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-— LITERARY EXTRACTS.
— LITERARY EXTRACTS. A DCTCH SERVICE IN THE ORANGE FREE STATE.— It is a wry touching spectale, the sight of the Nacht- mahl (night meal), held every three months among the Dutch Boers of South Africa. Bloemfontein, though the capital of Orange Free State, is closely allied to the Transvaal, its neighbour, by ties of con- sanguinity, of sympathy, and of soil. The city hat an English Episcopal church, and has its bishopric and cathedral. But the pulse of the people beats chiefly toward the spire of the large Dutch church in the ceutre of the town. It stands in the middle of an optn square or park. While the soft moonlight of an African night is falling across the garden and stream., of little Bloemfontein; while the "White House"—the residence of the President of the Orange Free State-i. lit up, a curious scene is going on. From the old red-brick farmhouses far across the plains and hills the farmers and their families have been on the trek since before dawn, travelling towards the Nachtmahl. To trek, in South African par- lance, is to travel in bullock waggons. The "family"that emerges from the bullock waggon is quaint to look upon The Dutch vrowws wear their Sunday clothes, in the shape of a "rappie"(sun-bonnet) and a finlico gown. The farmer who comes to town for the Nachtmahl wears a yellow jacket, a flannel shirt,brown vest and trousers, and schoen (low shoes). His broad slouch hat is lined with green. His face is stolid, but shrewd. His whole body expresses splendid physical endurance. Fires have been kindled all around the church's spire. Groups of these quaint Dutch Boers, men and women, are sitting around the flame, talk- ing of sacred things m the roughest dialect in the world. The solemnity of the Nachtmahl is already on their faces. In the black shadows the oxen are sleeping, and the little children, too, sleeping beside them. It is very still. The Nachtmahlon the mor- row. in the old Dutch church, is a very solemn sight. As the bread and wine are passed around the tears of unfettered devotion stay upon the rough cheek of the Dutch farmer. The good vruuw is weeping quietly. The children are awed in ths sacred silence as they gaze rspon it all. The hymn— 0 Sacred Head surrounded With crown of piercing thorns, started by the leader, is taken up in a great wave of devotion that swells through the church. What vows and tears are in its cadences It unites those shores washed by the Indian Ocean with the home-lands. There is no here, nu there, for those who say together "Our Father"!—Sunday Chimes. THOMAS HORNBLOWER GILL.—From Sunday Chimes we take the following interesting details of a veteran hymn-writer: Thomas Hornblower Gill, the author of We come unto our fathers' God," Lift thy song among the nations," and many other hymns equally well known, is ono of the grand old men among living hymn writers. Born in Birmingham in 1819, he can trace his descent from one John Spicer, a Marian martyr, and on his mother's side from Richarq Ser- geant, the friend of Richard Baxter, and one oft he ministers ejected in 1662. All his life and all his verse have been inspired by his Puritan blood. A determined Liberal, from the time when he was asso- ciated with Dr. Dale in Birmingham down to the present days of rest and seclusion at Grove-park, Mr. Gill has been a fighter. In his hymns there ie always the echo of battle. Mr. Gill's hymns first appeared in Mr. George Dawt>on's collection of 1853, but their general use dates from the publicatioA of Dr. Barrett's Congregational Church HymnaL" The hymns of Watts have been a source of constant inspiration to Mr. Gill, and it is as W&tts's suc- cessor that his name is so widely honoured. In the verses of both writers the same sturdy uncompro- mising Puritanism Snds voice. ■ "The society of paints and martyrs has been," Mr. Gill once said, as it were, the environment in which my hymns were written, ior I am never weary of the.atory el the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The straggles and Victories of these dayfcanptome dear, familiar tales." THE DEATH OF SIR EDWARD HOWARD.—The strug- gle in Gonquet Bay is little known to Englishmen, yefiit ended in one of the grimmest tragedies recorded in our naval annals. It was fought out on a Sunday at the end of April. The sun was already low in the > west on that peaceful afternoon, so many years ago, when into he narrow Passage du Four came rowing two English galleys, manned by eighty then a-piece. A: little flotilla of row-boats followed astern. In the first galley sat Sir Edward Howard, burning to re- < »enge his loss of three days previously. With him irent a certain Spaniard, Charran by name, who seems to have been Howard's evil genius. It was he that had prompted the admiral to this reckless venture, in opposition to the sager counsels of the English captains. The second galley was commanded by Lord Ferrers, a noble of proved courage. They can hardly have expected to surprise the French in broad daylight; if, indeed, such had been their idea, they were -soon to discover that they had failed. On a I sucùNn, from battery and stranded ships there fell upon them a fire of terrible intensity. Cross- bow, quarrel and shot of cannon" came together as thick as hailstones." Yet never for a moment did the English sailors falter. The admiral's galley was driven by their dashing oars against Pregent's own vessel, which the rising tide had floated. Howard -himself, with the valiant Charran and 15 of his crew, clambered on board. But before the rest could follow, the cable of the grappling iron that held their boat to the galley .was either cut or parted of itself, and the rush of the tide swung the pair apart. Thus •the little English band was left alone on the French forecastle amidst a swarm of foes. Springing on to the bulwarks, Howard shouted to his men, if they loved him, to come aboard again but crippled as they were by the heavy fire that atm beat fiercely upor. their crowded benches, that could not answer ;00 that last despairing cry of their gallant admiral. "And when my Lord saw they could not," says an eye-witness of the fight, he took his whistle from about his neok, wrapped it together, and threw it into the sea." The whIstle was the same that he had won as a boy in his fintgreat sea-light; the chain to which it was attached was that of the Lord High .Admiral of England. Such trophies he wonld not leave to-swell the triumph of his enemies. One by one the Englishmen were struck down, fighting the while in astern despair, neither asking nor expecting mercy. Even in the turmoil of that grim massacre, Pregent and his men remembered in after days how they marvelled at. the: valour of a tall swordsman in Tich armour