Llandudno Advertiser and List of Visitors

OUR LOCAL PARLIAMENT. 1 (By a Lady). WHAT OUR, PRESENT-DAY ORATORS HAD TO PUT UP WITH. Reprinted from the "Advertiser" February 11th, 1888. Censure and criticism never hurt any- 1 body. If false, they cannot harm you, unless you are wanting in character; and if true, they show a man his weak points, and forewarn him a<gainst failure and trouble. I do not intend taking the position of your ordinary reporter 'Hansard/ Neither do I intend giiving1 a verbatim report of the speeches, but shalilendepuvour to give the impression the house, and the speakers produce on the mind of the lady. The speaker ha,s repeatedly called for a speech from the ladies gallery, but so far without success, owing no doubt to the natural timidity of our sex. But I feel that I can express my opinion and sentiments under your kind protection, Mr Editor, without being subject to such trying conditions, and should I feel inclined to express my- self rather strongly on the defects of our cl rising orators, it would not be detrimental to my matrimonial prospects. The subject under discussion at the last sitting was "The abolition of capital zn punishment." The debate was opened by Mr S. R. Bartley, who read a paper condemning the infliction of capital punishment for murder. The points and arguments raised I considered good, viz., The uncertainty of circumstantial evidence. That the Gov- ernment have no moral right to take away human life. The immediate decrease of crime in certain cases after capital punish- ment had been abolished for their com- mission. The delivery, or I should say the reading, of the paper was not so good as the substance, and the much stammer- ing and many pauses made me think that thehon. gent, was suffering from nervous- ness, or that he was quoting from un- familiar authors, the former I think was the true cause. This may also explain why the hon. gent. was so anxious to ex- change his position from facing! the ladies' gallery before commencing his speech. I can assure him that we are quite harm- ess, and full of sympathy for young orators. This also may give an explana- tion why so many of our young men of marriageable ages are fighting shy of the matrimonial market. Mr Ri. Fisher took the defensive, side, and made a very creditable extempore speech; he based his arguments on three principles The justice of capital punish- ment, the necessity of such a punishment, and the biblical argument. This gentle- man with a, little practice and experience will make a capital speaker, but the sum- ming up by both these gentlemen at the finish I, considered very weak and not worthy of the occasion. •K The debate was then open for the mem- bers, and Mr R. Roberts, surveyor, spoke. 'He did not introduce any new element into the debate, but passed some very free criticism on the previous speech. He may, in my opinion, by practice, become a very good debater. Mr W. O. Williams, draper, then made a very' effective speech in favour of capital punishment, based on two points, viz., its justice and exped- iency. His criticism on the opener's speech as to the right, of a Government to take awa.y the criminal's life in order to protect society, was very fair, and I con- sider he had the best of the argument, though the latter part of his speech was weak. Then Mr Moss followed in a warm criticism on the biblical argument of the leader of the house, Mr Fisher. Then Messrs. Dean, Ward and Brooks criticised the different speeches. Just a word about! the last speaker named. I have not quite maclo up my mind as to whether he is very clever or very foolish, or neither, but hope to arrive at a satisfactory con- j elusion shortly. The Rev. J. Raymond spoke in favour of continuing; capital punishment in cases of wilful murder. His criticism on the arguments of the opposition was very effective and conclusive. The speaker (Rev. Mr Catling) then summed up the debate. The rev. gent, may be very clever, and a great scholar, but as the popular saying is, "he knows it," and if there is anythingi more detest- I able in a man than another, it is affecta- tion. It is pardonable in .a woman, but if a man should be anything, he should he should be manly. This gentleman's sum- ming up was very partial, and as de- scribed: by Mr Raymond, "a piece of special pleading! in favour of the opposi- tion." < The continuation of capital punishment was carried iby a large majority. (To be Continued).

THE; SHADES OF AUT'UMN.-With' the falling leaf around us, we are reminded that the summer has passed, and to -pre- pare for the long dreary winter evenings. It is during the cold months that the de- licious beverage, Tea, is more fully appre- ciated. Horniman's Pure Tea has a dis- tinctive flavour and aroma,, obtainable only by the expert blending of young spring leaves from the finest gardens of India., China and Ceylon. Is sold "Full weight without the wrapper." Sold in Llandudno by T. and Ri. D. Jones, Grocers, 'Oxford Road; H. and J. Owen, The Steam Bakery; Parry and Son, Corner of Pleasant and Victoria, Streets; Roberts, 37, Mostyn Street; W. G. Wil- liams, Upper Mostyn Street; Llandudno Junction-by T. Jones, Grocer, Post Office.

