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.. AGRICULTU RE. ,,--
AGRICULTU RE. DISEASES'OF THE FOOT OF THE HORSE. We extract the following from the Field The rough and unprepossessing exterior of a horse's foot does not prepare the observer for the remarkable delicacy of textures enclosed by it-textures which possess in a high degree the property of elasticity and power of resistance arranged in a proportion precisely adapted for the functions which the organ is required to perform. At the base are situated two bones which properly belong to the foot, one of them bearing a general re- semblance in form to the external foot, and the other, a smaller structure, placed at the back of the larger one, and known familiarly by its name, "navicular," even by those who have never seen its outline. Over the posterior surface of this navicular bone passes one of the large tendons or eiaews, which run down the back of the leg, farming with the surface of the bene a joint which is the seat of a well-known disease. At. tached to the bones of thefoot are sundry ligaments and tendons, cartilages which expand laterally, and fibrous tissue enclosing globular masses of fat, and forming an elastic pad, upon which the vascular secreting mem- brane of the foot is spread, completely investing every part over which the hoof is placed as a protect- ing oovering. An organ so complex in. structure and so much mal- treated as the foot of the horse, must be subject to a variety of derangements, some of them trifling in charac- ter and of temporary duration, others seriously interfer- ing with the freedom of movement, and in their nature permanent and inanrable. The structures which unite to form the foot are all of them liable to disease; bat the horny coverings being only a secretion, is passive rather than active, suffering in the integrity of its arrangement from any disease in the secreting membrane, to which it owes its existence; beyond this it is only susceptible to the influence of mechani- cal oaasea, which sometimes impair its continuity and ultimately lead to disease of the internal structures in consequence of the introduction of foreign agents. These derangements, which apparently affect the hoof primarily, we propose to consider in the first place. SEEDY TOE.-—Most owners of horses are acquainted with this affection, whioh consists in a hollow condition of the hoof in the front of the foot, and is detected by the sound whteh is elicited on tapping the part with a hammer. On removing the shoe an opening or fissure will be apparent; and if the dirt ia picked out with some sharp instrument, it will probably be found to extend half way up towards the coronet, and in some old oases completely to that point. A difference of opinion exists as to the cause of this condition, some mainlining that the fault ia in the, secreting struc- ture, others holding the view, that the affection com- mences at the bottom of t&e foot. The evidence appears to us to be in favour of the last position. Very often the fissure at the bottom of the foot is not more than an inch in depth, and if neglected we have observed it to become deeper on each, successive shoeing. The constant introduction of new par- ticles of dirt, which are pressed upwards every time the animal treads, seems to afford a reason- able explanation of this fact; and there is further to be noticed the important circumstance that the specimens which w'e have examined microscopically have always shown the horp. to ba perfectly healthy near the coronet and down to the point to which the fissure extended. It seems moat probable that" seedy toe tJ arises in the first instance from the occurrence of a small fissure at the bottom of the wall of the hoof; the opening not being put out level, and by reason of the shoe not being worn out, as it perhaps might be in an unshod foot, becomes gradually en- larged by the entrance of. dirt, until the interior of the foot is pressed upon or injured, and then lameness reeulta. If it be objected that seedy toe does not occur in a horse's feet while the animal is in a natural condition, we can only say that there is as much reason far its occurrence under such circumstances as there ia for the existence of a disease among sheep (foot rot), which begins very muchjn the game way. The treatment of seedy'toa is generally commenced by clearing out the interior of the fissure completely, and then applying tar dressing, protecting the bottom of the foot by means of a ahoe with a good cover a bar shoe is useful in such cases, and carefully avoiding moisture and dirt. Sometimes the part ia stripped," which mains cutting a way the whole of the outside of the hoef so far as the hollow extends. This treat- ment effectually prevents the accumulation of any more dirt in the part and ia so far to be recommended, although, by removing the protecting surface tempo- rarily, the animal is prevented working with safety. This constitutes the only objection we can see to the adoption of the plan among working horses. The object in any case is to keep the hollow free from any gritty particles, which, being pushed upwards, would tend to increase the extent of tho injury. The restoration of the structure to soundness must take place, as the result of the downward growth of the horn from the coronet, and with the view of increasing the secretion stimulating lininjents, or even blisters, are applied to the coronary surface with apparent benefit. It is perfectly obvious, however, that if, from neglect or precaution, the en. trance of dirt and grit should continue to cause the in" crease of the cavity from below, very little will be gained by constantly supplying new material from above. < The twofold object must never be lost sight of; while means are employed to stimulate the secre- tion of the new horn, cars must also be taken by lay- ing the cavity bare throughout its extent, or by keeping it free from foreign particles, to prevent the continued action of causes to whioh the disease is due.
