The North Wales Weekly News

WALES AND SOCIALISM. WE HAVE received a copy of the current num- ber of The .Socialist Review," in which Mr. E. Morgan Humphreys writes an interesting but scarcely convinicing article on Socialism and Welsh Nationality." The article is interesting because of the way in which the writer sets forth his views it iSlulilconvincing because it takes a great deal too much for granted. It may be true, as he says, that Many SocialistiSl look to Wales to take the first and greatest step forward towards the practical Socialist state, possibly be- cause Wales has for many years sent an un- broken progressive representation tOo Parliament, and also because Socialism, p■ur et simple, has made ;great stridfes of late in great industrial] dis- tricts of South Wales." But if this truly sets forth the hopes of the Socialist leaders in. Eng- land, they are doomed to disappointment. While i is the case that Wales has not la single Con- servative Member in. the House of Commons, it is also the case that Wales has only one. Socialist Member 'at St. Stephen's, in the person of Mr. Keir Hardie, and all real Welsh patriots hope that even this solitary specimen of the order may be "fired" at the forthcoming General Election. The Labour Members for South Wales, like Mabon, Brace, and Richards, are not Social- ists and were not returned to Parliament as such. All the other Welsh Members are avowed 'Liberals, who have no connection with the ISo,cialist party. On the other hand, it is quite true that in South Wales there has been a con- siderable increase in the number of Socialists amongst the colliers and ironworkers, but they are chiefly Englishmen, and not representative of the political attitude of the Welsh people. The fact is that the typical Welshman, whilst an ardent social reformer, is. not a Socialist, but a convinced Individualist, and there is nothing inconsistent in his position. In order to be a social reformer ,it is not necessary to be a Soci- alist. It is well to bear these considerations in mind when; taking up Mr. Humphreys' article, more especially as he is concerned to show how Welsh 'Nationalists may be won over to Social- ism, and what mistakes the Socialist leaders have hitherto made in their attempts to' convert the Welsh inhabitants of the Principality. Englishmen," he says, "'are, as a rule., pro- foundly ignorant of Wales and Welshmen Wales is strongly conservative and the point he wishes to emphasize is that now we are Liberals it will not be easy to persuade us to let go our hold upon our Liberalism, that was the faith of our fathers. We are as con- servative in our (Liberalism as we are in our Nonconformity." And now we come to the mis- takes which Socialist speakers succeed in making when (they visit Wales. They are ignorant of the history of the country, they are ignorant of the language, and they persist in thinking the Welsh an emotional people." In other words, if the Socialist propaganda is to make any head- way in Wales it must .recognise Welsh national- ity and use the Welsh language. But while this is true of every movement im Wales, the, recogni- tion of that truth is not a guarantee of success. A commercial traveller, hopeful of gaining cus- tomers in a new town, may make, elaborate plans for humouring local prejudices and pecu- liarities, but erven then he may not succeed in securing orders unless he has a really good article to sell. And this applies equally to Socialism or any other movement. The most elaborate precautions for avoiding the mistake of hurting local susceptibilities cannot secure Welsh converts to Socialism unless the article itself iis good and worthy of acceptance, and even if success is gained in one quarter there is no hope of winning the whole pountry unless the one sample can commend itself to public support. The Socialists won Merthyr Tydfil, but Wales as a whole is by now sick and tired of Keir Hardie and all his works. The very reasons why Socialism has not made headway in Wales in the past and cannot do so in the present and future) are faithfully set forth in the article be- fore us. The neglect of the national language is fatal, and so is the neglect of the Welshman's love of the Bible and of religion. With neither Welsh speakers nor religious speakers the move- ment is without hope in Wales. The Welsh people are intensely religious, and they have no sympathy with the Atheism and Infidelity so blatantly preached by advocates of Socialism. In dealing with the special characteristics of the Welsh democracy, Mr. Humphreys, is guilty of insulting and misrepresenting his native land. The English patriotism towards King and Flag," he says, hardly enters into a Welsh- man's thoughts at all. We are satisfied with the connection with Scotand, Ireland, and England, because we feel that so it is best for all practical purposes, and that is all. We have no senti- mental ideas about royalty. We sing Hen WLad fy