The Chester Courant and Advertiser for North Wales

THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. It goes without saying that the recent change is all that could have been desired. The alteration from chilly winds and wet weather to brilliant summer sunshine has put quite a different complexion on the aspect of affairs, and reports from all quarters shew that its effects are as pronounced as they are welcome. The wheat plant is everywhere luxuriant, with appearances of early flowering. The spring-sown cereals, particularly the late drilled barleys, here and there on the more retentive soils are looking somewhat less robust than they did, but a continuance of the sun- shine will soon put matters straight in this direction. Amid the luxuriance of vegetation I and promises of heavy grass crops, however, nothing apparently transcends the bulk of the seeds, which are everywhere most abundant, and, together with the meadows and uplands, hold out the prospect of a big cut' in the near future if we should be bleat with a continuance of summer weather. There seems to be a general consensus of opinion that a considerably larger breadth of wheat has been sown during the late autumn and spring, and everywhere throughout the country scarcely anything is so prominent as the thick- growing masses of healthy dark green vegetation, giving promise of heavy crops. Some of the meadow grasses shew signs of riDeninLr. and within the next week, or fortnight at most, cutting will have commenced, and probably become pretty general should the weather continue propitious. A feature in the markets of the past week has been the further drop in the price of wheat, which is now quoted at 46s. 3d. But, as even this represents an advance of 10s. lOd. per quarter since the beginning of April, it will be seen that the price is as yet well maintained; but as the Chester bakers have been good enough to concede a halfpenny on the 41b. loaf, we must be thankful for small mercies. The worst part of the whole business, how- ever, is the continued depression, and consequent low prices, in the cheese markets. The consumptive demand remains very quiet; old produce is being pushed forward to make room for the new deliveries, some of which are already making their appearance in the market. From Glasgow, where the arrivals are reported as light and the sale sMw, the following quota- tions are received :—Finest old Cheddars, 56s. to 58s. per cwt.; secondary, 40s. to 50s.; finest Dunlops, 54s. to 56s. secondary, 46s. to 52s. The sale is also slow for Canadian cheese, which is in limited supply; prices easier. Finest Septembers, 40s. to 42s.; new season's cheese, 28s. to 39s. New Zealand cheese, 42s. to 44s., with slow sale. THE DRAINAGE AROUND THE FARMSTEAD.' 'Trent Valley writing in Farm and Home on this very important subject, says:—Not the least important detail connected with farming at this present moment is the state of the drainage of the homestead and of the buildings generally in which the cattle are housed. During the' winter the drains-so long as they work-are best left to themselves, because they are in constant use, but as soon as the last animal has been sent to grass for the summer, the whole of the drainage scheme should be thoroughly examined, and, if need be, repaired. In the best regulated arrangement it will often be found that much solid matter has penetrated into the drain itself, and as in the summer months flushing must depend principally upon the rainfall, it naturally follows that there is a risk of the drain becoming stopped entirely un- less this partially dry matter be removed. Too often the drains surrounding our farm build- ings are so constructed as to favour stoppages. The pipes used are too large, and they are laid with a most indifferent fall; it is therefore almost a certainty from the first that they will give trouble. A point too often overlooked in these days is the fact that more of the solid excrement now finds its way into the drains than was formerly the case, owing to the decreased use of straw for bedding purposes. A strong argument in favour of this early summer cleansing of drains is that it gives the summer rainfall upon the buildings a chance of sweeping the drains repeatedly at a time of year when only a limited amount of solid matter is likely to gain access to them. To get the best use of the rainfall, however, we must take care that the eaves-gutters and down pipes round our buildings are in a good state as regards cleanliness. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. During the five months ended May 31st, the value of living animals imported for food was 94,552,562, as compared with S4,396,451 in the corresponding period of last year. There were 242,634 oxen imported, against 231,459. Of these 179,902 came from the United States. 46,145 from the Argentine Republic, 15,907, from Canada, and 680 from the Channel Islands. The number of sheep was 348,973, against 262,913 last year. The Argentine Republic sent 226,768, the United States 107,392, Canada 4,454, and other countries 10,359. Of swine, 450 were imported. The value of corn im- ported was L26,679,872, against £21,787,180 last year. Dead meat of the value of £ 12,415,886 was received, against E10,662,330 last year. Of fresh beef we imported 1,227,104 cwt., against 1,114,057 cwt. last year, and of fresh mutton 1,418,970 cwt., against 1,255,084 cwt. The value of butter imported was E6,826,364, against £ 6,955,063; margarine, £ 1.014.967. against £ 1,066,796; and cheese, £ 1,241,924, against £ 1,357,147. The value of eggs im- ported was £1,517,470, against £1,736,791 last year. It is reported according to latest advices from Chicago that the effect of the war on the cattle trade is most injurious. It has made money tight, and brought about a decrease in the demand for best. cattle, while it has also raised the price of maize and all other feeds. The only meat products favourably affected by the war are pork and canned beef. For the five months ended May 31st the number of cattle exported was 1,056, against 1,306 last year, the value having been X27,966 against £ 31,564; of sheep 2,394 against 3,038 were exported, the value having been X31,189, against £ 39,075; 57 swine were exported, against 27, the value being JE269, against £ 219. Animals of other kinds' (not including horses) were shipped to the number of 19,400, against 15,212, the value having been L20,082 against £ 15,517. Adding the value of the horses exported ( £ 358,665), the total value of the live stock exported during the five months was X438,171, against £ 397,970 last year (of which latter sum £ 311,595 was for horses). DISEASES OF ANIMALS. The summary of returns under the Diseases of Animals Acts, compiled by the Board of Agriculture, shew that during the week ended June 4th there were 61 outbreaks of swine fever, involving the slaughter of 1,304 pigs as diseased or exposed to infection, as against 50 outbreaks and 822 pigs slaughtered in the corresponding week last year. For the past 23 weeks of 1898 the outbreaks have num- bered 1,226, and 23,478 pigs have been slaughtered, as compared with 1,347 outbreaks, and 23,070 pigs slaughtered during the corre- sponding period last year. There were 15 out- breaks of anthrax, attacking 15 animals, against 9 and 9 last year; and 12 outbreaks of glanders, attacking 22 animals, against 14 and 33 last year. A case of rabies in a dog was reported. PADEREWSKL'S PREFERENCE. The Aberdeen Free Press says:—Paderewski, the famous pianist, recently bought a large estate in Poland, and having occasionally visited Scotland, he conceived the idea of stocking a part of his extensive parks with a choice and representative selection of the cattle and sheep of the country. Mr. Adlington, London, of Messrs. Marr, Wood, and Co., sug- gested to the great pianist that he might include a number of Aberdeen-Angus cattle among his purchases. Paderewski was much interested in these animals, and was greatly amused at the idea of cattle without horns, and so he at once gave the order for their acquisition. Through Mr. John Duncan, Aber- deen, accordingly, the purchase was made of a fine polled bull from the herd of Colonel Wolrige Gordon, of Esslemont, and, three heifers were obtained at the dispersion sale of Mr. George Wilken, Waterside of Forbes. From the flock of Mr. Gordon, Bovaglie, were got a ram and several black-faced sheep, and a few West Highland cattle bad been previously obtained from Inverness. The Land Magazine for the current month is one of the best numbers of this popular periodical that have as yet appeared. The subjects discussed take a wide range, from Land Courts for England' to Heredity in Plants,' and National Wheat Stores.' The Earl of Beauchamp, of whom there is a pleasing and striking portrait, forms the subject under the head of Notable Land- owners' for this month; Lord Carrington's suggested legislation between landlords and tenants comes in for kindly criticism, and much interesting reading is to be found under the several headings of Topics of the Times,' and In Lighter Vein.'