who had had a gold chain about his .neck when first he sprang down amongst them from over their bulwarks. His high rank they did not know, and Howard, furious at his failure, preferred to die rather than reveal his name and beg for quarter. His matchless swordsmanship saved him tor a time, but at last the long pikes bore him back against the bulwarks, and, pierced with a dozen wounds, be fell never to rise again. So died Sir Ed- ward Howard, Lord High Admiral of England. There vras never nobleman so ill lost as he Was," writes Sir Edward Eohyngbam, that was of so great courage and had so many virtues and that ruled se great an army so well as he did, and kept so good order and true justico." It was not only in his own country that his valortr was appreciated for we find the King of Scots writing to his dear brother of Eng- land, we think more loss is to you of the late admiral who deceased to his great honour, than the advantage thete might have been in winning all the galleys." Rest well, brave Rrlnmalt With the wave for winding sheet and the gulls screaming a requiem o'er you, you lie in the same family vault that holds so many of the noblest and best and bravest of our English sailors.—Sea Kings and- Sett Fights. "PlUD SOLDIERS DIE IN BATTLE is the title of an interesting article in Casscll's Saturday Journal. Says the writer: It is only when, as now, the air is full or war that the general public gives a thought to those who fall with their face to the foe. Our military authorities, partly from necessity, partly from choice, arc more considerate. They make eWbc-ate provisions in case a soldier dies on ftctivto rvice, and take care, as far as in them lies, that he is honoured in death. Every Tommy is pro- vided with a pocket ledger, in which he is required to keep his accounts, and enter many personal details, among otners 1 religion and the names and ftddassses of all the members of his immediate family. If Jto in the service, whether during war or ia peace, it is usually easy, therefore, to communicate with his next-of-kin. To them the War Office sends 014 account book, the amount realised by -the tale of his kit, his deferred pay, etc. Should it happen that the man died on active service, they also receive the medal which he would have been personally awarded had he lived. This is the general lYøtem followed in the case of soldiers who die on the battlefield; but for various reasons there are many exceptions to Numbers of brave fellows are buried practicaHy unknown. Reference to their pocket-books shows that, according to the.tatement8 they made, all their relations were dead when they enlisted. As a consequence, the value of their effects, as well as their deferred pay, &c., will fall into the capacious maw of the Treasury. No less praise- worthy than the next-of-kin arrangements in respect of soldiers are those for commemorating such of Britain's sons as give up their lives in fighting her foes. Memorials to her heroes exist in all parts of the world. The spot where Colley fell at Majuba, for instance, is marked by stones, while near are carefully tended graves of brave officers and soldiers who perished in that disaster. So. it is whereever English Mood has been shed. And these resting places of the gallant dead are not forgotten. If you look Zinte John Bull's ledger—a book officially known as the Civil Service Estimates—you will find that a big sum is voted MIoVuaUy for the purpose of keeping in'order the prMMw st those who fswjkfc and died on foreign foil SOME STORIES OF THE RAnK AND FJLB.—An armj chaplain, in the course of his dealings with the mixed members of the regiments under his care, is made the recipient of a number of interesting and amusing stories. The Rev. E. J. Hardy, Chaplain tc the Forces, includes a number of such in an article in the Quiver, on Some Real Talks with Soldiers.* A commanding officer who has studied human nature, he states, will occasionally make a brilliant hit when he gives a man what is called a "chance." The following illustrative case was told to me by the colonel who tried the experiment. One day, when out for a walk, he met a man of his regiment who was only too well known to him on account of this frequent appearances in the orderly room. My friend stopped him, and said—"You're a fine man, six feet three in height, and yet don't you think that you are making a precious ass of yourself with 36 'drunks' in your defaulter sheet? Suppose, now, that I were to put a lance-corporal's stripe on your arm to-morrow; how would it be ?" The man was so sur- prised and delighted that he took the total abstinence pledge, and never drank any more intoxicating liquor. Four years afterwards he married, and the colonel attended the marriage feast. The bridegroom commanding officer aside and said to him. as he pointed to the different kinds of liquor that were on the table—" You see all that, air. Well, I have not tasted a drop, even to-day, and won't, for if I did I must get drunk." After this, the general commanding the-station asked for a sergeant to be re- commended fora:postof confidence. My friend sent in the name of the man whom he had saved, and who had become a sergeant. An indignant letter was re- turned by the general, asking what could be meant by recommending a man who had 36 entries for drunkenness in his defaulter's sheet. The colonel went and told him the story; and the general said— "I never heasd anything so remarkable in my life/ Talking of drinking, a soldier once said to me— II People may pretend what they like, but it is in my opinion that everyone drinks as much as he can get." "Well," I answered, "what abouttheDuke of West- minster? He has an income of a thousand pounds a day, and yet he is a teetotaller." The man thought for some time, and then replied with considerable feeling-" Then, sir, he must be mad." The number of soldiers who could truthfully be called religious may not be a large one, but they compare not unfavourably with civilians of the same class. Being young and healthy, they are not disposed to think of the problems of life; and they have peculiar temptations, arising from the fact that they are taken away early from home influences, are nearly all unmarried, have a considerable amount of pocket- money, and a good deal of idle time on their ihands. When. however, soldiers do give their hearts to the great Captain Jesus Christ, they are amongst the strongest, and most consistent of His followers. They are braced up by the many temptations to yhich they are exposed, and they must be in earnest, for humbug and hypocritical profession could not conceal them- selves from the somewhat fierce criticism of a barrack room. And I think that I never spoke to one of these religiolis soldiers without his attributing his