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AGRICULTURE. .

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AGRICULTURE. WEANING AND REARING CALVES. A correspondent of the Field, in writing on the treatment and feeding of store cattle, says :-There are many ways of treating the calf as soon as it is born, some people taking it away at once, and others leaving it with the cow a greater or less time. The latter plan is to he preferred, not only as more natural, but also as better for the calf. For the first two days the cow's milk would not be of much use, and therefore the calf might as well have it. There can be no doubt that it will do better, especially at first, if left with the cow, as then it can help itself many times in the day. How- ever, on many farms it will be found quite impossible to allow the calves to remain long with their mothers, on account of the want of proper accommodation. In such cases it will be best to leave the calf at least two days with its mother at the end of that time it may be removed and tied up in the calf-house. The plan of tying every calf up separately is very much to be re- commended until they learn to eat, when they are better loose. Calves have a great tendency to suck one another, and not only is this very disfiguring, but extremely injurious. When the calf is first received from the cow it may either be allowed to suck her twice a day, or be fed by hand on new milk. Provided it can be got to drink properly from a bucket, there is very little to choose between the two plans perhaps the calves will do a little better if allowed to suck the cow, as when they drink from a bucket they are apt to swallow the milk too fast. At the end of ten days or a fortnight a little skim milk may be mixed with the new, and before this time, in all cases, the calf must be taught to drink. When three weeks old new milk may be entirely discontinued, and boiled flour porridge be added to the skim milk. Care should be taken in all cases that the milk be given warm. Cold milk produces scouring and all manner of evils. When a month old the calves should begin to eat a little hay, chaff, and meal; they cannot be taught to I eat too soon they will soon learn to do so if placed with their elder brethren. The longer the use of the skim milk and porridge is continued the better will be the calf those that are weaned too early never thrive so well afterwards. Oilcake crushed and then boiled to a jelly, and mixed either with the flour porridge or skim milk, is excellent food for calves when a month or six weeks old. It is more easily cooked than linseed, and answers the purpose quite as well. What we have called porridge should, perhaps, be more properly styled gruel, as it must not be made solid. Thick gruel is what should be aimed at. It is very easily and speedily made, entails less trouble than linseed, and we have found that calves fed on it are less liable to scour, than those fed on linseed gruel. At ten weeks old all calves should be weaned; this should be done by degrees, the daily allowance being decreased before- Z, hand, so as to accustom them to the change. By this age they will have learnt to eat a considerable quantity of hay, chaff, pulp, and corn, and should receive at least half a pound of cake and corn. By the middle or end of May the oldest calves on a dairy farm will be probably three months old, and may be turned out by day in a well sheltered grass field, with a shed attached. If they have no shelter to run into, they will suffer much from both sun and rain. The most convenient shed for calves is one in which thev can be shut up at night, thus saving their having to be driven every night to the homestead. When such a shed is available, by the middle of June the calves may be left to go in or out as they like at night. The allowance of corn should never, on any account, be withheld. From the time the calves are four months old they should have a pound of oilcake and a little chaff per diem, and a good grass field to run in. We have tried peas and beans instead of oilcake, but prefer the latter. Later on in the autumn, whatever the farmer intends to give them during their first winter in the way of corn shoxild be gradually introduced and mixed with the oilcake, so as to accustom them to the change. Violent transitions in the way of food are 0 always productive of loss of condition, and therefore, especially with young animals, the change should be gradual. By the 1st of October the calves should be housed for the winter; if allowed to remain out later than this they will not thrive well, the nights becoming cold, and they will also be liable to disease. Of course they may still be turned out by day, but even this we don't recommend for long, as the grass they eat gives them a dislike to the drier food they ought to consume during the hours they are in the yards. If the farmer has treated his calves liberally through- out the summer, by the time he takes them up they ought to be very strong and hearty, and such as he may well be proud of. From October 1st to turning out time the following spring, their food will, iri all proba- bility, consist of hay and straw, and perhaps a few pulped roots, the allowance of corn beiig increased in proportion to the nutritive qualities of the food. Two pounds of corn or cake will, as a rule, be found an ample allowance where no roots are given. Oilcake is too expensive for their use now, and they must be con- tent with cotton cake, palm-nut meal, or something else of the kind. Oilcake will, however, be found to answer the best for calves when out at grass it has this great advantage, that it is readily eaten and not wasted and allowed to get wet in the troughs, and it is also more wholesome than most other cakes, and therefore better adapted for young animals.

HINTS UPON GARDENING. --

SPORTS AND PASTIMES. --

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HEALTH OF THE METBOPOLIS.

FACTS AND F ACETI. 6 -