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. An important meeting has been held at the Town Hall, Rhyl, for the purpose of taking steps to establish a local committee to support the project of carrying on a farm in connection with the agricultural department of the University College of North Wales. Mr. P. P. Pennant was voted to the chair. It was explained that it was the aim of the college to secure a farm at Lledwigan, in Anglesey, 358 acres in extent, to illustrate experimentally the theoretical teach- ing of the in-college agricultural department, where permanent scientific experiments could be carried on, and where a fixed dairy could be held. Four thousand pounds was required for the purposes of the farm, towards which the Worshipful Company of Drapers had made a grant of £1,000 on the condition that the college raised the remainder of the money before the end of the session. That was the reason why the college authorities were issuing an appeal for funds, believing that the farm would be of the greatest possible benefit to agriculture. Professor Lloyd produced a list of those who had already promised the movement financial support, the subscriptions, which amount to about z62,000, including the follow- ing :-Drapers' Company, £ 1,000; Sir Henry Tate, £ 250 hig, Grace the Duke of Westminster, Lord Penrhyn, Mr. Alfred L. Jones, of Liver- pool and Llandulas, Mr. Owen Owens, Liver- pool, and Mr. William Rathbone, each R100.

CENTRAL AND ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS OF AGRICULTURE. MR. YERBURGH AND THE FOOD SUPPLY. A meeting of the Council of the Central and Associated Chambers of Agriculture was held at the Society of Arts, London, on Tuesday, under the presidency of Lord Londonderry. CATTLE DISEASES COMMITTEE. Mr. Ackers (Gloucester) moved the adoption of the report of the Cattle Diseases Committee, which recalled the fact that the Royal Com- mission on Tuberculosis agreed with the com- mittee of the Central and Associated Chambers as to the impracticability of stamping out tuberculosis by means of slaughter. But the commissioners declined to grant compensation for animals seized, while the committee thought that compensation should be paid from Imperial funds where cattle were ordered to be slaughtered. The commissioners agreed that notification of every disease in the udder should be made compulsory under a penalty. They were of opinion that unless compensation was paid the proposals were not workable. In other points the Royal Commission appeared to be in accord with the committee of the chamber. Mr. Ackers complained strongly of the omission to place a representative of the English farmers upon the commission. Mr. Rowlandson (Darlington) seconded the motion. Mr. Channing, M.P., thought that the question of compensation might safely be left to Parliament, and that the chambers should agree to the report made by the commissioners. This he moved as an amendment to the adoption of the report. Professor Lloyd seconded the amendment. He urged that only those cows should be killed which would yield tuberculous milk, and that for these compensation should be made. After a discussion the report of the committee was adopted, only four voting for the amend- ment. FOOD ADULTERATION. Mr. T. Carrington Smith moved the adoption of the report of the committee on dairy pro- ducts. The report expressed regret at the delay which had taken place in introducing the Bill for preventing the adulteration of drugs and foods. Satisfaction was expressed with Mr. Chaplin's statement that he would make proposals to check adulteration in imported dairy produce at the ports of entry. Professor Long seconded the adoption of the report. The whole business was a miserable one. They had been fighting the air for the past four years, and it appeared to him that unless they pulled down the Hyde-park railings, or shot some margarine manufacturers, they would never get proper attention paid to the subject. (Laughter.) Mr. Strachey, M.P., moved a verbal altera- tion in the report, expressing disappointment generally with Mr. Chaplin's views. He thought that the Government should be made to under- stand that the agriculturists would not be trifled with any longer in this matter. Mr. Yerburgh, M,P., seconded the amend- ment, which Mr. T. Carrington Smith accepted, and the report was then adopted. NATIONAL WHEAT STORES. Mr. Yerburgh moved That the Gevernment be most strongly urged to obtain the appoint- ment at the earliest possible opportunity of a Royal Commission comprising representatives of agriculture, the corn trade, shipping, and the Army and Navy, to conduct an exhaustive inquiry into the whole subject of the national food supply in case of war." He said the com- mittee which had been sitting on 14 occasions examined 54 witnesses, and they had gone very exhaustively into the whole matter. They came to the conclusion that the question was one which should be taken up immediately. The evidence showed that at the end of Sep- tember the stock of wheat was not more than would suffice for 14 weeks' supply, and by the end of March the stock was reduced to a six weeks' supply, and that was about the quantity which they had to rely on for nearly six months. Mr. Kidner (Taunton) seconded, and the motion was agreed to. THE DESTRUCTION OF CROPS BY RAILWAY ENGINES. A discussion ensued upon the question of the destruction of crops by the flying sparks from railway engines. Mr. Lipscombe, of Yorkshire, brought the matter up, following upon the reading by the secretary of a letter from the West Riding Chamber. He pointed out that some years back the farmer, if his crops were injured by sparks from the railway engines, had a claim against the railway company. Now, however, although his entire crops might be destroyed, unless he could prove negligence on the part of the engine driver, he had no claim against the company. (Shame.) It was a gross injustice, and he thought the matter should take precedence at the business com- mittee meeting in November next. (Hear, hear.) The Chairman agreed with Mr. Lipscombe, and sympathised with farmers in the present disabilities under which they laboured with regard to the destruction of their crops. He had heard of cottages being burned down as well as crops, and claims for compensation against the companies being thrown out by reason of the peculiar wording of the Act. It was decided nem. con. to take the matter into consideration at the next meeting of the Business Committee.