HINTS UPON GARDENING.
HINTS UPON GARDENING. Now the weather is so unpropifciooB for garden culture, we give some valuable hints from Morton's New Farmer's Almanac," and Year Book of Progress for the forthcoming season. This almanac is an invaluable companion for the country resident, as the following extracts will show FLOWER GARDEN.—Crownlmperiala look remark. ably well, planted at intervals of two feet, in a bed of tulips, relieving the bed from a low level, which is sometimes monotonous. They need abundance of saud form, an excellent back- ground for the: more dwarf growing bulbs.— Crocus: Plant thickly, namely, in clumps at 3, 6; 12, or more bulbs; or in beds of 250 to 1,000 bulbs, either in separate, colours or mixed. For out-door culture any garden soil will be suitable; but-for pot. purposes, a compost of sandy loam, leaf-mould, and a little rotten dang should be prepared beforehand. For Christmas blooming they should be planted as soon as they can be procured. They may be planted at a depth cf about three inches, with two inches between each bulb and the addition of sand will be found beneficial-chaff au furze cut into email pieces, strewnillong the trench, keep off mice and other depreda- tors. Thabulb3 sTinnld not he raised until follage withers. English Iris: This will flourish in any good garden soil, with an abundant supply of silver sand. Plant from September tG November, but the earlier the better. Prepare the beds in like manner to those for tulips, with perhaps the addition of mora silver aani; the bulbs may be inserted to a depth of from three to six inches, according to the exposure to which they are liable to be subjected; and if, when planted, each bulb is carefully surrounded with silver sand, no further care will ba necessary.—Gladioli: Prepare your beds or borders by well digging them a spit deep, burying a Btfatum of good leaf-mould, or rotten manure, at the bottom. The surface soil should be ndered open by aixing sand with it and being well oroken in digging; planc the bulbs in clumps or rows-, according to fancy, about six inches deep, taking care to cover them one-inch deep with sand; previous to re-covering with ssould. ^Aftte the roots are "planted, lake the ground wall, giving it a southern inclination, if possible; keep free from weeds, and stir the sur- face in severe weather oover the bed with two or three inches of dry, litw. In the later-atages of growth, the bnlbs should fee kept moderately moist.— Half-hardy Annuals Sow Jfrotn the middle of March to the middle of April in pans filled with light rich soil, and water very cautiously and with a fine rose. Pot into small pots- as soon as the plants are suffi- ciently strong, putting three plants in a pot, unless in the case of such as are strong growers. Keep near the glass, and endeavour to have the plants strong and stocky, and prepared to bear exposure by the end of May, when they may be transplanted. The soil for most of these should be deep, rather light and rich, and the plants mus i; be carefully attended to with water until they get well established. Many of these, if sown in the open ground in May, will bloom late in the season, in favoured localities. GARDEN.—Carrots require a deep rich soil, trenched and heavily manured, and planted with a greenorop the previous season, theti trenched two feef deep, and ridged up for the winter; not any fresh manure. Sow the early short horn in a sheltered f situation, in February, and the main crop in April and May, in lines one foot apart, covering the seed lightly. Thin out early to six or nine inches apart, and keep the surface of the soil loose by frequent stirrings. A small sowing of early horn may be made about the end of July. Lettuce: Saw thinly early in March, and at intervals until the middle of July, and transplant to one foot apart each way upon rich, deep, well-manured land. Water during hot, dry weather. Sow the middle of August and September for spring use; winter in frames, giving air whenever the weather will permit, and keep the plants dry; a partion of each sowiag should be planted upon a light, dry, sheltered border, where they will stand ordinary winters.— Cabbages A deep, rich, heavily-manured soil is requisite. Sow about the middle of July for spring use; and plant out in lines, at about one foot apart, nine inches between the plants in the lines. Every other line may be cut entirely, and every other plant in the line left, which will furnish a large quantity of cole worts, and leave the plants at two feet by one foot six inches apart. Sowagain in February or March, and at mtervalsdurmg the spring. —Celery: Sow in February on a slight hot-bed. Trans. plant into lines about three inches apart, and protect until the weather becomes favourable. Plant out in May. For the main crop sow in March. The trenches for single lines should be four to five feet apart, and 12 to 18 inches deep, according to the nature of the soil, and from 6 to 12 inches of the very richest and thoroughly retted manure placed in the bottom of the trench, covering this with some fine soil for planting in. Well attend to the plants with water, until they get fairly established, and a good soaking of water ma- nure twice a week during warm dry weather will be beneficial Earth up six weeks before it is likely to be required; always select a dry day for earthing.
