used in English police stations, were the only means for identifying bad charac- ters. As the time went on, the number of photo- graphs increased so rapidly, that in a few years they exceeded 100,000, and it would be seen that the system was unworkable. By Bertillon's system these were divided into groups of 60,000 each, according to the stature of the persons. The next measurement, the length i .of the head, divided the 60,000 into three groups 20,000 each, and the third, the breadth of the Jaead, divided the 20,000 into three other groups, and-on until they got them reduce to groups of about 10 in number. The various descriptions and photographs were arranged in a series of, drawers with subdivisions corresponding to the different measurements and their sub-divisions. .If a person was brought to the police officer, the first thing to be done was to ascertain if he were an old offender, and measured before. His height was first measured. This directed the officers to the descriptions and photographs of all old offenders of that height. The breadth of the head, the length of the foot, the span of the arms, and colour of the eyes would bring them to the exacfj drawer. The limit between tall and medium men was very small, so suppos- ing a'man had increv..sed:or decreased in his height they would look for him in the next divisions, just as when one looked for a word in the dictionary about the spelling which there was a doubt. The measurements relied upon were:—(1) Height of body; (2) length of head (3) breadth of head; (4) length of middle finger (left); (5) length of little finger (left); (6) length of forearm; (7) length of foot (left); (8) length of span (9) length of ear (right); (10) breadth of ear (right); (11) length and exact position of scars, moles, etc.; (12) colour of eyes and hair. Dr. Garson then exhibited the necessary instruments, and showed the method of using them, and stated that the measurements most relied upon were those of the head which were taken from the notch above the nose to the base of the skull. The success of the method was assured. The whole operation lasted only seven minutes, and one officer and an assistant could make the measure- ments. Criminals who had tested the certainty with which they could be recognized did not give aliases now. In the many thousands of cases tested there had not been one of mistaken identity. (Applause.) Of course, it was not necessary to make all the measurements; seven or eight were sufficient to fix the individuality. In conclu- sion, Dr Garson expressed a hope that Bertillon's system would soon be in general use in this country, a wish that was echoed by several members, and which met with general endorse- ment. INSTINCTIVE CRIMINALITY. In a p3.per on Instinctive Criminality: its true Characterand National Treatment," Dr S. A. K. Strahan gave the result of his own experiences and those of authorities beyond question. Indeed, his observations were listened to with marked interest, all the more noteworthy since the; audience had assembled principally for the already-mentioned purpose. Dr Strahan said the instinctive criminal belonged to a decaying race, and was only met with in families whose other members showed signs of degradation. In fact iU6\incl;ive criminality wa.'3 bu Olle of the many known signs or family decay. This was conclusively proven by the fact that the criminal's parents and relatives invariably showed signs of decay, and that he himself had, in common with the idiot—which latter was the lowest form of human development consistent with a con- tinuance of life—such grossly degenerate charac- ters as a small, overlarge, and lll-shapan head, paralysis, squint, asymmetrical features, de- formities a shrunken, ill-developed body; abnormal conditions of genital organs; liability to tubercular disease; prema- ture decay of the tissues large, heavy, misshapen jaws, outstanding ears, and a restless, animal- like, or brutal expression. The instinctive criminal lacked the moral sense as the idiot lacked the intellectual, and in both was found (mors or less) deep degeneration affecting the whole economy—physical, moral, and intellectual. The hereditary character of crime was advocated and demonstrated by Aristotle, yet it was only re- cently that this view was approaching general acceptance. But what the writer wished to impress was not that criminality is hereditary— that now being generally admitted—but the in- disputable fact that it is interchangeable with other degenerate conditions, such as idiocy, epilepsy, suicide, insanity, prostitution, scrofula, .drunkenness, &c., and that it a mere chance whether the insanity or drunkenness, say. of the. parent will appear as such in the child, or be tramuted in trasmission to one or other of the above mentioned degenerate conditions. Criminality in Its mode of transmission 'followed the same lines as other states of decay. In some cases it was transmitted through several generations unchanged, but this was rare. Occasionally a generation of criminals would appear in a decaying family as a generation of deaf mutes or epileptics at times appeared in the family of the scrofulous or insane diathesis. But in the majority of cases crime only appeared in one, two, or three members of the family, the others showing the taint in various ways-e.g., one would be scrofulous or a deaf-mute, another insane, idiotic, or a prostitute, as the case might be. Touching on the chief sources of instinctive criminality, he said all deteriorating influences were liable to result in crime as in other form of degeneration in the offspring. Alcoholism, how- ever, was its most fruitful source. Rossi put the percentage of drunkenness in parents of criminals at 43*6, Marro at 41, Wey at 38 "7, and Tarnowsky, in the parents of prostitutes, at no less than 82'66. Here the environment must have an effect; but as education and example cannot account for the idiocy, epilepsy, deformity, &c., in the children of the drunkard, neither could it be held largely responsible for the crime and prostitution. Insanity, epilepsy, and suicide were often traansmuted to crime in passing to the children. Of all persons convicted of murdsr in England and Wales in the decade 1879-88, 32 per cent. were found insane, and 32 per cent. more had their sentences commuted, many on the ground of mental disorder. A neurotic family history was found in criminals in Elmira Reform in 13"7 per cent, (parents alone); at Auburn, in 23*03; Rossi, 35. Tubercular disease was another cause. Great numbers of criminals were them selves tubercular—almost as many as of idiots— and it was common in their families. Tarnow-j sky found phthisical parentage in 44 per cent. of prostitutes. Senility and Immaturity of Parents' were also fruitful sources of crime in the enfeebled 1 descendants, as is proved by the statistics of Marro, Korosi, and others. The criminal was. not a. free agent. He was as helpless against his instinct to crime as was the epileptic against his convulsion, or.the suicide against the instinct which impel him to self-destruction. The great ,stumbling blocks to the recognition of the criminal's true position, were the doctrine, of free-will,' and the belief that all come into the • world with a certain regular quantum of moral sense. These were fundamental errors. When ;we accepted the fact that moral feeling and ..volitional power were not unvarying gifts, but, depended as much upon the proper development' and healthy action of the higher nervous centres as did the exercising of any other intellectual ^function whatever, we should see that the suicide -without reasonable cause, his eister who became a prostitute, his brother who committed murder at r the command of a voice from heaven, and the other member of the family whoiwas am incurable ,thief, were all equally the victims of a vicious organisation. This has been practically admitted by the recognition of the dipso- and klepto- maniac; but if justice was to be done, the system must be largely extended, The present system had proved a disastrous failure. Short periods of punitive imprisonment could have no effect upon the instinctive Criminal, either cttrative or deterrent. The records read in our courts daily proved this, and the present system must go after the whip and chain of the maniac. Everything points in the direction of prolonged or indefinite confinement of the in- stinctive criminal and habitual drunkard in in- dustrial penitentiaries. Upon detection as such, they would be permanently confined, as our imbeciles and incurable lunatics were at present, but with this difference. In these homes the inmates would be taught trades, &c., and would receive, with liberty to spend in any reasonable way, all they might earn over and above the cost of their maintenance. This would not only pro- tect society against its anti-social members, but it would protect these against themselves, while, by keeping the sexes apart, it would have an imme- diate and marked effect upon the production by propagation of the criminal classes. This system —at once Christian, humane, and economical— had been tried with success in America. Lifelong: detention had not been found by any means necessary in all cases. Offenders captured young I and taught morally and intellectually so far as may be possible, and also some trade, and made to feel that they really can earn an 'honest liveli- hood, would benefit most. Many such would be given a chance outside under surveilance, or might lie turned free with safety to society; their anti-social instinct being sufficiently blunted as to be overcome even under the feeble will-power of their unfortunate owners. (Applause). The PRESIDENT, in inviting discussion, said that' the paper was one that deserved attention, and the author was to bo complimented. Mr Commissioner BOMTAS, Q.C., said that while, the paper was one which showed much care and trouble in its preparation, the deductions of the author were not correct. Then in some cases his figures were surely over estimated, as, for instance, those where he gave the proportion of repeated crimes, d compared them with single instance of criminality. Out of 80 prisoners arraigned at Swansea Assizes last- month not more than 15 per cent. were known to have been previously charged with illegal offences. If it was found that the present punish- ment failed in its object it certainly would be wise to introduce another mode which would act as a -deterrent but, personally, he 6ould not endorse the views of Dr Strahan. If they were to pay so much attention to the tlfeular criminal as was suggested they would surely hear what Would be » just cry of complaint from the poor but honest classes, who, while the criminal has had his wants supplied, would be suffering in many cases the acutest poverty. Would it not tend to swell the criminal ranks ? It was an indisputable fact that many people after experiencing hard times would commit a petty theft for the sole object of being sent to gaol, where they would be comfortably clothed, housed, and fed, the only inconvenience being the deprivation of their liberty. It might be that what he had said sounded cruel and hard, but if they were to go back to what he believed in as the natural law (the law m the practice of which it seemed to him His Divine teacher had set an example in making His people understand that if they did wrong they should be punished, that they should suffer pain), they would mufch sooner solve the difficulty. He could not think that the number who necessarily committed crime and could not be deterred was other than com- paratively small, iuid it was his opinion that gaol life should^!),* made'somewhat more severe. Replying to the instances cited by Dr Strahan of r,n apparently incurable criminal being sent down for a term of three months, he said that the judge in those cases had really no option- a crime had been committed, -1 and to let the prisoner off with a lighter sentence would probably nave^theeffect'of increasing crimes of the descrip- tion,'other people inclining to the view that it was possible to commit illegal acts with impunity. He denied that men of this class were punished out of revenge, as indicated by Dr Strahan it was to show others that the law could not b^ broken without punishment. Several other gentlemen addressed themselves to the question, the majority holding that the lecturer had attempted to prove a good deal more than he was warranted in doing from the inform- ation adduced. In reply, Dr Strahan maintained the accuracy of his deductions, and characterised the view taken by Mr Bompas that the punishment was inadequate as old-fashioned, inaccurate, and Conservative. The section then adjourned for luncheon. RECENT HITTITE DISCOVERIES. On the resumption of the sitting Dr Phené gave a description, illustrated by diagrams and photo- graphs, of "A personal journeyampngst the Hittite monuments and of recent Hittite discoveries." A careful description of the monuments now known to be Hittite, but which term had not been used when Dr Van Lennep wrote, was given, and Dr Phend was able to draw inferences from the examination of the monuments before they were known to be Hittite, and the new light which Professor Sayce, Sir Charles Wilson, and Professor Ramsey have thrown upon them. This was very interesting, as the older drawings by Texier and other travellers were found very much more to support the description by Herodotus than some of the new ones. They all alike tended to confirm the fact that they be- longed to a special people, who had a style of writing of their own, and which people and writings a.re now known under the term of Hit- tite." The CHAIRMAN (Professor Brabrook, one of the vice-presidents) said that while he thanked Dr Ipene for his investigations, he could not agree with many of his remarks. The mace exhibited by the doctor was similar to one in his own possession, and appeared certainly not to be of old time manufacture; indeed he might go so far as to say that he believed the handle was joined to the head by a "Brummagem" screw. (Laughter.) Other speakers followed, and though they each expressed indebtedness to the lecturer for his pains in gathering material, they too disagreed with his theories, one saying that archaeologists should be careful in deciding that things were of like origin from a comparison of their resem. blances, but should rather seek after points of differences even in detail. In the absence of Mrs S. S. Allison and Mr E. H. Man, the authors, the secretary was directed to read the summaries of their contributions on the Similkameen Indians of British Columbia and on Nicobar Pottery. Prof. Rhys's paper was not read. Dr BRABROOK, in adjourning the section until next year at Edinburgh, spoke highly of the in- valuable services rendered to anthropology by their esteemed president, Prof. Miiller, and pro- posed that a formal vote of thanks should be accorded him. Dr GARSON seconded, and the motion was carried.
CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES.
CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES. The second conference of delegates was held at the Proprietary School, Dumfries-place, Cardiff, on Tuesday afternoon, Mr G. J. Symons pre- siding. There was only a small attendance of delegates. The various sections were taken seriatim, and in Section A Dr Mill gave a resume of the obser- vations made by the naturalists' societies in the country on the temperature variations in lakes, rivers, and estuaries, and observed that amongst the few societies which had done well in the ob- servations was the Cardiff Naturalists' Society, Whi(lk had sent in a good record of observations made in the River Taff. In Section D, Dr VACHELL again called atten- tion to the reckless destruction of birds' eggs on the island of Grasholm, and reported that he had brought the matter before the committee, and it was thought that the case might be strengthened by a resolution from the conference. He there- fore moved "That a committee be, appointed to take steps for the future legislative enactment for the preservation of wild birds' eggs." This was seconded and carried, and the conference soon afterwards adjourned.
-==---economic^J-
-==- economic^J- AND This Section, alth^T— at 10 o clock, did annottnced t,n quite an hour i -c^ually assrSasE- the great variability by remarkino that- r]!^bmt- forb«d, ,he of theS„ £ sh»pe' j nn„. a statistical sought must be derive 3n'equent]y, th^e nd from consid«-ation 0? theTlo?ical fa°ts human vigour made by the "Pon followed. -Ie treated his sulvL 0CQ,uPationa followed. -Ie under two neads, according as thbefore, from the consideration of the inditT*? ^ived and of the work to he ^worker, the paper connned his remark', +, u tltle of physical labour, leaving nndiseussed ly or distinct labour of the intellect, which £ nn!qUfly hp largely ignored in the txnmlar ij aPPened to ^oSg^ople. Individual varied in direct relatwn to mnate 1 Wor1 endowments to the extent 0f fre!»d^„ yfea! Wise, hereditary or acquired, and fro^b^" -1;:1 deformity to original and acquired aptitude for. labour; and, in some measure, to mental gifts. Idiosyncrasy and racial characteristics were other minor factors determining ability for certain kinds of employment. These diversities in indi- vidual capacity for work showed the futility of., general rules to govern Ion men's labour. In the. second division of the subject the leading cohdi- tions of labour as affecting the construction of data were examined. First of these ^was the-i amount of actual bodily effort called for. rhough^ this in great excess is detrimental to health and life, its effects are less pronounced than seden- tary work, statistics clearly proving that the comparative mortality figure of the latter, as illustrated by numerous trades, was considerably greater than that of active and strong muscular exertion. Moreover, apart from physical toil, there was a multitude of collateral and accidental conditions of employment of great influence upon capability for labour, and which called for examination when data for limiting the extent and duration are searched for. Among such were the situation of work, whether in the open country or in a town whether above or beneath the surface of the ground; and in con- nection with these circumstances the existence of darkness, of foul air, or noxious fumes, of the presence of dust, and whether poisonous or not, of elevated temperature, or of highly-increased atmospheric pressure with reference to mining, in which many unfavourable conditions enter, it seemed desirable that the hours of labour be shortened. Nevertheless, were the evidence of the production of a high death-rate to be ac- cepted as the criterion for curtailing working hours, mining would not challenge the first place, but be surpassed by several other occupations, and especially by the manufacture of cutlery and of pottery. In demonstrating the iu- fiuenco of incidental conditions of work upon the sources of data, illustrations were, for the most part, drawn from the character of mining opera- tions. To guard against misunderstanding, the speaker called attention to the fact that the remarks made applied to adults and that, in the case of children, distinct data for limiting labour existed in imperfect development and advancing growth in body and mind—data, indeed, rightly used in framing the restrictions of the Factory Acts. Lastly, whilst admitting the existence of trades presenting conditions of labour seriously prejudicial to health and lite, and calling, in consequence, for some limitation of the hours and extent of labour, he deprecated general inter- ference by legislative enactments with the free- dom of men in the pursuit of their selected trades, as being prejudicial to enterprise and to the manufacturing interests of the country, and also as destructive of individual responsibility, and of the feeling of independence, replacing the natural law of self-preservation by State- nursing The PRESIDENT saiddDr Arlidge had brought this very important subject before them in a manner for which they must be exceedingly gratified. In Australia there appeared to be a very general impression that eight hours' worl was the right length of time for most of the manual trades. He proceeded to treat the matter from various points; of view, saying there was an economic question- as to what was the alllount-çf work they could, get out of men and women without working them out. The other question was a philanthropic one as to what amount of time for educational and social^ purposes should a man have, and how should .he: spend it. He dealt upon the particular import- ance of the question in the economic sense. A discussion followed, in which Mr MACNIGHT (Edinburgh) contended that the paper of Dr Arlidge, and* the observations of the last speaker, all showed that the legislative cry for eight hours was an entire mistake and, error, and ought to be resisted in the most deter- mined and firm manner. He was entirely against any State regulation of the kind, and he was very sorry indeed that trades unions and other workman's organisations should commit this grant error in point of principle. It clearly showed their ignorance on the question. Mr RHODES deprecated any attempt to reduce hours of work uniformly, as it would destroy all independence of action, and, what was more, by going in for such a measure, they would not let their various labourers sort themselves out into the kind of work, and the duration of it, which was best suited to them. Mr J. H. Levy and Mr Fredericksen (Copen-; hagen) followed, after which Dr Arlidge replied; and was thanked for his paper. THE CURE OF CONSUMPTION. ITS ECONOMIC ASPECTS. Dr G. W. HAMBLETON, in referring to the cure; of consumption in its economic aspects, contended that consumption was preventible by giving attention to breathing, to temperature, and by- increasing the girth of the chest by means of fair athletic exercises, and that in its early stage, even when both lungs were affected, it could be cured, and even at later stages, could be ame- liorated, by a course of reformatory exercises, and observances in regard more particularly to the increase of chest measurement and physical developments. He spoke from parsonal observa- tions. After remarks by Dr Arlidge, the reader of the paper replied upon points raised. FOOD AND POPULATION. A paper was read in Mr W. E. A. Axon's be- half on the increase of food and population. It was argued that although deaths from starva- tion did occur m the wealthiest city in the world,. the fact was not due to the scarcity of food, but to the manner in which ic was distributed. Generally speaking, the condition of the people— a vastly increased" number-bad improved. He also dwelt upon the great value of vegetable food, pointing out that meat was, after all, a second- hand food which derived its best nutriment from vegetables. It was expensive, relatively, and'' the area occupied by cattle, &c., could be produc- tive of a greater quantity of vegetable food. Mr MACNIGHT, Edinburgh, regarded the paper as an exaggerated statement of the benefits of' vegetable food. On the other hand he would certainly be free to admit that taking the food and the dietary employed by the working people, there had been a great change—that was to say more vegetable food was consumed by people 5Q. years ago in England, and particularly Scotland, than now. He referred to the vast mcrease of population, and as, after all, it was perhaps illusionary to suppose the people would give up animal food, be suggested that their effortsshould be directed to increase the knowledge of the people on the subject. DrALRDIGE centinued the discussion, and the session adjourned for luncheon, LE PLAY'S :METH01J OF SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION. Mr F. Aubertin read a paper on the above sub- ject. He said thatit was a difficult and a delicate task to interpret in a few words, the spirit of a great thinker and indefatigable worker. It would be remembered that on the centenary of the Wealth of Nations," Lord Sherbrooke- (then Mr Robert Lowe, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer) summed up the teaching of Adam Smiths in the propositions that the causes of wealth were two—industry and thrift and the causes of poverty were two—idleness and waste. Well said Mr Forster ruggedly you did not want to go to Adam Smith for that, you could- get that out; of the Book of Proverbs." Similarly some of the expositors of the doctrine of Le Play temptea one to say well you can get that out of the Ten Commandments," and the reproach would have some measure of justice if it were -not remembered that Le Play set himself to discover the causes of social happiness and social misery. Mr Charles Booth had reminded them, however, that there was no necessary connection between. happiness and wealth. In his opinion, happiness depended upon work and love. As he (the speaker) had heard Professor Forwell say from another point of view, they might have (probably the had) great material progress side by side wita lessened contentment. The important economic work of Le Play on the Workmen ot Europe was, however, an economic document of the first order of importance. It oontainod 30 to 40 minute studies of workmen's families throughout Europe. Its first aspect pro. voked a smile. There was something apparently trivial about the chronicle of pots and pans and garments, their flaws, their quality and value, the record of food consumed, and the like. Every fact and every- figure which could lend to a thorough painting of the family was present, and they were led to ask whether this was not another example of mis- applied energy de minimus. But it had been said (though he knew not what it meant) that the little foxes spoilt the vines. And they had seen little facts spoil pretty theories, as in the case of the wages fund. In the world of mechanical science, progress had been defined as the utilisation of waste forces. And the utilisation of hitherto' wasted facts might yet damuch for the advance- ment of economics. Mr<Aubertin then mentioned a few directions in which Le Play's method might be useful frotn this point of view. The study of the family and the statistics of its consumption were fundamental in most economic questions. The nature of competition, the mobility of labour, the co-efficient of friction in eduction, taxation, the construction of an in- dex number, standard of comfort, real wages, and domestic industry. Thanks were accorded to Mr Aubertin-for his. interesting paper, and the PRESIDENT mentioned' that Mr E. Cannan being preveuted from attending, his paper on Recent Changes in the Distribution of Population in England.and Wales would be taken as read. This concluded- the business of the section. Professor DUNBAR proposed a vote of; thanks to< Professor Cunningham, the president, for the great skill and success with which he had presided over the proceedings of the section. Mr G. CARSLAKE THOMPSON seconded with: much pleasure, and said he felt sure they would agree with him when he said that there were in- dustries and phases of economic development that were well worth studying in the place where they had met for the meetings of the year 1891. (Hear, hear.) The proposition was cordially carried and the President expressed his thanks for the support that had been given him. The work had been very interesting, and he would have nothing but pleasant memories of the meeting at Cardiff. (Applause.) This terminated the proceedings.
SECTION G.