first inclination towards the right way to good home influences. Even when they had fallen below their Own wishes, they think back regretfully upon the opportunities they have lost. I remember one poor fellow, to whom I talked in the punishment, cells at Devonport, saying to me when I suggested the advisability of his turning over a new leaf-" Yes, sir I know that I ought to be good, for my mother is cook to General Booth THE CIIKISHA.V FLAO—One of the newest religious movements in the United States is that which has r cently organised the Christian Flag Extension Society. Mr. Charles C. Overton, a Sunday school superintendant of Coney Island, is at the head of it. Mr. Overton's idea is that Christians all the world over. irrespective of nationality or denomination, should have one flag, under which they could, if occasion arose, march in a body. The idee occurred to him one "Children's Day." when the children's special service WIH held in Brighton Chapel, Coney Island. At that time, each child Was furnished with ttflmal1 American (las, to be waved as they maiched, singing a national hymn. A few days later Mr. Overton noticed in a parade of liquor dealers, each publican also.carried a small American flag exactly like those he had given lilts Sunday-school scholars. In deciding to originate a Christian flag, Mr. Over- ton declared that he did not mean to be unpatriotic, but he felt that the Stars and Stripes" was too far reaching. "Nothing awakens such enthusiasm as a flag," said Mr. Orton. "One cannot con- ceive of an army without its coloun, Aid there is certainly no reason why the army of the Lord should go ban-nerloss." The colours of the Christian flag are the same as those of theOags of England and the United States—red, white, and blue. Theiflag ie white, with a corner space of blue, and a red cross in the centre of the blue. Miss Fanny J. Crosby, the veteran American hymn writer, has dedicated a hymn, called "The Christian Flag," to the movement, the tlrst verse of which ia •"The Christian Flag! God bless it! Now throw it to the breeze, And may it wave triumphant O'er land and distant seas, TilIall the creation Upon its fold shall gaze, And all the world united, Our loving Savour praise." Copies of this hymn have been sent t. many bad- masters all over the world, requesting them te. arrange the mu.s e as a march, and a number of favourable replies have been received. The captains of several excursion steamers in the Bay of New York, and in other American waters, have ordered the Christian flag, with the promise of floating it over their vessels when carrying Sunday school and other re igiotis excursions.— The Quiver. TilE DISFBSCK OF LONDON.—The defence of London is explained by Mr. A- H. Atteridge in Caswell's Magazine: If we were- at war with one or more Continental neighbours, steps would at once bt taken for the defence of London. If our ill-fortune made invasion a nearer possibility, the arrangements already planned would be carried out in their full completeness. As soon as war was imminent the Thames defences would be first attended to. Probably in such a case a large part, of our regular forces, and all the Militia that had volunteered for foreign ser- vice, would be either abroad or under orders for the defence of various parts of our wide extended Em- pire. The Militia and Volunteer gunners told off for the Thames forts would be mobilised and conveyed to their stations. The Volunteers would probably be called out by reliefs, half or a third of each regiment being on permanent duty at a time, &i*d the rest ready to join them at a few hours' notice. The artillery, submarine miners, and engineers would be the first called for. Mines would be laid down, new batteries placed in position along the river the- boom would close the Medway every night; great searchlights would sweep every approach, and scouting vessels would lie well out to sea. In this service Marconi's new wireless system of telegraphy would be a priceless advantage to us. Meanwhile the land defences would not be neglected. Working parties of Militia and Volunteers and organised gangs of navvies, under the direction of engineer officers, would be throwing up the redoubts and earthwork batteries already pianned along the North Downs and the Tilbury-Epp ng line. Not only are the plans for every work complete, but tho orders are ready for the troops who will help in the work, and the requisitions for civilian labour are written out and waitingin pigeon-holeti tl9 be handed to the commanding officers. The grim possibilities of war would be suggested by the organisation of large hospitals, and the enrolment of a small army of trained nurses doctors. All ARTIST s METHODS.—In the course of an article in the Magazine of Art, on Some Unfinished Works by Sir Edward Burne-Jcmes," some interesting de- tails are given of the great artist's methods of work, The following passage deals of his early treatment of a canvas: When the cartoon was completed, it would be traced by an aesistavd; and transferred to the can- yas upon which the finJsbedpieture was to be painted. The design was then drawn iD, usually by an assistant, in thin monochrome (burnt sienna, raw or burnt umber, or terra Terte), and the real work of painting the picture would begin. My father himself would start with the brighter portions in pure flake white, lumping it and patting it on and dragging it over, so as completely to cover the warp and woof of the canvas and form agreeable surfaces, which were allowed to §et bone-dry before the final glazes were applied. Te never painted into a tacky" or half-dry sur- face, believing that such work had a tendency to darken. Indeed, in aU matters relating to the per- manency of his painting he was scrupulously care* ful, and never employed a colour about the durabi- lity of which chemists had expressed any doubt. He would often lament the comparatively limited palette which this restriction implied, and, among colours tabooed, he especially regretted Indian Lake and Dragon's Blood. The vehicle for thinning paint which he always used of late years was a tri- partite compound of equal quantities of copal, lin- seed oil, and spike oil (of lavender). A store of this mixture, carefully measured out, was kept in a little bottle, and a few drops were poured out each morn- ing into a clean cup, and a little more spike oil added to further dilute it. This was used sparingly. He allowed no collection of old or stale paint to accumu- late upon his palette, which was cleaned daily.
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OLD Da WKISKKRS: "I have had toy life insured for five thousand pounds ia your favour. Is there anything else I can do to please you 1" Hrl. De Whisker* (his young wife); "Nothing p* earthy dear."