Nhadaju,' and rarely God save the King,' except as a matter of courtesy. Even the Union Jack, so prominent on Empire Day, awakes no feeling of pride and devotion in the Welshman, outside the ranks of curates and vicars." This statement is as wrong and as untrue as it is daring, and it is a statement which every patriotic Welshman will resent While they love their native land, the Welsh people of Wales are loya, to the British Crown, and in no part of the, country can be found a Wronger or more deep-seated love for the British Empire, an Empire which so many emi- nent Welshmen have assisted in, building up. In conclusion, Mr. Humphreys enjoins upon his English brothers the qualities of wisdom," caution, and tact." These are very good things in themselves, but they are useless unless com- bined with a desire for accuracy and under- standing. Wisdom, caution, and tact may carry a movement a long way forward in spite of its inherent weakness, but directly the truth is known, as it must be known sooner or later, it will be driven back, never more to raise its head. Some of the Welsh people may for the time be cajoled into accepting Socialism by re- course to the sophistical methods advocated by Mr. Humphreys but something very much more is wanted to ensure success. Welsh people are prepared to judge Socialism on its own merits.

PERSONAL AND SOCIAL. The trustees of the Richard Owen Scholar- ship, which is one of the scholarships tenable at the North Wales University College, but awarded by external bodies, have awarded a scholarship, of the value of £3° annually, ten- able for three years at the University College, Bangor, to Mr Gwilym Peris Williams, a pupil of the Grove Park County School, Wrexham (son of the Rev. R. Peris Williams, Wrexham, an dformerly of Llandudno), upon the result oil the recent entrance scholarship examination. The death occurred at the Rectory, Bangor- Isycoed, on Thursday night, after an illness of five weeks, iof Mrs Bisset, wife, of the Rev. M. Elringtoin Bisset, the Rector of Biangor-Isycoed, and youngest daughter of Colonel and the Hon. Mrs Tottenham, of Woodstock, co. Wicklow, and Plas Berwyn.

SAYINGS OF THE WEEK. PROF. BERLERSCH VALENDAS. Living in towns, gives people an inartistic facial expres,sion.At Port Sunlight. it MR. J. S. NETTLEFOLD. Life devoid of beauty is mere animal exist- ence.—At Birmingham. THE MAYOR OF SCARBOROUGH, There is as much cruelty in big women riding donkeys as in boys beating them, and I wish there was a law to stop it.—At Scarborough. MR. W. H. LEVER, M.P. I am always sorry for the man. who does not pass the) whole of his life in business.—At the Town-Planning Conference. THE MASTER OF PETERHOUSE. The younger generation of the present day ire better-mannered, which I attribute very largely to the more frequent association of the present- day young men with the members of the other ,sex.-At Bury St. Edmunds. )11188

Fire at Llandudno Junction. BOY SCOUTS ASSIST BRIGADE. Considerable excitement was caused on Thursday evening in the vicinity of Llandudno Junction by an alarm of fire. The fire was found to have broken out in a stable belonging to Mr. John Hughes, wheelwright and coachbuilder, whose premises adjoin the L. & N.W. Railway Station. As soon as the alarm was given the hose cart belonging to the Conway Corporation was im- mediately turned out, and was quickly followed bv the fire engine, the brigade being under the command of the Chief Officer (Mr. Delamotte), who is to be congratulated upon the promptitude of all concerned. On arriving at the scene some little inconven- ience was experienced in getting at the hydrant, which is within the area of the Conway Rural District Council but when the difficulty was overcome a good supply was obtained. The efforts of the brigade were, however, somewhat counteracted for some time owing to the amount of oil and varnish on a portion of the premises which floated on the water and was very difficult to extinguish. In addition to the Conway Fire Brigade, the Railway Company's fire corps from the station were of great assistance, while a number of Boy Scouts who arrived on the scene gave invaluable assistance, and their coolness and discipline greatly added to their usefulness. At the time of the out- break four horses were in the stables, and despite every effort only three of these were recovered alive, the fourth, which belonged to Mr. Peak, being suffocated and burnt to death. Owing to the efforts of the brigade and helpers a large shed containing carts, &c., and other buildings, were saved, but the stable and workshop and a room once used for public meetings were gutted. A number of people watched the progress of the fire from the railway platform, while passengers going through the station also had a good view. After some hours work the Conway Brigade returned, leaving a few men to deal with any possible danger from the smouldering mass. The cause of the fire is at present unknown.