SPORTS AND PASTIMES.
SPORTS AND PASTIMES. ALEXANDRE DUMAS the elder, returning from a day's sport at the country seat of a friend, with a perfectly empty game-bag, was asked, Well, mon cher, what have you killed ?" Time," was the quiet reply. So CONSIDERABLE has been the destruction effected among the hares, pheasants, rabbits, &c., by the Prince ef Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke of Sutherland, and other noblemen, on the estate of Holkham, that on one day alone 2 tons 19 cwt. of game were forwarded from the Welis station of the Great Eastern Railway to Leadenhall Market. AN accident, unattended with serious consequences, occurred to Miss Menkin an evening or two ago, during her performance at the Gaite Theatre, in the Pirates de la Savane. At the moment when she is carried over the mountains, bound like Mazeppa, to the back of a horse, the animal in making the ascent lost its footing and slipped with her on to the stage. An exclamation of terror burst forth among the audience, and the curtain was at onoe lowered. Miss Menkin, however, almost immediately appeared at the footlights to show that she was unhurt, and the performance was shortly afterwards resumed. THE Earl of Derby and party had a day's shooting over his Bickerstaffe estate the other day. The party consisted of the Earl of Sefton, Colonel Frederick Stanley, Sir Humphrey do Trafford, Sir Robert Gerard, the Right Hon. Mr. Barringtos, and Hon. Mr. Hornby. The Hon. Miss Wilbraham, sister of Lord Skelmers. dale, and other ladies-the Hornbys and Hopwoods- graced the occasion by their presence, and seemed to enjoy the sport, although snow fell during the day. From 1,000 to 1,200 head of game were bagged, which were most liberally distributed amongst the tenantry. It was remarked that Colonel Frederick Stanley made some first-rate shooting, and that the Earl of Derby looked remarkably well and seemed to enjoy the day out. The party partook of lunch at Bickerstaffe-hall, the farm of which is about 400 acres, tenanted by Mr. John Gibbons, cattle salesman. A PARIS letter in the Norcl says it is contemplated to give greater importance to gymnastic exercises in all the colleges in France. Each of these establish- ments is provided with a gymnasium, and the pupils are furnished with a special dress; bnt the exercises, which at present only take place once a week for an hour, are to be renewed more frequently. This modi- fication, which cannot fail to be advantageous to the health of the children, will also prepare them for marching and military manoeuvres, and render more easy the training as soldiers and the management of arms, which henceforth they will have to learn when they have reached the age for the conscription. The infants de troupe in the line, and especially in the guard and the engineers, early habituated to render their bodies supple, are roma-rkable for their agility and physical address. Amongst those of the latter corps it is not rare to find some who perform on the trapeze like Leotard, while at the same time they possess scientific attainments, and are capable of arithmetical or even algebraical calculations which the celebrated gymnast would doubtless be puzzled at, and even many pupils in the college would find a difficulty in solving. A WELSH SALMON TRAP.—Visitors to Snewdon, difficulty in solving. A WELSH SALMON TRAP.—Visitors to Snewdon, says a writer in the Times, who have sojourned at that romantic retreat Bettys-y-Coed, a favourite resort of tourists and landscape painters, are perhaps entirely ignorant of the ingenuity with which nature is made subservient to art in pro- viding their first course at the table d'hote. The visit last week of the special commissioners for inquir- ing into the legality of the fixed engines on the rivers of England and Wales threw some light on the pro- oess. On Thursday, I sat at their sitting at Conway the commissioners decided on a claim by John Jones, of Tanralt, to use a fishing basket at a certain spot on the river Sledr at Bettya-y-Coed. The claimant is the owner of a small farm on the banks of the Sledr (a tributary of the Conway), at a spot where the river falls over one of the picturesque waterfalls of that remote district. At this point the river on Jones's side tumbles off a rock into a natural hollow or chasm, and thence by a smaller fall- about a yard—into a lewer level. The fish, in ascend- ing the river easily jump up the lower fall into the natural basin above, bat here they are stopped by a barrier only passable in high floods. The water running entirely through rock is almost always clear, so that the salmon can be seen from aboze when lying in the natural basin. John Jones, therefore, when he sees a fish between the two falls, first places a man on the top of the rock, holding by a rope a wide-mouthed basket which rests against the outlet of the second fall, while with a long wand he tickles the snout of master salmon, who is vainly waiting to get higher up the river, on which the affrighted fish imme- diately tarns tail and rushes down stream head first into the basket, where he is trapped. This trap, it was proved, had been used for generations by the same family, and so was certified by the commissioners.