SECTION G. MECHANICAL SCIENCE. Under the presidency of Mr Forster Brown the mechanical science section continued its sittings at the Proprietary Schools, at 10 o'clock on ruesday morning. Great interest centred in the paper of Mr Bennett on "AN ELECTRICAL PARCEL EXCHANGE SYSTEM." The author said :—The congested state of the streets in many of the large towns, notably in the of London, invites reflection aa to whether l3J^o^ possible to devise means by which vehicu- M T>a may to a certain extent be diminished. V^frnett described a scheme by which parcels ua small package:-) may be freely interchanged the various buildings of a ?own by means o £ -miniature electric railways laid preferably, but ,not necessarily, underground, in pipes or culverts. Such pipes may be laid along the principal thoroughfares, communicating to the right and left by means of spurs or sidings with the premises of the subscribers to the system. In imitation of a telephone exchange, the pipes converge at one or more central stations, where operators having sole control of the*traflic are on duty, and where are situated the dynamos and other apparatus. The scheme may be worked out in various ways, but Mr Bennett proposes, by preference, <* rectangular tube carrying two tracks or lines of rails, one above the other, the lower being used for the drf(vn, and the upper for the up trame. On the rails run trucks fitted with electro- motors,, deriving propelling current from a parallel conductor laid between the two tracks, so that on the down journey trucks gather current by a col- lector pressing on the under, and on the up journey by one pressing against the upper surface "of the conductor. The sidings into the premises served are connected to the main line by switches .resembling those of an ordinary railway, which are normally, by means of springs, kept in their position for through traffic, but which by the agency of electricity the operator at the central station can put over so as to connect with the sidings, The tracks enter the premises one above the other, but, if there is room available, they then diverge and effect a junction, so that trucks can be shifted from the down to the up line without lifting them off the rails. On entering a siding I a truck automatically signals the operator that it is clear of the main line, and on running into the premises it is brought up by means of catches and springs, which are depressed in one direction only, and which also serve to announce its arrival by ringing electric bells, and prevent its being returned by error or design into the tube on the wrong track. The connections of the motor are so arranged that a truck, even if placed on the wrong line, would not move backwards so as to cause a collision. The up track is blocked at the sending end, so that, although a truck may be placed on the up siding ready for despatch, it cannot obtain propelling current until the operator has a clear road for it. He then electrically removes the block, and gives the truck current by which it is brought into the central. The operators have thus complete control over the movements of trucks. Goods could be delivered during the night, and empty trucks sent into the various sidings for next day's traffic. If desired, collisions could be prevented between trucks in motion in the same direction by automatic blocks. The paper claimed that such a system would prove of immense service if existing between the chief and branch post-offices of a city, between railway goods -stations, parcel receiving offices, and large business establishments, etc. The delivery of letters, telegrams, and parcels could be effected 'by the Post-office to subscribers without the aid of postmen, while matter for despatch by post: ana telegrams, ,together with the money to defray the charges thereon, could -be forwarded by sub- scribers to the post-office. For post- office work the system would simply be a great-development. I, of the existing pneuinatio tubes. It is?" not; .contended that such a system would pay if constructed specially for parcel work, j.although the surprising developments of the last decade scarcely permit of limits being assigned to the ppssible developments of the next;; but the author assumes that the construction of- subways beneath all the chief thoroughfares of; large towns for the purpose of containing electric Jigbt and power leads, telephone wires, pipes for gas, fresh water, sea water, hydraulic power, compressed-air, and other adjuncts of our com-, plex civilisation, will shortly become an al»ipluteJ necessity. A beginning in that direction hasfbeen made under the auspices of limited companies in some American cities, and we must sooner or later follow suit. Then when that time arrives an electrical parcel exchange could be carried out effectively and economically as part of the scheme. Our footpaths and carriage-ways will eventually be laid upon the lids of huge boxes, through which well-lighted pathways, affording crossings and short cuts for passengers at congested spots, may even be carried. Following a few remarks by the CHAIRMAN, Sir FREDERICK 0RAMWELL said the author had very well thought out the difficulties attendant on such a system as was proposed, and so far as he- (the speaker) could see he had overcome them all. *The only question was would it pay ? He (Sir F. BramweII) had had some experience in tunnelling, and he believed the cube of the tunnel could not be made for less-than £13 to £20 per lineal yard. Mr BtNNiE said this i<fea might be worked, between the central and branch stations in London, and he had no doubt the post-office authorities would'introduce such a system before 'long, Mr GBEATHEAD thought the time was some- what distant when they could have a complete system of subways such as would be required to bring the scheme into operation. Mr BENNETT said he had considered this ques- tion of subways, and he found that it would be necessary to make a clean sweep of the existing mains and begin over again. The post-office would soon have to adopt some such system to "7rneet their requirements, and they must be the -authorities to initiate the scheme. The parcels post was growing, and a small army of men and mail-carts were employed in the transmission of the parcels. Mons. BENIEB then described the hot air motor called after him. The lecture was illustrated by drawings of the various parts of the engine. The question of hot or caloric engines has greatly interested the scientific and engineering world for years. It has been generally admitted that the discovery of aleaIly gOQd hot air engine would be of tha greatest importance from Sconomic and other considerations—amongst other advantages, boilers, with attending expense and danger, being entirely done away with. A considerable number of these engines are already in use in France and elsewhere on the Continent for industrial, electric-lighting, and other pur- poses. Several have been supplied to the French Government for use in lighthouses and fog-horn lightships. The air passes through the fire itself directly into the combustion-chamber. With this type of engine a much greater initial pressure can be obtained, he maintained, than in engines using a separate Combustion-chamber, where the air Is heated through an intervening metallic diaphragm. The drawing up of the grit Mid ashes is completely prevented in the present Actor, this latter feature forming an important part of the invention. The engine is constructed on the beam principle, and the combustion- chamber is really a prolongation of the working cylinder. The consumption of coke is about 31bs. (one kilogramme and a half) per horse- power and per hour. Other papers of a technical character were read and discussed, and the business of the Section, concluded.
LADY BUTE'S GARDEN PARTY.
LADY BUTE'S GARDEN PARTY. Among the many disappointments which must be recorded in connection with the meeting of the British Association at Cardiff this year, Tuesday's garden party, given by the Marchioness of Bute in the Castle grounds, and which was almost completely spoiled by the rain, was probably the most regrettable. To some extent, Saturday's excursions were spoiled at the last hour, and the unsettled state of the weather last week had the effect of limiting the numbers attending all the excursions, and causing one to be abandoned alto- gether. After so wet a week as that which ended on Saturday, it was only reasonable to hope that the weather would really take up," and the I LADY BUTE. I garden party given by Lady Bute, with attendant bright sunshine, compensate somewhat for the depressingly dull and wet days which have been experiencea during the visit ef the British Asso- ciation tp the town. The whole of the holders of the Association tickets were invited to the grounds on Tuesday by the Marchioness; and in addition to that list of over fifteen hundred there were special invitations to local residents sent out, bringing up the total to nearly three thousand. Every one was expecting an enjoyable time, but the rain during the past few days has justified the clown's song, For the rain it raineth every day," and on Tuesday it crowned all by a steady and almost incessant downpour from mormng till night. Instead of three thousand, the guests numbered about 300. Admission was gained to the grounds by the lodge gate near Canton Bridge, and to the left, in a sheltered spot, where the trees formed a crescent, there had been erected a band stand, a covered