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THE BRITISH CHURCH.
THE BRITISH CHURCH. [D.T.H.] This was tha subject of a learned, if rather dis- jointed, Welsh address, delivered in the Town Hall on Friday evening, by Professor Hugh Williams, M.A., of Bala, and Moderator of the Calviui.=tic Methodists of Wales. Professor Williams is a historian of a very high rank, and some of his writings on the above subject have been the sources of much comment and criticism—favourable and otherwise—at the hands of the leading present- day German historians. He id looked upan as an authority on the^above subject, and thererore ia deserving of very close attention and commands the respect of all critics. It was the opening addres3 of the winter season of the Gymreigy- ddion," a Welsh Literary Society which has done excellent work in fostering and encouraging all that is best in the history and lit-rature of Wale". Air John Rowlands presided over a full house, as this opening lecture was thrown open to the pub'ie. Professor WiLiams having been introduced te the company, said: This subject is so complex in | 8 various aspects that it ia a most difficult thing 0 re,ilise and grasp it from a proper standpoint and correct standard. The chief difficulty is to get behind all authorised books on the subject Produced during the last h undred years, nay more, e Tnu8t get befeiud all books written on it during 12th century—behind Geoffrey of Monmouth, *ri*d'>» L ancaivan, William of Malmesbury, and °f Huntingdon, and all writings previous to 1135. Then wh< ire shall we begin ? Let us sh 500. A. strange thing which I ? bring forward as evidence will be the historic us and testimony of tha old inscriptions testify- 'Jg to the years prvioua to 500. We must look to ernaany lor a complete list of the most ancient sonptions in Britain. She, and she alone £ *"68868 a complete record in ono volume 1 1 ei ^ore espeoially to the Scriptum Inscri;>- I4nlm^ by Hoipier. W'4 find a few r.co.d. it 140, then a paiiso until the jenr 200, then another P US8 until 300. A strange feature of these old inscriptions is the faot that they nearly al> relate f .J1111 ary affairs; a monum.nt in memo,')' of a smu11 by his wife, or iu memory of a on ky a renowned guneia5. The records had w Ta °f i?a.drian (120) and Seyeru* (200) a e y been visitecljoy accompanied by experts, but, sad to relate, no trace of Chris- tianity can be found on any of these inscriptions up to 300. S) far as the testimony of these northern inscriptions t,o, Christianity did not exist in Britain. Haverfield says there are no rigus of the existence of Christianity until 500 Llinerfjl i:1 Montgomeryshire stands alo> e in the county in its p .sssessicti or one of these most ancient inscriptions. Up to 305 Rome strongly dis- countenanced Christianity. Tne oldest author that we possess on the subject, is Gildas (540), although Tertulhan (200) has scattered references to the Christianity of Britain, ft is my belief and conviction that Christianity came into this country, not from Gaul as is generally supposed, but from Carthage, where it flourished in 150. ThQro we.e only two churches in Gaul in the time of Cou- stantine. It existed in Britiin before Gaul, and was introduced here direct from Africa. TUis is against the popular ideas and notions on the subject. Epijcopacy reigned in every parish, and not in every diocese as now. Probably there were too many bishepa, as testified by various writers. The ministry was threefold, as in Italy and Africa, namely, Episcopacy, the Presbytery, aud the Diaconate—bishops, priests, a^d deacons Of this th^re is no doubt. If is my belief thatteeChurch, as it first appeared in this island, was Romau and not British. This i* another point on which very few will agree. Mommser citiii the court and the army as the two great channels whereby a religion gains a footing in any country. History proves this to the hi t. There were 60,000 Christiana (Roman) in Northumbei land at a very early date. Our ancestors at this period were, I regret to have to say, downright Pagans. I refer to the period prior to Illfya, Dewi Sant, Gildss. However attractive legends may be, the historian is bound to throw them all over board when sifting historical evi- dence Christianity was brought here by Roman artisans and soldisrs. Wesh-yauism in America owes its origin entirely to the soldiers who landed there. After 500 the clouds break up and daylight appears on th horizon. The shadows flee and men appear on the st ige of history. Between 550-600 