The Chester Courant and Advertiser for North Wales

AN EXTRAORDINARY SEASON. It is many yeary since we were favoured with such weather during the month just ended. No serious break in the fine autumn has occurred although a change seemed imminent abotffc the middle of the month, but the old conditions soon reasserted themselves. As may be ex- pected at this period of the year, however, we have had some heavy fogs and cold nights, and it has seemed at times as though the sun would not struggle through the dull, heavy atmosphere, but a steady, though rather de- clining barometer has held out hopes which later on in the day have been amply verified. Farm labour of the most urgent kind has pro- gressed steadily under the favourable condi- tions out-door work is nearly completed in the early districts, while it is well forward in the Midlands and farther north. The greater part of the wheat area is sown, in a good many fields I the plant is shewing well in the rows; and altogether a capital start has been effected in the operations of the new cereal year. POTATOES. The deficiency in the potato crops will affect the demand for breadstufifs. In the British Isles we have not only grown half a million acres fewer than last year, but the yields are small and diseased. In the United States the crop is the worst one for years, and is not expected to be sufficient for home requirements. All this we knew before, but now we learn that the French crop is more than one million tons below the average. The yield is officially put at eleven million tons, against 131 million tons in 1896, and 12f million tons in 1895. BRITISH CEREAL CULTIVATION. The fine weather has presented a most favourable opportunity for arable cultivation, and owing to this circumstance, and the better prospect in regard to prices, the area of autumn wheat-sowing has been considerably enlarged. According to a table recently pub- lished shewing the areas of the three cereals, only twice during the past 20 years has the wheat area of Great Britain exceeded three million acres-viz., in 1878 and 1882. For the next ten years the area, though a declining one, kept above two million acres, while for the past five years it has been below that level. The extreme areas shewn are 3,218,417 acres in 1878, and 1,417,483 acres in 1895, the difference being as much as 1,800,934 acres. The widest difference between any two consecutive years was the loss of more than 500,000 acres in 1895 as compared with 1894, a result produced by the unfavourable autumn sowing time, and the very low prices then prevailing. Barley has been the least fluctuating in area of our cereal crops. During the past twenty years the area has been continuously between two and three million acres. Oats shew con- siderable and irregular fluctuations. For the firs t I eight years oats fell short of three million acres j then for two years they exceeded that limit. For [ the five years following 1887 there is again a f depression below the 3,000,000 acres' level, while j for the past five years this area is exceeded. If the areas of barley and oats be added together year by year the totals will be found not to vary greatly. CHEESE. The cheese markets still remain dull and unanimated for foreign and colonial goods. The report from London runs to the effect that the situation is causing talk and comment. The Canadians are getting tired of no business for Septembers' and flashing cables about, but buyers hold aloof at 44s. Someone will have a bad quarter of an hour." AGRICULTURAL OPINION IN THE NORTH. At the conference of Scottish Agriculturists, held in Edinburgh, resolutions were passed in favour of the compulsory marking of foreign meat; reforms in relation to the Agricultural Holdings Act, agricultural education and experiments, railway rates, the sale of adulterated dairy produce, and the control of tuberculosis; against the butchers' boycott, and in favour of a Scottish Consultative Agri- cultural Council. Mr. Elliott, secretary to the Board of Agriculture, who attended in the unavoidable absence of Mr. Walter Long, expressed sympathy with the desires of the con- ference, and alluded at some length to the butchers' boycott, which unfortunate move- ment,' he said, had been watched by the Board of Agriculture from the beginning. In his opinion the farmers had a right to require salesmen to whom they consigned beasts to accept the bid of any solvent person and, so far as the Board could give effect to that principle, they ought to do so. As to the bye- law of the Glasgow Corporation, prohibiting salesmen from discriminating between bona-fide purchasers, he added, the