plat- form, and two refreshment marquees. The band of the Penarth Batteries of the 2nd Glamorgan Artillery Volunteers (by the permission of Colonel Ingram), under the baton of Mr Paul Draper, took up a position on the stand, bnt were obliged to move to the larger refreshment tent, where they played a really fine selection of music. The comments of the visitors on the playing of the band were unanimous and unreservedly flattering; and the two clarionet solos, given in a finished style by Mr C. Draper, R.C.M., were especially admired. The coverad platform had been erected for the Rhondda Glee Society, and Mr Tom Stephens conducted his large choir of male voices through several Welsh airs, to the immense delight, a'nd curiosity of the—shall we say foreigners t The rain spoiled tho party, bufe not altogether. For the first hour and a half it was all rain outside, while inside the large marquee there was a busy crowd talking science principally meteor- ology talking about old acquaintances, and the many incidents of the British Association meeting, and accompanying it, in true English fashion, by the despatch of wines, ices, and numerous other delicacies. The catering had been admirably done by Mr S. P. Hunt, of the Park HQtel, and his efforts were fully appreciated by the visitors. The Marquis of Bute seemod to have conceived the idea of giving the visitors to the town an opportunity of making the acquaintance of a really Welsh national institution, for he had secured the services of 'the Rhondda Glee Society and issued a programme of Welsh airs in the vernacular, even to the headline, "Rhaglen, and he stood by the platform regardless of the rain till it ceased a little, and then by his presence encouraged the visitors to venture from the canvas covering into the open. The concert which was given proved interesting and mirthful, for the programme taxed the philological powers of the Saxons. As air after air was sung with remarkable precision and harmony, one of the British Association visitors called out to a member of the choir nearest him. Can you inform an ignorant Saxon what you aresinjing ?" and turned tho laugh upon himself. And the Celt informed the" ignorant Saxon" that it was the Welsh national hymn, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau." There was then a call for "The Men of Harlech," the singing of which all present enjoyed, and the choir and audience joined in singing the martial air. The singing of the Welsh choir was the feature of the afternoon, and Mr Tom Stephens had frequently tf acknowledge to the hearty "bravos" which the singing called forth. The few who attended the party admired the music, the singing, and the beautiful grounds, but one and all deplored the weather. The musical programme was as follows :— Quick March "Forward" Doppler. Overture "Zampa" Herold. Russian Dance Pas des Patineurs Glinka. Piccolo ergeafit, Lewis. Selection Reminiscences of 8cotlind Godf-rey. Solo "Air Varie," No. 2 Motir. Clarinet Mr C. Draper. R.C.M. Overture Guillaume Tell .Rossini. Divertissment for Clarionet Les Alsaciennes"ie Thiere. Mr C. Draper, R.C.M. Song. "The Star of Bethlehem" Adams. Cornet: Mr Sansom. WELSH AIRS BY THE RHOXDDA GLEE SOCIETY. Air Llwyn Onn." Air Bugeilio'r Gweiiitli Gwyn.' Air Ymdaith Gwyr Harlech." Ai Rhyfelgan y Mwncod." .Dr. Parry Air. Cydgan y Morwyr." Dr. Parry Air Rhyfelgyrch Cadben Morgan." Air Hen Wlad fy Nhadau." J. James LIST OF INVITATIONS. The following is a list of the invitations issued Atkinson, Mr and Mrs R. W., OakflckV RomiUy-road, Cardiff. Allen, Mr Walter, Grasmeve, Roath, Cardiff. Allen, Mr W. Spiller, Grasmere, Roath, Cardiff. Andrews, Councillor and Mrs, 163, Newport-road, Cardiff. Aylward, Mr and Mrs, 4, Pembroke-terrace, Cardiff. Alexander, Miss, Park-place, Cardiff. Aberdare, Lord and Lady and party, Dyffryn, Mountain Ash. Arnold, Professor and Mrs, 4, Conway.road, Cardiff. Allen, Mrs, Grasmere, Roath, Cardiff. Allen, the Misses, Grasmere, Roath, Cardiff. Anderson, Mr Francis, The Castle, Cardiff. Angel, Mr M. and Mrs, 17, Mount Stuart-square, Cardiff. Anderson, Mr and Mrs G., 5, James-straet, Docks, Cardiff. Ambrose, Mr and Mrs, 4, Richmond-terrace, Cardiff. Adams, Mr and Mrs E. R., 5, Hickman-road. Penarth. Ashby, Mr and Mrs, 15, Oakfield-street, Cardiff. Allison, Mr Oswald and Mrs, 268, Newport-road, Cardiff. i- Alexander, Mr Ivor, 12, Park-place, Cardiff. Allen, Mr and Mrs James, 49, Park-place. Cardiff. Andrews, Mr and Mrs Solomon, 47, Newport-road, Cardiff. Allen, Mr, County Offices, Cardiff. Andrews, the Rev P. N. and Mrs, 7, Park-grove,Cardiff. Ambrose, the Rev C. and Mrs, Paget-street, Cardiff. Browne, Mr and Mrs T. Forster and the Misses, Alston House, Cardiff. Beynon, Mr J. W. and Mrs, Castleton, Cardiff. Bush, Mr and Mrs James, Bryn Asaph, Cardiff. Bradley, Mr and Mrs W. and Master and Miss, 15, St. Andrew's-crescent, Cardiff. Blosse, Mr H. F. Lynch, Pendyris, Conwav-road, Cardiff. Blosse, Miss Lynch, Pendyris, Conway-road, Cardiff. Bassett, Mr Alexander B. and Mrs, Cleverall, Llandaff. Bruce, Mrs Lewis, Manor House, St. Nicholas, Cardiff. Bruce, the Misses, Manor House, St. Nicholas, Cardiff. Buist, Mr and Mrs J. J., 10, The Parade, Tredegar- ville, Cardiff. Bell, Mr and Mrs W. Francis, Canonbie, Merthyr Vale. Bruce, Mr and Mrs, Llanmaes, St. Farm's. Berkeley, Mr C. M. and Mrs, Caerphilly, Cardiff. Brain, Mr and Mrs, Roxburgh, Penarth. Brain, Miss, Roxburgh, Penarth. Bovey, Mr and Mrs John, Spring Bank, Penarth. Bovey, Mr T. A., Penarth. Cardiff. Bovey, Miss, Spring Bank, Penarth. Brogden, Mr and Mrs James, Porthcawl, Bridgend. Beavan, Councillor E. and Mrs, Albert Villa, Roath, Cardiff. Barbier, Mons. and Madame Paul, Univ. Coll. of S. Wales and Monmouthsttre, Cardiff. Ballinger, Mr and Mrs J., 13, Plasturton Gardens, Cardiff. Brewex, Mr and Mrs J. W., 10, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Butler, Mr and Mrs S., Braidlea, Stoke Bishop, near Bristol. Bain, Mr and Mrs Donald, Radnor Lodge, Clifton, Bristol. Boel, Mons. Paul, Park Hotel, Cardiff. Burt, Mr J., J.P., 103, Roath-road, Cardiff. Burt, Miss, 103, Roath-road, Cardiff. Boucher, Mr and Mrs, G. W.R. Co., Cardiff. Begg, Mr and Mrs, Glendalough Villa, Partridge-road, Cardiff. Brukewich, Mr and Mrs S., Cefn Ila, Oakfield-street, Cardiff. Bregeon, Mr and Mrs, Hollanton, Marine-parade, Penarth. Beynon, Mr and Mrs T., Bryn Ivor Hall, Castleton. Mon. Beynou, Miss, Bryn Ivor Hall, Castleton, Mon. Barras, Sir and Mrs, Holme Lacy, Penarth. 1 Balmer, Mr and Mrs (Stallybrass & Co.), Cardiff. Blakemore, Mr and Mrs W:, 81, Newport-road, Cardiff. Bedlington, Mr R., Gadlys House, Aberdare. Bishop, Mr and Mrs Joseph, The Knoll, Abergavenny. Bridcut, Mr and Mrs Robert, 24, Hamilton-street, Canton, Cardiff. I Bailey, Mr and Mrs T. II., Pentrebach House, Merthyr Tydfil. Butler, Mr, Western Mail-Reporter. Bowles, Mr, Engineer's Office, Bute Docks, Cardiff. Bage, Mrs and the Misses, 6'0, Newport-road, Cardifl. Booker, Mrs and party, Sealawn, Southerndown. Bird, 5Ir and Mrs R. and the Misses, Ellerslie, Cardiff. Barry, and Mrs J. T- Duke-street, Cardiff. Barry, Mr and Mrs E., Duke-strest, Cardiff. Barnett, Mr Louis and Miss, Windsor-place, Cardiff.! Bryan, Miss, Hatherleigh, Newport. Batty, Mr J., 7, Margaret-street, Cardiff. Brukewich, Mr and Mrs S., St. Fagans. Bieffit. Mr and Mrs G., Park-plaee, Cardiff. Breffit, Mr Ernest, Llandaff-place, Llandaff. Beck, Rev F. J., Clergy House, Newport-road, Cardiff. ,Bkley, Rev J. C., 43, Splott-road, Cardiff. I'■»tier, Rev R. J., St Paul's, Cardiff. Bailey, Rev J., St Peter's, Cardiff. Brady, Rev W., St Paul's, Cardiff. Brown, Air J., 22, Woodville-road, Cardiff. Burt, Mr and Mrs, Adamsdown Schools, Cardiff. Blaiberg, Mr and Mrs S., Pembroke-terrace, Cardiff. Corbett, Mr W. S., Y Fron, Pwllypant. Carey, Alderman and Mrs P. W., 15, Pembroke- terrace, Cardiff. Clark, Mr G. T., Talygarn, Llantrisant. Clark, Miss, Talygarn, Llantrisant. Carvick, Mr and Mrs R. H., 15, Westbourne-road, Penartb. Cousins, Mr and Mrs H., 13, St Andrew's-crescent, Cardiff. Cousins, Miss, 13, St Andrew's-crescent, Cardiff. Cory, Mr and Mrs John, Vaindre Hall, St Mellons. Crawshay, Mr and Mrs Tudor, Bonvilstone House, Cardiff. Cosslett, Mr and Mrs D., Ynisbon, Leckwitli. Coleman, Mr and Mrs Sidney, Rose Mount, Penarth. Chambers, Mr G. W., 16, Llanblethian-gardens, Cardiff. Cooke, Mr H. W., 77, Newport-road, Cardiff. Cory, Mr Clifford, Vaindre Ilall, St Mellons. Creswell, Col. and Mrs, Dowlais. Coleman, Mr and Mrs G. T., The Hawthorns, Llandaff. Cory, Councillor and Mrs J. H., Hightield, Penarth. Cory, Mr and Mrs II. B., Melrose, St Mellons, Cardiff. Clarry, Mr and Mrs G., Penlee, Penarth. Colquhoun, Mr W., 54, Park-place, Cardiff. Coward, Mr and Mrs P. H., 1, East Grove, Cardiff. Common, Mr and Mrs 3. F. P., 3, Gloss op-t err ace, Cardiff. Collins, Mr and Mrs H. Ellis, Duffryn, St. Nicholas. Cornish, Mr H. and Miss, Castle-street, Cardiff. Cory, Alderman Richard and Mrs and the Misses, Oscar House, Cardiff. Carr, Councillor L, Western Mail, Cardiff. Clark, Mr and Mrs Godfrey L., 19, South Audley-st., W. Christie, Mr and Mrs John, Baynton House, Llandaff. Cope, Mr Matthew and Mrs, St. Mellons, nr. Cardiff. Cope, Mr W., St. Mellons, near Cardiff. Creke, Mr and Mrs F., Melverton Villa, Knowle. Callaghan, Mr and Mrs T. J., 17, Richmond-rd, Cardiff." Charleton, Lieutenant, The Barracks, Cardiff. Cory, Mr and Mrs M., Westre House, Penarth. Corfield, Captain and Mrs, 51, Mount Stuart-square, Cardiff. Colquhoun, Mr and Mrs James, Roslyn House, Park- place, Cardiff. Christie, Mr and Mrs C. W., Bonvilstone. Campbell, (i>lonel and Mrs, Dowlais. Clements, Mr and Mrs, Cardiff. Cuthbert, Mr and Mrs, Rockfield House, 43, The Parade, Cardiff. Cowbridge, The Mayor and Mayoress of. Campbell, Dr and Mrs, Castle-road, Cardiff. Collings, Mr, 6, Kingsville-terrace, Caejrleon. Capper, Mr R., 18, Parliament-st., Westminster, S.W. Carr, Mr, Collector of Customs, Cardiff. Curdinaed, The Rev P. J., St. Mary's, Canton. Cory, Mr and Mrs, Celyn Farm, Llanishen. Cabarrus, L., County Club, Cardiff. Coe, The Rev H. A., 51, Loudoun-square, Cardiff. Crichton, The Rev.