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B^TmrMEI)ICAL OFFICER OF 0e^THS…
B^TmrMEI)ICAL OFFICER OF 0e^THS ANNUAL REPORT. y°u my annual report 011 the Tiie D f. ,sfcrict for Uie 1901 ■ ^vas 3 744" at*0!f *u April as shown by the census °8nsus' a r) an *Qcrea88 450 on the previous period nf 1001^0^ greafcer increase than in the statistics ?or the purpose of vital of « 9 P°Pn'ation is estimated to the middle TheIf!! aEd fo.r 1901 1 Pufc the figure at 3,755. from T K"?- er inhabit,ed houses has increased fro- I believe about 800 in 1891 to 1,018 at the present time. 1901 -k0 number of births registered in less tW • maIeB and 46 females. This is Dumber J",1 ^4' *s e<jual to the average birth.rai° f°r the last 10 years, although the since 18Q4^8r —22'9—18 'ower than it has been 10 years 'ov^er than the average of last small p'f think this low birth-rate can be to a PopulaK u acoonnted for by the fact that the four or fiD 8 been nnderest'imated for the last Actual in -*7ears' as nntil the census was taken the birth-rafoTase population was not known. The 28'5, 01 6 w^°'e °f England and Wales was during th(fte The number of deaths registered births inaf^eai Yas ^3' and> aa *a the case of the years Th eqnal to the average of the last 10 °f the deaths w 1,000 iB 16'7' bufc afc leasfc two of the deaths were of perSODS not belonging to the to 16 1. A« i wouid reduce the death-rate institution, however*^ DOt °C°nr iu a Pnbiic 167 is 26 below the 'locafd £ iacluded: With the exception of 1900 tf Ce1a,aI average, and The death-rate for fL 6. West since 1895. for 1901 was 16*0 per 1 000 f WaleS tables showing the aws' R1V? 6 a few the deaths. causes, aud localities of r<„~ TABLE A. s of deaths of infants under one year. Convulsions 4 Premature births 3 Enteritis 2 Whooping cough 1 Bronchitis 1 T, Totai 11 account for 11 nfTvT it?fants Under one Jear Biong and enter,"K r of the U, convul- 1 may hftrQ intestinal catarrh J caused 6. k 1 may hftrQ intestinal catarrh J caused 6. ally arise .ret?a*'i: that both these diseases gener- thafc it vrL.1^ ?Dta°ts,from improper feeding, and to feed thpir k k- W pothers could be induced proper nrnnnfr 168 °D or milk and water in m°nths at least°nS> a^e °f or eight flhowin j.i TABLE B the whole (fistriat lat^>n'deatbs, and death-rate in district and the three wards separately. Parish of Tow™ °Pulation. Deaths. Death-rate. TowynWardTnclud: 3,744 63 167 AbergdoveynwS j'S1 31 207 Rural Ward {>™ ?} ••• J.,160 11 QAR "1 Wards ff-m n0t fa"iUalr with tbe boundaries of the t'WJVwLST tha' 1 may ha™ i»o'«<ied in belonw^l ,°f more deaths that properly to obtain eifh tf 1 haV0 nofc kefin able deaths for tSer f P°Palatioa or the number of compare Th f f paSfc years so thafc 1 cannot as advised bvPtrhpeT df'h*ratM wifch former years, 0 by the Local Government Board, •hows +V, TABLE C. Will be seenTh^f &f 7bicb deafcbs occurred, and it °ver 60 j°r» over one Year 30 were Under a°d 9 were over 80 years. Over year°fage' 11 } R I™ i year and under 5, 5 ) 16 ander 5 year8 >» 5 years and under 15,0") „ J-o years and under 25,4 j 4 between 5 and 25 25 years and under 60, 13 between 25 and 60 » W years and under 80,21 } _n » oU years, 9 f 30 over 60 years TABLE D, causes of the 63 deaths. U1dag6 >t j2 Consumption 8 Heart disease 6 Convulsions 6 Pneumonia 4 Cancer 4 Enteritis [t[ 4 Apoplexy. i§i 3 Premature birth *3 W hooping cough 2 Bronchitis 2 Kidney disease 2 Drowned o AfaH ••• J Diarrbcea. 1 influenza. 1 Hemorrhage of lung. 1 Pernicious aneamia 1 Total 63 °ld acA ,1D^ Table D it is satisfactory to find that lasf 18 agaAU cb^ef caus9 of death, as it not be n°ticed that heart diseases former 80 b^b in the list as they have in ber of d r acoount for the rather large num- Personsaw • m consu.mPtion by the fact that bis T)hrt- K e"n^ f.rom this disease are attracted to 8a.tigfaf.j- the mild and equable climate. Other the x?' are that there are no deaths al°holism P&1 zymotic diseases, and none from Sh h. TABLE E. 19m • births and deaths from 1891 to with birth and death rates per 1,000 -— of population. ej S-j '■? S s 'i h 2 • rfl- h as S? li g •§ p« N; .-¡ 0 0 ^892 Sn S 5 17 10 33 25'2 27'8 1893 It g ° 12 3 29 21"2 1894 fi? So 10 5 29 26'5 169 1895 ol « 0 8 11 24 20 2 19*3 l89fi on 0 10 6 21 253 16-6 1897 to 57 1 15 5 25 24-4 16'9 1898 in? 0 7 9 18 33 241 232 1898 101 74 2 17 14 37 295 21-6 1900 S 6 2 14 12 32 27-1 18'2 190? 