opinion of the local authority was concurred in by the Board and by the secretary for Scotland. NORFOLK FARMERS AND THE ROYAL AGRICUL- TURAL COMMISSION. The Norfolk Chamber of Agriculture, after a long discussion, has passed the following reso- lution in reference to the final report of the Royal Agricultural Commission :—"The Norfolk Chamber of Agriculture, having discussed the final report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture, expresses its satisfaction at finding that many recommendations made from time to time by this and many other Chambers of Agri- culture have been included among the recom- mendations of the Commissioners, but have much regret that the Commissioners are, in their own words, only able to suggest palliatives, and not anything in the nature of a complete remedy for agricultural depression. And this Chamber adheres to its frequently-expressed opinion in favour of the cost of education, and lunatics being made an Imperial charge, and is still, as ever, in favour of a Pure Beer Bill." The following was moved as an addendum, but lost:—" That this Chamber looks with regret at the absence from the report of any sugges- tion other than that of bimetallism, whereby the low prices, which are stated in the report to be the causes of the prevailing depression, might be removed." DISEASES OF ANIMALS. The statistics prepared by the Board of Agriculture under the Diseases of Animals Act shew that during the week ended October 23rd there were 80 fresh cases of pleuro- pneumonia, though two cattle were slaughtered in two counties as suspected, but on post- mortem examination were found to be free from the disease. There were only 14 outbreaks of swine fever, resulting in the slaughter of 208 pigs as diseased or exposed to infection. This, we believe, is the smallest number reported since the disease was seriously taken in hand by the authorities. In the corresponding week last year there were 51 outbreaks and 1,112 pigs slaughtered, and in 1895 there were 187 outbreaks and 2,197 pigs slaughtered. For the past 43 weeks of this year the number of out- breaks was 1,961, with 35,892 pigs slaughtered, against 4,622 outbreaks and 68,934 pigs slaughtered in the corresponding period last year. Of anthrax six outbreaks occurred, attacking 18 animals, against four and seven last year of glanders there were 26 outbreaks and 41 animals attacked, against 14 and 24; and of rabies one case was reported, against four last year.

DEATH OF MR. EDWARD THOMAS. Mr. Edward Thomas, a well known cattle dealer, of Denbigh, died on Wednesday. Mr. Thomas was well known in this city, having been at one time a prominent member of the Chester Farmers' Club. Some twelve months ago he bought a large portion of the estate of the Hon. Claude Hamilton Vivian, at Hoole. The news of his death came unexpectedly to his Chester friends. MACCLESFIELD AND THE CHESHIRE AGRICUL- TURAL SHow.-On Tuesday a meeting was held at Macclesfield of the principal inhabitants and tradesmen for the purpose of considering the advisability of inviting the Cheshire Agricultural Society to hold their show in 1898 in Macclesfield. The Mayor (Mr. P. J. Eaton, J. P.) presided, and among those present was a deputation from the Cheshire Agricul- tural Society. The members of the deputation expressed their regret at the treatment which the town received some years ago, and trusted that if the show was held at Macclesfield it I would be a great success.—Eventually Mr. R. Brown proposed, and Mr. Carr seconded, That this meeting forms itself into a committee, with power to add to its number, for the express purpose of giving an invitation to the Cheshire Agricultural Society to hold their show at Macclesfield in 1898.This was carried.

EXTRAORDINARY COUGH CUBE. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-For Coughs. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-For Colds Powell's Balsam of Aiaiseed-Coughs.-Astbma. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-Coughs.- Bronchitis. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-Coughs.-I,ung Troubles. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs.—Night Coughs. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs.— Ii fluenza. Powell's Balsam of Anise-d-Coughs.-RelievesInstantly Powell's Balsam of Aniseed—Coughs.—Safe and Reliable. Powell's Ba!sam of Aniseed -Cough-i.-Estab. 70 Years. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-Coughs.-Pernso Imitations Powell's Balsam of Aiaiseed-Cougb s. -Sold by Chemists. Powell's Balsam of Aniseed-Bottles, Jili. 2/3 & upwards. Bee Trade Mark-Lion. Net, and Mouse, on Wrapper.