The Editor is not responsible for the opinions of his correspondents. All letters must be authenticated by the sender's name and address, not necessarily for publication. Correspondents are particularly requested to write only on one side of the paper. ">J'J' 'J-f'

ALLEGED BAD BREAD AT THE CHESTER WORKHOUSE. Sir,—Referring to the discussion on the above matter at the meeting of the Guardians on Tuesday last, a report of which appeared in your last issue, we find that, as the con- tractor's name is not mentioned in such report, many people are under the impression that the flour in question was supplied by us. Such an impression being calculated to be of serious detriment to us, we beg to state that this is not the case, as we are not the holders of the Union contract for flour for the current half- year. For many years past this contract has been very frequently given to our firm, and this fact no doubt explains how the erroneous impression has got abroad.—Thanking you for inserting this, yours truly, THE EXORS. OF THE LATE JOHN WISEMAN. Cestrian and Albion Mills, Chester, June 10th, 1898. 0

TEETOTALLERS' DRINKS. Sir,—Every reader of your paper who is an abstainer from alcoholic liquors will agree that a great service to the temperance cause is rendered by our Excise authorities when they seek out and bring to justice those brewers of alcoholic liquors who are so unscrupulous in their dealings for the sake of gain that they will place on the market these so-called temperance drinks. A case has been referred to by your correspondent of the 1st inst. As a teetotaller I agree with and thank him for letting the light shine on it through your columns. But when 'Found Out' makes the action of those brewers the occasion for writing an abusive, slanderous, and untruthful state- ment, reflecting upon scores of your readers, who, for the sake of safety to themselves, and, on principle, for 'the sake of others,' abstain from the 'fiend alcohol,' it ought not to go by without a challenge. Whoever Found Out' may be-and I am not suprised he is ashamed to sign his own name-he is one of those straightforward lovers of a drop that is downright honest and good.' Your correspondent's statement that teeto- tallers do not denounce so-called temperance drinks containing alcohol is false. A person who writes with such manifestation of bigotry and hatred for the teetotal cause, is not likely to know the truth, as he will rarely if ever attend temperance meetings. Lie No. 2 is given when he says that the dirty, untidy, and neglected fountains in the streets are theirs (meaning teetotallers).' They are owned by the citizens, and governed by the City Council, who are by no means teetotallers. If your correspondent desires a change from dirt to cleanliness, I would advise him to memorialise the Health Department of the City Council. Like your correspondent, I have noticed that teetotallers do not use them, i.e. the fountains, only so far as the children are teetotallers. My observations are that three classes of persons use them :— 1st. The weary travel stained bona-fide traveller. 2nd. The boozer who doesn't happen to 'know the ropes' how to obtain a drink during prohibited hours, especially on Sunday morn- ing. 3rd. The person who tells you he has not 'twopence to bless his soul,' or the nearest publican would get it. It is not surprising that teetotallers do not require them they have not the unnatural thirst which the drinker of alcoholic liquors begets. Any publican in Chester will tell your correspondent that these temperance drinks have a great demand among his alcoholic customers, who desire them as a change, and therefore it is not' teetotallers only' who use them. Before Found Out' charges every teetotaller with being a hypocrite, and rushes into print to declare the same, he ought to prove that each teetotaller drinks his hop bitter with a know- ledge that it contains alcohol. There is so much that is false in your correspondent's letter that I almost question his last incident about the blue ribbon man. However, if I take it for granted as true, I will advise him to be careful in future what company he keeps, and avoid all his teetotal friends who proved false to him, and by that means help him to spend his money.—Yours truly, J. W. TRAVIS. Chester, June, 1898.