'II During the last few years the scope of Eistedd- fodau in Wales has extended enormously. Originalily they (were confined principally to singing and literature, but brassl band competi- tions, bread-making competitions millinery com- petitions, to name only a few, fhave been intro- duced. The latest and probably the most origin- al was the competition at an eisteddfod held in connection with Llanllecihid Parish Church on Saturday, in which the, competitors, members of the congregation, had to .shear a number of sheep.

WEEK B Y WEEK. A motorist wh") tried to 3nake some ladies flesh creep" has just been fined at Corwen. He said he askel the ladies if they were neivous and iiished the car round the corner to test their nerves." Perhaps others who rush cars round corners will bear this item in mind. Wales has now its national university, its national footbali (Association) cup, national agricultural iho.v, national dog how, and na- tional hockey, draughts, chess, and swimming associations. The Welsh N,altional Guards are to come. Some Welsli iiieti-ibers were sympathising with Mr. John Burns over the treatment of the Town Planning Bill in the House of Lords. It's all right,'• said Ax. Rums; "they have'nt damaged it much yet. As a mattei of fact, they have merely performed an operation oin, the ap- pendix the heart and -he stomach are all light." Please send a niani to attend to our gas, it is so bad we can hardly see to tell the truth," ran the unpunctuated contents of a post-card delivered at a local gasworks last week. Of course, (the addressee meant: "To tell you the truth, we can hardly see," but the gasworks manage rushed off a fitter in fear that delay might lead to a perversion of the truth. Is there anything new under the sun2 In 1660 the Royal Society prophesied that men with wings would fly from the Tower to the Abbey, and that double-keeled, ships: would never founder in the fiercest storm In the Annus Miribilis Dryden sang that the Royal Society would lead us to the verge of the globe, and there delight us with a better view of the moon. Is Robert Dale Owen's daughter still alive? She was the grand-daughter of Robert Owen, the great Socialist pioneer of his day. On the death of Laurence Oliphant's first wife he married Rosamund Owen, and after his own death, in 1388, she married an American gentleman named Templeitlon, who later died at sea. Mrs. "fempleton (nee Owen) was born in. one of the Socialist" colonies." A descriptive writer paints a picture of an all- night sitting in the House. Of Mr. Lloyd George "tie siv-, His black frock-coat seemed to cover a framework of tired wires. His collar got crumpled and"the tie worked loose, and1 his hair rat-tailed. His face became hollow-eyed, wtvte, ,u<d drawn. But not cnce did the Chan- cellor shut his eyes, and at times his energy was galvanic." The earliest references -to, Celtic races in, his- tory point to the fact that war and not love was their prevailing fashion, and not infrequently the wOlm:mfo']< urged them on to battle by their cries, aiding, ind encouraging them, while checking their tenderer emotions. In these days the descendants of those i find vent in suffragetiting. Death sentences were once fearfully common. For instance, at the great sessions held in the various Welsh counties this time ninety years ago the list of prisoners thus sentenced included a man and woman at Brecon or sh :ep-stealing a man at Cardigan for robbery, and two people at Maenclochog for burglary and felony. In some parts of Wales the good old punish- ment of the stocks lingered on, into the recollec- tion oil many people still, living. For instance we read in a paper of September, 1859, that to see people in the stocks was of almost daily occurrence at Neath. One incorrigible boozer was placed there, and! after six