THE LOCK-OUV OF TBlfJDERBYBHIRE,…
THE LOCK-OUV OF TBlfJDERBYBHIRE, MINERS. A deputation from the Derbyshire Miners' Associa- tion, consisting of Messrs. Thomas Hill and Charles Barber, waited on the London Trades' Council at their meeting in the Bell Inn, Old Bailey, on Monday, for the purpose of asking the advice and assistance of the London trades. The deputation stated that the asso- ciation had been in existence for three years, and last September invited the miners at the surrounding dis- tricts to a meeting called for the purpose of extending the association. About 900 miners responded to the invitation, and immediately after the meeting the masters-the principal being the Clay-cross Company and the Sfcaveley Company—commenced discharg- ing their men and ejecting them from their homes, obliging the miners and their families to go into tents erected in a field at Whittington, procured for the purpose by the association. The men sent letters of remonstrance and deputations to the maeters and fore. men, but without avail. The masters had now declared that unless the men destroyed the rules and. booka of the association they would not employ one of them. Fifteen hundred miners were thus looked out-900 in Staveley and the remainder in Clay- croas and surrounding distficts-althoiigtt the men were willing to resume work without any advance of wages, merely stipulating to preserve the principles of union. The association was allowing 9a. a week to each miner looked out, and iFi. a week for each ohild in his family, the total expen- diture amounting to £ 750 a week, which exceeded the income of the association. Under these circumstances the association appealed to the London trades for as- sistance to enable the miners to resist the oppression under which they were tuffaring. After some discus- sion, credentials were given to the deputation entitling tjiem to apply to the London Trade Societies for assistance.
LOSS OF THE STEAMER FALCON.…
LOSS OF THE STEAMER FALCON. I On Saturday the screw steamer Falcon, 264 tons, I left Glasgow for Londonderry, with passengers and a general oargo. On Sunday morning about two o'clock, J she Btruck the land somewhere between the Mull of Cantyre and Marahuish Bay, on the west side I of the peninsula. The night was very thick, with heavy snow and sleet, and a strong gale was blowing J of the peninsula. The night was very thick, with heavy snow and sleet, and a strong gale was blowing J south by east. The steamer afterwards got off, I and the captain tried to back into the creek, j but this was found impossible. The boats were got out, but the first was swamped. The lifeboat was next lowered, and the second mate, one fireman, and the captain entered it. When the boat was clear of the steamer the latter drifted rapidly from land and went down about a mile from tha shore. The three men in the lifeboat suffered dreadfully from the weather, but ultimately they got ashore on the island of lelay. The passengers are variously estimated a.t from 16 to 40, and the remainder of the crew, to the number of 20, are believed to have gone down with the ship
ASSAULTING A CONSTABLE AT…
ASSAULTING A CONSTABLE AT THE OLYMPIC THEATRE. A respectable looking young man named Martin Welch, was charged at Bow-street, on Tuesday, with assaulting Robert Ancliffe, a private constable em- ployed at the Olympic Theatre. It appeared that on the previous evening the pri- soner drove up to the theatre in a Hansom cab, and without waiting to pay the fare, entered the house, and proceeded up the box stairs. The cabman followed him up the stairs demanding payment of his fare, Ancliffe remonstrating with the prisoner, advised him to pay the cabman, to which he replied by striking Ancliffe as hard as he could with his fist. He was at this time entering the corridor of the boxes, but the manager and the boxkeeper refused to admit him, and on his forcibly pressing forward, they pushed him out. He then turned upon Mr. Ancliffe and showered about a dozen blows upon him with his walking cane. A constable (F 117) was called in, and the prisoner was given into custody. This was corroborated by Edward Thomas, the checktaker, and the constable. The prisoner said he did net think he was "capable" of behaving in the manner described. Ha was too drunk. He mentioned that he had a situation which he should lose if he were not at his business at a cer- tain hour. The magistrate commented very severely on the conduct of the prisoner, whom he should have sen- tenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine, b" ithat he was unwilling to cause the loss of his situation. He must pay 40s. or be imprisoned 21 days. The fine was paid.
BEVEN YEARS FOB STEALING A…
BEVEN YEARS FOB STEALING A HANDKEROHIEF. George Clarke, 23, was convicted at the Middlesex Sessions, on Thursday, of stealing a pocket-handker- chief from the person of a man unknown. The prisoner declared the police were always making a business of speaking falsely against people. Warders Reeves, King, and Smith, of the House of Correction, and Shrives, 82 C, proved eight convic. tions against the prisoner for felony. The prisoner: Oh they will swear anything, and when they get downstairs, why they _Ray it is business" to speak falsely. Well, as it is their living, I suppose I must not mind (laughter). Warder Smith: There is another three years against him. The Prisoner: I told you it waa business, didn't I. They will find something else against me presently. Mr. Payne: I have got enough. The sentence of the court upon you is, that you be kept in penal servitude for seven years. The Prisoner: There are enough "lawyers" (warders) to preach in a church. Seven years Well, they may well call it business. The idea of seven years for a pocket ha.ndkerchief The prisoner was removed, laaghing heartily.