A good method for removing rust from steel is to first rub the object with sweet oil, and then, after a dav or two, rub it with finely-powdered unslake(I lime until the rust disappears. Then give it again a coating of oil with a woollen cloth, and put it in a dry place. -v-- TO IMPROVE WATER, COLOURS AND INKS. The distinguished German chemist Ostwald has taken out a German patent for the improve- ment of drawing inks and water-colours. He has found that by the addition of small quanti- ties (from 1: 1C0 to 1: 1,030) of volatile o-rganic compounds of the aliphatic series, which are soluble in Vater, at least to a small extent, and contain not less than four atoms of carbon, inks, drawing-inks, and other water-colours are ren- dered capable of readily marking such surfaces as parchment, ivory, waxed paper, etc. In the case of neutral liquids, an alcohol, ester, or other neutral substance is used, while to acid inks, free fatty acids, such as valeric or caproic at'd, may be added. ♦— COLD WATER ANNEALING. A correspondent of the ( American Machinist calls attention to the old method of cold-water annealing reported to be highly successful on the common grades of steel. It is to heat the steel to a dull red, and then lwlding it in a dark place until the red disappears and the steel turns black. The steel is then dipped in cold water, and can be easily filed. Of course, this method can only be used where it is de ired to anneal the end of the piece, as it would be difficult to cool the work evenly. For small. profile machine-cutters, etc., it is very handy, because waiting is unnecessary. Another way of testing the ""dipping heat is to allow the.piece to cool gradually, at the same time rubb;«g the steel with a piece of dry white pine. When f'F steel is nearly cool enough to dip, small .-part-c-res of charred wood will rub off, stick to the steel, and glow momentarily. When the action ceases, dip. » ELECTRICAL M F!v"KE M E N T OF HEAT AND FLOW. A meter for measuring the rate of How of gas a' 7 or air, which can be adapted for uc-e as a steam meter sr as a steam calorimeter, taking the quality of all tlic, steam passing through a pipe instead of that of a sample of steam, was described recently to a meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The opera- tion of the gas-meter depends upon the principle of adding electrically a known quantity of heat to the gas and determining the rate of flow by the rise in temperature of the gas—about 5 degrees Fahrenheit—between iiiiet and outlet. The meter consists of an electric heater formed of suitable resistance material disposed across the gas passage so as to impart heat at a uniform rate to the gas. The resulting rise of tempéta- ture is measured and aufngraphicaHy recorded by means of two electrical resistance ther- mometers, one on each side of the heater; These consist of resistance wire upop metal tubes so placed that all the gas passing through the meter comes in close proximity to the ther- mometers. The adoption of this principle of operation permits the construction of a very accurate and sensitive autographic meter of large capacity containing no moving parts in the gas passage; it is independent of fluctuations i-n pressure and temperature of the gas, and capable, of measuring gas or air at either high or low pressures or temperatures. The electrical energy required is about one kilowatt per 50.000 cubic feet hourly capacity at the pressures ordinarily used in gas mains. •» LUBRICATION BY THE USE OF MICA. Putting down the friction looses in a plant is one of the difficult problems of the engineer. Needless to say the same kind of lubricants will not answer equally well for all kinds of bear- ings. A high-speed bearing, with high pressures, requires a very different oil from a sLw-running bearing carrying a high pressure, and for other places other lubricants are better than any oil. A hot journal i; a bugbear which every engineer dreads, and a supply of mica flake lubricant has in many