hours' confine- ment declared he had been cured of his in- temperate habits." "Arid," adds the paper, he instantly signed the pledge, and has kept it rigidly ever since." Roderic Lloyd, prothonotary of North Wales and) a relative of Sir John Trevor's, being near- sighted, one evening being obs.tracted- in the street, drew his sword and plunged it against his antagonist, ho immediately fell. IS The choleric Welsh gentleman then fled and took refuge in a co il-hole at the house of Sir John, then Master of the Rolls A faithful valet was sent out to make inquiries as to who had been slaughtered, and discovered on the ispot a de- cayed and .fallen pump, with Mr. Lloyd's sword sticking in it. A London piper makes this comment on a .Welsh incident:—" When you are the sheriff of your county and ask the county to the custom- ary assize luncheon, it is well that, if you Drefer giving a donation to the local infirmary to giv- ing your guests wine, you should advise them of this beforehand. This the sheriff of a Welsh county has duly done, and the county is thus at liberty to adopt its own attitude both towards the luncheon and the donation. If it is of the specialist's mind about alchohol, it will approve of the donatioin none itlhe less; but it may not be of the specialist's mind and approve of the donation none the less. In that case, the sheriff will supply the luncheon, and the county will supply the wine; the infirmary will be bene- fitted, and the sheriff will know better next time Captain Pritchard, of the record-breaking C'inarder Man,tetania, vas the other day talk- ing f) a group of his passengers. "All of us," he remarked, have our customs. We Welsh have certain customs, you Americans have oer- tain otheis.id if ours seem strange to you- why, yours seem strange to us. Strangest of all were the customs of a young Abyssinian Prince who once ailed with me. The passengers liked the young man, and at the end of the voyage they arranged a dinner in his honour at Claridge's, in London. It was a smart dinner —orchids and champagne no end-burt the Prince never turned up. Reproached next morning by the chairman of the committee who asked -ili.dignanitly why he had not come to the din.er, the Prince answered simply and calm- ly, I was not hungry." A remarkable pre-hction regarding the Menai Suspension Bridge is said' to. have been made by one of the old Welsh bards, whose verse was thus translated many years ago — So shall the Tritons in their floating shells See future magic, by her happier spells, Raise the tall pier. extend the graceful bow, And smile at dangers that may lurk below, Pasg o'er the tempest where it rages—roars, And bid a new Rialto bind tihe shores. The lines are referred to. one Llwyd, whoever hQ. may be and some very similar sentiments occur m the poems of Richard Lhvyd, who lived after the bridge was made. But his verses look as though adapted from an. earlier source. What is that source? One who is described as a promising young merchant brought home one day a handsome piano lamp. A few weeks afterwards he over- heard his wife giving directions to the maid in respect of the disposition of the drawing-room, in anticipation, of the advent of a few friends who were coming that evening. She concluded her remarks with the words., And put Mr Wright upon the piano." Taking his wife aside, he inquired the meaning of those strange words. "Oh," she replied, that is the piano lamp." c. And why." he asked, have you done me the honour to name it after me?" Well, dear," she explained, you see it has a good deal 01 brass about it, it is very handsome to look at, requires a good deal of attention, is very bril- liant, is sometimes, unsteady on its. legs, liable to explode when only half full, flares up oeca- sionally, is always out at bedtime, and smokes too much."