In the Chancery Division,on Friday, an applica- tion was made by the trustees of the estate of Sir Robert Peel to commit for breach of an order directing him to deliver to the trustees certain pictures, described as family heirlooms. Sir Robert Peel stated that the pictures had been hypothecated for an advance of money by a Paris dealer. ARTERIS LITTLE '1\ W UVER PILLS. JI Small small Pin. BEAUTIFUL TEETH «BIf.'AKItKSi Do*e £ or aU wh0 U3e d»ay 00 the tooth ^WjnTLE Small ^yl'VER S0Z0D0NT, Bfj Forty in a the ple&g&Dteit dentifrlca in th* r1—vial. world. Purely vegetabie. Cleanses the teeth and spaces „ between them as nothing else SaUoTcom^ion^'d Headaches promptly: and tosy lips, and fr&gr&nt core them so as to stay cared, breath ensured. ChemUts, la. l*d. Aak for SOZODONT. 2s. Mr MUNYON'S FREE COUPON. NOT A PENNY TO PAY FOR ADVICE BY MAIL. THOUSANDS HAVE BEEN CURED. Everybody Cordially Invited to accept this Great Free Offer. Munyon's Medical Institution is the best one of If you desire to accept the above free offer and its kind in the world. A staff of specialists is ens- receive Prof. Munyon's Question Blank free, fill in ployed to diagnose the cases not only of people the following coupon and send it Prof. Munyon, 121, applying personally for treatment, but of those in Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C. all parts of the country who send in personal letters, asking the best methods of being cured of This Question Blank will assist you greatly in various diseases. Thousands of these letters are describing your troubles, and will enable Munyon's- received every week, and the staff of specialists is specialists to prescribe the correct course of treats daily employed in dictating replies through the ment needed in your case, medium of private stenographers. These letters are received in the strictest confidence, and promptly answered with the best advice obtainable. Name No effort will be spared to see that each case is thoroughly diagnosed and that the proper remedies Address. to effect a cure are prescribed. For these services "— no fee is expected. Name of Paper

NOVEL PROPOSAL TO OBVIATE INCREASED RATES. 0 A LOCAL GOTHENBURG. DISCUSSION OF THE SCHEME. On Wednesday, at the meeting of the Wins- ford Urban Council, presided over by Mr. W. Stubbs, the letter came up for consideration.— Mr. Rigby took exception to a number of state- ments in the letter.—After some discussion Mr. IMagg ga.ve notice that at the next meeting he would move That the Council, having given due consideration to the temperance and financial reform scheme propounded by Coun- cillor Blagg in a letter addressed to the Chair- man on the 30th ult., and having in view the opportune moment when the findings of the Licensing Commission on the National Temper- ance Reform will shortly be placed before the public, we instruct our clerk to prepare a petition to present to the above Commission, the President of the Local Government Board, and the Prime Minister, embodying the scheme as outlined in the above letter, and urging its importance as an equitable and rational solu- tion of national temperance reform and a valuable financial aid in the conduct of local government."