A HOSPITAL NURSE AND HER LUGGAGE.
A HOSPITAL NURSE AND HER LUG- GAGE. A young man, who gave the name of Francis John A young man, who gave the name of Francis John Gilham, and his address at Fountain-court, Strand, was brought before tha magistrates at Wandsworth, on Tuesday, on a charge of stealing two bags, con- taining wearing apparel and other articles, the property of Mary Ford, who described herself as a hospital nurse. The prosecutrix, on being sworn, stated that she had obtained a situation at the Royal Hospital for Incurables, at Putney. She came by a train from Waterloo station to Putney, having with her a dark leather bag and a carpet bag, containing her clothes. She saw the prisoner at the station, and he asked her whether he should earry her leggage and call a cab for her. She said yes, and he went away with the bags. He returned in about ten minutes, but she did not think he intended to steal them. The magistrate, however, elicited from her that before the prisoner returned she had informed a con. stable that a man had ran away with her bags. Inspector Egerton said the prosecutrix had not told the whole truth of the matter, for only one bag had been found. The Prosecutrix was again questioned, and she said the constable was with her when the prisoner returned. He threw this black bag over a hedge. She denied that she had lost another bag. The Prisoner told the magistrate that he came from London with her. The Prosecutrix We came in the same carriage. Prisoner: We had a lit..1.le conversation in London. Prosecutrix: Only at Waterloo station. He asked me if he should carry the parcels for me. Police-constable Knight said he wc.a on duty at Putney-hill, at one o'clock at night, when he heard the prosecutrix screaming oat "Police." He went over to her, when she said a man had run away with her two bags and hidden himself. While he was obtaining the description of the man from her he saw the prisoner coming down with something under his coat. He ran away and threw the black bag in a hedge. The prosecutrix charged him with stealing two bags, but only one was recovered. The prisoner denied running away. Mr. rpghmm decided upon remanding the prisoner for inquiries.
DR. MARY WALKER ON THE TEMPE-BLJNOE…
DR. MARY WALKER ON THE TEMPE- BLJNOE QUESTION. On Friday evening last, llfeh inst., a, crowded meet- ing was held in connection with the Mile-end Tem- perance Sooiety, in the new hall, Mile-end-ioad, to present the Hon. S. L. Tilley, Prime Minister of New Brunswick, and one of the Canadian deputation respecting the Confederation scheme, with an address expressive cf admiration of his consistent support of the temperance cause in his own country. Amongst those on the platform was Dr. Mary Walker, who appeared in the "bloomer" costume. Upon being asked to speak she arose and gave utterance to the following sentiments :—"I am pleased to see you here this evening, because it always does my heart good to see temperance people assembly. I know the effects of intoxicating drinks upon the human system. I have observed as much injury resulting from their use as many of my older friends on the platform. It has happened in the course of human events that in my country (United States). we had a terrible war. I have seen many thousands of soldiers who have been injured by strong drink, and, indeed, many who are now sleeping in their graves would be alive had they not used it as a medicine for their wounds. If: is with grief that I hear of medical practitioners prescribing every day of their lives, and to almost every patient they have, something of an intoxicating nature. It is true that great men sometimes commit great errors. I must say, that it is my opinion-and f suppose I may ex- press my humble opinion sometimes—that intoxicat- ing drinks, under any oiroumstanoss, are unnecessary. I will admit that there are people who may take two or three glasses of wine every day and live to be old men and women, but the majority cannot imbibe in this way, but do themselves harm. It has really pained me when I have seen medical men prescribing a little wine or brandy for infants not a year old. I have long been a teetotaller, and though in this country I have often been tempted to take intoxicatingjdrinks, I have never yielded, and do not think I shall. The Hon. S. L. Tilley afterwards addressed the meeting in a forcible speech, in which he contrasted the laws of this country and those of New Brunswick ia relation to the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks, the latter, in his opinion, being far .superior. The meeting broke up at a late bonr,
.DEATH FROM STARVATION.