cases proved a cheap insurance against loss of time ar.d products due to '-1—- cause. A li't'e of the mica fbke mixed with oil or grr-r-se 8.:1:1 used all the time has been found to ait down the cost of lubrication materially. The flake- enters the cracks and pits which may appear in .the rubbing surfaces, and fills them to a smooth, even surface, thus giving a degree of smo: thness of running not obtainable when the surfaces < f the metals themselves are in contact. It is absolutely cle,-iiilv, and no abrasion of metal takes rl ce when it is used. Only a little of the flake is needed, three to six ounces in a gallon of oil being plenty, so that the cost is very small. The mica is so light that it will be carried in suspension by the oil, or it may be applied absolutely dry, but in this case a very small quantity should be sprinkled on the bearing after the oil is applied. For use with grease, one part mica flake to three parts grease is the proportion recommended. Tests made by the Mechanical Department of Armour Institute of Technology showed that with the addition of five per cent, of mica to a lubricating oil, the pressure could be doubled without heat- i'ig of the bearing, and the oil would last nearly four times as long as when used alone. • » THE COLDEST REGION OF THE ATMOSPHERE. The decrease in the temperature of the air with increasing iltittide-e-xeTi)pli,ied in the fact that the top of a mountain is colder than its base-is a matter of common knowledge. It is a fact that occasional inversions of this distribu- tion of temperature may occur—as when fruit- trees in a valley bottom are nipped by a frost that does not touch the hill-tops; but it remains true, in general, that the temperature of the air decreases upward, and that the air at great alti- tudes is extremely cold compared with that at the surface of the earth. Until Teisserenc de Bort announced his discovery of the isothermal layer, eight years ago, it was not suspected that this decrease of temperature did not extend up- ward to the limits of the atmosphere. Now, however, we know that at a certain altitude, averaging in middle latitudes, about 11,000 metres (seven-miles), the fall in temperature with increasing altitude, ceases rather abruptly, usually giving place to a rise of temperature for a certain distance upwaid, above which the tem- perature remains approximately constant as far as the highest ascents of sounding-balloons have carried thermometric apparatus. Hence, above any given spot on the earth's surface the air is coldest just below the region of the upper inver- sion, which marks the beginning of the great isothermal layer (or, as it is now called by its discoverer, the stratosphere "). The altitude of the isothermal layer varies with the baro- metric pressure at the earth's surface, with the season, and especially with the latitude. It is somewhat less over the Poles than over middle latitudes, and very much greater over Equatorial regions than anywhere else in the world. In other words, the decrease of temperature with altitude continues to a much greater height within the tiopic than elsewhere, and this ex- plains the fact that the lowest temperature ever registered in the atmosphere was met with almost exactly over the Equator, viz., 84.3 degrees almost exactly over the Equator, viz., 84.3 degrees C. (119.7degrees E.), at an altitude of 19,300 metres (about 12 miles), at Shirati, on Victoria Nvanza, August 30th, 1908. This was one of the many interesting results of the remarkable series of sounding-balloon ascensions executed in Equatorial Africa by the expedition under TBeson and Elias, sent out by the Royal Observatory of Lindenberg, the complete report of which has just been published by the ob.,seri-atory.- H Scientific American." ¡

3P. READING, GOLDSMITH, and JEWELLER, dMXSSTJSXI. xxousxs, 137, UPPER MOSTYN STREET peoiali:ies in Ambsr, Amethyst and Mourning Jewellery, Walking Sticks, See. FIRST CLASS REPAIRS. REASONABLE CHARGEES ESTABLISHED 1883.