arose the period of Saints in this oountry-the Golden Age—and Christianity foi'owed freely and spread to the Continent from Wales and through Ireland, and its missionaries were sant at first from Wales. Monasticism, a system to be greatly ad- mired but not to be emulated, oommeiced in 550. Unworldliness was the one feature of the character of the Monks. Thay endeavoured with all their wi'l power, aided by Diylne help, to wean them- selves from ail things appertaining to this world, and to attain to the gr ind ideal by lofty pure lives and frequent communion with God. These are the men who Faved Europe rea* "oasly. Their influence spread through Gaul and Switzer- land. The Monk's first stvp was o.illed conversion —Welsh Troadigaeth "-tiiat is a denouncing of the world and a turning towards 'troed" the monastry. Dewi Sant should be D^wi Fynaoh. Saint and monk were synenymous terms. Lian meant monastery or cell. S. Dayid's was formerly "Oil Pynwv," "Cil" being the same as ceil. Later the word L'an meant Saint; Llarifair, Saint Mary. In Dewi's time, the monks turned oitt of their celis and became great powtrfal preacher?. The monnstie life was :o severe that its sereviij ultimately k.lled i. Plwyf," the Wtlsh for pari-ih, was darived from the lariii plebs -plebern people. In the 11th Century the language of South Wales was understood in Gaul. Tae Rw D. T. Hughes (Morfa) in pioposing a vote of thanks to the lecturer, referred to tne hazy notions existing in the minds of people as to how Christianity was introduced into Britain, and although admiring tha ripe scholarship and his- torical researches of Prof Williams on tho subject, he nevertheless had his doubts as to some of the statements made, «sp-oiall r tha Pagan conditions of Urittin previous "to Roman intervention, the meaning of the word Llan which he alwa s thought moant an enclosed space-acid not. ee l or iII.iut-and that such words as gwir)lian (vi,iQ- yard), "parllan" (orchard), "ycllan," &c, ptovel his contention.—Mr D.iyies (Gordofig), J.P., D; I- caradog, seconded in an eloquent speech.—Prof Williams replied. The next paper will be A Criticism f Modern Walsh Poetry," by the ILLiv E. O. Joneil, M.A., vicar of Llanidloes.
[No title]
At a meeting of the Shrewsbury Town Council on Monday, the Mayor (Councillor H. R. H. Southam) presiding, 15 members) of the Council were appointed to act on a joint committee, which will Comprise representatives of the Salop County Council and the Shropshire Archaeological Societv, to take steps suitably to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Shrewsbury in July nexb.
UNDEB Y DDRAIGr GOCH
UNDEB Y DDRAIGr GOCH A meeting of the promoters of this society was held in the Examination Hall of the College, Aber- ystwyth, on Wednesday afternoon. Principal Roberts presided, atid there were pre«;-nt on the platform the Ven. Archdeacon ProMieroe, R-sv Father Joaea, Caernarvon, Miss Mailt Williams, the HOD. Win. Gibson, and Mr IVilliaTn,, Aber- clydach. The last three were dressed in old Walsla and Irish costumes. Principal Roberts said that Mrs Gwenner.h Yanghan was unable to be present owing to the death of her husband, and upon his suggestion the meetirig pawed a vote of condolence with Mrs Vaughan. Mr T. Mortimer Green, legistrar of the College said that letters of apology had been receiyed from Professor Rhys, Oxford, Mrs Herbert, Llanorer, who said that it grieved her to meet Welsh people who were ashamed of their language, Sirlsambard Owen, Mr Yaughan Davies, M.P., the Dean of St David's, Mr David Samuel, M.A., and & telegram in Welsh from Professor Darlington Principal Roberts said the meeting had been summoned in order th-ifc <>pportut,ity might be given t, th", inhabitants of Aberystwyth of he '.ring statements from the promoters of that new society as to the objects which they held in view. These objects were exceedingly simple ones, but at, the same time ,tt.ey were exceedingly vatnabfe ones. So far as he understood the main object was to en- couraga the i-peakiug of WeUh in the homes. That differentiates the work oi trie society from that of the Welsh Utitisarioa Society as it was called inas- much as the object of that s ,eiety had been t.o secure for the study of Avels i its proper place in the schools of the conntiy. Tue objects of the new society so far as he undeistood did not aim at, in- fluencing the school* of the country as such, but rather to influence t'¡e hones of the country. In t at way it attacked ti e problem which was more difficult perl.aps in some ways