Eiterarg Notices. NOVEMBER MAGAZINES. [FIRST NOTICE.] In the Windsor there is an interesting article on The silent forces of America,' in which the first institution established for the blind is dealt with. There is also a readable chat on modern photography with Madame Garet- Charles, who says :— As a rule a woman prefers to be photographed by woman. You see a strong morning light is horribly realistio it shews up one's little deficiencies so, or it accentuates the beginnings of a wrinkle here and a crowstoot there. Now every woman, be she of the new or the old variety, likes to feel that she is being seen to the best advantage—in the presence of man. Therefore when she is posed by a critical male, who notes all her little weaknesses of com- plexion or feature, she feels ill at ease, she loses whatever of naturalness she has, and as a con- sequence the resulting picture (save the mark !) is more suited to a chamber of horrors than to a Regent-street show case. And more, what does the average photographer know of his sitter rAnd knowing little or nothing of his subject, how can he make a faithful picture? I never take anyone at the first interview. I like to have my sitters all to myself for a quiet half-hour-over afternoon tea for prefereoce-so that I can pick out their best features, their best side, their most natural pose. Then when they are gone I turn over in my mind the collection of facts I have gathered, and I fix definitely what I am to do when they return to face the deadly lens. Heaps of times ladies have said to me when they wera going away after having sat, How quickly you work It must be delightfully easy work! They know nothing of the mental labour that went to make the actual sitting easy and swift. The chief features of The Cornhill are perhaps some reminiscences of Tennyson in Ireland, and articles on Gold Fields' Law in Australia, by Rolf Boldrewood, and on the great storm of 1703. The following extract from Pages from a Private Diary' on literary men and clerical matters, is of interest:— On our walk the vicar described to me Mr. Caine's new story, which he had felt bound to read in the interest of his profession. He proposes to us," said he, a homicidal maniac, and worse, for a typical Christian, and shows his intimate know- ledge of Church affairs by blundering over so simple a matter as the Marriage Service." He went on to suggest getting some rich member of the House of Laymen to endow a lectureship to literary men and women on the clerical office and character. Just look," he said, at the parson of fiction; he is a priest pour rire. Whether he is dressed up aa a Cowley father, or sits in his rectory garden cracking up his creed into nuts and shells mere,' did you ever meet anything like him in real life ? Look at Mr. Hope's Father Stafford'! Look at the young gentleman in Stevenson, who, though he had been in orders several years, had not yet obtained his first curacy." I thought the idea of the lectureship a good one, especially if an occasional lecture were given to poets and pressmen on clerical vestments and ritual. Poets think a stole a sufficient covering for anybody in all sorts of weather. Milton even sends out Morning in nothing but an amice, which is the priest's neckcloth to keep his macassar from soil.ng .the chasuble it survives also (if it does survive) in what are called bands.' St. Nicholas cannot fail to amuse and instruct all children. Lovers of the sensational will read with more than ordinary interest the first instalment of The Buccaneers or our coast,' which makes its appearance this month. Some interesting speculations are suggested by an article in the current issue of Blackwood's Magazine on 'Disobedience in Action: shewing the evil and the good that may occasionally arise through a subordinate officer's disobedience of his chief's eommand. The present Commander- in-Chief is cited as affording an example of disobedience at the second relief of Lucknow :— The old messhouse of the 32nd, strongly held by the rebels, stood in the way of Sir Colin Campbell's advance, and beyond it was the Moti Mahal. These two strong positions carried, a junction with the beleaguered garrison could be effected. Sir Colin, having made arrangements to secure his communi- cations, directed the gallant Peel to open fire with his heavy guns on the messhouse. The are con- tinued from the early morning till three o'clock in the afternoon. At that hour the musketry fire of the enemy having been almost completely silenced, it appeared to Sir Colin that the mess- house might be stormed without much risk.' He ordered for this duty a company of the 96th, under Captain Wolseley, with some other details. The actual leader of the storming-party was Captain W olseley.. N ever was a daring feat of arms better performed.' Through the hot fire Wolseley led his men, clambered through the breach made by Peel's guns, and entered the house, driving the enemy before him. His orders had been only to take the messhouse, but the victorious stormers followed the fleeing enemy, and Wolseley, far from checking them, determined to push his advantage to the utmost.' He pressed on to the Moti Mahal, and, with the assistance of the sappers, succeeded