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NATURAL HISTORY NOTES.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES. [FROM THE "FIELD."] HERON IN LONDON. After the thunderstorm on Saturday last (July 18) a heron ilew over Wimpole-street, going due south.—R. E. B. CHICKS CHIRPING WITHIN THE EGG. With regard to Mr. J. H. Sayce's remarks on the chirping of chicks within the egg, I would say, three days before hatching, a friend of mine (Mr. Dye) assures me he has distinctly heard the young chick of the ringed plover faintly whistling when held at nearly arm's length.—Arthur H. Patterson (Great Yarmouth). PUFFIN INLAND. I was shown, a few days ago, a puffin which was caught on the high road about three miles from Avlsham and about seven miles from the sea as the crow flies. Is not this a rather rare occurrence t Would it be a wanderer from the salt marshes, or from Breydon. or where?—Talbot H. Bond. [The puffin is a cliff haunting bird as a rule, but in islands where the soil is sandy enough, or sufficiently soft to be excavated, it burrows like a rabbit and lavs its eggs underground. Many instances have been reported of wandering puffins being found inland at some distance from the sea, presumably blown out of their course by adverse winds.—Ed.] BIRDg AT gEA I have for the past three or four years taken a note of position, etc., of birds which we often get on board. For instance, June, 1901, 200 miles from the West Coast of Africa, about opposite Cape Verde, we had five tired bitterns on board. Of course I would not let them be harmed. I have several times seen quail, woodcock, small birds, nightjars, etc., on board a long way from land.— H. L. Lucas (H.M.S. Speedwell, Shcerness). [The record of land birds captured far at sea is interest- ing, and the fact that five bitterns were on board at°once implies that they were migrating in com- pany, and not singly, which is unusual. The only instance of the kind which we can call to mind is recorded in "The Zoologist" for 1883, p. 223.-Ed.] CUCKOOS AND CATERPILLARS. For two or three weeks past a cuckoo, and some- ,times two, have been constantly on or about the gooseberry bushes in my garden. The bushes are infested with a small green caterpillar and no ,doubt these attract the cuckoos. If a bush is tapped smartly with a stick a number of the caterpillars fall to the ground. I have seen a cuckoo shake a bush by fluttering it wings rapidly, but I could not -be certain whether it was at the time sitting on the bush or poised immediately above it. The fluttering might have been for the purpose only of maintaining the bird's balance, but it appeared as if it were done with the intention of shaking, the bush. At any rate, the cuckoo directly afterwards dropped on the ground and picked up the cater- pillars which had fallen owing to the shaking of the bush.—Edward Tristram (Poynton, Cheshire). THE YELLOW WAGTAIL. I noticed in your columns a few weeks ago some remarks as to the scarcity of the yellow wagtail in some parts of Entrland this summer. I have seen several pairs in this district this year. One pair settled in mv garden, and I hoped were about to nest in a Virginia creeper on the house where thev frequently perched. Unfortunately a pied wagtail (one or two pair of which generally nest in the garden), no doubt the male bird, furiously attacked and pursued the male yellow wagtail when- ever it appeared on the lawn. After experiencing this unpleasant treatment for a few days the yellow wagtails deserted the garden, but I think have nested in some trees a little distance away. Possibly a similar reception has driven the yellow wagtails from other gardens.—Edward Tristram (Povnton, Cheshire). [The yellow wagtail in- variably nestr, on the ground.—Ed.] SUPERSTITION ABOUT BEES. You are doubtless aware of the superstition respecting bees dying on the death of their wi er. I have been this afternoon (July 16) to the sale of effects of a gentleman who died about a fortnight since. In the catalogue three stocks of bees were entered for sale, but when the man went to i: c.ve them out they were all dead. This is the (Hrd time I have personally known of such UJI occi.i- rf,-nc(,Jo:;c,)h Allen (Ampthill). [A similar cr,c is noticed in Chambers's "Book of Day, ('-ol n 7C2) except that the bees were not dcvrl but ailing o;, the, death of the owner. Several com- munications on this subject have appeared at intervals in "Notes and Oucrics, n, I'i,- ]at, Canon Atkinson, in his entertaining volume Forty Years in a Moorland Parish," has an interesting chapter on Bee Customs and Notions. wmch may be read with advantage by those WH,) :t sire to pursue the subject further.Ed.] DRUMMING OF THE SNIPE. I have no wish to enter into controversy en ti.is subject: but perhaps I may ask those who noid tl at the wonderful sound is produced by the wir,,s of the bird whether they have made any experiments with the wing feathers similar to those which Herr Meves made with the tail feathers, and if so what was the result? If their attempts with the wing feathers have been successful, well and good: if not, I do not see why they should question the accuracy of Herr Meves's proof, which satisfied one by no means easily convinced of anything, Mr. John Wolley, who wrote ("Proceedings of the Zoo- logical Society," 1858, p. 291) that, in his presence. "the mysterious noise of the wilderness was repro- duced in a little room in the middle of Stockholm. First, the deep bleat now shewn to proceed from the male snijjo, and then the fainter bleat of the female, both most strikingly true to nature, neither producabie with any other feathers than the outer ones of the tail."—Alfred Newton. I am much interested in the correspondence which has appeared on this subject, and as I have frequent opportunity of seeing snipe hero in their nesting season. I may say that after very careful watching I am firmly convinced that the sound comes from the bird's throat. I have observed that the drumming takes place as frequently when the bird is on the ground as when in the air. G. L. Palmes (Capt.) (Bere Regis. Wareham. Dorset.) [Mr. Abel Chapman, writing on this subject in Bird Life on the Borders," 1889, p. 29, says, "the sound is clearly attributable to the wings, not the voice, for the key changes with the alteration in the bird's course in the air."—Ed.] THE FOOD OF FLOUNDERS AND EELS. I opened several flounders on the 11th inst., and found them packed with small shore crabs (Carcinus moenas) about the size of Barcelona nuts. Eels also are now found repleted with them. I saw a Alb. eel, 18in. in length, early in the month, that was taken on a pick. It was distended with food, and on dissection six small crabs and two of its own fellows—each as thick as one's little finger -were turned out of its maw. I do not think the eel is usually accounted a cannibal. On the same day (July 11) I saw an immature common gull (Larua canus) seize a small live eel. about a foot in length, and swallow it, the writhings of the fish being quite visible as the distended neck of its almost equally wondering captor assumed some queer con- tortions. For five minutes the gull seemed very It-) e rn It uneasy, but ut the cud of that time, like an avine Oliver Twist, it was seeking for more. I threw a few smaii eels to some tame ducks. It was amusing to see one, after pouncing upon an eel, jump back on discovering by its sudden squirm that it was not a worm. and then, in astonishment, walk round it. But a dead eel or two having been sampled, the ducks speedily learned that eels were harmless, and, moreover, good eating. Contrary to the opinion of expert naturalists. I am convinced that some eels, besides the fry of the year, ascend our rivers from the sea in the spring and early summer. Recently some sandlaunces, an exclusively marine species, were taken out. of an eel caught in Brey- don Harbour, where I hnve not yet discovered Ammodvtes, although at this season on hot days herring "yle bv myriads are to be seen disporting near the surfact. In pursuit of these young her- rings I have known eels to rise high in the water, quite to the surface, in fact.—Arthur H. Patterson (Great Yarmouth).