— Clergy House, Cardiff. Cormack, The Rev G., St Peter's Presbytery, Cardiff. Case, Mr and Mrs F., Queen-street, Cardiff Cox, The Rev T. J. and Mrs, Guildford-street, Cardiff. Cooi, Mr and Mrs G., Crwys-road School, Cardiff. Clarke, Mrs and Miss, 13, Windsor-place, Cardiff. David, The Rev and Mrs, St Fagan^s Rectory, Cardiff. David, Miss, St Fagan's Rectory, Cardiff. David, Mr E. U., St Fagan's Rectory, Cardiff. David, Miss, Ely Rise, Llandaff. Davey, Mr and Mrs H. W., 53, Newport-road, Cardiff. David, Miss, The Hendre, Llandaff. Downing, The Rev W. A. and Mrs, Llandaff rDowning, Mr and Mrs C Charles-street, Cardiff. Dalziel, Mr and Mrs vv. G., 40, Plymouth-road, Pemrth. Dawson, Mr and Mrs P., Crwys Bychan, Cardiff. Davies, Mr and Mrs J. Stanley House, Cardiff. Davies, Miss, Bryngolwg, Aberdare. Duncan, Mr A., Glenholme, Penarth. D unmven, Lovd and Lady, Kenry House, Putney Vale, London. Daniel, Mr and Mrs E. R., Cwmgelly, Swansea. Davies, Mr and Mrs F. L., Maindiff Court, Aberga- venny. Downing, Mr E. L., 53,-Bute-street, Cardiff., David, Miss, 45, The Walk, Cardiff. Dawson, Mr and Mrs T. J., Celli Graig, Abertillery. Duncan, Mr and Mrs J: T., Wenvoe, Cardiff. David, Mr and Mrs George, 199, Newport-road, Cardiff. Davies, Mr David, assistant-editor Western Mailt Cardiff. David, Mrs E., The Hendrp, Llandaff. Duncan, Mr and Ali, J. Park-place, Cardiff. Duncan, Mr David, Newport-road, Cardiff. Davies, the Rev D., St John's Vicarage, Cardiff. Dalrymple, The Hon. and Rev R. M., Clergy House Llandaff. Dawson, the Rev J. E., 43, Splott-road, Cardiff. Dawson, Miss, 43, Splott-road, Cardiff. Davies, Rev Thos., H.M. Prison, Cardifl. Davies, Mr D. G.. 64, Crwys-road, Oavdiff. Davies, Mr Dd., Catherine-street, Cardiff. Davies, Mr John E., Ryder-street, Cardiff. Davies, the Rev J. R and Mrs., Mount Stuart-square, Caitiff. Davies, the Rev C. and Mrs, Tabernacle, Cardiff. David, Mr and Mrs, (Robinson, David and Co. Cardiff). Davies, Mr and Mrs T. A., Gordon-road, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mrs Franklen, Llwynarthan, Cas- tleton. Evans, Miss, Llwynarthan, Castleton. Evans, Dr and Mrs F.. W., 21, Charles-street,. Cardiff. Edwards, the Rev Canon, St Andrew's Rectory, Dinas Powis. Edwards, Misses, St. Andrew's Rectory, Dinas Powis. Evans, Mr and Mrs Richard, 44, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mrs Thomas, 29, Park-place, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mra C.^Chivergtone House, Park-place, Cardiff. Earl, Mr E., 36, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Earl, Miss, 36, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Evans, Mr Llewellyn, The Firs, Caerleon. Evans, Mr R. Y., 14, Park-place, Cardiff. England, Mr and Mrs E., 16, Park-place, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mrs H. Jones, Greenhill, Whitchurch. Evans, Mr and;Mrs William, Llwyncelyn, Merthyr. Elliott, Professor, University College, Cardiff. Edwards, Sir and Mrs Fred, Newport-road, Cardiff. Edwards, Mr and Mrs James, Penarth. Eyre, Captain. Drill Hall, Cardiff. Edwards, Dr and Mrs, Springfield, Cardiff. Evans, Mrs and Miss, 30, Newport-road, Cardiff. Eccles, Mr J. P., The Exchange, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mrs Evan, 36, Park-place, Cardiff. Edmunds, Air and Mrs David, Whitchurch, Cardiff. Earl, Mr and Mrs H., 9, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Ensor, Mr and Mrs T. H., and the Misses, Llanishen. Evening Express, The Editor of the. Elliott, Mr and Mrs A., 1, Richmond-terrace, Cardiff. Elliott, Mr J., senr., 18, St. Andrew's-crescent. Cardiff. Evans, Mr Gr-ifffth, 7, St. Peter-street, Cardiff. Edwards, Rev Professor, Ebenezer, Cardiff. Evans, Mr and Mrs Evan, Stacey-road Schools, Cardiff. Evans, Mr Luke, Whitchurch. Evans, Mr and Mrs Thomas, Whitchurch. Forrest, Mr a.nd Mrs It*. Greenwood, St. Fisher, Mr and Mrs H. O., The Highlands, Llandough. r niton, Alderman and Mrs, Ivy House, Park-place, Cardiff. Franks, Mr John, 3, Dock Chambers, Cardiff. Frazer, Mr J., Frazer and Co., Bonded Stores, Docks. Fisher, Miss, Raùyr. Foster, Air and Mrs, Bella Vipta, Park-road, Pena.rth. Funnell, Mr and Mrs, 7, East Grove, Cardiff. Franklen, Mr and MrsT. M.,St. Hilary,near Cowbridge. Fardo, Mr G., Post Office, Cardiff. Fardo.Miss, Post Office, Cardiff. Fry, Mr and Mrs E. C., Lynewood, Cardiff. Ferner, Mr and Mrs J. B., and Miss, Penarth. CardiffC' aD(* ^rS' Llanbleddian-gardens, F°Car(lifF^ Exchange Buildings, Mountstuart-square, SMfitt0vre' Mlianc' Mrs c-> Cowbridge-road, Cardiff. Mrs' R'chmond-terrace, Cardiff. Mro11C} ^rs' ^ampville, Cathedral-road, Cardiff. r'vTJV;n ^}<l J-, Llandaff House, Llandaff. Gieenhil Mr and Mrs F. R., Penarth. Greenhill, Tne Misses, Penarth Greenhill, Tne Misses, Penarth Grover, Mr and Mrs H. LI., Pontypridd. Grasdorfr, Mr and Mrs, Newport Guthrie, Mrs and Mra, Acacia. House, Penarth. Grant, Mr J. P., Robinson, David and Co., Cardiff. Galloway, Mr W., 19, Newport-road, Cardiff Grover, Mr Montague, Queen-street, Cardiff. Gavey, Mr and Mrs, Cleeve House, Cardiff. Giddy, Lieutenant (R.E.), Cardiff. Goodyer. Mr and Mrs, Seaberry House, Newport-road Cardiff. J Gerhold, Mr and Mrs, 44, Queen-street, Cardiff. Giffard, Captain, The Barracks, Cardiff. Gunn, Mr and Mrs M., Preswylfa, near Cardiff. Grylls, Mr and Mrs, The Pines, Llanishen. Grylls, Mr (junr.), The Pines, Llanishen. Griffin, Mr and Mrs A. J., 4, Queen-street, Cardiff. Goss, Mr F. A., Newport. « Gueret, Mr and Mrs Louis, Castleford, Chepstow, £ reatrex> Mr and Mrs, 50, Loudoun-square, Cardiff. » Greenhill, Mr (jnnr.), Town Hall, Cardiff Gardiner. MrsJ. S., 13, Park-place, Cardiff. Griffith, Dr and Mrs, Newport-road, Cardiff. Gibbs, Mr and Mrs, 31, Park-place, Cardiff. Grant, Mr amlMrs 55, Loudoun-squave, Cardiff. Govan, the Rev G. A., Canton Rectory. GaIIini, the Rev F., Penylan, Cardiff. Gough, Mr and Mrs T., 1, Clifton-street, Cardiff. Gladstone, Mr, Herbert-chambers, Cardiff Giffiths, Rev C. and Mrs, Woodville-road, Cardiff. Gibbon, Mr and Mrs H., 185, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Gale, Mr and Mrs H., Metal-street Schools, Cardiff. Green, Mr and Mrs J. II., Splot Schools, Cardiff. Greig, Mr and Mrs W., Severn-road, Cardiff. Gardner, Miss, e.o. G. Brefflit, Park-place, Cardiff. Heitzman, Mr C. A., The Holmes, Penarth. Heitzman, The Misses, The Holmes, Penarth. Hamilton, Mr and Mrz F. de Courcey, Ballymaeoll, Canton. Hacquoil, Mr J. P., Castlefleld, Rumney. Hacquoil, Mrs and Mis3,17, Windsor-place, Cardiff! Harpur, Mr and Mrs W., 197, Severn-road, Cardiff Hooper, Mr and Mrs R., 24, Park-place, Cardiff. Hardyman.Dr and Mrs, 110, Queen-stroet, Cardiff. Hojer, Mr (J A., Exchange Buildings, Docks. Hunter, Mr and Mrs G., 258, Newport-road, Cardiff. Horder, Dr and Mrs, 29, Charles-street, Curdiff. Hill, Col. and Mrs and party, Rookwood, Llalldaff. -Heath, Mr and Mrs, Penybryn, Maindy. Hurman, Mr and Mrs J., Wyndcliffe, Newport-road, Cardiff. Hood, Mr W. W., Glyn Cornel, Llwynypia. Howard, Mr and Mrs S. and Mr C., Llanishen Rise, Cardiff, Howell, Mr T., The Walk, Cardiff. Howard, Mr and Mis, The Prison, Cardiff. Howard, Miss, The Prison, Cardiff. Hunt°.r, Miss, Rosemont, Newport-road, Cardiff. Hibbbrt, Mr and Mrs A., 38, Park-place, Cardiff. Heywood, Mr and Mrs T. M., 46,Richmond-rd., Cardiff. Hallett, Mr and Mrs J. H., Maindy Lodge, Cardiff. Hawkins, Mr and Mrs W. L., Chamber of Commerce, Cardiff. Hacquoil, Miss, Castlefleld, Rumney. Hanford, Rev G. W. and Mrs, St Andrew's Vicarage, Cardiff. Hurley, Councillor and Mrs, Allen's Bank, Cardiff. Hurley, Miss, Allen's Bank, Cardiff. Herne, Councillor and Mrs, Oakfield House, Cardiff. Holland, Mr and Mrs C. B., The Park, Ebbw Vala, Mon. Hensley, Mr Prosser, University College, Cardiff. Heywood, r and Mrs Witla Court, St. Mellons. wd ^r?.'Jhe Barracks, Cardiff. Ho, <te' N»wport-road, Cardiff. CanUff 3 ^ane» 116, Newport-road, Hancock, Mr and Miss E., Charnleigh Cardiff Hunter, Mr and Mrs C. L., Rosemount. Cardiff. Hart, Mr and Mrs E. A., Lamorna, Westbourne-road Cardiff. Hyde, Capt,, St. John's-crescent, Cardiff. Hyde, Miss, St. John's-crescent, Cardiff. Henby, Surgeon-Major, Barracks, Cardiff. Hick, Mr and Mrs, Bryn-y-mor, Penarth. Hurley, Mr and Mrs, 50, Plymouth-road, Cardiff, i Hallett, Mr and Mrs G., Victoria-road, Penarth. Harrison, Mr and Mrs, 57, Park-place, Cardiff. Harrison, Mr, jun., 57, Park-place, Cardiff. Heard, Mr Percy, Bute Villa, Cardiff. Heard, Miss, Bute Villa, Cardiff. Hughes, Dr and Mrs, Hamadryad Hospital Ship. Hutchinson, Dr and Mrs, Aberdare, Glauynis. Hann, Mr and Mrs E. M., Aberaman, Aberdare. Hamilton, Mr a.nd Mrs A. K., Portland House, Cardiff. Holtham, Mr and Mrs B. T., 48, Stacey-road, Cardiff. Haudcock, Mr and Mrs E., 187, Newport-road, Cardiff. Hacquoil, Mr, Mrs, and Miss, Cathedral-road, Cardiff. Hopkins, Mr, reporter, Western Mail. Heywood, Miss, care of Mr H. Heywood, St. Mellons. Heywood, Mr and Mrs C., Penarth. Heard, Mrltlld Mrs II., Newport-road, Cardiff. Lowell, Mr and Mrs James, and party. The Walk, Cardiff. Hern, Mr and Mrs, solicitor, Cardiff. Henderson, Rev A. and Mrs, 11, Glynrhondda-street, Cardiff. Hyslop, Rev A. E. H. and Mrs, All Saints' Vicarage. Harcourfc, The Rev W., 13, Longcross-street, Cardiff. Hamilton, Rev T., 13, Longcross-street, Cardiff. Hall, The Rev B 29, Glynrhondda-street, Cardiff. Hedley, The Right Rev Bishop, Llanishen Hayde, The Rev J. A., St. Peter's Presbytery. Ilaiiison, Ihe Rev G., St. Peter's Presbytery. Iiiggins, The Rev J., St. David's Presbytery Hooper, Mr and Mrs T. J., Fitzhamon Embankment, Cardiff. Harding, Mr and Mrs J., Monachty Farm, Cardiff. Hicks, Mr ancl-Mrs W. T., Duke-street, Cardiff. Heard, Mrs W. S., DuiAfries-place, Cardiff. Harris, Mr and Mrs A. J., Llanishen. Ilargreaves, The RevG.