DEATH FROM STARVATION. An inquest was held on Monday at the St. Marylebose Workhouse, respecting thedeathof awoman named Mary Lucas. She was a poor woman, 76 years of age, who, with a brother who is over 60 years old, occupied a front kitchen in Nutford-place, St. Maryiebone. She had suffered for a long time from an abscess on one arm, and was a pauper in receipt of out- door relief. The amount of relief allowed was 3s. 6d. per week, and during the present winter she and her brother had been forced to make that and 41., which he earned as a porter, suffice for their weekly maintenance. They had to pay 2s. 6d. per week rent for their one room. About six weeks ago she suffered from diarrhoea, and the parish doctor was called in and attended her. He had not, however, seen her latterly. The relieving officer called at the house weekly with the 39. 6d., but had no notion that the old woman was suffering from want. She did not complain to him of the insufficiency of the allowance made to her by the guardians. About a week ago she became very ill, but her brother did not send for the doctor until the last moment, and the doctor only reached the house to find the woman dead. There was no doubt that death was owing in part to want of proper nourishment. It was stated, on behalf of the guardians, that a greater amount of relief would have been given, if they had known that deceased needed more. A verdict was returned to the effect that death had resulted from the want of proper nourishment.
MOVE ON: AN UNWARRANTABLE…
MOVE ON: AN UNWARRANTABLE INTERFERENCE. At the Clerkenwell Police-court, on Saturday, William Manning, a respectable-looking person, answered a summons obtained against him by Ann Godier, under the following strange ciroumstances:- Complainant, a young woman, deposed I reside with my husband at 242, Whitechapel-road. He is a fish salesman. On Monday morning, the 10th ult., we were standing near our home talking to a friend named Gesnell, when the defendant passed us, and as he did so pulled my cloak. Presently he returned, struck me on the shoulder with his hand, and used shameful language. My husband then interfered, and blows were struck.—Cross-examined by Mr. Graves: I swear that I am a married woman. There were not two other men besides my husband nor any police- constable. Defendant was left in the road. My husband was obliged to knock him down. I saw no blood. Defendant had not to my knowledge said any- thing about it being a curious time of night to be loitering about the streets. James Godier confirmed his wife's statement.—Cross-examined: I called him an insolent fellow, and said that if a constable was present I would give him into custody. He threatened to knock my eye out. I was compelled to strike him, and I left him in the road. He did not strike my wife hard. She does not assert that he did, but his language was most gross to her, myself, and friend. I have been 14 years a fish salesman at Billingsgate on my own account, without a stain on my oha. racter. I know defendant only by seeing him about. Did not hear him say he had been robbed. I swear that I did not see him bleeding in the road. He struck me before I hit him. He accused my wife of being a common street-walker.—A Mr. Gosnell, the friend alluded to, corroborated all that the com- plainant and his wife swore to.—Mr. Graves said: The defendant resides near the complainant, and, seeing four persons together at such an hour of the morning, he certainly entertained doubts ef their motives. They remained there at least 10 minutes. He denied having used any bad language, or by his conduct implied anything indelicate to the complainant. A short time since he had been robbed, and he considered he was justified in men- tioning that he considered it curious for persons to be loitering about at such a time. The complainant had struck him down without any cause, and left him bleeding.—Magistrate: Your client took on himself the duty of a police-constable. What right had he to interfere if two or three persona were talking to- gether ? If he misconducted himself as sworn to, it served him well right to be knocked down. On the other hand, if damages are sought in this case. a county court is the proper place to entertain it. The assault was simply placing the hand on the shoulder. The summons was then dismissed on the payment of the costs.
P APEll VERSUS FROST AND TEAW.
P APEll VERSUS FROST AND TEAW. Some time since (says the Observer) we gave an account of a mode of treating paper so as to adapt it to many purposes in addition to those for which it is now applied. Among other things which we described were pipes, cisterns, and even houses made of paper. One of the advantages which was claimed for the paper thus treated by the processes of M. Szerlemy, the inventor, was that the material would effectually exclude frost, so that water would not freeze in paper pipes or cisterns. The severe frost of the last week has afforded strong confirmation of this statement. In the open space adjoining the factory near Batter- sea-bridge, and fronting the river, there was a large brick tank containing several tons of water, the ice upon which was two or three inches thick. By the side of this brick tank was another made of paper boards, bat the water in this was not in the least frozen. Some iron pipes which supplied water to the boiler of the engine-house from the large cistern burst in several places on the thawing of the frozen water which they contained. Some paper pipes, on the other hand, which were filled with water, and which were exposed in the snow on the ground, perfectly kept' the water from freezing. In a model house or hut, made of paper, and which is erected on the open space, some water exposed in open bowls and pails did not freeze, though outside the building there were large masses of ice. The encaustic colours, with which the exterior of the paper house had been painted, and which had also been applied to brick, iron, stone, timber, and a variety of other materials, retained their peculiar brightness and brilliancy throughout the whole period of the continued frost. These very practical and severe tests seem to establish more fully the value of the pro .esset!! which we have described. If water does not freeze under the condi- tions referred to, a very large amount of that discom- fort and annoyance so generally experienced in dwelling houses and manufacturing establishments at the time of frost and thaw would be arrested by the substitution of these paper pipes and cisterns for the ordinary ones of lead or iron.