A Delightful Book. Art in Great Britain and Ireland. By Sir Walter Armstrong. London: William Heinemann. Pp. 332, with 600 illustrations. 6s. net. A fascinating bodk on a fascinating subject. Sir Walter Armstrong has treated what some people erroneously regard as a dry subject in a most refreshing manner, and I lay down his competent review with a feeling of regret that it is not considerably longer. Although neither an artist nor an art critic, I find pleasure in perusing these pages because of the interest they possess for me as an art-lover, as one who is interested in archaeology, and as a Welshman who is proud of the contribution which his native land has made to the art treasures of the world. From all these noints of view the book before me is full of charms and attraction. Here we see what our artists in stone and paint and metals have done, the influences which have produced one change after the other in motive and method, and here we are taught to understand the circumstances which brought into being the grand memorials of other times, which we of the present day can only look upon with wonder and reverence. Sir Walter Armstrong writes as one having authority, and it is a supreme delight to receive instruction from a teacher who can make hi subject interesting to all. It is not my purpose to attempt a review of this masterly work my only object, here is to indicate, in the first place, why it makes such a strong appeal to myself, and, in the second place, what an agreeable field of study it offers to the people of North Wales. Sir Walter Armstrong, unlike some other authorities, sees in Stonehenge the earliest monument to. which we can point in these islands as showing any trace of aesthetic ambition he passes over such remains of the Stone Age as the rudei drawing of a horse on a fragment of rib which has been found in the Cresswell Crags on the borders of Nottinghamshire and Derby- shire. True, he refers to the cromlechs, dol- mens, and menhirs (which latter we in Wales know as meini hjrion," or long stones "), but he places these; in a different category from the stones at Stonehenge, because the latter blocks are not rough, but hewn, and their disposition shows a feeling for symmetry and artistic subordination which may almost be called cultivated." For the same reason, pre- sumably, no notice is taken of the stone circle of Avebury, although it was undoubtedly erected for the same purpose as that of Stonehenge. The Avebury circle consists of "unworked upright stones," whereas, according to Sir William Arm- strong, the blocks of Stonehenge are not rough, but hewn." Now this raises a very interesting question Is the Stonehenge circle a Druidical temple, as is sometimes claimed, and has it any relation to the Gorsedd circle of the ancient Welsh bards? There are many people who would be ready to answer in the affirmative, but they must be wrong if the description given by Sir Walter Armstrong is correct, for the simple reason that the laws of the bards, as handed down to the present time, demand that their Gorsedd circles shall be composed of rough and unhewn stones. On the other hand, it is quite possible, and even probable, that even if the Druids did erect the circle of Stonehenge, it was to serve a very different purpose from that of the Gorsedd circle. From this the author, after a survey of the Bronze Age, passes to the ques- tion Who were the Celts? which he answers in an exceedingly interesting manner. As is now generally known, the Celts were preceded in this country by the Iberians. The Iberian wave of nations," says Mr. Owen M. Edwards, ad- vanced, possibly, along the northern shore of the Mediterranean," it was, perhaps, not; the first wave of people which flowed over Wales. The Iberian was short, dark, long-skulled. He had no iron implements, but his ground and polished flint weapons—arrow-heads, axgs, and knives—.show that, in stone, he was a deft and proficient worker. His sepulchre—the long barrow which can, still be seen-was fashioned on the model of his dwelling it is, possibly, the dwelling left, with the dead man in posses- sion of his own. The Iberian is still the chief element among the people of Wales. He pre- dominates everywhere among the peasantry, he is generally the poet of the present day." The 'Celt," Mr. 0. M. Edwards proceeds, and Sir William Armstrong takes the same view, was a great contrast to the Iberian. He came, pro- bably, from a colder home; the two. Celtic waves, the Brythonic and the Gordelic, are supposed to have come along the southern edge of the great northern plain of Europe. The new-comer was tall, blue-eyed, and fair-haired. He was a mighty hunter and, a conqueror and he settledl down side by side with the .Iberians he had subdued, as a master ruling over slaves. The mediaeval prince was a Celt; in Welsh literature, down almost to modern times, the poet's lady love is a