^nd Mrs, Paget-street, Cardiff. Hoylben, The Rev B., Scandinavian Church, Cardiff. Henwood, The Rev J. T. and Mrs, Miskin-street, Cardiff. Hobson, Rev Wm. and Mrs, 98, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Hardwicke, Mr and Mrs Chas., Tredegarville Schools, Cardiff. Hall, Mr J. W., Moorland-road, Cardiff. Hibbert, Mr and Mrs John, Park-place, Cardiff. Hibbert, The Misses, Park-place, Cardiff Hibbert, Mr and Mrs Walter, Park-place, Cardiff. Hancock, Mr and Mrs, Dcane House, Cardiff. Hancock, Mr and Miss, Deane House, Cardiff. Hume, Mr William, solicitor, Cardiff. Hewlett, Mrs, care of Mr D. Morgan, Maindy House. Hams, Mr H., Llandaff. Hawker, Mr and Mrs John, Windsor-esplanade, Cardiff. Hornnay, Mr Lee, Bank-buildings, Cardiff. Ingledew, Miss, Whitchurch, Cardiff. lngledew, Mr A. M„ Whitchurch, Cardiff. Ingram, Miss, Bradford-place, Penarth. Ingram, Mr R. M., Penarth. Ingram, Colonel and Mrs, Bradford-place, Peuarth. Inskip, Mr and Mrs James, Bristol. Ingram, Major and Mrs, Barracks, Cardiff. 'Insole, Mr and Mrs J. H., Llandaff. Injole, Mr and Mrs Walter, Llandaff. Insole, Mr and"Mrs F., Fail-water. Jenkins, Mr and Miss, Penylan. Jones, Mr Oliver, Fonmon Castle, Cowbridge. Jones, Alderman and Mrs D. E., Springbank, Cardiff. Jones, Mr and Mrs Edward, Snatchwood House, Ponty- pool. Jones, Major and Mrs, Bonnyrig, Penarth. Jenkins, Mr and Mrs S.W., 50, Richmond-road,Cardiff. Jones, Mr and Mrs Rees, Finchley House, Cardiff. Jone3, The Misses, Finchley House, Cardiff. Jones( Miss, Navigation House, Treliarris. Jacquemin, Monsieur and Madame, French Consulate Cardiff. Jenkins, Mr and Mrs J. Blandy, Llanharan, Bridgend Jenkins, The Misses, Llanharan, Bridgend. Jenkins, Sir John Jones and Lady, The Grange Swansea, ° Jones, Mr W. Southwell, North British Insurance Company. Jeffries, Miss, Plas Newydd, Penarth Jaegar, Miss, 54, Park-place, Cardiff. James, Mr Ivor, Hendre, Roath. James, Miss, Hendre, Roath. Jones, Mr and Mrs J. Viriamu, Hillside, Caerphilly. Jones, Mr and Mrs E. 0., Castlefleld, Cardiff. James, Mr and Mrs W. P., The Lindens, Cardiff. James, The Misses, The Lindens, Cardiff. Jamss, CounciUor and Mrs, 158, Cowbridge-road, Cartliff. Jacobs, Alderman and Mrs.Llancarfan House, Charles- street, Cardiff, Jacobs, Miss, Llancarfan House, Charles-street, Cardiff. Jothaiii, Councillor and Mrs, West House, Penarth. Jones, Mr and Mrs John, Newport-road, Cardiff. Jenkins, Mr and Mrs R., 199, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Jones, Rev G. Hart well, University College, Cardifl. Jone3, Miss, University College, Cardiff. James, Mr and Mrs A. P., Park-place, Cardiff. Jones, Alderman David and Miss, Oak Villa, Richmond- road, Cardiff. Jenkins, Councillor and Mrs, 24, Christina-street, Cardiff. Joseph, Mr A. H.,61, Carlisle-street, The Moors, Cardiff. Jugo, Sergt. and Madame, Mexican Consulate, Cardiff. James, Mr and Mrs Samuel, 1, Madras Villas, Roatn, Cardiff. James, Miss; 1, Madras Villas, Roath, Cardiff. James, Mr C. Russell, Courtland House, Merthyr. Jenkins, Mr and Mrs William, Ystradfechan, Treorky. Jones, Mr and Mrs C. H., Malvern Villa, Cardiff. James, The Misses, Merthyr Vale. t road Card'ff Jones, Mr J. A., and Mrs, 206, Newport-road, Cardiff. Joseph, Mr W. W., Colwinstone House. Colwmstone. Jenkins, Lieut., Barracks, Cardiff- m James, Mr Treharne, Ty Gwyn, Merthyr Tydfil. Jones, Mr Rees and Mrs. „ Jackson, Mr and Mrs ,C- J-, Bircawood Grange, Penylan, Cardiff. n Jeffries, Mr and Mrs, PlMnewydd, Penarth. Jones, Mrs J. Emlyn and Miss, AJanwallig, Chepstow- road, Newport. Jonea, the Rev G. A-, 51, loudoun-square, Cardiff. Jeuner, The Rev E. L-,51, Loudoun-square, Cardiff. Jones, The Rev Rot>t-, The Rectory, Canton. Jones, The Rev D. A. The Rectory, Canton. Jones, The Rev L., Llanaough. Jones, The J- • and Mrs, Wordsworth-street, Roath, Cardiff. Jones, The Rev Owen, and Mrs, 8, Northcote.street, Cardiff- Jones, The Rev S., and Mrs, 83, Splott-road, Cardiff. Jones, The Rev T., and Mrs,2, Longcross-street. Cardiff. C rdiff » ail(i Mrs, 3, Llandough-street, T., and Mr3, Salem ChaPel> Splot. lanas, CardIff. ;Jones, The v Cynddylaa, and Mrs, 71, Richmond- road, Cardiff. *r°Cardiff anc* Mrs, Loudoun-square, Jones, The Rev B. T., and Mrs, Keppoch-street, Cardiff. Jenkins, Mr and Mrs John, 203, Newport-road, Cardiff. James, Mr and Mrs Enoch, 195, Newport-road, Cardiff. Jones, Mr and Mrs Griffith R., Pontypridd. Jones, Dr. and Mrs, Troedyrhiw. Jones, Mr and Mrs A. P., Aberdare. rr"!t°i an(l Mrs E. Jfl Tregroes, Bridgend. Kirkhouse, Mr aud Mrs ii., Bryn Bedw. 'i'ylorstown. Kempson, Mr T. R., Biixhtield, Bromyard. Kingdom, Mr and Mrs C. VV., Hoimesdale, Penarth. Krieger, Mr and Mrs, The Mount, Penarth. Kelly, Mrs S. W., The Elms, Cardiff. Kelly, Miss Hilda, natherleigh, Newport. Kelly, Miss Ethel, Hatherleigh, Newport. ICyte, the Rev J. L., St. John's Vicarage, Cardiff. Kyle, Mr and Mva W. J. Newport-road, Cardiff. Keen, the Rev J. 0..and Mrs, 40, Stacey-road, Cardiff Kent, Mr and Mrs Edward, Grange Schools, Cardiff. Llandaff, the Right Rev The Lord Bishop of, and party. Llandaff, the Very Rev the Dean of, and party. Lewis, Mr and Mrs Evan, Bryn Deviven, Llandaff. -ë\- -I Lewis, the Misses, Bryn DevivMi, Llai^dafJ. Lewis, Mr W. H., 2, Charles-street, Cardiff. Lewis, Aid. D. and Mrs and party, Trevcxian House Park-place, Cardiff. Leigh, Mr and Mrs J. Nasli, 32, Pirk-place, Cardiff. Lewis, Mrand Mrs Arthur, l'rene\iydd_ Llandaff. Lindsay, Captain, Chief Constable's Office Canton. Leigh, Dr and Mrs, Glyn Bargoed, Tieharris Lewis, Mr and Mrs T. W., Gibes ton Minor, Cowbridge. Lewis, Lieut. Col. D. Rees, Wellington-Street Merthyr Lewis, Miss, Wellington-street, Merthyi. Luco.ich, Count and Countess, The Rise, Llandaff, Lee, Mr and Mrs E. P., Penbee, Tredegai-ille. Lewis, Mr and Mrs James, Plas Draw, Abtrdare Lorange, Mr and Mrs, Penarth. Lewis, Councillor and Mrs W., Lyncoml? Vila, Cardiff Llewelyn, Sir John T. D. and Lady, Pnllercare. Swansea. Llewelyn, Miss. Penllergare, Swansea. Lewis, Sir W. T. and Lady, The Mardy, Aberdfc-e. Lewis, the Misses, The Mardy, Aberdare. Lewis, Mr T. G. E.. The Mardy, Aberdare. Langley, Mr and Mrs A. F., Peterstone-super-Ely. Lee, General, Dinas Powis, Cardiff. Lyne, Col., Newport, Mon. Leizi, Effendi, Turkish Consulate, Cardiff. Lander, Mr and Mrs H., 180, Newport-road, Cardiff, Lundie, "Irand Mrs C., 32, Newport-road, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr C. H., Treforgan House, Park-place, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs Benj, 1, Fitzalan-place, Cardiff. Lawrence, Mr and Mrs A., Trevarno, Cathedral-road. Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs Harry, Greenmeadow. Lindsay, Captain Morgan and Mrs, Ystradmynach, Cardiff. Lennox, Mr and Mrs Gordon, Pontypridd. Lewis, Mr and Mrs W. M., 132, Richmond-road, Car. diff. Lovie, Mr and Mrs Bruce, Boyndie House, Cardiff. Lee, Mr (Lee and Co.), Docks, Cardiff. Lee, Mr and Mrs Mark, 8, Llandaff-road, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs W. H., Bryn Rhos, Llanishen. Lewis, Mr, jun., Bryn Rhos, Llanishen. Lewis, Mr D. (Barrister), Swansea. Lewis, Mr and Mrs T., Dinas Powis. Lace, Mr and Mrs H., Newport-road, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs D. E.,57, Park-place, Cardiff. Lewis, The Misses, 57, Park-place, Cardiff. Lowe, Miss, c/o J. L. Wheatley, 174, Newport-road, Cardiff. Lewis, The Rev J. H., 51, Loudoun-square, Cardiff. Lamport, Rev C. W. and Mrs, 69, Eldon-street-, Cardiff. Lock, Mr and Mrs F. S., St. Andrew's-place, Cardiff, Lewis, Mr Augustus. Newport-road, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs W., Duke-street, Cardiff. Lewis, Miss, Dnke-street, Cardiff. Lewis, Mr and Mrs H. W., Abercannaid, Merthyr. Lewis, Miss, Abercannaid, Merthyr. Lewis, Mr and Mrs J. J., The Parade, Cardiff. Moxey, Mr and Mrs E. R., Barry House. Mxey, Miss, Barry House. Mdxey, Mr E. R., Junior, Barry House. Morris, Mr and Mrs J., Park-place, Cardiff. Morris, The Misses, Park-place, Cardiff. Morley, Mr and Mrs H., Newport-road, Cardiff. Morel, Councillor and Mrs Philip, Lavernock House, Lavernock. Martin, Mr and Mrs E. P., Dowlais. Mackenzie, Mr and Mrs W., Westeate House, Cardiff. Milburn, Mr and Mrs J. T., Waltham, Penarth. Morel, Councillor and Mrs T., The Lindens, Pen with. Morel, Mr T. E., The Lindens, Penwith. Morris, Mr A. W., Park-place, Cardiff. Mattos, Mr and Mrs D. E., 40, Westbourne.roa.c1. Penarth. Martin, Mr G. P., Dowlais. Mildon, Councillor and Mrs, Maeslech House, Cardiff. Martin, Mr and Mrs J. S., Clifton. McEHigott, Mr and Mrs E., Longside House, Cardiff. Muir, Captain and Mrs, 20, Partridge-road, Cardiff. Morgan, Mr and Mrs David, Maindy House, Cardiff. Mackintosh, The and Mrs, Cotterell, near