[No title]
FLINTSHIRE OOLLIERY MYSTERY.-At the Holywell County Court, on Tuesday, before Sir Horatio Lloyd, Mary Emma Bemiion, of Bagilit, sued the Bettisfield Colliery Company. Bagillt. under the Workmen's Compensation Act, for damage, for the loss of her husband. Mr. F. Cuthberi Smith (instructed by Messrs. Hughes and Hughes, Flint) appeared for the applicant, and Mr. P. Marsh (Richardson and Marsh, Liverpool) ap- peared for the respondents. Hugh Bcnnion was cmplovcd at the colliery as a pumpman. On the 12th Mav last the dec rased was in the pit after the other men had left. After five hours a signal was heard and the engineman hoisted an empty cage. Search was made., and the body of deceased was ? V bottom of the loom. Ihero was no eviS-ncc »'Ch« how to Bot into th„ loom. The evidence that the deceased was not Sorted "to remain down after the other men had left Thev admitted that the deceased as a naa Jett.^ J-- n -erv for many years, had been accustomed to remain in the pit after hours-His acousiomtu iu deceased was lnex- Honour saul the death of the vohmtari] plic-able. It could not sai" 1 fi hours- cer- stayed down the pit for fou wronK There tainly something J failed to Eee that was no suggestion of suicide An order waa it was anything but an acc u p granted for £ 150, with costs on scale C.
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THE FISCAL PROBLEM.
THE FISCAL PROBLEM. 0 MR. CHAMBERLAIN QUESTIONED. Mr. Chamberlain, replying in the House of Commons on Tuesday to a question put by Mr. Churchill, on behalf of Sir Edgar Vincent, said a return had already been promised, shewing the nature of imports into the self-governing Colonies from foreign countries, but he did not think it possible to attempt a classification on the basis of I what must be largely a matter of opinion, viz., whether the articles were such as could be fur- nished by the United Kingdom. Ho was aware of I no reason why the United Kingdom should not furnish any or all of the manufactured articles usually imported into the Colonies from foreign countries. Mr. Churchill: What my honourable friend wants to get is the opinion of the Department. Mr. Chamberlain: That is not specifically the question, but if it is any advantage to my honour- able friend to have the opinion of the head of the Department, it is that these articles might all be furnished by the United Kingdom. TARIFF REFORM LEAGUE. DUKE OF WESTMINSTER S SUPPORT. The inaugural meeting of the Tariff Reform League for the defence and development of the industrial interests of the British Empire was held on Tuesday at the Westminster Palace Hotel, under the presidency of the Duke of Sutherland. Tho Duke of Westminster, in a letter to the chairman, said the object of the League-—the de- fence and the development of the industrial inter- ests of the Empirwas one dear to the hearts of all loyal Britons in these islands, and in that greater Britain over &ea. That object would be best promoted by an examination of the tariff with the view to its employment to defend the indus- trios of the United Kingdom, and to consolidate and develop the resources of the Empire. They had no parti pris; they wanted a fair and complete and stringent inquiry; they would carry it on fairly, squarely, and without prejudico. and by its results they would be bound. (Applause.) ^Ho owned that the need of such inquiry seemed to him more, rather than less, dominant when he noted the frenzy of prejudice with which the proposal to examine it had been received by one section of politicians. If our commercial status were wholly satisfactory he would have thought that an inquiry would be welcomed by those who accepted the doctrines of Free Trade as though they were, in Lord Rosebery's words, part of the Sermon on the Mount. That was the fashion, not of statesman- ship, but of party politics. They knew nothing of party. What they did know was that they loved their native land, and that in the opinion of many of the best and wisest people in tho Empire—and not only in the Empire, but in foreign countries—• that land was being ousted from her position under the existing tariff system. Our manufacturers were being driven from the field, a disquieting number of our workingmen were rendered idle or compelled vl to seek a living wage by foreign emigration; our population was left dependent for its supply of b-read on the United States when our Colonies could, as they ought to, supply us; our towns have beoome a dumping ground for the manufactured goods of other countries, whoso manufactures wore protected. Finally, he pointed out that the Government were deprived of the one weapon which would enable us to protect our Colonies when they were threatened, as Canada was the other day by Germany, for daring to make a dis- tinction between the Mother Country and foreign nations. These were hard sayings. If they were ti-ue, ought they not to use every means in their power to render them false? If they were false, ought they to shrink from the trouble needed to demonstrate their falsity? The mere fact that they had convinced the mind of so broad and so liberal a' statesman as the great Colonial Secre- t, tary—(cheers)—who had done so much to draw the lands of the Empire togethe(renewed cheers)— made it important that they should look closely at their position. Inquiry must precede action, and for the present inquiry was the object of the League, and he was sure that it would be honour- ably and dispassionately pursued in the name and for the welfare of British industry and tho British Empire. (Applause.) Sir Herbert Maxwell, M.P., in moving a resolu- tion constituting the league, said it would be the business of the league to instituto a searching in- quiry into the position of certain industries, to collect facts, and to present those facts in a digestible form before the electorate, with whom the ultimate decision must rest. If the apprehen- sions which they entertained proved to be well founded. it would be the object of the league to press for a revision and readjustment of tho tariffs to enable the people of this country to retain what they still had, and possibly to regain a good deal of what they had lost.