blonde—her hair is like yellow brown or a shower of gold or the distant fires which consume the mountain heather." Then comes a passage from the same pen which has a particularly direct bearing upon the sub- ject under notice-" The Celt had weapons of bronze and of iron, and this explains the thoroughness of the Celtic conquest." From these three people, the Iberians, the Goidelis Celts, and the Brythonic Celts (now represented by the Celtic Welsh, the Cornishmen, and the Bretons) have been handed down .many examples of artistic design and work, among which we would like to refer to the gold torque from Ire- land which is pictured in the volume under pe. view. It was, no doubt, from this specimen of ancient art that Sir Hubert Herkomer got his design of the gold torkue now worn by the Archdruid of Wales, which was recently used at the Eisteddfod proclamation ceremony at Col- wyn Bay. A very large number of examples of primitive art in the British Isles, notably those in irelaiitd, which make a visit to that country a veritable education in art. are dealt with in a most readable manner in the book before us, and 'the numerous illustrations serve to enhance the value of the text. We are next introduced to Anglo-,saxon art, and we learn how Saxoin building was affected by Roman example and by Celtic tradition. When compared with the Celt, the Saxon was poor in aesthetic gifts and inclinations." The

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Methodism in Brittany. To THE EDITOR OF THE Weekly News. Sir,—In answer to a letter of the Rev. Father Trebaol, O.M.I., under the above heading, 1 beg to say that I have neither the time nor the disposition for quibbling. If he does not under- stand1 Welsh, it is not my fault: if he hears badly, it is his misfortune. I made a statement of fact; he replies by giying his experience. My statement was that at one time when I had more leisure than II .have to-day I used often to go to the Cathedral at Quimper, and that for many years (inof for 20 years, as he 'says) I at- tended the special services held there during Lent, &c., and that I never heard a sermoi, on the person (and work) of Jesus Christ, but had heard a great number on the Church, on the Vir- gin Mar}-, on St. Joseph, on purgatory, on th.' confessional, &c. I added that on one occasion 1 heard a special preacher take the text, St. Jean xiii. i, but that he at once deviated from the subject, and expatiated on. the agonies of the Virgin,, who suffered still more than the divine Son as a mother suffers1 when watching at the bedside of her sick child. I may add that it is not the only time for me to read or hear such monstrous teaching. We might expect that on such special occasions, the great doctrine of the work of our Saviour should find its place on the list. I dare make the statement that I never, never heard one, because it is a fact. As to whalt I said about priests, let him inter- rogate those who heard what I said before he, as it appears, entered the, room. I made it plain that I discard controversy in my work, and that in exposing, principles I think it my duty 1,P not to speak of persons that I have great re- spect for certain priests who exert themselves in elevating the people, and spend their lives in the work of purifying society. Moreover, I repudi- ated tthe use of any unfair means on the part of Protestants against Romanism, saying that per- secution of any kind was contrary to our prin- ciples, and spoke at length on the' necessity of truth engaging in a fair fight with error, as we do not believe in granting liberty simply to what is .good," refusing to error the right of speech. Such a vague statement as that the Breton Romain Catholics do not believe in our Lord Jesus Christ is not mine. I might say, but did not, they are often taught to implore the pro- 1 tection of the Virgin against the wrath of her Son, and that she stays the hand oi her Son ready to strike a ,sinful world. Prayer to the Virgin is more common than prayer to Jesus Christ, the Virgin holding a greater place in the minds of the people than the Triune .God. I gave the results of twenty-seven years' observa- tion, and in few would care to question that: statement the subtle distinctions concern- ing worship found in theological treatises are non-existent to the simple mind. I -shall be most happy to give publicity to any effort made by the Romish Church to propagate pr the word of God among the people, the only efficient way of dissipating ignorance. and superstition "—but I fear wie shall have to wait yet for 'some time. The other side, we know well. Apologising for troubling you with such a long letter, I have only to add that if it is to the taste of the Rev. Father Trebaol to court pub- licity and advertise himself;, I find' I have other occupations, and shall not trouble you further.— ours, &c., W. JKNKYX TOES" 16, Faulkner-street, Liverpool.