FARMERS AND THE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS ACT. « ACTION FOR ILLEGAL DISTRESS. At Nantwich County Court, on Tuesday, Judge Yate Lee heard the application of Mr. Sheldon, solicitor, Congleton, for judgment upon the award of the registrar in a case in which the trustee of the bankrupt estate of Thomas Bourne, late of Wimboldesley Farm, was the plaintiff, and Sir Joseph Verdin, of the Brockhurst, Northwich, the defendant. Mr. Sheldon explained that at the last December court, when the case was first heard, it was successfully argued on behalf of the plaintiff that the distress levied for rent under the Agri- cultural Holdings Act by Bourne's landlord, Sir Joseph Verdin, was excessive and illegal, and an order was made for the payment to the bank- rupt estate by the defendant of J6154. At the same time it was agreed that questions with regard to the hay, straw, and turnips left unconsumed upon the farm, according to the terms of the agreement of tenancy, and as to damages claimed by the landlord for breaches of the agreement, should be referred to single arbitration. The parties could not agree upon the selection of an arbitrator, and the matter accordingly came before the registrar, whose award was in favour of the trustee to the amount of 9304 3s. 8d., and of the defendant to the amount of X70 2s. 6d.-Mr. Cooke, of Crewe, who represented Sir Joseph Verdin, suggested that an equitable settlement would be made if each party paid his own costs. After long legal argument, during which Mr. Sheldon supplimented his application with a claim for remuneration to be paid to the registrar, who was occupied for two days in hearing the case, his Honour held that the trustee had very substantially succeeded in the litigation, and that the landlord's claims had substantially failed. Costs must, therefore, fall upon the landlord, for the amount for which judgment was entered. He also allowed five guineas as remuneration to the registrar.

A KINGSLEY HOUSE-DEALING TRANSACTION. « At the Runcorn County Court on Thursday, before his Honour Judge Wynne Ffoulkes, Thomas R. Harvey, farmer, of Kingsley, sued Richard Watson, butcher, Five Crosses, Frod- sham, for the sum of £ 3 10s. for damages, for non-fulfilment of an agreement as to the sale of a horse.—Mr. Burton, who appeared for the plaintiff, stated that on Tuesday, the 3rd May, the plaintiff, who was in want of a horse to do spring work on his farm, was in the company of the defendant, and they went to see a colt at Kingsley, which the defendant purchased. On the way back the defendant offered to sell the plaintiff the horse that he was then driving. The plaintiff bought the animal for £ 7, and gave the defendant 10s. on account for purchase money. The plaintiff wished to have possession the same night, but the defendant said they wanted to use it on the following day, and that if he would send up to his house on Wednesday evening he could have it. When the plaintiff went for the horse the defendant refused to let him have it. On the following day the plaintiff saw the defendant at Frodsham, and the defendant then told him he could have the horse if he would allow him to keep it until the week end. He said he would send his boy up on Saturday night. This was not done, and the plaintiff had never been able to get possession of the horse.—The plaintiff corroborated, and stated that when he went on Wednesday evening the defendant's son told him that they would not sell the horse for three months. They would spend 9100 in law costs rather than do so. Witness had to purchase another horse to do his work.—Thomas Worrall said he resided near to Mr. Harvey's farm. On Tuesday, the 3rd May, he saw the plaintiff and the defendant and his son drive up in the shandry. The defendant's son was on the colt's back, and the plaintiff and defendant were in the shandry. They stopped opposite to witness's house, and the plaintiff got out and looked at the horse. The defendant's son asked him what about the old horse,' and the plaintiff offered to give them X6. The defendant said he would take X9 for it, and the plaintiff then bought the animal. Witness saw him reach something in the shandry, and he heard the son say, Give my father 10s., and he is yours." The plaintiff was then told to fetch the horse on the following evening.—Elizabeth Percival, servant to plaintiff, stated that on the 3rd May she saw Mr. Harvey in the the road, together with Mr. Watson. The former was looking at the horse, and she heard him say that he would give the defendant X7 for the horse. The defendant's son then said that he could have the horse.—Samuel Harvey, farmer, at Acton, said that he went with his brother to the defendant's on Friday, the 13th May. His brother saw the defendant, and offered him £ 6 10s. in gold, but the defendant ordered him off the premises, at the same time threatening to strike him with a hammer.— Cross-examined by the defendant, witness said that it was not true that he threatened to break into the stables and take the horse by force.For the defence Henry Gilbert Watson, son of the defendant, stated that on the way back they offered the horse for sale, and the plaintiff bought it for L9 10s., subject to a month.—His Honour said the question he had to decide was whether the bargain was that the horse should be delivered that night, the next night, or a month later. On the evidence of Worrall, the first witness, and the plaintiff, he did not doubt but that the bargain was that he should go for it the next night. When he went there was a further word given by the defendant that it was to be employed to the end of the week. He would give judgment for the plaintiff, with XI damages, inclusive of the 10s. paid.