———-;—;Tp SCIENCE -NOTES.r
———- — T p SCIENCE -NOTES. r COCOANUT netting with meshes inches wide is sold in Dresden for snow screens. They are 13 feet by five feet, and when lashed to posts, for ex- ample old sleepers, make a good snow-fence for rail- ways. Ox ,the Dortmund-Ems Canal in Germany ex- periments are in progress to see whether electric traction can be economically employed. The instal- lation is by Siemens and Halska of Berlin. f M. RTMTOWTT-RIVES, of Geneva, is credited with an invention, much wanted, for feeding paper auto- matically to the printing press. It is said to work at all speeds and take any thickness of paper. FROM microscopic observations it has been com- puted hat the skin is perforated with a thousand holes in a square inch. If the whole surface of the human body be estimated at 16 square feet, it must contain no fewer than 2,304,090 pores. AN electrical charwoman is the latest household novelty reported from America. Brushes and driers are connected with a motor, and on touching aj button the charwoman starts scrubbing the floor. MELINITE, as used by the Boers (says the Globe) is fused picric acid and cresylic acid, while lyddite i picric acid made very dense by fusion. The shellsj are coated inside with varnish, and the picric acid castj inside. A strong detonator of ammonium pi crate and saltpetre is used. THE Medical News, in reference to the advance o the motor-car in New York, points out that with the disappearance of the horse in cities the disease o lock-jaw, or tetanus, will become rare, or entirely absent, since it is horse fodder which disseminates the germ. PROFESSOR ROWLAND, of Baltimore, thinks he hasi proved by experiment that the magnetism of the earth, and probably other celestial bodies, is deve-i loped by their rapid rotation, and the faster they re- volve the stronger their magnetism. M. DELEZINIEK, in a paper to the Äcadém ie des, Sciences, Paris, announces that with three-phase currents of electricity, as used in electric lighting in- stallations, and an induction coil, very good Rönt- gen radiographs are got. The observation will sim- plify the apparatus used in hospitals. THE new balloon of Dr. Danilewsky, of Charkov, Russia, is recommended for reconnoitring purposes in preference to the captive balloon. It is free, and can pass over the enemy at an altitude too high for them to shoot it. Moreover, it requires fewer men and less time to fill and start it. In shape it is like a conical shell, and has a steering apparatus under- neath. AN official report of the Russian Bureau of Statistics, in the Department of Paskov, shows that some of the peasants in times of scarcity hybernate in the manner of animals. They lie in bed, or, as it is called in Russian, le jka." The bed is made on a flat stove, and all they do is to replenish the stove and support life by a diminished ration of black bread dipped in water. They try to keep as immove- able as possible so as not to waste their energy or heat. The hut is dark and silent throughout the winter. M. ToMMAsi suggests a new cartridge for blasting purposes, to supersede dynamite or gunpowder. It consists of a sealed glass tube containing a concen- trated solution of carbonate of potassium, and wires through the glass connect with a battery. A current of electricity sent through the liquid decomposes it, liberating hydrogen and carbonic acid which accumulate and burst tho tube. Chloride of ammonium can be used for the carbonate of potassium with like effect. These cartridges are only dangerous when the current is put on them, and this can be done when all risk of life is pre- vented. THE Viekerd 12-pounder gun, whieh is now fo be supplied to our troops, has hitherto been much neglected by our military authorities. The United States Government recently purchased a number for use in the Philippines. It is a splendid weapon, but its high uiuzzle velocity of 1720ft. a second is obtained by the use of a shell weighing 31b. less than that of a new American 15-pounder, which has a muzzle velocity of 1800ft.. a second. The English Woolwich 15-pounder has a muzzle velocity of 1600ft. a second, and no means pf checking the re- coil on the carriage. It is, in fact, rather out-of-date, like some of our popular notions. EVERYBODY was talking about meteors a Ihorttime ago, and tllle circumstance has recalled a story told by Sir Robert BulL A meteorite had fallfen on an American farm, and there was a dispute as to whom it be.ollged. The ground landlord claimed because, as he alleged, the lease reserved to him all metals and minerals on the estate. The tenant replied that the meteorite was not on the estate when the lease was made, and refused to give it up. The landlord then claimed the .meteorite as flying game," upon which the tenant retorted that as it had neither wings not feathers it could hardly fly, and moreover, that if it was game at all it was ground game." Thus th< dispute went on, says Sir Robert Ball, until the revenue officers stepped in and seized the meteorite as an article which had been introduced into the country without payment of duty. ACCORDING to Lieutenant Carden, of the United States Army, the Boer field, guns have proved iuperior to ours. He is not surprised at the facti teeing that the Creusot and Krupp factories have sup- plied the Transvaal. The only wonder is," he re- marks, that England has been content to possess irtillery weapons known to be inferior to the, best uns on the Continent. We use the term known advifledly, since attention to this very fact has been sailed by prominent artillerists during the past two pears." White's field guns have an effective range of 1000yd. according, to reports,, but the Creusot 14- pounder carries 8744yd. It only requires a road or of 3-56ft. wide, whereas the Woolwich gun carriage requires 5ft. 2in., an advantage iu a ountry like Natal. The shapnel of this Oreusot gun has 234 bullets, and at 4500yd. is very effective. METHODS of forming accumulator plates (says Work) are touched upon in a contemporary. AccumU-l lators with mechanically supported active material in the form of paste, such as litharge, peroxide of lead, or pulverised lead with or without admixture, have led to the employment pf many forms of con- taining frame, the object being to give the greatest possible support to the embedded material and to prevent the latter falling out. For this purpose thin I perforated plates of non-conducting material have been used to cover the surfaces of the positive elec- trodes, these perforated plates hitherto having been secured by wrapping them round the electrode and fixing insulating rods between the anode and cathode; soldering and riveting have been resorted to when the plates are of metal. A German method recently introduced is to lay the