after a time in making narrow openings in the solid wall. Through these Wolseley and his men eagerly marched, and attacked the network of buildings within. The resistance they encountered was, however, stout, and even desperate, every room being contested. At length the enemy were expelled, and the Moti Mahal, the last building held by the rebels, on the line communicating with Outram and Havelock, came completely into British possession.' The best known biographer of the present Commander-in-Chief, and indeed the vast majority of persons who know the story, think that it was an astonishing thing that Sir Colin was furious with him for having exceeded the letter of instructions in that, when he was only ordered to take the mess-house, he actually of his own motion had driven the enemy out of the Moti Mahal! The Brigadier (Adrian Hope) advised him to keep out of the way, as the Chief was asking for him, and he never saw a man more enraged in his life.' We know that the grand, old soldier subsequently, after having administered a severe wigging, condoned the offence, congratu- lated the offender on his courage and ability, and promised to recommend him for promotion. But is the example given by Captain Wolseleyone to be received as approaching a rule of conduct for the armyp Has the present Commander-in-Chief perfect confidence in its propriety ? A writer in Cassell's Family Magazine for November, treats in a chatty way on the subject of Duffing.' It was in Birmingham that I was first introduced to the word which is the expression technically used among collectors of antiquities and dealers in articles of vertu to classify imita- tions, counterfeits, and forgeries of antiques, curios, etc. Such imitations, counterfeits, and forgeries are termed duffers.' And the world would seem to be pretty full of them. • Duffing has almost become an organised branch of business, and, in not a few instances, may well be said to have reached the dignity of an art. Such primitive professors of this gentle art as the worthy known as Flint Jack,' who boasted that he used to make and sell fifty flint arrow-heads or spear-heads daily to the credulous British public, who accepted them as genuine remains of their forefathers, have given place to highly-trained and superbly-educated artificers in gold, silver, brass, and iron. whose productions deserve rather the honourable title of inventions than of mere imitations of originals. The field in which they do their work is indeed a wide one, embracing as it does vases and other vessels, gems, cameos, intaglios, bronzes, orna- ments, seals, rings, weapons, armour, and even missals and manuscripts. Mr. beerbohm Tree is certainly a master of make-up. An interview with him in the November number of Pearson's Magazine will therefore be read with special interest. Mr. Tree is discovered in his dressing-room :— Having half dressed in the character he is about to take, Mr. Tree seats himself in front of hid dressing-table, rearranges his paints and powders, turns on this or turns out that light, pushes back his chair, leans slightly forward, and eventually settles down to work with an air of absorbed interest. When the groundwork has been evenly spread over the face—with Falstaff it is of a ruddy tint—Mr. Tree commences to dash in lines here and there with the freedom and effect of a master. there is no hesitation, no half-finished wrinkle, no wavering over colours; the whole thing is done in a quiet, methodical manner. The heavy furrows of bluff old age straggle across the forehead the jovial touch travels from nose to lip and from lip to nose; crowsfeet are lightly sprinkled round eyes that become fierce or merry at will—a touch here, a dash there, and lo! the swash-buckler commences to appear upon the aforetime mild face of the artist. Daubs of white composition are placed upon each single eyelaah, and upon the eye- brows. In the Century this month Miss Bicknell continues her tragic story of the last days of the unfortunate Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette. Andrees adventurous flight into the unknown Polar regions last July is graphically described by Mr. Jonas Stadling, who accompanied the brave explorer as far as Danes' Island, and took a number of interest- ing photographs of the immense baloon as it sailed northwards. The story of the heroic defence of the tort of Chitral for seven weeks by the Britisu Garrison is effectively told by Cnarles Lowe, while Miss Stevenson commences some interesting reminiscences of Mexico during the French intervention. The most important feature of the number, however, is the Sultan's message to the American people through the mouth of the Hon. A. W. Terrell, late United States Minister at Constantinople. this gentleman h as on various occasions Jined with the Unspeakable Turk, and found him a most charming and amiable personality. So rar from being the terrible despot winch his detractors lead us to suppose, be is a benen- cent and conscientious ruler, and if there is one class of his people for whom he has a special weakness in his composition, it is the Armenians, many of whom occupy lucrative positious in his Government. "The habitual expression of his face is one of