ASSOCIATION JN AID OF THE…
ASSOCIATION JN AID OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. The third annual soiree of this institution was held at the Hanover-square Rooms on Monday, and was very fully attended, not only by those to whom its benefits are especially extended, but by many persons in different stations in life, who are to be classed amongst the deaf and dumb. These were accompa- nied by their friends. There was, moreover, a con- siderable attendance of supporters of the association. It may be stated that the objects of this institution are, in the first place, to provide religious and secular instruction for the 2,000 deaf mutes in the metro- polis. There are now Beven services a week in four districts of London, conducted in that lan- guage of signs by which alone the intelligence of this class can be reached. The recipients are also visited at their own homes, and these who need it are relieved as far as possible with gifts or loans of money, or are assisted in obtaining employment. This last- named object has been attained in more than 200 in- stances by. the influence and operations of the society. Every encouragement is afforded to the early training of deaf and dumb children, preparatory to their ad- mission into edacational institutions. It is proposed to extend the operations of the, society by providing a permanent place of worship and a room for even- ing classes, lectures, &c., to;adults. About 43,500 are required for this purpos; of which X2,300 have been raised. On Monday evening the proceedings were commenced by an address from Sir Robert Carden, who presided; which waa interpreted with great facility by the Rev. Samuel Smith, the secretary, principal missionary of the association. The assemblage was also brielfy spoken to by the Rev. Mr. Strickland, of St. Jude's, Whitechapol, in whose parish the sooiety has been particularly aotive; and Mr. Folkestone, the secretary of a kindred association at Leeds, delivered a congratulatory message from the deaf and ^dumb under his oharga in Yorkshire. The programme of the amusements provided for the evening was then commenced and carried through. Although to a great extent peculiar, the proceedings were interesting from a special point of view; one no table, ^feature being the intelligence, vivacity, and readiness of appreoiatioa whioh characterised the deaf and dumb present.
. ; — I i FACTS AND F ACETI.Æ.…
— FACTS AND F ACETI.Æ. 11 "Past" and "Slow" Wrirs. Swift and Crabbe. Wanted.—To know the exact length of a rops used when a man is tied to time." Why is a vain young lady like a confirmed drunkard ? —Because neither of them are satisfied with the moderate use of the glass. Why is the letter 0 like London P —It is in the midst of smoke. When is the best time to read the book of nature ? When autumn turns the leaves. Why is a speech delivered on board ship lise a necklace ?—It is a deck oration. j What is that which is full of holes, and yet holds | water P—A sponge. Why is the end of a sermon like a revolution P- There is a general rising of the people. Why is a hedgehog of vegetable origin r-Beoause he is the offspring of a prickly (pair). When was Rome built ?" was asked by an Irish ) Inspector of Schools. In the night," replied youth- ful Pat. "In the night! How do you mean?" Why, sir, you know, Rome wasn't built in a day." I "Real Fenian whisky" is advertised on attractive labels by some of the spirit dealers. Why not call it Greek :fire r Logical-A. butcher let a sailor have a shoulder of mutton on trust; but finding in a day or two after that he had gone to a foreign land, said, My word but if I had known he never intended paying, I would have charged a penny a pound more for it! Very Bad.-A young man recently wrote to his sweetheart saying, There is not a globule of blood V in my heart which does not bear your photograph." He had it very bad, hadn't he ? Wonderful.—A contemporary, recording the fall of a person into the river, says, "It is a wonder that he escaped with his life." Wouldn't it have been a still greater wonder if he had escaped without it. Advice.—A man advertised lately to forward, on f receipt of postage stamps, sound practical advice, that woild be applicable at any time, and to all persons and conditions of life." On receipt of the stamps, he sent his victim the following:—"Never give a boy a penny to watch your shadow while you climb a tree to look into the middle of next week." An Irish gentleman declared to his wife that he really wished the children could be kept in the nur- sery while he was at home. Although," he con- siderately added, I would not object to their noise, [ if they would only keep quiet." J A handsome young Yankee pedlar made love to J a buxom widow in Pennsylvania. He accompanied his declaration with an allusion to two impediments to their union. "Name them," said the widow. "The 4 want of means to set up a retail store." They parted, and the widow sent the pedlar ample means. When they met again, the pedlar had hired and stocked his store, and the smiling fair one begged to know the other impediment. I have another wife," cried the notion dealer. A young lady reprimanded her shoemaker for not following her directions respecting a pair of shoes she had ordered; and, among others, insisted that they were not fellows. Crispin replied that he pur- posely made them so, in order to oblige her, well knowing the modesty of her disposition, and that she was not fond of fellows. Marry.