Visit of the Manchester Field, Naturalists & Archaeologist's Society to Llandudno. EXCURSION TO THE GREAT ORME: UNDER THE AUSPICES OF' THE, LLANDUDNO FIELD CLUB. STRONG PROTESTS AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BRITISH CAMP ON PENMAENMAWR. On Friday last a large party, number- ing just over a hundred, of the members of the above; Society, paid a- week-end visit- to Llandudno, staying at Craigiside Hydro. The President of the Society, Sir William H. Bailey, accompanied them and the party was under the leadership of Mr J. Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne, and Mr J. Lunt, the secretary. Earlier in the week the secretary had written to the secretaries of the Llandudno Field Club, Mr L. S. Underwood and Mr W. Bezant Lowe, stating that he had. seen an account in a Rhyl paper of the excursion of the Llan- dudno Society to Trefriw, and inquiring; if such a programme could be arranged for the members of the Manchester Society. As the boats had ceased running, this was impossible, but the Llandudno Club's Secretaries suggested an excursion to the Z)n camp on Conway town mountains or to the Great Orme. At dinner on Friday even- ing; at the Craigiside Hydro, to which Mr Underwood and Mr Lowe were invited, the two suggestions were put to the mem- bers, and it was decided that a visit should be paid to the Great Orme on Saturday, meeting at the Pier Gates at 10 30 In the course of his remarks on Friday evening, Mr W. Bezant Lowe called the attention of the members of the Man- chester .Society to the destruction of the famous old British fort on Penmaenmawr mountain by quarrying operations, and earnestly impressed upon his audience the urgent importance of taking united steps for the preservation of this famous ruin. Unless this were, done soon, nothing would left to preserve, and Mr Lowe hoped that every member would make, tlr's known to his friends throughout Lancashire, so as to arouse such an interest in the matter that would compel steps to be taken to prevent this destruction. This suggestion was warmly received by the members present On Saturday morning a ilarge party met Mr Underwood and Mr Lowe as arranged at the Pier Gates at 10 3,0, and proceeded at once to view the camp on the Great Orme, known as Pen Dinas. During a tD halt on the way up Mr Lowe gave, a short description of the geological structure of the Great and Little Ormes Heads, ex- plaining; that they were formed of carboni- z;' fiercus limestone which extended along the coast towards Rhyl, forming the pro- montory of Penmaenrhos and the- hills at the back of Llandulas and Abergele and skirting! the Clwyd Valley. Mr Lowe also pointed out how the bedding of the 'lime- stone on the Great Orme wa.s not horizontal! but inclined. On reaching Pen Dinas Mr Underwood explained the position of the camp, show- ing the traces of walling which remained and how the ancient inhabitant only forti- fied those parts which were liable to at- tack, as there were no walls on the pre- cipitous parts. Some very good examples ¡ of circular huts (cyttiau gwyddelod) were also shown, which served as dwelling places for the easier inhabitants; stones were fixed in a circle of from 1.5 to 20 ft. in diameter, and these were banked up with earth; a pole was fixed in the centre, and from these were fastened trunks of trees outwards to the inclosing' ring, and these in turn covered with gorse, bracken or any other matenial that, came, to hand. The crofter's huts in Skye and huts in the West of Ireland were the modern repre- sentatives of these ancient dwellings. T!he party then walked on to the Rock- ing Stone, and thence to the noted Great n Orme Cromlech, or Dolmen. By the kind- ness of Mr Humphreys, F.R.I.B.A., the members were allowed to view this at a reduced charge. Mr Lowe then gave a brief sketch of the history of these, ancient burial places. In the course of his remarks, he pointed out that the cromlech or sephulchrati chamber was used to receive the dead, whereas the tumulus was a mound formed to cover up the dead. One side of the chamber in the cromlech was usually left open so that the, dead could be carried, in through this, and inside they were frequently placed in a sitting( position; it was quite possible that these chambers were used for successive burials; such chambers were of great antiquity and dated back to the Neolithic or New Stone Ag;e. With the advent of the Bronze Age, cremation be- gan to be resorted to, and after the body was burnt the ashes were covered up with stones or earth, thus forming: the tumulus. Very frequently these tumuli were opened and a, second or third burial took place. The ashes were sometimes placed on a slaib of stone and covered with an urn, or were placed in the urn itself and asso- ciated with these were objects used by the person whi':e living. As time was press- ing the excursion to the Bishop's Quarry had to be left out, but Mr Lowe made a few remarks on the copper mine cf the Great Orme's Head, which dated back to the time of the Romans. The party then descended to the town and proceeded by tram to the Cra gsicle Hydro for lunch.