—Tho Duko of Suther- land was elected president of the league, and an executive committee and a sub-committee wore appointed. ARTHUR CHAMBERLAIN OPPOSES. Mr. Arthur Chamberlain on Wednesday, at a council meeting of tho Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, declared that no one who was in the know cared for the inquiry into the fiscal system which was promised. It was promised only to prevent their discussing tho thing. There would be no inquiry in the autumn. The moment tho time came for certain people to go round address- ing the country the only inquiry would ba Can I get people to vote for me?" SCOTTISH AGRICULTURISTS. Taking advantage of the presence of a large and ropresentativo body of Scottish agriculturists at the Dumfries Show, on Wednesday, the Scottish Chamber oi Agriculture held a special meeting in the showyard in the afternoon to consider our fiscal policy. Mr. Andrew Hutchinson (Beechwood, Perth), at the request of the Chairman of the Committee of the Scottish Chamber of Agricul- ture, moved—" That this meeting of Scottish I agriculturists expresses itself as strongly in favour ot tho proposed inquiry into the liscai system to ascertain whether a change is justified by ciroum- stances." Although belonging to tho opposite side of politics from which the fiscal proposal emanated, Mr. Hutchinson said he need not 02 oiaimed as a eonvert to the party in office. At tho same time ho hold that, in view of the attitude and tho posi- tion taken up by foreign nations, it was now necossary that inquiry should be made by tha people to see what could be done to help the position in Great Britain. At the time when Free Trade was instituted there was no idea that foreign countries would do other than come to a like attitude, but as that had not been tho case the time was now at hand when a review of the situa- tion should be made. Through tho docaying con- dition of agriculture in Scotland half of the land- lords in the country were bankrupt; hence the difficulties which tenants had to face.—Mr. John Spears (Newton) seconded the motion.—Mr. Andorson (North Berwick) warmly repudiated the statement that half the landlords of Scotland were bankrupt.—Mr. Hutchinson adhered to his state- ment.—Mr. Walter RuthJword (Crailing Toft) said he was opposed to any change in tho fiscal policy, but did not object to inquiry.—Mr. Edmond Galamuir and several other leading agri- culturists expressed similar viows, and the motion was adopted. On Friday, in the House of Lords, the subject of our fiscal policy was again brought under the notice of Ministers. Lord Avebury addressed to the Foreign Secretary a question as to the scope of the inquiry which is being made by the Gov- ernment, and Lord Lansdowne informed him that the Colonies would certainly come within the limits of the investigation, but it would be necessary that i Ministers, in the interests of this country, should know their own minds, and should ascertain whether it was possible to effect the changes which had been suggested and were now being discussed. When that preliminary point had been disposed of, it would then be time to see what the sell-govern- ing Colonies were prepared to give us by way of preferential treatment in return for anything we might offer them. DEARER BREAD. In the House of Commons, on Friday, Sir Howard Vincent asked the Chancellor ot the Exchequer what had been the effec-t cn the pric3 of bread at Liverpool and ether centres of population of remitting since 1st July the £7,000 per diem previously obtained for the public revenue by the registration duty on foreign grain, meal, and flour for the us3 of the British market, and if there were any figures to shew that such remission has diminished the number of paupers, and vagrants.—Mr. Rite-hie, in a printed reply, says:—I have no information as to any reoant change in the price of bread, exoapt that at Liverpool at the beginning of this month ifihere was rise which was due, I am informed, to peculiar local circumstances. It is evidently not connected with the corn duty. The repeal of the duty oil the material from which bread is made tends, of course, to postpone and reduce any riso>- in the price of bread and to accelerate any fall which may occur from other causes. I see that a well-known trade journal stated a fortnight ago that the abolition of the duty on porn had made- futures lower. MR. CHAMBERLAIN'S CRUSADE. THE OPEN MIND. Mr. Chamberlain, having willingly accepted an invitation to address a Unionist demonstration in Liverpool next October, has written Alderman Salvidge, chairman of the Liverpool Workingmen's Conservative Association, as follows :—40, Prince's- gardens, London, 24th July, 1903. Dear Alderman Salvidge,—I received with great pleasure your letter of July 22, conveying the invitation of the Working- men's Conservative Association that I should coire to Liverpool to address a mass meeting under its auspices. I willingly accept this invitation, and, if convenient to your association, I would propose that the meeting should take place on Tuesday, October 27th. As regards the time of holding the meeting, I leave myself entirely in your I hands, and would come for either an evening or afternoon meeting, as you may think best. In the latter ease, I understand, however, that the day would have to be changed to a Saturday but if an evening meeting would better suit the convenience of the working classes I also should prefer it. In any case, I shall come, relying on the constant kindness of the members of your association, and on their readiness to consider with an open mind any proposals which I may venture to make to them with the object of securing the closer union of the British Empire and the maintenance and extension of British trade. Yours very truly, Jos. CHAMBERLAIN.
BISLEY MEETING.