99 58 1 7 8 29 27-7 16-5 -~OjL_.85 63 0 18 11 30 229 16-7 I also enclose four tables on forms supplied by the Local Government Board. Table I. gives the populations, births, and deaths of the last ten years, and the averages with which the rates for this year are compared. It will be seen that t,he number of inhabited houses have in- creased from about 800 in 1891 to 1018 at the pre- sent time, the average number of persons inhabiting each house being 3'67. Table II. I am unable to fill up completely as I cannot get the necessary statistics for the separate wards or localities for past years. Table III. deals with infectious diseases notified in the district, and it will be seen that, with the exception of an outbreak of measles at Pennal and Aberdovey, there have been very few notifiable infectious diseases. From inquiries made it is pretty certain that the measles were brought into the district from a village beyond Pennal. I was obliged to recommend the closing of Pennal and Aberdovey Board Schools for the latter two or three weeks of December, and I am pleased to re- port that this step was effectual in stamping out the epidemic, for although the schools were re- opened early in January no more cases have been notified from that aide of the parish up to time of writing this report (February 12th, 1902). While writing of infectious disease I would again call your attention (as I see has been done in earlier reports) to the great importance of having some means of isolating the first cases of infectious disease, before they have had time to spread the infection. A tent or a small corrugated iron build- ing would be a great advantage to the district. This matter is all the more urgent at present on account of the prevalence of small-pox in various parts of the country. The Local Government Table IV. gives an interesting analysis of the causes, ages, acd localities of the deaths of the district similar to Tables B and C. Having held the appointment of your Medical Officer of Health for only three months of the year, I am not in a position to report fully on the sanitary condition of the parish, but from information obtained and the inspections I have made I believe many sanitary improvements it been effected during the year. It was not f ¡lIld necessary to close any houses as being unfit for habitation. The water from the pumps in Chapel square, Aberdovey, Pennal and Rhydyronen was analysed and found to be good and safe drink- ing water. I have inspected several slaughter- houses and cowsheds. With one exception (which was reported to you at the time) the slaughter- houses were clean and properly kept. I think, how- ever, some of the cowsheds require improvement- in the matter of drainage and ventilation. Also that the greatest possible care should be taken by the dairy keepers to prevent contamination of the milk in the process of milking and storing for sale -I refer particularly to clean stalls, hands, and milkpails. Milk is such a necessary and important food for children, and as, in addition to the resi- dents, large numbers of visitors with children arrive here in the summer, it is hardly possible to lay too much stress on this matter. I am pleased to know that the surveyor is finding a larger supply of water for flushing the main sewers in Towyn. This will, 1 am sure, be a great advantage in the summer when the town is full of visitors. Some defects were discovered in some house drains in ldris Villas and were at once remedied, and are now, I believe, in good order. The following is a list of notices served during the year for the abatement of nltisances-a. much smaller number than usual, due I understand to the faot that nuisances are now generally abated on receiving preliminary notice:— To cleanse pigstye 2 To repair roof and walls of a house and to pro- vide eavestroughings, &c. 2 To provide water closet with closet and privy. 2 To provide waste water drains 1 To cleanse and limewash slaughterhouse 1 To remove accumulation of manure 1 9 Section 132 of the Factory and Workshop Act, which came into force on January lit, 1902, requires that The medical officer of health of every District Council shall in his annual report to them report specifically on the administration of this Act in workshops and workplaces in his district, and he shall send a copy of his annual report to the Secretary of State." It will therefore become my duty either personally or through the sanitary inspector to visit the workshops and workplaces in the district, such as bakehouses, tailors' workrooms, dressmakers' workrooms, carpen. ters' and other workshops, to see that there is sufficient cubic space per head, that proper ventilation exists, and that other sanitary arrange- ments are good and satisfactory for the health of the workpeople. I append to my report statistics of temperature, sunshine, and rainfall (taken by Capt J Edwards, of Aberdovey). From this table it will be seen that the average maximum temperature for the year is 64°52 Fahrenheit, and the average min- imum temperature for the year is 59°36 Fahren- heit, giving a daily variation of only 5°16. This is important as showing the equable climate of the place. The amount of sunshiae will, I believe com- pare favourably with that of any health resort in England or Wales. T. E. GORDON, M.D., M.R.C.S., Eng. Observations at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Air Temperature 1900. Rain. Bright Max. Min. Sunshine. Inches. Hours. Jan. 42'53 38'45 2-13 83'4 Feb. 4200 37'00 1*50 82'8 Mar. 4316 38'16 2'03 159'6 April 5464 50-25 225 197'5 May 61'60 57-00 056 300'7 June 6199 5785 2-13 230'6 July 68'25 64-25 234 247-1 Aug. 65-25 61'25 3-45 1809 Sept. 6058 56'58 204 1579 Oct. 54 04 50-00 3-68 1147 Nov. 47-40 43-40 3-34 81*1 Dec. 43-87 39 50 4.39 42-3 JOHN EDWARDS.