extreme sadness." He has asked Mr. Terrell to clear his character from the foul slanders heaped upon it, and that gentleman does so with hearty goodwill. The following incident shews the largeness of the Sultan's heart and the paternal interest he takes in the welfare even of the seditious Armenians. The speaker is Abdul Hamid himself You should remember an Armenian bookbinder who bound for you two beautiful albums. After the disturbances of August last, that man became frightened, and fled to America. He wrote back saying that, being unable to speak the English language, he could find no work, and wished to return. I directed that he should be permitted to return in safety. He then wrote, saying that he had no money. Now, Christian people will scarcely believe it when I say that, being convinced that he was a good man, I directed that one thousand francs be sent to enable him to return home. Mr. Pemberton, one of the adventurous crew who recently essayed to cross the English Channel in a row beat, and were capsized, con- tributes to this month's Badminton a vigorous vindication of the foolhardy enterprise. Mr. Pemberton admits that one of his companions was a non-swimmer, and that he himself was soon so overcome with sickness that he had to give up his oar, and go on board a tug. As to the inutility of the venture, he says they did not want to prove anything, and were simply amusing themselves in the manner most agree- able to them. In reply to the charge of recklessness, he contends that every reasonable precaution was taken, but they were unfor- tunate:— No doubt we started in weather which deceived us. It was a mistake, and we have admitted it; and the accidents which occurred are attributable to that mistake. But does the mistake involve recklessness ? And does the fact that one of the crew could not swim shew it ? A proposition that any sport in which the lives of human beings can be endangered, however remotely, must on that account be illegitimate, will hardly be made seriously. It is most desirable, of course, that men who use boats should be able to swim, but it does not follow that every man who cannot swim and uses boats in justly to be recalled reckless still less that his companions should be so termed if an accident happens to him. The ourrent number of The Humanitarian contains articles on Is Mars Inhabited,' The practical use of folk lore,' Tennyson as a Humanitarian,' &c. The observations upon the planet Mars are from the pen of Camille Flammarion. NEW BOOKS. 'THE SON OF THE CZAR.' In The Son of the Czar' (London and New York: Harper and Brothers, 45, Albemarle- street, W., 6s.) our fellow-citizen Mr. James M. Graham, has made a decided hit. As the title indicates, it is an historical romance, the tragic life-story of Alexis, son of Peter the Great. The theme is one that lends itself readily to dramatic treatment, and while the author has adhered in the main to authenticated records, he is entitled to a perfectly free hand as the writer of a romance, not of a history. He is evidently of the opinion that historians are not the only people who may indulge in romance. Although The Son of the Czar' is not intended for use as a class-book in history, it will not have been written in vain if it tempts its readers into a deeper study of the stirring period of European history in which Peter played a leading part. If the average Englishman were asked what he thought of the redoubtable Peter, he would perhaps represent him as a monster of cruelty and sensuality. Our genial author, however, takes a kindlier view of the great Czar's character. We are permitted to see him in the rols of the anxious father, bent upon the hopeless task of bringing up his son as a worthy successor to the heritage which the Czar has spent his life in building up. Rough and ready he undoubtedly was in his swift and stern punishments for political offences; but, taking into consideration the spirit of the tunes, the unsettled state of the Muscovite empire, and the daring activity of the conspirators against the Czar, one may excuse many of the drastic remedies employed. Granting the charges of cruelty tolerably well established, we are inclined to accept our author's estimate of his private life. If he had been the consistent sot that he is depicted, where could he have found the time and energy to create the empire which was his life's work ? Whatever Peter may have been in his public capacity, we find him in Mr. Graham's charming story an almost indulgent father, whose burning desire it was to fan the flame of patriotism and empire in the heart of his degenerate son and heir. The character of Alexis forms an en- gaging study. It is the old story'of a strong- minded masterful father and a weakly dis- creditable son. It is a sheer impossibility to feel the slightest sympathy with the puny, impotent, self-indulgent Czarewitch, • an inde- fatigable sluggard,' and a comical mixture of chronic inebriety and devotion to the minis- strations of the priests of the 'orthodox church.' His terror of his father's presence becomes positively amusing, while the English reader will probably find it hard to reconcile his superstitious reverence for the services of the 'long-beards' of