BISLEY MEETING. ♦ — WEDNESDAY. This day saw the completion of the first stage of the King's by the firing at 500 and 600 yards. Private W. Gray, of the London Scottish, made tho highest score in the first stage of the King's Prize and thus won the Bronze Medal. His aggregate at the three ranges was 103 out of a possible 105. The top aggregates included Private W. T. Spriggings, 1st V.B. Cheshire Regiment (99), Col.- Sorgt. T. Lewis, 1st V.B. Welch (99), and Corporal T. Lewis, 2nd V.B. Welch (98). The following are the local scores in the King's 1st stage:—C.-S.-M. J. Jones, 1st Cheshire Artillery, 73; Col.-Sergt. Marr, 1st Cheshire, 85; Pte. Tipping, 1st Cheshire, 89; Pte. Stoddart, 1st Cheshire, 87; Scrgt. Hewson, 1st Cheshire, 86; Col.-Sergt. Mayor, 1st Cheshire, 74; Private Merrick, 1st Cheshire, 91; Private Harrison, 1st Cheshire, 90; Sergt. Willis, 4th Cheshire, 84; Corpl. W. H. Willis, 4th Cheshire, 90; Lance-Sergt Foster, 5th Cheshire. 76; Sergt. Sillery, 1st Royal Welch Fusiliers, 87; Acting- Sergt. Jones, 1st R.W.F., 83; Private F. Jones, 1st R.W.F., 86; Corpl. J. Thomas, 2nd R.W.F., 83; Sergt. W. Williams, 2nd R.W.F., 96; Lieut. Folton, 2nd R.W.F., 96; Private Spriggings, 1st Cheshire, 99; Sapper Capper, 2nd Cheshire Engineers, 81; Sergt. Johnson, 2nd Cheshire Engineers, 94; Q.-M.-S. Smith, jun., 3rd Cheshire. 90; Lance- Sorgt. Manley, 3rd Cheshire, 84; Q.-M.-S. Aston, 3rd Cheshire, 87; Trooper Blackburn, Cheshiro Yeomanry, 91; Sergt. Lomas, Cheshire Yeomanry, 91; Sergt. Peel, 3rd Cheshire, 86; Sorgt. A. Jones, 3rd Welch Fusiliers, 87; O.-M.-S. Williams, 1st Cheshire and Carnarvonshire Artillery, 82. The following are tho results of other compch- jtions:—War Secretary's Competition, Major the Hon. T. F. Fremantle, 1st Bucks, 50 Belgian Cup, Queen's Edinburgh, 92; All Comers, Aggre-. gate, cup and JE15. Private J. Maccullum, 1st Stirling; Eastern v. Western Hemisphere, won by Eastern team by 68 against 65. The local prize- winners in the competitions named are:—Ail Comers' Aggregate: JE2. Private Tipping. 1st Cheshire, 161; Private Blackburn, Cheshire Yeo- manry, 161; Major E. Lamb. Cheshire. 160; and Private W. Spriggings, 1st Cheshire, 160. Stock Exchange: j61. Q.-M.-S. Smith, late 3rd Cheshire, 91. Scurry (500 yards) JBI 8s. 4d., Private Tipping, 1st Cheshire, 25. Range Prizes (200 yards King-'s;: £ 1, Private Spriggings, 1st Cheshire, 34. LOCAL SCORES. The following are the local scores in the St. George's (first stage) on Thursday 1ST CHESHIRE. 500 600 TI. Staff-Sergt. Marr 29 24 53 Private Tipping 30 30 GO Private Stoddart 32 29 Gl Sergt. Hewson 33 16 49 Colour-Sergt. Mayor 26 24 50 Private Foster 35 27 62 Private Merrick 34 3:3 67 Private Harrison 33 31 64 Private Spriggings 35 31 66 1ST CHESHIRE AND CAR. ARTIL. Qmr.-Sergt. Williams 28 30 58 Colour-Sergt. M. Jones. 30 16 49 CHESHIRE IMPERIAL YEOMANRY. Sergt. Thomas. 33. 29 G2 Trooper Blackburn 26 — A VICTORY FOR ENGLAND. The Camp, Friday. 12.30. Shooting has been proceeding in fine weather all morning for the National Challenge trophy for teams of twenty representing England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, seven shots per man each at 200, 500 and 600 yarcb. The following is the re- sult :-Engla.lld 1,820, Wales 1,805, Scotland 1,804. Ireland 1,755. THE KING'S PRIZE. The second stage of the King's Prize was decided at Bisley yesterday, and resulted in a most exciting struggle for the silver medal. Twenty rounds per man had to be tired at COO yards, and at the close four men tied with an aggregate of 188 These were Private Gray, London Scottish Sergeant Da vies, 3rd Glamorgan Private J. M'Calluia, 1st Stirling; and Sergeant Brigden, 2nd Sussex. On shooting off, Gray, who is this year's bronze medalist. also won the silver medal, making 14. while M'Callum made 13, Davies 12, and Briurden 11. Private W. T. Spriggings, 1st V.B. Cheshire Regiment, who made such an able score in the first stage of the competition, finished eleventh with the highly creditable aggregate score of 185. CHINA CUP. The China Challenge Cup, open to one team of 10 Volunteers or Yeomanry from each county, was won by Glamorgan with a team total of 4..1(i points. Dumbarton was second, and Lancashire third. Cheshire finished with a total of 419, the individual scores being:- Sergt. Lomas 42 Corporal "Willis 42 Lance-Sergt. Manby 35 Private Spriggings 4G Private Stoddart 45 Private Harrison 40 Private Tipping 38 Private Merrick 44 Sergt. Johnson 45 Sapper Capper 42 REVOLVER EVENTS. In the revolver series of events, the Whitehead Challenge Cup was won by the Royal Navy team, and the Bargrave Deane Challenge Cup by the Queen's Edinburgh. The Corporation of the City of London prize of S25 awarded to the highest scorer in the Grand Aggregate has been won by Mr. J. H. Simpson, of the Canadians. SATURDAY. THE KING'S PRIZE. WELSHMAN'S VICTORY. MAGNIFICENT FINISH. Favoured with capital weather, the meeting of the National Rifle Association was brought to a brilliant conclusion on Saturday afternoon, when in the final stage for the King's Prize the winner was found in Colour-Sergeant W. T. Davies, of the 3rd Glamorgan Volunteers. The triumph was very popular. Davies, who won the Queen's Prize in 1894, is one of the bet-known figures at gatherings of the, National Rifle Association on r Bisiey Common. Last year he was a' lei I' the British team which. at Ottawa, won tho Palma International Trophy, and this year he also shot in the match at Bisley. The King's Prizeman is somewhat short of stature, sturdily built, and about forty-seven years of a-c. At ono time he was engaged in the tin- plate industry. Afterwards he became a licensed victualler, and at present he is the representative of a firm of distillers and wine merchants, and resides at Gorseinon, in the county of Glamorgan. He is secretary of the.Welsh Twenty Ciub. There have been but two previous instances of the King's, or as it was until the meeting of 1900 the Queen's. Prize having been won on two occa- sions by one competitor. But in no case were the conditions exactly similar to those under which I Colour-Sergeant Davies secured the coveted guerdon on Saturday. The) excitement in the