metal plate or shield in the mould in which the grid is to be formed; molten, lead is poured in, and the shield and grid become one. This method, however, allows only one side of each plate to be treated at one time. When the plate so constructed becomes an end plate its unpro- tected side may face the wall of the cell without modification. But in the formation of positive plates, two shields are employed, the active element being enclosed between and supported by them* THE purification of water after its use in manu- factories was the subject of a paper read before the Institution of Civil Engineers by Mr. EL A Tatton, who described the methods employed for purifying trade waste on the banks of the Mersey and Irwell. At the bleaching and dyeing Works of Messrs. R Clay aid Sons, the waste water, amounting some* times to 500,000 gallons per day, is dealt with in precipitation tanks and filters, sludge tanks, presses, &c. The waste is treated with lime and iron alum," and settled in tanka ia which most of the suspended solids are intercepted; the water then is pumped to a second series of tanks for further pre- cipitation, the clear liquid being passed finally through cinder filters into the river. At the wool dyeing and finishing works of Messrs. Kelsall and Kemp the waste is very polluted, owing to. the large amount of soap used in the scouring processes and the grease extracted from the wool. This greasv water is kept separate from the dye water in the mill, and is pumped into a series of three tanka, in which the solids are precipitated by lime and ferric chloride, the clear liquid passing thence with the dye water through a second series of tanks and filters into the river. The precipitated sludge is discharged on to filters of cocoanut matting, and when dried sufficiently is pressed, and the oil extracted. One hundred and eighty thousand gallons of water per day are dealt with at these works. The waste water from the calico printing, dyeing, and bleaching worki of Messrs. Syddall Bros, is polluted with alizarine, logwood, and other dyes, soap, starch, &e. The 70,000gal. of waste per day is pumped to the purifi- cation wfrks from a well; iron alum is used as a precipHafat, and there is a central settling tank and two prccioitation tanks, the"latter each holding a two-and-a-lialf days' accumulation and being used alternately. The waste water finally is filtered through ashes, whilst the sludge left in the tanks is ( pumped out ana spread out to dry. j .fI t 1.. i.iif;1 .'t.t :j b í 1¡
1'J ^—• — ! ! T -THE WOMAISTS…
J ^—• — T THE WOMAISTS WORLD. TnE reason why pretty necks and throats are much rarer possessions nowadays than they were 50 or 50 years ago is that for many years past it has been the fashion to wear high stiff collars, fastened tightly around the throat. Tight collars cause the neck to become yellow, and the skin to become prematurely wrinkled and baggy, A graceful carriage of the neck is also impossible when a high, close collar is worn. We are at last beginning to recognise these truths and this season stiffened collars are not worn so much. Often the first signs of age show themselves in the throat. Daily massage, using a good emollient, is the best method of keeping throat wrinkles at bay; this if persevered with, will also prevent yellowness and scragginess ol the neck. Singing exercises improve the appearance of the throat, but of course, it is imperative that singers should avoid tight collars. I TUB arm of the fashionable wearer will undoubtedly twinkle with one of the very new butterfly bracelets. Just a perfectly plain, tighbriftting band of flexible gold it must be, clasping the arms above the elbow and set with a gold, jewel-besprinkled butterfly. The long, lovely body and large wings of the glorious in- eect are so poised that at every movement of the arm the gleaming pinions tremble, open and shut. Another equally curious and beautiful armlet has a mere gold thread to fasten above the elbow. Across it is fixed a thin enamelled lizard, which, at a short distance, appears to have climbed so high on the white round member that gives it support. Not one of these new bracelets is clasped at the wrist or below the elbow. AT present it is fad to collect semi-precious atonea, such as amethysts, aqua-marines, moonstones, to pa ces, Mexican opals, and others, and have them set in a long gold chain. Frequently they can be picked up very cheaply at old curio shops. About 30 of them are necessary to 611 in properly a chain of moderate length. Besides the cost of the chain and the ptones, at least one or two dollars apieoe must be allowed for the Bejting of them. The various sizes, shapes, and colours of the stones make the chain very interesting. SILTER for toilet table articles will always hold its own, but ivory to-day is the most distinguished material of which brushes, combs, powder boxes, hand mirrors and the like can be made. It is better for a person who is collecting the furniture for a dressing-table to put money gradually into fine pieces of iyory rather than silver. Ivory of the beet quality is steadily increasing in value. Every year the number of elephants decreases. The time is almost here when the ivory-bearing elephants of Central Africa will be extinct. Collections of ivory now fetch large prices. It is notsurprising, therefore, that ivory toilet articles should be eagerly sought. THICRB ie a right and a wrong way to wash windows. In winter it is often dimcult to wash windows as often as.they require it, as the work cannot be done in freezing weather nor when the sun is shining upon them. At such times dust them well, if there is dust upon them, and leave them nntil a warm day and an hour when the sun is not shining on them. Use a large painter's brush to brush the dust off the ledges of the window, and wipe it off the windows with a dry linen cloth. Do not use soap in washing windows, but rub them over on the inside with a little whiting moistened with alcohol and water in about equal parts. Polish off the whiting, using a chamois skin or an old news- paper that has been softened by the hands to do so. Take care not to allow the powder to scatter around the room, as it will if it is not gathered up in paper or chamois skin while it is being rubbed off. Regular glaizers always polish window glass with whiting. Do not use strong ammonia ip washing windows or it will leave a mist on the glass which it will be diffi- cult to take off, In ironing old silk do not damp it at the moment, but at least an hour before. Sprinkle it thoroughly and roll it up as tightly as possible in a towel. The iron should be tried on a scrap of the silk first; silk varies in quality and thickness, and an iron which is too hot for one cloth is just right for another. FANCY French