—Jeremy Taylor sajs, if you are for plea- sure, marry; if you prize health, marry; and even if money be your object, marry. A good wife is heaven's last gift to man, his angel and minister of graces in- numerable, his gem of many virtues, his casket of jewels. Her voice, the sweetest music; her smiles, the brightest day; her kiss, the guardian of his safety, the baleara of his life; her industry, his surest wealth; ? her economy, his softest steward; her lips, his faithful counsellors; her bosom, his softest pillow of his cares; and her prayers, the ablest advocates of heaven's blessings on his head. Curiosities Wanted,-A bunch of blossom from a railway plant; the topmost bough of an a: ree; a crust from the roll of the ocean a feather fruci the crest of a wave; some quills from the wings of the wind; a lock of hair from the head of a column; a hoop from the pale of society; the knife used by ringers when pealing bells; a broom for sweeping assertions; a collar for a neck of land; a quizzing- glass for an eye to business a rocker from the cradle of the deep; a few tears from a weeping willow; and some down from the bosom of a lake. Quotations at the Bar.—Not long since, Mr. Bacon, Q.C., says the Solicitors' Journal, whilst com- menting upou the scientific evidence in a light and air case, where witnesses had attempted to prove the exact number of degrees of light which would be ob- structed, made use of the following happy quotation from Hudibras' description of the philosopher who- By meacs of geometric scale, Could tell the size of quarts of ale." The most recent and perhaps the most remarkably apposite, was by Mr. Grove, Q C., in Bovill v. Goodier, when dealing with the evidence brought forward to prove anticipation of the patent. Arguing that no patent or discovery could be npbeld on the principles put forward by the defendant, he said Sir Isaac Newton's discovery of the laws of gravitation might with equal foroe be said to have been anticipated by Shakespeare when, in Troilus and Cressida," he makes Cressida say:- But the strong base and binding of my love Is as the very centre of the earth, Drawing all things to it." Darling, Tell Me Yes.-Tho following is from Mr. Saxe's pen, in Public Opinion :— One little moment more, Maud, One little moment more; I have a word to speak, Maud, I never breathed before. What can it be but love, Maud ? And do I rightly guess, 'Tis pleasant to your ear, Maud ? 0, darling, teli me yes. The burden of my heart, Maud, There's littla need to tell; There's little need to say, Maud, I've loved you long and well. There's language in a eigh, Maud, One's meaning to express; And yours—was it for me, Maud ? 0, darling, tell me yea. My eyes have told my love, Maud, And on my burning cheek You've read the tender thought, Maud, My lips refused to speak. J I gave you all my heart, Maud, 'Tis needless to confess; And did you give me yours, Maud ? Oh, darling, tell me yes. 'Tis sad to starve a love, Maud, So worshipful and true; I know a little cot, Maud, Quite large enough for two: And you will be my wife, Maud, So you may ever bless, Through all your sunny life, Maud, The day you answered yes. A Shrewd Editor.-At a Welsh celebration in Now York recently, Dr. Jones told the following anec- dote :—" The speaker said the editors were like other shrewd men who have to live with their eyes and ears open. He related a story of an editor who started a paper in a new village in the west. The town was infested by gamblers, whose presence was a source of annoyance to the citizens, who told the editor if he did not come out against them they would not patro- nise his paper. He replied that he would give them a « smasher next day. Sure enough, his next issue contained the promised 'smasher,' and on the follow- ing morning the redoubtable editor, with scissors in hand, was seated in his sanctum cutting out news, when in walked a large man with a club in his hand, and demanded to know if the editor waa in. 'No, sir,' was the reply; he has stepped out; take a seat and read the papers, he will return in a minute.' Down sat the indignant man of cards, orossed his legs, with his club between them, and com- menced reading a paper. In the meantime the editor very quietly vamoosed down stairs, and at the landing below be met another excited man with a oadgel in his hand, who asked if the editor was in. Yes, sir,' was the prompt response; 'you will find him npstaira reading the papers.' The latter, on entering the room with a furious oath, commenced a violent assault upon the former, which was resisted with equal ferocity. The fight was continued until they had both rolled to the foot of the stairs, and pounded each other to their heart's content."