camp which is always incidental to the day upon which the final stage of the King's Prize. is shot was considerably in- creased on Saturday morning when it was an- nounced by means of a notice engrossed in large r;d characters, which was publicly exhibited oa the publication board in front of the general offices in the main street, that two north-country Volun- teers. members of a battalion that is affiliated with one of the most distinguished regiments of the King's Line. had been "for ever disqualified from competing at any prize meeting of the National Rifle Associat Ion." It appears that the misconduct alleged against them did not occur during the course of the Bisley meeting. At a late hour on Friday evening a special meet- ing of the English Twenty Club took place, when certain charges of falsifying the returns of a shoot which took place in connection with the club's long range competition were investigated. The offsnce being sufficiently proved, it was decided that the men should bo no longer permitted to compete in any matches promoted by the English Twenty organisation. Tho morning trains from London brought down large numbers of visitors to the camp. At one o'clock the Commander-in-Chief arrived. He was accompanied by Lady Aileen Roberts, and at once proceeded to visit the Canadian. Australian, Natalian and Guernsey camps, and. much to his regret, he found the quarters of the United States Palma Trophy team vacant, the membsrs having left for Liverpool, whence in the afternoon they fsailed in the s s. Lucania for New York. Having partaken of luncheon with Lord and Lady Cheylesmore, who were "At home" to a large party of friends at the council club-house. Lord Roberts proceeded to the Stiekledown ranges, and watched the firing at the 1.000 yards range for the King's Prize with much interest. The final stage comprizes three ranges—800. 800 and 1.000 yards-at each of which ten shots are fired. The shooting at 800 and 900 yards ranges was con- cluded before luncheon. Of the four competitors who on Fridav at the conclusion of the second stage had with aggre- gates of 183 to fire off tie shots for the silver medal, the winner, Gray, of the London Scottish, wos tli- only one to fall seriously away on Saturday. Davies and McCallum gained the first and. second places respectively in the final list. and Brigden stood twelfth. The day was calculated to try even the most experienced shots, one in which the long experience of the winner was calculated to serve him in the most valuable stead. It was evident that before half the --hot-, at the 1.000 yards had been fired that the real fisrht would lay between McCallum and Davies. The Scots- ma -,I finished first, and it was then discovered that the Welshman, with one shot to go, required an inner (4) to win, and a magpie (3) to tie his only I rival's score. It was a supremely tense moment, and it was perhaps fortunate for Davies that he was not awarp of what exactly depended upon his final effort. He is a marksman who rapidly takes up his alignment, and it seemed to the onlookers that his shot was fired before he had taken proper aim. An inner was signalled, and the match was over, with Davies as the winner. As the King's Prizeman raised himself to his feet, tho Commander-in-Chief was the first to grasp him by the hand, and to the accompaniment of ringing cheers from the crowd showers of con- gratulations poured upon him. In accordance with usage, Davies was chaired shoulder high and car- ried round the camp after he had been snapshotted and the trigger of his rifle had been tested. THE WINNER. Davies is the only Welshman since 1885, when the three stages were introduced, who has won the Gold Medal. Sergeant Jones, of Wrexham, in 1899 tied for the prize, and lost it by one point. The Martini-Henry was the Service rifle when Davies won the Gold Medal in 1893. On this occasion he scored 274 points out of a highest possible 330. Ten years ago, when he was the winner of the Queen's Prize, Davies was a. sergeant in the 1st V.B. Welsh Regiment, and had a total of 274. He is a traveller for a Glasgow firm of wine and spirit merchants, but followed the employment of a tmplate worker when he won the Gold "Medal for the first time. He is a famous shot, and was selected last year as one of the team to proceed to Canada to shoot for the Palma Trophy, when the British team achieved the victorv, and he was included in the team shooting for the trophy at the commencement of the present meeting. He lives at Llanelly, is an old international half-back, and has for many years occupied the post of London secre- tary to the Welsh Twenty Club. LOCAL SCORES AND PRIZE WINNERS. KING'S. The following is among the scores of local Volunteers in the final stage of the King's :— .Private bpriggings, 1st Ches Zbb The following is among local prize-winners in the King's:- £ 4. Sergt. W. T. Johnson, 2nd Ches. 175 ST. GEORGE'S. JB4, Private Spriggings, 1st Ches. 115 St. George's, first stage, after tie shooting: -02, 1 £ 2. Sergt. Sillery, 1st R.W.F. 65 KYNOCHS. JE1. Major Lamb. Ches. Regt 41 WINSGROVE. £ 1, Major Lamb. Ches. Regt 48 PIXLEY. jE2, Major Lamb, Ches. Rest. 34 SHERWOOD MINIATURE RIFLE. Rifle, 1.500 cartridges, and E2, Major Lamb, Clim. Regt 41 HANDSWORTH. Ll, Major Lamb. Ches. R-egt 46 £ 1, Private Tipping. 1st Ches. 45 BURT. £1138. 4d.. Major Lamb. Ches. Regt 21 LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN- RAILWAY TYROS. Ell Private Blackburn, Cheshire I.Y 68 WANTAGE. 13s. 4d., Major Lamb, Ches. Regt 21
IPOVERTY OF THE CLERGY.I