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TABLE 1.
TABLE 1. TOWYN URBAN DISTRICT 0.=1 Deaths Deaths a Deaths at all g-2 U Births, under 1 year at all ages. S Ages. i'zz* ofase- TotaL -11-s Nett- Year. ||o- g g || m? gj „ SsJ-g S3 S H 5, ft _0 P-S -Q -*a _Q -4-J 0^3^ E S ft§ "eg 8*3P S eel p, g |zj i P3 £ Ph 5 R H K 1891 3300 83 25-2 10 120-4 72 27-8 Ig92 3325 70 21'2 3 42*8 54 16*4 1893 3350 89 26*5 5 56*1 56 16*9 1894 3375 67 20-2 11 164*1 64 19-3 1895 3400 84 25-3 6 71'4 55 16*6 1896 3425 82 24*4 5 60*9 57 16*9 1897 3450 82 24,1 is 207-3 80 I 23*2 1898 3475 101 29-5 14 138-6 74 21-6 j 1899 3500 95 27-1 12 126-3 66 18-2 2 64 18*1 i 1900 3575 99 27*7 9 90*9 58 16-5 Averages for years 3417 85 25'12 9 107-88 63 19*34 1891-1900 1901 3755 85 22*9 11 129*4 I 63 16*7 2 I 61 j 16*1 itatesbalculated per 1,000 of population. TABLE II. TOWYN URBAN DISTRICT. jPoulation estimated Births Deaths Deaths Year. to middle regis- at all under of each ter-eci. Agpes. X year. year. 1891 3294 83 72 10 1892 3325 70 54 3 1893 3350 89 56 5 1894 3375 67 64 11 1895 3400 84 55 6 1896 3425 82 57 5 1897 3450 82 80 18 1898 3475 101 74 14 1899 3500 95 66 12 1900 3575 99 58 9 Average of Years ,.17 e(- Q 1891 to 1900 | 3417 85 63 9 1901 3755 85 63 11 Towyn Ward 1491 51 31 3 Aberdovey Ward 1093 28 21 4 Rural Ward 1160 6 11 4 TABLE III. TOWYN URBAN DISTRICT. Cases of infectious disease notified during the year 1901. Cases notified « e: U in te whole district. o — At all ages. ft 7 2 ° c -0 a Diphtheria. 1 1 Membranous croup 1 1 Scarlet fever 3 3 Measles 50 3 31 16 Totals 55 83116 TABLE IV. TOWYN URBAN DISTRICT. Causes of, and Ages at, Death during 1901. Deaths in Deaths in whole District Localities at subjoined (at; all Ages. Ages) C7J Causes of death. to cli rc It s- <jj > s* te1 <n -a 5 cs u T3 p a P- (> eS g a 3 q p £ g> £ ° -S fl S 4 i g 3 4 a m u3 r°:2 3, <1 1—1 1—1 h n io P3 Whooping Cough, 2 1 1 1 l Epidemic Influenza 1 1 1 Whooping Cough, 2 1 1 1 l Epidemic Influenza 1 1 1 Diarrhoea 1 1 Enteritis 4 2 2. 3 1 Phthisis 8 3 5. 53 Cancer, malignant dis- ease 4 4 1 2 1 Bronchitis 2 1 1 1 1 Pneumonia 4. 2. 1 1 3 1 Other Diseases of Res- piratory organs 1. 1 1 Premature Birth 3 3 3 Heart Diseases 6 1 5 5. 1 Accidents 3. 1 1 1 12 Convulsions 6 4 2 3 1 2 Old Age 12 12 5 3 4 All other causes 6. 5 1 2 2 2 All causes .6311 5 418 25 3121 11
TOWYN WATER SUPPLY.