jewellery is more worn than ever, and it has become bewilderingly beautiful in design and execution. No pains are spared to make it rival the most costly ornaments made by the best jewellers. According to the present mode every young girl feels the necessity of having a necklace, a jewel backcomb to wear with evening dress, a few pretty corsage pins and a brooch or two besides. THRD is no very marked change (seps the World) in the style of dressing the hair; it is still worn turned up from the nape of the neck, and, prettily waved, shows a becoming fulness at the back. In front the Pompadour roll should not be broken at the side; in fact, the newest way of arranging the front hair is to draw the waved piece from one side just across the forehead in a broken wave, and scarcely any fringe should be visible the hair is puffed out at the sides, and the long ends are twisted up into knots on the top of the bead. A little chain knot is the smartest, and ia some instances this is arranged below the level of the top, so that it ia not seen from the front. ———— IT may be taken for granted that, as a general principle, fashionable dresses will shortly be tight around the hips, the back of the skirts will be closely adjusted, and sometimes quite flat, but more fre- quently formed of one or two very thin pleats, left free if the material is of soft texture, such as China crape or thin satin, or mounted with stitching if the material is woollen. As to the fronts (remarks the London Journal), many are make to fasten down the side, but there are also narrow aprons, and lastly there is a repetition of the flat pleat down the back— straight corsets will admit of this cut—the pleats being, moreover, fixed, and in no caee becoming larger. There will be many tunics-that is to say, two skirts one over another—the underskirt being very long, with a scalloped curve around the bottom, drooping in front and back. and slightly shorter at the sides, or else ending in deep indentations, orna- mented, according to the material, with lace, wide fringe eriibroidery, or simple stitched bands of the material forming arabesques. The underskirt is long—even for walking dresses, alas!—showing nothing but a shaped flounce, very supple in move- ment. ,f:' THKRK'S nothing more becoming to the average Englishwoman than the mixture of cloth and fur in autumn and winter costume. That brown should have so long been out of favour proves that our countrywomen fail to realise what a charming dolour it can be, in many of its numerous shades, and how agreeably it combines with fur. For this season cloth in tones of nut-brown, cinnamon, chestnut, coffee, cigar, and caf £ -au-lait are prepared with 01 without the braiding that is to be such a feature of the coming season's dress. Many of them are to be trimmed with fur on the coat or bolero for outdoor wear. The bodices will be made with rounded yokes in pink, blue. yellow, sulphur, orange, green, or scarlet, in satin, repp silk, wile, or fancy etuffs.and this yoke will be joined on with seams hidden under braiding or bands of fur. WHEN money is scarce there seems nothing that runs away with one's money so fast as veils. Theit life is a very short-lived one, end often a misadventure ruinfe them as soon as bought." Yet we must wear them if we want to loot rt, and to buy cheap ones is worse than useless, as they never look well from the day they are bought. The truest economy is to buy fine net by the yard. It cuts to better advantage, you, get four veils for the price of one, and it is of a far better quality, and lasts longer than if you buy veiling pure and simple. TAB home milliner should follow models; Never let her undertake to originate," says a fashionabie London milliner. The fashions are set by the Paris milliners, and are iwoiediately sent to this country. The home milliner should select the best models and study them. Jfo Blatter how pretty a hat may look when being trimmed at home, it will appear at a great disadvantage in public unless its Hnes are carefully chosen." LuTBBR RKVIVER.—Chairs and sofas upholstered with leather, last much longer if the leather is regularly revived with the following mixture: It eleans the leather, and at the same time softens it and prevents cracking. Take one part of beet vinegar, and two parts of boiled linseed oil and shake well J together. Apply a little on a soft rag, and afterwards r>lish with a silk duster or an old chamois leather. consider,that the leather of chairs should be as re- gularly polished as their woodwork. COPVING a recent fashionable wedding scheme in its colour effects, a trio of young bridesmaids wore at a wedding white corded silk overdresses above S underskirts of Richelieu red safcm, the cape collars and I revers of the low-cut bodices turned back with red jj satin overlaid with white Venice guipure lace and bordered with otter fur. The gnimpes and sleeves were also of the satin and They wore white velvet round hats trimmed with white ostrich plumes and holly. The bouquets white roses and car- • nations tied with glowing fed satin ribbon. The tall, brunette bride was attired io a princesse dress of satin and peau de soie, with lace guimpe and sleeves laid ever satin, and her mother's lace wedding veil was worn, held by a diamond crescent Neither jj Wide nor groom wore gloves. I
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:=:=. -=-S.- AMERICAN HUMOUR. JOSII BILLINGS wrote: I kno Iota ov men who are like gide boards, able to tell yu the rite road to take, but kan't follow it themselfs to save their lives. In looking the whole thing over, very kluss, I think I never kav seen a very ritch man who wai very happy. Human natur iz the same now az it. waz in the days ov Noah and hiz ark; the same kauzes pro- duce the same results and tho we hav no reliable ackount ov Noah's having enny korns on hiz feet, he cortainly would hav if be had worn boots a size and a haff smaller than hiz feet. The man who haz lived to be three skore years and ten, and haz both eyes and ears wide open, and hiz thoughts alive, haz a full idea ov all thare ha2 ever been in the world ov enny consequence, is now. or ever will be. Yung man, keep a stiff upper lip, for yu won't find the world iaklined. to think enny more ov yu than yu think ov yureself. Enemys are safer than friends-they won't (latter yu. Human happiness seems to be sumthing that everyboddy iz looking after, but don't expekt to find. Gentlemen are born so. Men kan learn to be polite, and art will make them gracephull, but they kan't learn how to be gentlemen. To be a good master, a man must kno how to be a good servant. The man who kan't keep a secret kan't be trusted in ennything; he iz to tie treated like an orange-the juice iz to be squeezed out ov him, and then he iz to be