Cardiff. Martyn, Mr O. B., Cardiff County Club. McLellan, Mr and Mrs J. W., Cardiff and County Club. Massey, Mr and Mrs Charles, Caerphilly. Morgan, Mr and Mrs W. H., Forrest House, Ponty. pridd. Morgan, Mr Owen, Western Mail, Cardiff. Matthews, Mr, Lloyd's Bank, Cardiff. Macdonald, Mr and Mrs, Inland Revenue Office, Cardiff Morgan, The Rev H., All Saints' Vicarage, Cardiff. Miller, Captain and Mrs. Marquand, Mr and Mrs, Cathedral-road, Cardiff. Marychurch, Mr John, Park-place, Cardiff. Marychurch, Miss, Park-place, Cardiff. Milburn, Mr and Mrs W., Newcastle-on-Tyne. Moore, Mr and Mrs, Duffryn, Neath. Major, Mr R., 9, Partridge-road, Cardiff. Morgan, Mr and Mrs W., Park-place, Cardiff. Moir, Mr C. M. and Miss, Charles-street, Cardiff Masson, Mr A., Uruguay Consul, Cardiff. Morgan, Colonel the Hon. F. C., Ruperra Castle, New port. Morgan, Miss, Ruperra Castle, Newport. Moore, Mr and Mrs J., Lindenwood, Park-place, Cardiff. Moore, The Misses, Lindenwood, Park-place, Cardiff. Milburn, Mr Fred, 29, Westbourne-road, Penarth. Martin, Mr and Mrs H. W., Dowlais. Milward, Dr. and Mrs, 54, Charles-street, Cardiff. Milward, Mr (jun.), 54, Charles-street, Cardiff. March, Mr and Mrs, Tregenna Castle, Llanishen. Morgan, Sir Morgan and Lady, Cathedral-road, Cardiff. Moore, the Rev. J. B., St. Peter's Presbytery, Cardiff. Matthews, the Rev. C., St. Mary's, Cardiff. Matthias, Mr W., Rawdon-place, Cardiff. Morris, Mr J. W., Park-place, Cardiff. Marment, Mr and Mrs C. P., Duke-street, Cardiff. Morel, Miss, Lavernock House, Lavernock. Morgan, Mr and Mrs D., 6, Gordon-road, Cardiff. Medhurst, Rev. T. W. and Mrs, Severn-road, Cardiff. Morris, the Rev. J. and Mrs, 68, Partridge-road, Cardiff. Morgan, the Rev. D. R. and Mrs, Severn-road, Cardiff. Mackadam, Mr and Mrs F. C., 81, Tudor-street, Cardiff. North, Mrs, Sandown, Park-place, Cardiff. North, Mr F. F., Sandown, Park-place, Cardiff. Nicholls, Mr and Mrs W., 16, Plymouth-road, Penarth Neate, Mr and Mrs W. H., Newport-road, Cardiff. Neate, Miss, Newport-road, Cardiff. Nicholls, Mr E.. 16, Plymouth-road, Penarth. North, Mr and Mrs W., Cefn Coed, Merthyr. Noel, Mr A. P., Richmond-terrace, Cardiff. Newport, the Mayer and Mayoress of, Town-halL Newport. Nixon, Mr and Mrs John, Westboume-terrafce, Hyde Park, W. North, the Rev. H. W., 212, Castle-road, Cardiff. Nicholson, the Rev. H. S., 43, Splott-road, Cardiff. Niven, Mr and Mrs T., 205, Newport-road, Cardiff. Nottingham, the Mayor of. Nottingham, the Deputy Mayor of. Owen, Mr, jun.. and Miss Hunt, Ash Hall, Cowbridge, Oldroyd, Mrs M., Hatherleigh, Newport. Owen, Judge, and Mrs, Ty-gwyn, Abergavenny. Owen, Mr and Mrs Daniel, Ash Hall, Cowbridge. Ogden, Mr and Mrs, Hatherleigh, Newport. Owen, Councillor and Mrs Evan, 27, Ruthin Gardens. Cardiff. Osborne, Mr and Mrs, St. Aubins, Weston. Ogilvie, Mr Graeme, 4, Great George-street, West- minster. O'Dwyer, Rev W., St David's Presbytery. Pratt, Mr and Mrs Bickerton, Maindee, Newport. Ponsonby, Mr A., 113, Bisliopsgate-street, E.G. Price, Dr and Mrs, 40, Park-place, Cardiff. Proger, Mr and Mrs J. G., Park-place, Cardiff. Parker, Councillor and Mrs, Shelbiook House, Penarth. Parker. The Misses; Shelbrook House, Penarth. Plain, Dr and Mrs, 6, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Pomeroy, Captain and Mrs, 201, Newport-road, Cardiff. Page, Colonel, Dulwich House, Cardiff. Pyle. Mr G. Elliott, The Friars, Newport. Pain, Mr T. and Mrs, 201, Newport-road, Cardiff. Parker, Prof. and Mrs, 74, Llalldnff-rûad, Cardiff. Powell, Prof. and Mrs T., Victoria-road, Penarth. Primavesi, Mr and Mrs, Penylan House, Cardiff. Primavesi, Miss, Pen3-lan House, Cardiff, Price, Councillor and Mrs Peter, 12, Windsor-plaee, Cardiff. Price, Mr, jun., 12, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Parry, Dr and Mrs, 23, Plymouth-road, Penarth. Pinkerton, Professor and Mrs, 7, Keppoch-street, Cardiff. Pullin, Mv W. F., University College, Cardiff. Pitman, Mr and Mrs F. J., 5, Emperor's Gate, S.W. Pengelly, Captain and Mrs, The Ferns, Peuarth. Price, Mr Richard, The Hayes, Llantwit. Price, The Misses, The Hayes, Llantwit. Powley, Captain and Mrs, The Newlands, Whitchurch. Pyman, Mr and Mrs, Park-road, Penarth. Palmer, Mr and Mrs, 5, Richmond-terrace, Cardiff. Plews, Mr and Mrs John, The Cottage, Merthyr. Penn, Mr and Mrs G. W.,214, Newport-road, Cardiff. Phillips, Mr and Mrs G., The Pines, Whitchurch. Parfitt, Captain and Mrs, Alexandra Dock House, Newport. Priee, Mr and Mrs Roger, 67, Partridge-road, Cardiff. Phillips, Mr R., Springbank, Cardiff. Pady, Mr and Mrs S., Queen-street, Cardiff. Pady, Miss, Queen-street, Cardiff. Purnell, Mr L., 1, Galston-street, Cardiff. Powell, 1\11' and Mrs W, P., Hirwain. Phillips, Mr H.W. and Miss, Pembroke-terrace, Cardiff. Pugh, The Rev. J. and Mrs, 248, Newport-road, Cardiff. Phillips, Mrand Mrs P., 24. St. Mary-street, Cardiff. Powell, Mr Geo., Bodwigiad, Hirwain. Parry, Mr Morant, North British Mercantile Insurance Co., St. Mary-street, Cardiff. Reece, Mr and Mrs E. B., 135, Newport-road, Cardiff. Rees, Councillor A. and Mrs, 46, Loudoun-square, Cardiff. Rees, Mr and Mrs Samuel, Cyfarthfa House, Cardiff. Rawlins, Col. and Mrs, 36 Oakfield-street, Cardiff. Rawlins, The Missps, 36, Oakfield-street. Cardiff. Reade, Capt. A. K., The Barracks, Cardiff, Rees, Mr and Mr J. T., The Elms, Penarth. Roti, Count and Countess, Italian Consulate, Cardiff. Rees, Mr and Mrs Daniel, Sully House, Cardiff. Rees, Miss, Sully House, Cardiff. Rhys, Mr R. J., Plasuewydd, Aberdare. Rees, Councillor Norah and Mrs, Scethroe House. Cardiff. 'Rees, Miss, Scethrog House, Cardiff Reece, Mr and Mrs Louis, Somerset House, Cardiff. Row, Mr and Miss, 19, Pembroke-terrace, Cardiff. Richards, Councillor and Mrs, St. Andrew's-crescent, Cardiff. Richards, The Misses, St. Andrew's-crescent, Cardiff. Riches, Councillor and Mrs T. H., Fernleigh, Park- grove, Cardiff, Riches, Mr, junr.. and Miss, Femleigh, Park-grove, Cardiff. Reid, Mr S. B., 29, Westbourne-road, Penarth. Ramsdale, Councillor and Mrs, Adswood House, Cardiff Ramsdale, The Misses, Adswood House, Cardiff. Reed, Sir E. J. and Lady and party, 75, Harrington- gardens, London. Roberts, Mr A. L., Glamorgan Club, Cardiff. Rees, Miss, Glandare, Aberdare. Robinson, Mr and Mrsi R. V., Maesyderi, Penarth. Rees, Mr and Mrs W. T., Aberdare. Roberts, Professor, University College, Cardiff. Rees, 35, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Rees, Mr, junr., 35, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Riley, Mr and Mrs W Jxe-.vcastle House, Bridgend. Robson, Mr and Mrs J., Somerset House, Swansea. Rowlands, Miss, Bonnyrig, Penarth. Reynolds, Sir G., Custom House, Penarth. Rees, Mr K. I., Glandare, Aberdare. Ronr.feldt, Mr and Mrs, 43, Park-place, Cardiff. Ronntelat, ihe Misses, 43, Park-place, Cardiff. Rutherford, Ml- and Mrs, Garth House, Taff's Well, Kaaclitle, Mr and Mrs H., Stanwell-road, Penarth. Robertson, Mr and Mrs, 177, Newport-road, Cardiff. Robertson, Mr, jun., 177, Newport-road, Cardiff. Rowe, Mr and Mrs P., 43, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Rhys, Miss, Plasnewydd, Aberdare. Rhys, Miss Nettie, Plasnewydd, Aberdare. Radford, Mr Arthur, 124, Bute-street, Cardiff. Ropner, Mr W. Exchange Buildings, Docks, Cardiff. Ridley, Mr T. W., 5, St. Andrew's-place, Cardiff. Ridley, Miss, 5, St. Andrew's-place, Cardiff. Radley, Mr and Mrs J., Romilly-road, Cardiff. Robinson, Mr and Mrs S, 24, Windsor-place, Cardiff. Rennick, Mr and Mrs W. H., Docks, Cardiff. Richards, Mr and Mrs T. J., 29, Stacey-road, Cardiff. Richards, Mr and Mrs David, Whitchurch. Rees, Mr and Mrs John, Dorset Bank, St. Mary-street Cardiff. Reeves, The Rev E. L., Newport-road, Cardiff. Russell, The Rev A., Clive-street, Cardiff. Rosedale, The Rev W. E., Canton Rectory. Russell, The Rev A. J. and Mrs, 14, Hickman-street, Penarth. Rees, Mr aud Mrs John, Cornerswell, Penarth. Roes, Mr Evan aud Miss, Llandough. Riches, Mr and Mrs C., Dumfries-place, Cardiff. Roberts, Rev E. R. and Mrs, Siloam, Cardiff. Rubenstein, Rev A and Mrs, 6, Lowther-road, Cardiff. Roberts, Rev D. E., 21, Fitzhamon Embankment, Cardiff. Shirley, Mr and Mrs L., Gwentland, Penarth. Strangala, Mr E. D., Merchants' Exchange, Cardiff. Symonds, Councillor and Mrs, Rectory-road, Cardiff. Simons, Mr and Mrs W., Fernleigh, Roath, Cardiff. Simons, Miss, Fernleigh, Roafh, Cardiff. Scott, Mr and Mrs W., 52, Richmond-road, Cardiff. Spearman, Sir Joseph and Lady, Llansannor Court, Cowbridge. Sheen, Dr and Mrs, Halswell House, Cardiff. Shirley, Mr and Mrs Walter, Fernbank, Penarth. Spencer, Mr C., The Old House, Llaudaff. Sant, Mr J. A., 71, Cowbridge-road, Cardiff. Smith, Mr and Mrs A., Eastbrook House, Dinas Powis, Seward, Mr and Mrs E., 55, Newport-road, Cardiff. Soldenboff, Mr and Mrs De. 14, Isewport-road, Cardiff. Shepherd, Councillor and Mrs, 66, 0&kfleld-st., Cardiff, Shepherd, Miss, 60, Oakfield-street, Cardiff. Simpson, Mr H. J., Belvedere, Cardlff. Stratford, Miss M., St. Athan Rectory. Sorley Professor and Mrs, 55, I'a.rk-place, Cardiff. Selby, Professor, University College, Cardiff. Sanders, Alderman and Mrs, Doncaster Villa, Canton. Sanders, Miss, Doncaster Villa, Canton. Shackell, Councillor and Mrs, Merlinville, Cardiff. Shackell, The Misses, Merlinville, Cardiff. Stratford, Miss F. M., St. Athan's Rectory. Sargeaunt, Mr and Mrs, 50, The Parade, Cardiff? Stnckey, Mr and MVs G. F., Oakleigh, Park-place, Car- diff. Stallybrass, Mr and Mrs, Elmswood House, Cardiff. A Stallybrass, The Misses, Elmswood House, Cardiff.IB
:SECTION E.