TOWYN WATER SUPPLY. The following is the analysis of Cynfal an Rhydyronen Brooks:- Chemical Laboratory, Royal Institution, Manchester, July 26th, 1883. P. H. Hughes, Esq., Surveyor, Local Board of Health, Towyn. Sir,—We have submitted to careful analysis the two samples of water marked Cynfal" and "Rhydyronen" respectively, which you sent to our laboratory, and have found them to contain GRAINS PER GALLON. Cynfal. Rhydyronen. Total solid matter in solution. 3*170 2.-700 Organic matter, combined water, etc. -790 -840 Saline matter 2 380 1-860 The saline matter is composed of:- Chloride of magnesium 1'120 -880 Sulphates of soda and mag- nesia -770 -660 Sulphate of lime -450 -300 Carbonate of magnesia *040 -020 2-380 1-860 Free ammonia *0025 -0020 Albuminoid ammonia -0034 '0025 Combined chlorine. -8374 *6645 Oxygen contained in per- manganate of potash re- quired to oxidize organic ,¿. matters in solution acting at 80'Fah during 15 minutes '0400 '0604 » « 4 hours '0950 '1215 Nitrates and nitrites .absent absent Lead absent; absent Phcsphoric acid .absent absent DEORBic3. Total hardness -93 .7^ Permanent hardness '86 -79 Temporary hardness '07 Both samples are clear, free from peaty or ob. jectionahle taste, and show a faintly yellow colour when viewed through a column two feet, in depth. On microscopal examination we fonnd both waters to be free from fungoid aud from animal. cule life. The above figures shew that both amples are remarkably free from solid matters. In this respect they approach very closely to the nature of distilled water, and may be ranked side by side with the waters of Loch Katrine and Thirlmere Lake. It would be next to impossible to find purer natuial water. They are admirably suited for washing purposes. The samples were sent to us in ordinary corked bottles, and we observed that the corks had come in contact with the samples. This would give to the water a certain small quantity of organic matter, but the total amount Er^hnL™nifcr°Se.?0us organic matter, part of wfiich would come rrota oor £ 3j is very siuall, The vegetable organic matter is rather large, bllt it may be taken that a considerable pilrtof that came from the corks, with which the samples came in contact, and with this known source of impurity to the samples, the organic matter is pre- sent only in small quantity. Neither of the waters contain nitrates. The saline matter present is mainly composed of chloride of magnesium. Both samples may be regarded as quite free from anything of the nature of sewage, and they must be recognised as first-class potable waters. If any fault can be found with these waters, it it that they are too pure. It is believed by some that infants derive part of the lime for the formation of the bone from the lime oontained in waters. It is quite certain they will get practically none from these; but food generally contains consider- able quantities.of this constituent, and we believe that this cannot be urged as a serious objection to the use of such puro waters. Care will, however, require to be exercised in the use of long lengths of lead pipe for the conveyance of the waters, as they will be liable to act rapidly upon and dissolve the lead. We should advise that tin-washed lead pipes be only allowed to be employed, and this only in com- paratively short lengths, for the conveyance of these waters from the maia. We remain, your obedient serTanti, QUtE, CALYJCRT A THOKSON. ABERDOVEY WATER SUPPLY. Dec. 27, 1893. General properties- Colour Brownish. Odour —» Hardness- Temporary ) m „ Permanent j Total 2 de&ree* Aotion on lead PARTS FER ) GRAINS FLFT 100,000. j GALLON. Result of analysis expressed as:- Solids in suspension dried at Solids in eolation dried at 140°c 4 Oxygen absorbed in 4 hours at 15°c 0-056 Saline ammonia 0003 Albumenoid ammonia 0'009 Nitrogen in Nitrates 0'02 Nitrites .Chlorine in Chlorides 1-7 Poisonous metals No lead or copper. See letter appended. THOS. P. BLUNT, M.A., F.C.S., F.P.C. dm- ?• ?• ?JjTJ £ T) The wy]e Cop, Public Analyst for Bhrop$hire, Shrewsbury, Montgomeryshire, and Jan. 2nd, 1894. Merionethshire. Dear Sir,—I give the full sanitary analysis of the water on the adjoining page. It is slightly peaty, but is free from animal pol- lution. The solid contents are remarkably low, and the water is very soft. On the whole it must be regarded as a safe drinking water, and it is specially well adapted for general domestic use. Yours faithfully, THOS. P. BLUNT. Mr. P. H. Hughes.
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The report of the killing of Herr Andree by Eskimos, printed in New York, is an absolute in. vention. Its only foundation is a rumour now two years old. The Commissioner of the Hudson Bay Company denounces the whole story as a fabrication
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