POVERTY OF THE CLERGY. I LAY-WORKER'S WAIL. R. H. H." writes to the Standard" :-Sir,-I am a Bachelor of Arts with a two years' theological course, accustomed to coaching men for University and Bishops' examinations. Being in want of con- genial employment with a possible view to a title, I offered my services s a lay-worker in the following advertisement" Graduate (theol. course) seeks day readership. Been licensed, ex- perienced in preaching, lecturing, confirmation classes, men's clubs, etc. Might accept hospitality. Excellent references and testimonials. N.O., Blank's Agency, London." Among the replies I received to several insertions were some from which I give extracts, and record the diocese from which they originated. 1. In repiv to your advensement for'hos- pitality,' I shall be glad to offer you such for 3 guinea;j a weûk. York.. 2. "I can offer you an honorary title if you care to live in the rectory and help towards its upkeep." —Rochester. 3. I require the services of a layman in my extensive parish; also a tutor for mv two boys, aged 17 and 15 respectively. I offer hospitality only, as my living is under £ 200. "—Lincoln 4. I see from your testimonials that vou can coach my son for Oxford Mods. I have also a younger son who needs attention. For lay-work and tuition I am offering £ 50 a year."—Gloucester. 5. I. can offer you a bedroom in our clercv house, but you must pay for your board. I shall also want you to play organ and train choir. The work here is hard and laborious, and will take up all your time-pop. 20,000. We read Greek Test. in the morning, and shall be glad of your classical training to explain old Bcngel and elucidate generally."—York. 6. The Vicar of —— requires a lay-reader- organist who can also train choir, garden, and do handy jobs. He offers 10s. a week—the man to live out.' "—Truro. 7. "If you want a title I can offer you part hospitality, and for remainder should require J31 weekly. "-Southwell. 8. "I can offer you hospitality but not board. I am away a good deal, and when this happens you must board out entirely."—Wakefield. 9. "I want man to do lay-work, teach my daughter aged eleven who is very backward. I am very busy and require an amanuensis. Can you train choir? Have you any objection to making yourself generally useful about garden and liou^eV —Lincoln. 10. What are you prepared to pay me for hospitality if I offer you a title for H. O. ? I cannot pay you any stipend as I have a wife and family." —Exeter. 11. "I am curate in charge here and vicar designate. I have not the faintest idea of how to provide for you if you come, but have no doubt a way can be found." (The vicar from whose parish the district was taken wrote that there was no provision made in for a lay-reader, and no guarantee of his stipend. ")-Exeter. 12. I am requiring a handy man for boys' camp at I from July 9th to 23rd, and from August 1st to 14th. He would be required to cook and superintend sanitary arrangements of camp. Free rations will be provided on Army scale, but no bedding, etc. Are you married? If your are your wife will be able to do laundry and mending. Have you been vaccinated? I cannot offer railway expenses."—Manchester. 13.—"I want a lay-reader who can undertake tuition for three hours daily, visit in afternoon, superintend evening prep, when required, play organ, train choir, and take week night mission service. You would share sitting-room with two other masters, but have separate bedroom entirely to yourself."—Winchester. 14. I am curate in charge here, just recovering from 'flu. I am afraid that the only hospitality I can offer you would be a friendlv pipe and cup of cocoa when discussing work. I enclose you a photograph of our baby girl, who is two years old to-day and most interesting."—Hereford. 15. I want help in this parish in East London. There are no lodgings to be had, and you would have to take a house and furnish it. I offer £40, being a grant from the -London. 16. We can offer you hospitality in our charm- ing home for two guineas a week. Lord resides in the parish, but takes no interest in us." —Liverpool. 17. There is a title waiting here for a suitable graduate able to teach three bright little boys every morning, train choir, play organ, and make himself useful. Are you fond of gardening, and could you undertake our pretty pony." 18. "I see you can accept 'hospitality only' can offer you an empty cottage, which, when furnished, you can use not only as a home, but for meetings, classes, men's club, etc."—York (East Riding). 19. "The Vicar of requires a secretary- lay-reader, and offers hospitality only. Arrange- ments have been made for whoever comes to also gain town experience in a well-organised parish (13.0CO population) four miles away. The reader will be excused attendance at dinner in the even- ing."—Durham. Possibly my experience may have been unusual. I sincerely hope that it has been. If it is not un- usual, surely no father in his senses will send his son into a profession requiring tuitional expenses until the age of 23, when at the best, to take an ordinary case, there is no prospect of anything beyond a "living" of under £ 300, and a fearful looking forward to the time when grey hair and a life-long experience bar the way to future pro- motion. Tiie average incumbent is unable to pro- vide for his wife and children either during his lifetime or after his death. His death means the breaking up of a home—the sooner it is done the sooner the newly-appointed priest will bo satisfied. The average man jumps at the chance of a living to escape the petty tyrannies of his vicar, and "to have a day off when one needs it," for unbeneficed clergy and lay-readers are the only "priest-ridden" people in the Empire. The English clergy are being rapidly reduced to the level of professional begging-letter writers. Their argument is this, I have niancd a wife whom I cannot maintain, am the father of children for whom I cannot pro- vide. and whom I cannot educate; I have a parish that I cannot finance, and a house for which the diocesan surveyor will not give me a certificate. Although my wife and children are ill-fed and worse clothed. I can offer you 'hospitality,' which means, of course, less food for them." If patrons, before presentation, were to ascertain whether a priest were able, from a pecuniary point, to accept the so-called "living" we should hear and see a good deal less of the "poverty of the clergy." Church livings are not almshouses. The scarcity of Ordination candidates seems to arise from the fact that men are beginning to realise that unless they have means, prospects," or interest, they are better away from Orders. The Church does not want poor men. She has nowhere to put them.
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THE KING AND QUEEN.