because of immense variety of difficulties which presented theu»s-?lyes at the homes, and which ought certainly to be taken into account. It was no argument its hi- opinion against the formation of a, society of that kind that it did not cover tke whole gronnl. It did net matter even if the societies coming after had to take up the ground afresh; so lung as the work was based upon the rizht priucip'e it was valuable (hear, hear). He bel>«red the principle (if that Society was the right princip'e, and whether it wai only partially successful every .ffr,rt and every measure of success was an invaluable element in the sum total of the influences which were tending to promcte the great object which they all had at heart (hear, hear). He had received a long letter ftom the Hon. Mrs Bulk Jey-Owen, president of the Society, who deplored the fact that the Welsh gentry bad forsaken the use of thvir own tnngue. It was the in- tention of the Society to offer prizes for home reading in Welsh, to offer prizes for harp playing, and to encourage the weiring of na'ive fabrics. They had no desire to encroach upon the work of the Welsh Indus ries A«»ociatio-i, raihi-r was it their wish that the Industii-s Asaoeia'i-n would be a auccess and that the Undeb v i)d>aig Goch wmild be able to find purchasers f. r ihtir gods. From actual experience he could es'ifv to the value of Welsh flannel and not.hii g w. more WBrrn, beauti- ful, or s i durable as WcLh cloth (hear, hear). Principal Roberts then cdkd upon tfe Arch- deacon of Mwrionetit to address the meeting and offered him a cordial welcome upon this his first visit to the College. The Arcbdwacon of Merioneth expressed the pleasure it cave him to visit the College, and appealed to his audience to support the principles of the Society. He urged them not to be asharr.ed of the fact, th it they were Celts — do net let them be ashamed of themselves but let. them be them- selves at the best (hear, heiir). The Hon. Wm. Gibson opened his address in Welsh and Gaelic. Afterwards speaking in Hh.glish he said that the efforts of the Gaeiie Society were at length bringing their >eward. In a. school in Dublin, which contained 560 cbi'drcn, all of wnom were English speak.ng, they were examined in Gaelic-, arid he was pleased to eay that the? all passed (applause). He warnei Welshmen to be alive to the valne of preserving their own language and said that Wales had lesisted the inroads of tne Roman Empire, ehe bad te-isted the invasion (f the Saxon, and was she now to go do vn before the invasion of the cockney tourist ? (laughter and app'auso). The Gaelic "Soc'ety was doi-.g good work among the London Irish, and tie Iruh of places like Manchester, at w;nch plan > G 'vern- niBnt paid for the teaching of Gaetic in the sch JiJis (cheers). Afrer a Welsh address by the Rev. Father Jones of Carnarvon, the Rev. W. Morris proposed that they approve of M e objects of the Society and estab'ish a branch at A erv s'w-ah. Prof. Edwards seconded and it was carried. Tha following ware appointed a co"'m tt-e i, h power to add to their number:—Mr Waddingham Mrs Waddingham, Mrs Powell (NTanty.), Mr and Mrs Edward Powell, Piof. AnwYl, Pror, Edwards, Rnv G. k:Yt'\j Evans, Archdeacon Pro"oro\ Pre- bendary William Mr D. Samuel, M.A., Mr D. Ed-yards, Mr G'yn Davias, Mr C M. WlUams. R^v. T. Levi, Rev. J b. Milnes, R,ev W. Morris. Prof Morgan Lewis, and Principal R bai ts. Mr G.ht;on having thanked tho moating, the pr tceedings terminated.
[No title]
WELSH .WINNERS AT TIIT; I.ONDON (JATTLE SHOW.—The following were among t'o- avv.od-: (n sic Monday —Hereford steers between two 3"c] ih e > yea.s, reserve, the Hon. F. G. Wynn, of Bodvean Hall, Purllhe'i. Welih steers, not xreeding two years, ht and commend d, R. M. Gre bes of We. n, Portmadi.c; 2nd and le-erve. R 11 gin Ll.mf.dr- fechan 3rd and highly comm-n ed, W Hughes, Vr,)n Patk, Llanfairfechan; common el, Robert B-obeit,, of Poi tmadoc. W,ls-, s t r. or ed. ing three years, 1st and i i: 1 ocrn n led, the Hon. F. G. Wynn, of Glynlllf n P Ca;n.arv II; 2n i,R. M. Greavea, Portm-tdoc; 3r H. Hugh^h Llanf,;irfechan; 4th, R. H e P ■nia-~lo;- { reserve, R. M. Giei,v s; igidy CO m nd d, Robert Hughes, LJanfairfpchan co na.ended, Wiiliam Hughes, Llanfairfechan. elsh heifet;. not exceeding three yearp, 1,c a d 2 d Robert Hughes, Llanfairfechan 3rd, R.>h-n IL b rt* Portmadoc; reserve, R M. G.ea- s, I'omn.doc • highly commended, William Hugh s L'nl>ir' fechan. Silver cup for best animal in Welsh breed Robert Hughes, of Bodlondtb, Llanfairfechan.