Moscow, with his nightly scenes of extreme intoxication. A touching picture is drawn of the Czarewitch's court- ship of the gentle Charlotte, their marriage, and the sad life of domestic infelicity that resulted, till the poor young Czarevna dies of a broken heart as a conse- quence of her selfish consort's neglect, vice, and cruelty. The glimpses into the home-life of the unhappy Czarevna are eloquently suggestive, while the reader's sympathies towards her are still further excited by the chivalrous protec- tion extended to the hapless lady by the Czar himself, and his righteous wrath at his son's infidelity. The interest in the story deepens with the flight of Alexis and his low-bred mistress from Russia, his concealment from his irate parent, and ultimate recapture and punishment. The vengeance the Caar wreaks on the heads of the plotters against his empire is swift and terrible, while one cannot deny the poetic justice of making Alexis fall under the murderous hands of conspirators after his father has spared his life. There are many other fine character studies in the book; the story from start to finish is instinct with deep human interest; scenes of intense dramatic power occur frequently, and receive artistic treatment at the author's hands. Mr. Graham has evidently the true story-teller's gift developed in a wonderful degree, the art of fascinating the reader for the sake of the tale itself, and not with the object of inculcating some pet fad of the author. Amid manifest temptations to exaggeration in every direction, Mr. Graham has been successful in avoiding them, presenting stirring scenes in thrilling, nervous language without undue straining after sensationalism. The only point which strikes us as rather unnatural-and it is a mere detail im- material to the plot-is the incident of the carrier pigeons at St. Elmo. Pigeons are here represented as delivering a message from St. Elmo to a vessel in the bay and returning with the answer. Now, homing pigeons are generally used only to carry a message to their own homes, but it is, of course, just within the bounds of possibility to train birds to deliver a letter at a certain point and return with the answer, although we have never heard of an authenticated case in point. We have no hesitation in predicting for 'The Son of the Czar' a most successful run, and Chester is to be congratulated on possessing an author of Mr. Graham's calibre. The Queen's Empire, published by Cassell and Company, continues to be a decidedly interest- ing publication. Part .7 contains excellent views relating to work and workers in the Empire.

-=Z=== DEATH OF HENRY GEORGE.—Mr. Henry George, the well-known writer on economic questions, and the Socialist candidate for t e Mayoralty of New York, died early on Friday morning, from apoplexy. Mr. George's death is looked upon as increasing the chances of success of the Tammany candidate at the forthcoming election. CARTER'S LITTLE 1-, ,Lin- u LIVER PILLS, jT 1_8 # f*E*UT,FUL TEETH JWCMfSS Ool( for all Who bm daily on tb« tooth yjHrtfITTLE Small ropau SOZODONT, rv S 1/7 Forty ™ Pl*aiant«it tUnUfric* la tk« •mjf1 ti»1. world. Purely vegetable. Cleanses the teeth and øpaou »r„ T. between them aa nothing else Sallow Complexion, Mi'd Siok 2™ Sound and pearly white Headache* promptly: an* {eetn, rosy lipa, and fragrant onre them so ai to stay ourad. breath ensured. Cbemista, la. 1*4. J Ask tot S020D0NS. fls. Id.

STICK THROUGH A CYCLIST'S WHEEL.. + SERIOUS ASSAULT. On Tuesday, at Broxton Petty Sessions, befidrer Mr. J. H. Leche and other magistrates, Samuel Francis was summoned for assaulting W. H. Lea, 400, High-street, Winsford, on September 19th, at Aldersey.-Mr. J. Parkinson, Winsford, who appeared for complainant, said that on the Sunday stated, Lea was riding with his brother through Aldersey. They were on bicycles, and when passing defendant, who was with several other men, he, without any warning, thrust his stick through Lea's wheel. Lea was upset and bruised seriously, his finger being sprained, and his machine broken.—Complainant, in giving evidence, stated that he was travelling at the rate of abont seven miles an hour. He was thrown right over the handle bar on to his shoulder. He sprained his finger, and his machine was wrecked.—J. W. Lea and Alfred Griffith gave corroborative evidence, the former stating that he took the hub of the injured wheel back in his pocket.—Defendant stated that he was startled by complainant coming up from behind, and he flung his stick out as he was trying to get out of the way.—John Wright gave evidence for the defence, and Francis was fined 20s., and costs.—It was stated that action would be taken against him in the County Court.

DEATH OF LORD RosMEAD.-Lord Rosmead, late High Commissioner at the Cape, who had been in failing health for some time, died at his London residence on Thursday night. He seemed a little better on Thursday, but about 20 minutes to nine in the evening he expired suddenly, and altogether unexpectedly. The death of his lordship is attributed to general breakdown and failure of the heart. He is suc- ceeded by the Hon. Hercules Robinson, his eldest son.

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