FLORIDA. A |»P«rr>w3f^*d Mr Arthur Montefiore, F.G.S., F.R.G.b., on the Physical and Indus- trial Geography of Honda." Dealing at first with the subject in a general way, he referred to the influence or the Gulf Stream upon the climate. As in the case of the British Islands. ibis river m the ocean" exerts a beneficial influence upon the climate of Florida Mr Wwater^ThS6! **in? "dominated A V nineteen navigable rivers, *nd about fifteen hundred lakes The rest of the v^v was devoted to an explanation of Se r^Ve^tatl0n- and industries, con ihefr d^swnt aCC°Unt of the inhabitant?, Jheir descent, and their modes of life. ■U THE RIvER VOLTA. Mr EOR.i DOBSON, reac* a paper on his stay in the^oH CoST^ Pg ?*^riences of well known a j oasc- Part of this nver is kernels bein'e- trade in palm oil and ihe West CvL on" ^ike the rivers on sand banks, aJ'JJ?" ,is obstructed by dangerous/ wj K!°g ^rough the surf id very several rw>Q- bson has experienced this, on SSriXS a^ized■ Ne»r »f two miles 9hoai high for a distance roasted discaM^6 uqnite white' caused b7 th? ■shell-fish th t sbe"si which are the remains ot sun. Th« natives roast in the which Mr Qf the expedition of buy thn io ^son had charge was to '.aid un jn^Q stock of ivory supposed to be river. [Jnf a^ah, about 250 miles up the Salaeah 3 0I?unately, when the party reached width of tk 1Vory had disappeared. The average Dobson's I Vfer 18 i'000 yards; and, in Mr tecriti'vi ^10n' there is splendid scope for a hindered j. e* During his visit commerce was War with th Ashantees, who were then at were f0i ,? ^tish. Of cannibalism, no traces human • ^ar as cot!^ oe discovered, „ sacrifiees were only practised by the be found**6] nations, Hippopotami are to Muj t- a'?ng the entire course of the river times. nu^e leasts became troublesome at 'emarkpH tk conc^uding his paper, Mr Dobson Dn tL a that owing to his having lost his notes Dai* UP by capsizing of his canoe, his as necessarily imperfect. Oobson°fe k- thanks having been passed to Mr ^WheoiL PaPer> the meeting adjourned for PAPER BY MRS BISHOP. fsabeM a?DounC(-ment that Mrs Bishop (Miss Da Bird) would, after luncheon, read a K? The Bakhtiari Country and the lnce 11 -Kiver," brought together a large atffend- fair a great projxjrtion of whom were of the dent In mtroducing the leccarer, the Presi- '•adv a tribute to the labours of the lirit-bers of the Geographical Section of the •to saVi ^ssociation. The sympathies of all had, lcl> gone out to Mrs Bishop In her wandel"- gs, and he was sure that that sympathy would 06 extended to her now. *>KHop then dealt with the most interest- count tUres oi the People °* the Bakhtiari by t>7" There was a curious interest taken bein 7? Britlsl1 people in the Bakhtiaris, t* due to cur commercial selfishness, and not 'ntrinsic merit which the inhabitants of imi; country possessed. There was, too, a ow' 1Ca 'nterest which attaches to this land, J* *» its important position between Persia 0lniIndian Empire. Mrs Bishop gratefully. Wd^* uged the labonrs of Sir Henry Laird eom "enry Rawlinson, to whom she owed the ^•npirative ease with which she and her party w through the land. The area of the country square miles, the length being 300 Jj-, The distance traversed, However, ex- 700 miles. Much credit was due to the w- men -he had just named for their in- gations to the south of the Bakhtiari At Teheran, many objections were JJT? to her idea of going through that It was said that no female could through the region without annoyance and peruaps insult, These objections were, how- er' overruled by Sir Drummond Wolff and the of Persia. The last-named individual took interest in her proposal, and even helped ^fard the preparations. Mrs Bishop proceeded deal with various points of interest. The h of the traveller, she said, depended much P°n his observation of the customs of each race -tnbe; and she was proud to say that wherever fri j^h'nen were known the natives were very «endly to them. There were few indications of an ancient history with the exception of the re-. Jns of several hewn stons bridges. The rattans believed in a future state, and that there was a Great Being to whom an 5 £ »unt would have to be rendered; and that "jabomet was the prophet of the Great Being. JT6 ^*1 wonld pass to heaven or helL They eemed as virtues bravery, dying in battle, rever- old a!?e> and tenderness to children. This, -oishop said, proved that they were not Wa»f u sav^8e- On the other hand, they were th i ■' thievish, and unscrupulous. In May, plains and the slopes of the mountains were jeered with luxuriant crops. In summer the ~™««ds were aiive witb natives all busily en- m gathering the crops and preparing the stit-'8 the next. The Bakhtiaris were super- o°us. They were in the habit of placing in the JJJT?1!1 °t the cup front which they drank their a text from the Koran. Physically they w a splendid race. Alcohol was unknown. There man auaifcrou3 tribes and sub-divisions. Each Blruvf ced his life at the disposal of his chief. 1 feuds were numerous. Polygamy was in fact, each Bakhtiari kept as many evor 98 couId afford to. The women, ho-.v- tit;,? en3°yed freedom, and w^at -about unveiled. bmtKL knowledge of the Godhead, or the BOK. ood. of man, MrsJBishop continued, the ans hved out their lives, and were buried SavlLT^6 stones ^rved lions over them. The^lT. was only enchanting at a distance. attP«^der resumecl her seat, having held the £ of the audience for over an hour, TO V ABIEDABS rose to move a vete of thanks Whinf8, ~,sb°p for the very interesting paper to read *k had just listened. Those who had Ifoct the record of Mrs EishoP's travels in the quit* ^°nntains, and especially in Japan, were gr^-P^Pared for an eloquent paper, and for a language and keen observation. He felt °f h ^r interest in the Bakhtiari country. One travel! • r friends published a history of his BakW -n •A-sia' 'n which he dealt with the studio?118' and> although his friend had not *c<mbL,medlclne> h^ li^e Mrs Bishop, had wWch an eIementary knowledge of drugs, i»gs (P'oved very useful to him in his wander- effec'tJ ^h Were some of the marvellous cures he to m-T {?at the chief of one of the tribes offered girls nt !k husband of one of the beautiful •ay th»+ ^tril:)e- (Laughter.) He need hardly Ieferred » otier was dec^ned- His lordship v°hn»e f t^le ^ate Henry Laird, whose travels was, in his opinion, the most Profess?ln language. srire tn^r rose with great plea- tne vote" late triend Charles 0 Eves." TL sa^' discoursed on Eyes and A? IQ^J^ Mrs Bishop had eyes she used them results of h* and through human nature. The in the ad •" ^een observation were before them ^tened lra^le pa.per to which they had just \n tœT put the motion to the meeting, briefl- Was unanimously carried, Mrs Bishop r returned thanks. Colon i THE HIMALAYAS. IC Ph el TANER read a brief paper on the NoslCal Ats of the Himalayas, with some added to «,8 ^habitants." A largo chart greatly the value of the paper. A TOPOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FOR JV CARDIFF. ^^at fnp^T)BiNT, G. Ravenstein) then- a Topo»m.r»k- i r ,e question of the formation of that he had Society in Cardiff. He remarked Rtes from evB^'f'3 to se« P^aent some dele- ^°nxnouthshVery town in Glamorganshire and APPOINTED witi?' \n<^ confessed that he was dis- with th« e s™ailness of the attendance received01^1161 wbich the question had could be don°r Preaenb he thought no- that^en^,„reinar^3 by Lord Aberdare, who Proposal, and thorough symyathy v/ith the bilitiea of P-^f 0 P8,1^ a tribute to the capa- i» ,0 e88?r Yates, in whose hands the rp^YA^P1*^ topographical that the project was for a ^th the Natin.^rne,ty to be formed in connection i Dr VACSETT S9ciety and the Field Clubs, ^tice to the r> rose an^ said that in nich he was Jj»aturalists' Society, of P^nation. gP^'dent, fie wished to make an ex- |sfrs Were di+i? ^t-exactly see what the pro- vG interested in „ Before people could was about. Tn they must know what as Proposed to k j 0386 he had no idea of what aruiff and the e' nor had anyone else in townsmen, he ouek*r!Ct' In justice to his fellow- vThe PREgjQgj. ^.omake that statement. achell for his rem2 1 y were indebted to Dr aturalists' Sociwt^ j H0 had no doubt the j much good m*?13- the Field Clubs were L° anythinp. je].r way} but was now too Slf h -91" of aT^ with regard to the drorf ety in Card iS3fra,Phical or a Geogra- iyP" t, » and the matter would '•AVEKSTwt*. !n CardIff weren a.nnounced that their labour. posal of tK T>at beautiful <,nh u. authorities who "thedU- hu !"s«S°t0Sth°Opd •k)' lbe