THE KING AND QUEEN. The King and Queen fulfilled several important and interesting engagements in Dublin on Wednes- day, and everywhere were heartily cheered by the people. They held a levee at Dublin Castle and visited Trinity College, and the Queen afterwards went to the Alexandra Women's College, of which she is the patron. The King made several speeches in reply to addresses presented to him He said there was no part of his dominions in which he took more interest or visited with greater enjoyment than 'Ireland. During their visit the Queen and he hoped to make themselves acquainted with the conditions under which the people lived and worked, and to learn something of what had been done to brighten the lot of the labouring poor. Among those at the levee was the Rev. Dr. Walsh. Roman Catholic A Tinli 0/ .DuijJin. It i. to time he hits attended any ceremony at the Castle. VISIT TO TENEMENTS. The King and Queen on Friday fulfilled a large variety of engagements in Dublin. His Majesty paid a visit to the Iveagh Trust tenements and also to the Corporation Buildings, which are model dwellings for the working classes. At St. Patrick's Cathedral the King was presented with an address by the Dean and Chapter, to which he replied, and referred to his previous visits to the sacred edifice. The Queen went to the Hospice for the Dying and the Royal Hospital, where she dis- tributed flowers to the patients as she stood by their bedside. Later their Majesties together visited the depot of the Royal Irish Constabulary, and inspected* about 400 picked members of the force who came from all parts of Ireland. In the afternoon they proceeded to Maynooth College, dressed in half mourning. They were received by three of the Archbishops and 20 Bishops, who pre- sented an address expressing among other things gratitude for his Majesty's kindly references to the Pope. The King in reply remarked that the College had long been famous as a centre of ecclesciastical life, and added that the venerable Pontiff who had passed away had left a memory which would long be cherished beyond the bounds of the Church of which he was the exalted head. MOTOR-CAR MISHAP. King Edward and Queen Alexandra left Dublin at noon on Saturday for Newtownards, which was reached by the Royal train shortly before three o'clock. Their Majesties, who were received at the station by their hosts, the Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, after accepting a loyal address from the local urban council, proceeded to Mount Stewart. It unfortunately chanced that rain com- menced to fall just about this time, and continued for the remainder of the day. In spite of the unpleasant weather, the King, the Marquis of Londonderry, and several members of the house party later in the afternoon travelled by motor-car to Portaferry, where his Majesty crossed Strangford Lough, and* paid a visit of three-quarters of an hour's duration to Lord and Lady De Ros, at Old Court. On landing at Portaferry the motors were again called into requisition, amid manifestations of public interest. As the Royal car was moving out of the little village it suddenly came to a standstill in mounting a steep ascent. The crowd immediately pressed forward as if desirous of shaking bands with the King, but the police and bluejackets promptly kept the people back. In the end the car bad to be pushed up tne hill by sailors and constabulary, the driver being apparently unacquainted with the lesson taught during the recent motor runs in Kerry, that a motor will frequently climb a hill backwards when the ordinary form of progression is impossible. The ascent being surmounted, the car proceeded, but it had not gone very far before there was again a stoppage. This, however, was only of a momentary character, and the journey was quickly resumed and rapidly completed without further incident. The motor landed his Majesty back at Mount Stewart in time for dinner, after an excursion which, in view of the wretched weather that characterised it, bears striking tribute to the really robust health which his Majesty happily enjoys. Their Majesties on Sunday morning attended Divine service in the private chapel at Mount Stewart, and in the afternoon journeyed by motor- car to Clandeboye, the residence of the Dowager Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava. The King and Queen on Monday paid a visit to Belfast, which has put itself into brave festal trim for the occasion. MESSAGE TO THE IRISH. Mr. George Wyndham, Chief Secretary for Ireland, has written the following letter to the Lord Lieutenant:— Viceregal Lodge, July 24, 1903. Your Excellency,—The Kinit, before leaving, commands me to beg that you will convey to all his people in Dublin his Majesty's deep appreciation of the loyalty and affection with which he and the Queen have been surrounded throughout their stay in the capital of Ireland. Their Majesties will for ever cherish each memory of days during which every incident has but confirmed their belief that the inhabitants of this illustrious city may, under God's providence, confidently look forward to bless- ings commensurate with the keenness of their intelligence and the warmth of their hearts. I am, your Excellency's obedient servant, GEORGE WYNDHAM. To H.E. Earl Dudley, G.C.V.O., Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. ROYAL GIFT TO DUBLIN. The King has made a gift of Bl-,000 to the poor of Dublin.
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MR. BALFOUR'S BIRTHDAY. Saturday was the birthday of the Premier. Mr. Balfour was born on July 25, 1848. He was the recipient of a very large number of congratulations. In the afternoon the right hon. gentleman left Downing- street by motor-car for Terling, Essex, on a visit to his sister, Lady Rayleigh.
THE LATE POPE.I
THE LATE POPE. I Immense crowds of people passed through St. I Peter's on Friday to view the body of the late Pope. THE FUNERAL. IMPRESSIVE SPECTACLE. At noon on Saturday the people of Rome saw the last of Leo XIII. The great doors of St. Peter's were closed, and the preparations for the removal of the remains to their temporary restin? place until the permanent monument is ready began, The final ceremonies were deeply impres- sive. but were not marked by the reverence that one expected on so great an occasion. For this the Vatican authorities were largely to blame, through deciding to hold the funeral service in the small chapel of the Choir, instead of in the im- mensity of the Basilica. Not a tithe of the 4,000 people or so who were 8niitJ«d to bo present could be aoeommodated in the chapel, and for two hours, from seven o'clock until nine, when all was over-the cathedral buzzed like a great hive. The congregation consisted largely of priests, employes of the Vatican, and representatives of various papal institutions, and. true to Roman instinct, they chattered without ceasing during the service. It was only at the very end that they were silent, and that the cere- mony strongly stirred one to emotion. The troops of the Italian Government who had maintained order while thousands of the faithful passed by the remains on the preceding days, had been replaced by the Noble Guards of the Vatican in white cavalry uniforms and enormous busbies. Swiss Guards in rainbow-coloured uniforms, with halberds. and round-shouldered, corpulent Palatine Guards in conventional military uniforms, but with most unmilitary look. A procession of monks marched from the sacristy to the Chapel of the Sacrament, slowly chanting the "Miserere." Upon their arrival near the remains, the sedierri, or chair-bearers, raised the body from the catafalque, and the Sistine choir. which was in waiting, took up the monks' chant. Led by the Cardinal Archbishop of the cathedral. the chief actors made their way along a passage through the crowds cleared by the Swiss Guards to the Choir chapel, a slight detour being made