New Life-boat for the Denbighshire Coast. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution, has sent to, Llanddulas a new lifeboat to replace the one stationed there by the institution manv vears ago. The new lifeboat, built by the Thames Ironworks Company, its of the Liverpool type, 36ft. long, with 9ft. beam. She rows 12I oars, and is fitted with two, water-ballast tanks and two drop-keels. A new transporting carriage has been supplied in order that the boat may be transported and launched as rapidly as possible. The new lifeboat is rnamed the" Brotiher and Sister," ,as desired by the late Miss Louisa B. Courtenay, who generously bequeathed a.sum of money too the Institution for a lifeboat to bear- this name. The Committee of Management are much indebted to he Local Committee and to Mr. B. H. Jones, (the .Honorary Secretary, for their co-operation in the management of the lifeboat at Llanddulas. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution has now 281 lifeboats under its management, and not a winter passes with. out some of these boiajts rendering good service in saving life from shipwreck. Contributions in aid of the Institution will be glady received bv all the bankers in the United Kingdom, by the several local Honorary Secretaries, and by Chas. Dibdin, Esq., the Secretary of the Institution, 22, iGharing Gross-roiad, London.

A proui Cardiff mother was showing her baby boy to an admiring neighbour. He has his papa's eyes." she explained, his mother's nose, his grandpa's chin, and his grandma's ears." That boy (the Western Niaili declares) :.vip grrw to be a Socialistic Chancellor cheouer. • v.? -*■

Saxon architect was succeeded by the Norman church-builders, whose glorious cathedrals, like those of Norwich and Durham, are enduring monuments to their skill. The story of the next development, Early English, or First Pointed, Gothic Architecture," is silently but eloquently told by such architectural masterpieces as Lincoln Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Salis- bury Cathedral, York Minster, Ely Cathedral, Wells Cathedral, Christ Church Cathedral (Ox- ford), Peterborough Cathedral, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Christ Church Cathedral (Dublin), Glasgow Cathedral, Beverly Minster, and other sanctuaries which are pictured and treated of here. We next have illustrated for us the period of Decorated, or Second-Pointed1, Gothic Archi- tecture," the work growing in interest as it pro- ceeds, and then we are introduced tOo Per- pendicular, or Third Pointed, Gothic Archi- tecture," the period to which belongs the mag- r,ii,ficent St. Giles' Church, Wrexham, which 13 among the many ecclesiastical buildings illus- trated. Incidentally, it may be permissible -to note that the author, for some reason which is not stated, but which may be none the less convincing on that account, does noit include in his survey of Gothic art the Edwardian, fortresses such as those of Caernarvon, Conway, Ludlow, Caer- philly, neaumaris. and Ha.riech. The Tudor Chaos is the suggestive title of the next period', a portion of national history which possesses a peculiar interest for the people of Wales. The last song of Gothic in Eng- land," the author observes, gradually died away between the accession of Henry VIII. in 1509 and the sudden creation of the English variety of Renaissance architecture by Inigo Jones rather more than a century later. Be- tween the latest achievements, of Perpendicular, as an organised system, and the earliest works of Jones, lay a sort of architectural whirlpool, in which fragments of Italian and German Renais- sance shouldered the wreckage of English Gothic and threw up that peculiar mixed style which has again been so effectively used during the last quarter of a. century." It is to this period, by the way, that the quaint old half-timbered houses of Cheshire and Lancashire belong, as well as Chirk Castle, Oswestry. 