dropt. Necessity iz stronger than enny law, gospel, or all the attributes of human natur combined. Violeut grief iz like a straw fire; it soon expendf itself, and, besides, leaves no ashes. I like a pashionate man better than I do a sullen one, just az I like a hornet more than I do a snaik. Thare iz nothing more dangerous to a yung man than the luv ov notoriety, for no one kan tell into what rekless path it will lead him. We should look upon all failures with compashun, for we find even in a good cauze az menny failures a? we do suckcesses. Thare is nothing mortifys me so much az the kowardice I find in mi human natur. The man who kan't learn ennything, only bi experi- ence, won't profit even bi what he learns in that way. I hav fully made up mi mind that Whatever is, is right." If I fall down on the ice. it iz all right; and the next best thing I kan do iz to pik miself up. One ov the gratest plezzures ov life iz to work for our children'; but, generally,.the gratest dri^dgery that our children kan do iz to work for us. "SIXTEEN boys went to the canal on a summer's afternoon to swim," said the teacher, but five were told not to bathe. How many Went in?" Sixteen," said Sam. SIIE Wouldn't you like to have me tell you all about yourself-your disposition and your tempera- ment, and your past and your present and your future, and your impulses and your judgment, and your faults and your virtues and-" He: A few of the last, please." She A few of what ?" He: My virtues." She But really, I can tell you, you know. By your hand. I learned all about it the other day from a friend. Such a clever girl, she ——" He: "Yes, you "She: "Well, I can tell you, you know. You see this line. Mercy how big your hand looks." JIe: "I suppose it does by the side of yours." She: "This is your life-line. It's pretty long. There's one break. That means an illness or a trouble or-or something." He: Call it something. What size gloves do you wear?" She What difference does that make?" He Oh — nothing. Only I wondered. You ought not to be fallowed to wear gloves anyway-ever." She: "H'm'm. This is your head-line. It's very good. You should be able to- wbll-vou know—to know things." He: "What things should I be able to know ?" She Oh—dif- ferent things." He: "There's one thing I want to know." She: "And this is your heart-line. It's all broken up in little, little lines, and that means you are fickle. Yes, I think you are very changeable." He: But you don't know-" She: But yoa can't help being with that heart-line." He Well, you ought to-you have owned it long enough. She H'm'm. Your past and present-" He I don't care anything about the past. The present I am distinctly interested in. Perhaps you can tell me about the future." She (an hour later): Do you know, I think your heart-line is not so very much divided after all, and I think Clara said that if there was one good long line the little ones didn't matter very much." EVER try to stretch a shoe with oats ? asked a suburban friend of The Saunterer yesterday. No, who eyer heard of such a thing. Why, what do yon mean? returned The Saunterer. Well, you know, I bought a nice new pair of shoes last week. I put them on the day I got them, and walked about until night, and the right one almost killed me. That night I thought of a brilliant scheme. We had just got in some oats for the horse, and one of the bags got wet. I noticed how the oats swelled, so it struck me it would be a good way to ease my shoe. So that night J packed the shoe full of new oats, poured it full of water, and lashed down the top securely. When I awoke the next morning the first thing I did was to look for the shoe, and what do you think I saw ? Why, that miserable thing had stretched and stretched, until, from a modest number seven it had become large enough to hold an elephant's foot. And it had not stretched evenly. It was full of knots and bunches, and such a sight you never saw in all your born days. I am looking now for a man whose feet will fit the two shoes." No, sir," concluded the suburban friend with a mournful air, as he thought over his overproductive improvised stretcher, "next time I have any shoes to be enlarged I'll either take them to a shoemaker, or wear 'em just as they are, in spite of corns." I" POPPA," said Miss Lucetta, who had recently graduated from the village academy, and was con- sequently learned and accomplished a great plenty, "do you know the story of Rip Van Winkle? D'no' 'z I do," replied honest Farmer Gapp. "What 'd he do, Lucetty ?" Why, for 20 years hf remained in one spot, motionless and-" Aw 1" interrupted the old man. Mixed up in a game of chess, hey?" IT was not an unnatural mistake. One neighbour had advertised for a girl to do general housework,. Another bad announced in the same way that she would rent her fine house, furnished, during the summer. A woman called on the former of these the other morning and rang the front-door bell. I Please step 'round to the side door," said the mis- tress, as she met the caller. The caller complied, but wit h a puzzled smile. I came in response to your advertisement," she began, when seated. Yes. You have references, I presume P" Certainly, if you require them," and the caller set her nose a little higher. Does your housq have all modern convenience. P" Everything. The kitchen is particularly well arranged and the laundry is complete. There is nothing old and worn, and that makes it nicer. Where did yon work last, anq what wages have you been getting?" Work, last ?, Wages ? I beg your pardon," and the caller's eyes looked dangerous. I don't think your house would suit me at all. I would like a conservatory and a billiard 10;010." "Goodness gracious And I sup- i pose you'd want a private theatre aud a roof garden, You can't work for me." Madam, you advertise a house to rent furnished and when I come you insult me," and she started for the door. Then there was a hurried explanation, and, both beiog sensible women, they laughed till so weak that each had to take two cups of tea as a bracer. A YOUNG couple were entertaining their friends and among the guests was one whose continued rudeness made him extremely objectionable to the rest of the company. His conduct was put up with for some time, until at supper he held up on a fork a piece of meat which had been served to him, and, in a vein of intended humour, he looked around and remarked: "Is this pig?" This immediately drew forth the remark from a qt iet-looking individual sitting at the other end of the table: Whioh end of the fork do you refer to ?" > HE: "Do you still feel angry with me?" She: I despise you I abhor you I hate you I" He: Then perhaps you'd better break your engagement to accompany me to the opera," She: Oh, I doul b,ate you so much as that.
FUN AND FANCY.