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CHESHIRE MILK PRODUCERS' ASSOCIATION. The Cheshire Milk Producers' Association has been launched with every prospect of success. That an urgent need for such an association exists, and that it will be a valuable agency for the mutual protection and advantage of farmers are apparent from the unsatisfactory state of the milk trade from the producer's point of view, and the ever-increasing difference between the price paid by the consumer and that received by the producer. It is true there is already a Cheshire Dairy Farmers' Association in existence, and the objection may be raised that it would be quite within the province of that body to look after the interests of such of its members as are engaged in the milk trade, and that to create a new association is an unnecessary multiplication. The Cheshire Dairy Farmers' Association, however, seems to have mainly concerned itself with the cheese industry, and it is felt that a separate organi- sation, devoted solely to the interests of milk producers, will be a much more effective weapon in the campaign on which they are about to embark. The promoters are encouraged in this view by the success which has attended the establishment of kindred associa- tions in the southern and eastern counties. The Association is to consist of landlords, tenant farmers, and all interested in the production of milk, and the prominent part which the Earl of Crewe, Colonel Cotton- Jodrell, and Mr. Henry Tollemache have taken in its inauguration strengthens the belief that hearty co-operation will be forthcoming from the land-owners of the county generally. The two most important points to be considered are the price obtained by the producer for his milk and the advantages that will accrue from combination. At present the market price is practically controlled by the trade, for the farmers acting individually are virtually at the mercy of the dealer who stands with itching palm between them and the public. In the initial stages of the formation of the associa- tion a novel proposal was discussed for prevent- ing a glutting of the market in May and June. It is stated that in other parts of the country the practice has been to allow every milk producer a certain sum per gallon for all the milk converted into butter or cheese during the early months of spring where a sale has not been effected at a price fixed upon by the Association. But while this has been found practicable in counties like Derbyshire, it is evident that in Cheshire, where the output is so much larger, the subsidy required would be enormous, and the resources of any association, however wealthy, would be totally unable to stand the drain. The idea consequently fell through so far as this county is concerned, but the Association will still endeavour to regulate the supply to some extent by the erection of sterilising plant at various centres. Having disposed of the dealers, the promoters naturally turn their attention to the railway companies. They will seek to obtain equitable railway rates, improved accommodation at stations, properly constructed vans, prompt return of empties, and other advantages of transit/ Pro- fessor Long, the well-known authority on agriculture, discussing this phase of the ques- tion, says :—" In spite of the concessions made a couple of years ago by the railway companies, there are still abuses in existence; and, briefly, it should be the object of every association of dairy farmers to remedy tho&e abuses. Thousands of churns go astray in the course of a jear, and in cases known to myself they are never traced. The whole business upon the railway, troublesome though it may be, is con- ducted in a careless and slipshod maunAr f but, considering the coolu of the traffic, a cost which comes out of the pocket of the farmer, the latter is quite justified in continuing to agitate for further reforms." Another object of the association is to secure a standard analysis and measure for milk.' As most people are aware, the standard of analysis in Liverpool, Manchester, and London varies very considerably. While in this district milk is sold by the ordinary gallon, in Manchester it is sold by the dozen quarts, and in London by the barn' gallon, which means seventeen pints. These various standards of measure are obviously a matter of inconvenience, often of financial loss to the producer who is not a smart man of business. The association proposes also to safeguard its members against fraudulent dealers, such, for instance, as men who break off a contract as soon as the supply becomes plentiful, but who are not worth powder and shot in a court of law. The association will engage a solicitor, whose duty it will be to supervise the drafting of contracts, to institute inquiries as to the stability of traders, and defend or support members in legal pro- ceedings. If only a few of these objects are attained, the association will be an inestimable boon to the milk producers of the county. An excellent president has been elected in Lord Crewe, and the next step is the appointment of an organising secretary, upon whose fitness and capabilities the whole success of the asso- ciation depends. With efficient organisation, the production of milk in Cheshire should become a much more profitable industry than it has been hitherto.