10ini this point I should like to ask one Ques- tion. Is the author correct in describing Mor- ton Old Hall as being in. Lancashire? And now we come to a chapter of even more absorbing interest to readers of the Weekly News." It is entitled "The English Renaissance -Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren." I am tempted tOo deal' at great length with this portion of the work, for reasons which will ap- peal to my readers. Inigo Jones was a native of Llanrwst, tand the bridge which spans the river Conway iill. the old market town is believed to have been designed by him. Of course, apart from that fact, the bridge is of no. particular architectural importance, but it serves to remind us of the great Welshman whose genius raised him to such a high place in the history of British art, that, in the words of one writer, he stands supreme among his contemporaries. S.r William Armstrong gives great prominence to the work and influence of Inigo Jones, and his descriptions of the great Welshman's archi- tectural designs are profusely illustrated. Blow- field's tribute to Inigo Jones is quoted: His extraordinary capacity is shown by the success with which he freed English architecture from the imbecilities of the German designers, and started it on a line of fresh development, bor- rowed, it is true, from Italy, yet so successfully adapted to English traditions, that it was at once accepted and followed by the best intelli- gence of the country for the next hundred and fifty years. His especial strength lay in his thorough mastery of proportion, his contempt for mere prettiness, and the Tare distinction of hia style. His own theory of architecture was that, in his own words, it should be solid, proportional according to the rules, masculine, and unaffected.' Nlo man, has ever more com- pletely realised his own ideal of his art." To this Sir Walter Armstrong adds: ."Jones had that final and most decisive mark of all great artists, that he could pour his own personality into his work so that, apart from all objective tests, it recommends itself by an individual ui-ilty of character which raises every project of his into the rank of a creation." The author -next treats of the work of Sir Christopher Wren, the designer of St. Paul's Cathedral. He wisely ignores the old conitroversy as to whether Inigo Jones or Christopher Wren were the greater genius. Neither does he touch upon that other point which was once the subject of dispute. whether it was Inigo Jones or his son-in-law and pupil, Jbhn Webb, who tdesigned Greenwich Hospital, but he shows his own, view of the matter by giving Jones the whole credit. The author commences the succeeding chapter entitled Followers of Jones and Wren," with the words Jones created a new dialect in Renaissance architecture, Wren gave it flexi- bility and completed its adaptation to English wants." This brings us to the period of such masterpieces as Somerset House, The Horse- guards, the Mansion House in London, Blenheim Castle, and the Customs House and' Bank of Ireland in Dublin. In the chapter on The Classic and Gothic Revivals we fiind ourselves on familiar ground, the illustrations including the Houses of Parlia- ment, St. George's Hall (Liverpool), the Great Hall off Penrhyn Castle, Manchester Town Hall, and many other examples of a very interesting period, when the inheritors of the tradition of Jones and Wren died out, and were succeeded by scholars and archaeologists in the classic movement which passed over the continent ot Europe at the end of the eighteenth century, destroyirug English architecture in its course. Roughly speaking, the full Gothic revival pre- vailed for about a generation. It was then chal- lenged by what was called Queen Anne," a style compounded of various features taken from Jones and Wren, their followers, and the archi- tects of Belgium and Holland. This new period, Modern Renaissance," has one local illustra- tion of great interest. This, is Kinmel Hall, de- signed by Nesfteld, the home of the Lord-Lieu- tenant of Flintshire and Lady Florentia Hughes. To this period belong such fine examples of architecture as The Waldorf Hotel, The Gaiety Theatre, and tne new,War Office. And even, now I have dealt with but one sec- rtion of 5ir Walter Armstrong's comprehensive work. In my next article I shall deal with his observations on such minor arts as Ironwork, Enamels, Stained Glass, .Needlework and Tapestry, Ivories, Illuminated Manuscripts, Etching, Engraving, and Mezzotints. The next sections are devoted to the' history of painting and sculpture from their origin up to the pre- sent time, and on all these fascinating subjects I hope to have the pleasure of making a few comments from the paint of view of the ama- teur lover of art. In the meantime, I would strongly urge my readers of. all classes to add this fascinating and authoritaitve volume to their bookshelves. G.