FUN AND FANCY. I On, you needn't talk," said the indignant wife what would you be to-day if it weren't for my money, I'd like to know?" "I really don't know, my dear," calmly replied the heartless wretch; but I'm inclined to think I should be a happy bachelor." OIL helps progress, but doesn't make it. MR. SKINFLINT (to waiter): Don't you get tired of waiting?" Waiter: Yes, for a tip." MRS. KEYBOARD "Why do you always sit at, the hotel piano ? You can't play a note! Old Stokes i Neither can anyone else while I'm here." j OFFICIAL RECEIVER (at a meeting of creditors): "What have you come here for?" Professional ] Beggar: "To put in my claim. The bankrupt used to give me twopence every week." JeOGF. (sternly): "You are a pitiable SPECIMEN of humanity. What brought you to all this dem-nda- tion and disgrace?" Prisoner (proudly): it, tlJok three coppers, yer washup JUST heard something scandalous about yotl, Louise." "I thought so; jou look so awtully pleased." >EWSPAPBR MAN: "I should like to telegraph home that the commanding general is an idiot." Censor I regret to inform you that we can per- mit the transmission of no military secrets." I CAN tell you," said he, how much water runs over Niagara Falls to a quart." How much ?" asked she. Two pints." MARIE, didn't you feel very had when your engagement was broken off P" Yes and I had another dreadful blow the same day-my new dress came home and didn't fit." MOTHBR (to Bobbie, in disgrace, returning from father): My poor boy 1 Did it-hurt very much ?" Bobbie: "Please, mummy, if you don't mind, we won't talk about it I" "WHAT are your intentions regarding my daughter?" What are yours?" BRIGGS: "I didn't know that you were near- sighted." Griggs: "Near-sighted! Why, I walked right up to one of my creditors yesterday." LITTLE FLAXEN HAIR Papa, it's raining." Papi (somewhat annoyed by work in hand): Well, let it rain." Little Flaxen Hair (timidly) I was going to." "I HBAR you're making lots of money." "My dear fellow, I lead a regular hand-to-mouth existence." "You don't say? What are you doing ?" Practising dentistry." A GIRL on her wedding-day sold her piano, and bought a sewing machine and material enough for a suit for her husband and a dress for herself, and at once set to work making them up. Her husband spread the news. In two months her four Bistert were all married. WHAT was this row about?" asked the policeman. It all came about," the father-in-law explained, by some of those cheeky boys throwing shoes at the bride." "Well," said the policeman, "that's ous- tomary." "Yes; but not horseshoes." "WHY do you not eat your apple, Tommy?" I'm waiting till Johnny Briggs comes along. Apples tastos much better when there's some other kid to watch you eat 'em." VISITOR: So your young brother is taking lessons on the violin. Is he making progress?" Phil: Yes, he's got so far now that we can tell whether he is tuning or playing." CUSTOMER Waiter, do you remember me ? I came in here yesterday and ordered a steak ?" Waiter: "Yes, sir; will you have the same to-day, sir?" Customer: Yes, if no one else is using it. DRILL-SERGEANT (to recruit): "I've told you forty times, you must stand up as straight as if you'd swallowed a ramrod. Instead of that, you appear to have swallowed a dozen scimitars I SAVAGE PARTY (annoyed by yelping dog): If I kick that dog in the ribs perhaps he'll stop barking at me." Yelping Dog's Owner Perhaps he will. He never wants to bark when he's got his mouth full." I I" BUT you cannot deny the constant progress of the race, Mr. Old fogy ?" N-no. perhaps I can't. That boy of mine is afforded twice the opportunities to make a howling ass of himself than I had at his age." THE man who pays as he goes seldom goes fast enough to overheat himself. HK was watching his neighbour. troublesome boy climb a tree, nnd be had a look of painful anxiety on his countenance. Are you afraid the lad wity fall ?" he was asked. No," he replied; I'm afraid he won't." COMMERCIAL travellers are fond of chaffing each other. I've a great story to tell you, boys," said a commercial to a group of friends the other night. "I don't think any of you ever Jheard me tell it before." Is it a really good story?" asked one of the party, doubtingly. It certainly is." Then I'm sure you never told it before AND what do you regard as the greatest triumph of modern surgery?" Collecting the bills,, promptly responded the great practitioner. DUNN What do you think of Dauber's latest picture, after Rubens?" Brown: "I think that Rubens would be after Dauber If he could only see it." FANNY: "Now, when I am asked to sing, I nevei say, Oh, I can't I' but I always sit down at the piano-It Mamie: And let the audience ftnd it out for themselves ?" CUSTOMER (to head waiter): Here, sir, thit clumsy fellow has spilled over half of my cup of tea down my back." Head Waiter (to clumsy waiter, sternly): Bring this gentleman a full cup of tea instantly." MRS. BROWN (at Mrs. Smith's tea): Oh, dear, that dreadful Miss Smith is singing again. I wonder what started her?" Tom Brown (aged seven): I dropped a penny down her back when she wasnl looking." THE PROFESSOR (introducing his lectnre): The sci«ntific subject I shall >tpeak oa to-day, gentlemen, is one that a hundred years ago only the highly educated could have understood. But nowadays we have advanced so much that any idiot can under- stand the matter, and none of you will have any difficulty in following the lecture." Is there anything Blowhard doesn't know ?" Well, if there is, he doesn't know it." A MONEYED man may often pass As good among the many, Though all his worth he counterfeit And he a bad, bad penny. MRS. JONES Men never know how much they owe to their wives. Now there's Mr. Blank, who is praised by everyone as a successful man, but what would he have been if he had never married?" Mr-' Jones: A bachelor, dear." GENTLEMEN of the jury," said a blundering counsel, in an action about some pigs, there were just thirty-six hogs in that drove; please to re- member that fact—thirty-six hogs—just exactly three times as many as there are in that jury-box, gentle- men." That counsel did not gain his case. ::W liEN a choir singer ham, t the ready cash he ought I to have no trouble in settling his bills with notes. IMAGINATION is the stairway which the n.ind use* when taking the some lofty project. WILLIAMSON Why is it a young fellow will make fool of himself to catch a wife?" Brownson: Because it's the best bait he can use." "IN the romantic novel, the hero and heroine married at the end of their troubles." "Yes?' While in the realistic novel they marry at the begin- ning" "JOIIN," she asked, "bow do you like this hat on me?" Oh, I dunno," he answered. "Have you bought it?" No; not exactly. I brought it home on approval. I intend to take either this or another one, which is ten shillings more in price, but I thought-—" "Florence," he interrupted: "that's the most becoming hat I ever saw youhave ton. Tele-; phone to them first thing in the morning that you'll: take it, so as to makesure they'll not sell it to anybody else." "Of course," said the moralist, "me must make bay while the sun shines." "That is true," replied the scientist; but there is little doubt that posterity will be able to do it by electric light." MINE at last, and for ever!" he exclaimed. She suffered herself to be crushed in his warm embrace, somewhat sadly. Do you think these grants in per- petuity strictly consonant with the highest considera- tions of public policy?" she faltered, with charming naivety. Botric people never get by a fork in the roads with- out regretting that they didn't take the other orouc.
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