in order to pass the tomb of St. Peter. As the chapel was entered, the chant changed into "In Para- disium," and the body was sprinkled with holy water. Then reverentially a scarlet robe was wrapped round the remains, which were laid in a coffin of cypress. The papal medals struck during Leo's reign, a parchment scroll containing a record of the Pontiff's life, and other insignia were placed at the head and feet of the deceased Pope. When the benediction had been recited, the body was placed in a second coffin of lead. and this again in a third coffin of elm, covered with maroon brocade, and bearing an inscription. This part of the ceremony took an hour. Brown-jacketed workmen then bustled around, and having securely roped the coffin to a crane. hoisted it into a niche provided for its reception over the door to the left of the choir chapel. As the coffin slowly mounted to its resting place, the crowd became silent for the first time, and the notes of the Sistine choir could be heard through- out the building as they rose and fell in mournful cadence. The last brief ceremony was the most impressive of all. As the committal was spoken, the candles. which had been kept burning since the death of the Pope. were extinguished by prelates. That act broke the last link which bound Leo XIII. to the Vatican. The ecclesiastics silently left the cathe- dral, and the crowd melted away. DIOCESE OF SHREWSBURY. The Roman Catholic Bishop of Shrewsbury (the Right Rev. Dr. Allen) has sent to his clergy a cir- cular, in which he says: "We desire that, at the first available moment, a Mass of Requiem be said by every priest holding faculties in this diocese for the repose of the soul of the late Holy Father. That, where possible, a Solemn High Mass should be sung for the same intention. Also, that in each deanery the clergy should attend a Solemn Requiem, on a day at the option of the Dean. We wish. also, that the faith- ful should be invited to attend these masses; and we leave to the rector of each mission to add to all services such special prayers as he may think best. While thus mindful of the glorious dead, we must needs be instant in prayer, that the widowed Church may soon be blest with a head as saintly and in all ways as worthy as the Pontiff whose loss we so deeply mourn. From the date of the receipt of this letter, therefore, until a suc- cessor shall occupy the Chair of Peter, we direct, that the prayer 'Pro eligendo Summo Pontifice' be used at Holy Mass and Benediction." AN ABSURD BELIEF. Is the dead Pope struck on the forehead with a silver hammer? asks the "Liverpool Daily Post." The incident is recounted over and over. We read it in two of the greatest works of English fiction. We read of it also in those books and articles which set out to deal with the wonderful ritual which is observed at the death of a Pope. Now we find from the Rome correspondent of a London journal that Cardinal Oreglia has declared that it is all fiction. that the dead Pope is not struck with a hammer, and that he is not called by his Christian name as was reported with some precision. Now Cardinal Oreglia ought certainly to know, and yet it is hard to believe that the storv should be totally devoid of truth. The same incident was repeated when Pope Pins IX. died, and there were some report then which gave very particular details. There is one explanation. It is said that when the Pope dies there is some ceremony which involves the wiping of the brow with a sponge at the end of a silver rod, and that this ceremony has been mis- taken for the very dramatic incident which is re- ported as the incident of the silver hammer. Stil it is curious that it should not have been exploded long ago, for those who recount the story are by no means hostile to the Church of Rome.
BARNARD CASTLE POLL.
BARNARD CASTLE POLL. ———— THE RESULT. GRATIFYING UNIONIST VOTE. The result of polling which took place at Barnard Castle Division of Durham for the election of a Member of Parliament in succession to the late Sir Joseph Pease, Liberal, was announced on Saturday afternoon as follows;- MR. HENDERSON (Labour) 3.370 COL. VANE (Unionist) 3.):23 MR. H. BEAUMONT (Liberal) 2.80.) Labour majority, 4i. In view of the fact that the constituency has hitherto been a Liberal stronghold, the late member securing big majorities at each of the last four elections, it is highly gratifying to note the splendid vote which the Unionist candi- date secured. Previous elections have resulted as follows 1885. 1895. Sir J. W. Pease, Sir.T. W. Pease (R.) 4,924 M.P. (L ) 5,962 Major the Hon. W. The Hon P.Bowes- L. Vane (L.U.) 3,848 Lyon (C.) 2,457 —— Radical majority. 1,075 Liberal majority. 3 5v5 ISM. 11)00. Sir J. W. Pease (G.) Pease (R.) 5,036 Unopposed. Major the Hon. W. 1892. L. Vane (L.U.) 3.545 Sir J.W.Pease(G.) 5,337 —— Mr. W. Rolley (C.) 2,!)24 Radical majority. 1,491 Gladst'ni'n majority2,413
----FRENCH POLITICIANS' VISIT.
FRENCH POLITICIANS' VISIT. ENTHUSIASTIC FRIENDSHIP. The Paris correspondent of the Daily Telegraph" says:—" Are we pleased with our visit to England ? We are simply delighted. Although well aware that we should meet with a kind reception, we were scarcely prepared for the very warm and enthusiastic welcome accorded to us on all sides. There is no doubt of the friendliness of the British nation for our country. To know England and the English is to like them." Such was the tenour of the replies made to relatives and friends who had assembled at the Gare du Nord to greet the politicians who, after being entertained so heartily in London, returned to Paris on Saturday. The enthusiasm with which they all speak of their novel experience and of the unvarying kindness shewn to them in so many quarters is good indeed to note. It shews that the words "entente cordiale" are no mere pretty figure of speech, but thoroughly express the reality of the situation. It proves that England is, indeed, "the friendly nation." Many of your late visitors have already found their way to their homes in the provinces, as Paris is, to use the stock Eh rase, empty, and there was little to detain them ere. Not one of them, however, has missed what- ever opportunity was afforded him of paying a hearty tribute to the extreme cordiality of their reception. The King's very kind message to Baron d'Estournelles de Constant and to themselves has been deeply appreciated and gratefully acknow- ledged. M. Charles Cliaumet, Deputy for the Gironde. a department which has been particularly to the fore in the desire to promote a thorough understanding between England and France, said on his arrival: There are demonstrations which cinnot be got up to order Everywhere, in the street, at the Stock Exchange, at Lloyd's, we noticed a spontaneous manifestation of sincere joy, of real emotion, which deeply touched my colleagues and myself." As for the practical results of this visit, they will soon be appai ent.
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BOARD OF EDUCATION AND WELSH SCHOOLS.—In the House of Commons, on Wed- nesday, Mr. G. T. Kenyon asked the Secretary to the Board of Education whether he was aware that the clerk to the School Board at Llangollen had stated that, as regards payments of existing liabilities, different treatment was being accorded to the board schools and the Voluntary schools; and if so. whether he would state what steps he proposed to take to prevent such preferential treat- ment.—Sir William Anson, in reply, said: Llan- gollen is an urban district with a population of some 3,000 in Denbighshire. This county has not as yet submitted a scheme to the Board. so that apparently the Act will not be in operation in Llangollen for some time. It is impossible under these circumstances that any treatment under the Act of 1902, preferential or otherwise, is now being accorded to any sort of schools.
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