POSTAL INFORMATION. Hours of Business. Week IHiik Days Holidays am p in am pm Sale of Postage Stamps, &c., Registration of Leiters and other postal packets .7 0 to 9 0 7 0 to 9 0 t Parcel Post busines, Inland, Foreign and Colonial 7 0 to 9 0 7 0 to 9 0 JPostal Order Business, noon issues and payments 7 0 to 9 0 7 0 to 12 0 J Money Order it Savings Bankbusiness. 8 0 to 8 0 8 0 to 12 0 JG-overr oient Stock, An- nuity and Insurance business 8 0 to 8 0 8 0 to 12 0 flssue of Inland Revenue Licences and Sale of In- land Revenue Stamps 8 0 to 8 0 8 0 to 2 0 ^Express Delivery busi- ness, outward service 7 0 to 9 0 7 0 to 9 0 INo Sunday business. Express Delivery business, Local Messengern Service 8 0 to 9 0 8 0 to 9 0 Telegraph business 8 0 to 9 0 8 0 to 9 0 Telephone business 8 0 to 9 0 8 0 to 9 0 Inward Mails. LETTERS. Hour of Town Delivery Night Mail from all parts 7 0 a.m. From London and the South, Bangor, Birmingham, Carnarvon, Chester, Con- way, Crewe, Liverpool, Manchester, Bettwsycoed, Blaenau Festiniog, De- ganwy, Llanrwst 12 30 pm From London and the South, Birmingham, Chester, Liverpool, Manchester, Wales, West of England and Ireland 3 Opm From Bangor, Birmingham, Chester, Liverpool, Manchester North Wales and Midland Counties generally 5 Op m During July, August and September the delivery commences at 5 a) 1) 111 PARCELS. Night Mail froP-l all parts 7 0am From London and the South, Bangor, Chester, Liverpool, Manchester, and Deganwy 12 30 pm From London and the South of England, Birmingham, Chester, Liverpool, and Manchester. J3 0 pm From London, Chester, Liverpool, Man- chester and towns in North Wales 5 m During July, August, and September the delivery commences at 5 3 0 P m ISuspended on Wednesdays October to May. Letters and parcels may be posced for each delivery up to 10 minute before the hour of commencement. Parcels intended for the first delivery should by posted overnight. On Christmas Day, Good Friday, and Bank Holidays there is only one delivery, and on Sundays one delivery of letters only at 7 a.m. Outward Mails- On Bank Holidays only the Mails marked with an* aie dispatched on Sundays, Good Fridays and Christ- mas Day only the Mails marked t are despatched. Letters. Parcels Conway, Bet twsj coed, Dci- wyddetan, Llanrwst, Taly- cafn. Trefriw .3 0 a.m. 9 0 p.m Deganwy, Tywyn, Llanrhos. Penrhynside Õ 50 am 9 0 P.111 t Llandudno Town Delivery 6 50 a.m. 9 0 p.m London, South of England North Wales, Chester ? 40 am. 8 4.0 a.m Deganwy 9 id a.m North of England, N orih Wales. Crewe,Liverp"ol Manchestei-, Dei by, Leicester. Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh 9 35 am. — Ireland 10 45 am. — London, South of England,Lan- cashire, Yorkshire, Birming- ham, Chester and N. Wales It "25 a.m. — L andudno Tow n Delivery 12 v p.m. 12 2u pin Bangor, Conway, Carnarvon, Bettwsycoed, Birmingham, Chester, Holywell, Liverpool Manchester, Llanrwst, Rhyl, Eastern Counties, and Wet of England 1 0 p.m. 1 0 p.m Deganwy, Tywyn & Llanrhos 2 3'J „ 2 3 1 „ Llandudno Town Delivery 2 50 2 50 Chester,Colwyn Bay, Liverpool 255 — Llandudno Town Delivory and Penrhynside 4 50" 4 50 Manchester (r lief night mail) 5 40 — Bangor aud Deganwy 54f) 5 10 „ American Mail, Saturdays only 7 5 — *tNight MHil to all paris of the United Kingdom 8 30 „ 8 30 Extra Ici. 850 — Bang-tr and Atiglesea 9 39 „ 8 30 London, Birmingham, Liver- pool, Manchester. Chester, North & South of Engiand, North Walei It 45 „ 8 Sundays. Office open 8 30 to 10 a m. for Sale of Stamps, Regist: rati,,n of Letters, Lt-c., Express Delivery, a nci Telegraph and Telephone business. Christmas Day and Good Friday service3 as on Sundays.

Hra For Printing that MS n wili WW q Catch the ffl D Eye D D a HI Try the ni IN Advertiser Office, Eg La Telephone 20x, e. Bowdage, Market Front, Gloddaeth Street, Llandudno. FOR (thickens & D cks, I (EJame in Season, Rabbits and Pigeons Fresh Supplies Daily Poultry Farms. From the Leading