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FOREIGN LOTTERIES.
FOREIGN LOTTERIES. Lottery tickets in Spain are peddled every- where. In the street the small boys selling newspapers offer lottery tickets if one does not care to read. In the Spanish clubs and cafes there is great excitement after the report of the winning numbers is issued. Small boys run about the streets selling these reports in the same way they would sell newspapers. With the German lottery things are conducted more quietly. The tickets for the Government lotteries are sold in regular licensed stores, which do no other busi- ness.
THE DEAD SEA.
THE DEAD SEA. This remarkable lake, forty-six miles long and from five to nine miles wide, is situated in the south-east of Palestine, and known from the time of Jerome (340-420 A.D) as the" Dead" Sea, be- cause no fish of any kind have ever been found in its waters. Tts surface, which is lower than that of anv other body of water known, is 1,292ft. below the level of the Mediterranean. At its northern end it has a depth of about 1,300ft., while the water at its southern extremity is only from 3ft. to 12ft. deep. The Dead Sea is fed by the Jordan from the north, but has no outlet, the water being apparently carried off by evapo- ration. The water of the Dead Sea contains a large amount of the salts of magnesia and soda; as a consequence its specific gravity is high, and bathers float in it with ease. The popular notions that the Dead Sea exhales noxious vapours, and that birds cannot fly over its sur- face and remain unharmed, are not founded on fact.
FEET OF VARIOUS RACES.
FEET OF VARIOUS RACES. The French foot is meagre, narrow, and bony. The Spanish is ismall and elegantly curved—thanks to ita Moorish bloqd, corresponding with the Castili.an pride—"high in the instep." The Arab foot is proverbial for its high arch: '"a fit-ream can run under the hollow of it." The foot of the Soot is large and thick, the Irish foot flat and square, the English foot. short and fleshy. The American foot Is apt to be dispro- portionately small. +
ARCHITECTURAL HUMOUR.
ARCHITECTURAL HUMOUR. Up and down the country are to be found hundreds of examples of the humour of eccle- siastical architects of a past age, from the snarl- ing griffins worked into the stonework of Henry VII/s Chapel, Westminster Abbey, to the dun cow and milkmaids in Durham Cathedral. A cat playing a violin can be seen in Wells Cathedral; and in Hereford Cathedral two cats, apparently performing a, violin duet. Boston stump is crowded with fantastic carvings, among which may be mentioned a wife chastising her hus- band, a teacher caning a pupil, and an orchestra composed of bears playing an organ, a bagpipe, and a drum.
FLAGS AT HALF-MAST.
FLAGS AT HALF-MAST. Everyone knows when he sees a flag flown at half-mast that it is a sign of mourning, but few have any idea how the custom originated. It arises from the old naval rule that the sign of submission was the lowering of the flag by the vanquished. The lowering of the flag of the Sovereign ia the sad admission of his conquest by death.
TIN CANS AND THEIR USES.
TIN CANS AND THEIR USES. One million three hundred thousand one-gallon tin cans are annually required to export petro- leum from America, and the purposes for which these cans are used after the oil has been con- sumed are varied and peculiar. Thousands of the cans are used as water-buckets. The interior of a Malay, Tamil, or Chinese home contains American tin cans of all sizes and shapes, put to some useful purposes. Sieves are made by punc- turing holes. Thousands of dust-pans are made from the cans by removing one side, curving two sides, and attaching a large wooden handle. Bak- ing and cooking utensils of all kinds are also skilfully manufactured, and may be seen in thou- sands of homes. For storing articles of food against ant onslaughts the tin can is a blessing. Hundreds of men are engaged in manufacturing tin can funnels, pepper and salt castors, cocoanut and nutmeg graters, lamps, biscuit tins, tea and coffee-pots, ladles, mugs, cake patties, Chinese pipes, oil pumps, money-boxes, and, more extra- ordinary still, the framework for false teeth. So necessary has the American tin can become to these people, that to be deprived of its manifold uses would cause a real hardship.
< A BOTANICAL CURIOSITY.
< A BOTANICAL CURIOSITY. White in the shade, red in the sun, such is the twofold character that has given a name to the chameleon rose. At night or when it is carried into a dark room it assumes a wax-like white- ness. This does not occur abruptly, but the petals first pass through a bluish tint, which rapidly changes into a very pale rose, and finally ends by becoming the purest white. Then if it be taken into bright sunlight with the greatest rapidity it resumes the scarlet tint of the most brilliant peony. This horticultural phenomenon comes from Japan, that country oi magio gardens and wizard horticulturists.
THE PIRATES OF HONGKONG,
THE PIRATES OF HONGKONG, There are pirates in Hongkong. Not the usual kind that greets the gentle stranger with expansive smile and takes what he has for worthless rubbish; nor yet the petty thieves that go by that name on our own Z, water-fronts; but the real old-fashioned, murderous kind, who count not the victims as they reckon the spoils, writes W. J. Aylward in Harper's Magazine. Of course, they do not swagger in costume as all real pirates should, or ply their trade in Hongkong's immediate waters but among the thousands of fishermen, stevedores, and coal-handlers that crowd the harbour's edge they mingle and gossip water-front news, knowing well when a. particularly rich cargo is due from the interior. And if in the purple twilight a junk darts out of one of the many estuaries far up the West or Pearl river and swoops with the suddenness of the hawk on the heavily-laden prize, the struggle is short. Over the hills on the naked backs of a swarming crew the loot disappears for ever from a. smoking hulk in the rice-swamps. Or, as happened in the case of the Sainam. half a hundred take passage in the crowded hold of a river steamer, and when the handful of unsuspecting whites gather at dinner, rises a heathenish yell on the startled air-and the ship is taken. Rifles thrust through bolted doors subdue the pitiful fire that lasts a little while from behind the shot-torn tablecloth, but the ship is already headed for the bank by the quartermaster with a rifle-barrel at his ear, and one more tragedy is added to the long list of crimes on the Sikiang.
RHODES AND THE MATABELE.
RHODES AND THE MATABELE. One who has been a trooper in the British camp at the time, in pointing out the site of Rhodes's tent and of the meeting with the Matabele chiefs, told us the story as it struck "the man who was there," but seeing things from the outside only. He told how Rhodes had lived for six weeks in his isolated tent. "Then," said he, "one evening Mr. Rhodes was talking with Baden-Powell and some of them, and he said to them, I believe the Matabele are as tired of the war as we are, and if someone of importance would just walk over unarmed to their camp and offer them favourable conditions of peace they would come in.' And the others said that was all very well, but who was going to do it? Mr. Rhodes didn't make any answer to that, but next morning we couldn't find him in his tent, nor yet in the camp. There was a rare hunt for Mr. Rhodes, and at last it came out he had gone over to the Matabele camp with three of his friends, and was making peace with the chiefs." Not with such dramatic suddenness as appeared to the outsider did Rhodes, in fact, perform HIS DEED OF DERRING-DO. He had succeeded in putting himself, in some sort of communication with the Matabele, and doubtless did not go to their camp without a reasonable hope of success in his mission. Not less for that is honour due to him and his three comrades Colebrander, Sauer, and Stout-for his conduct of a barbarous people who behold an enemy in their power is always incalculable. One can imagine that host of splendid fighting-men muscles of steel and skins of smoothest bronze, with shield and assegais, and all their war-gear, gathered on the hillside in the early morning sunlight, watching the approach of the White Chief and his little band. So he came and stood among them totally unarmed, alone except for his interpreter and two other men, who carried no arms except revolvers. There passed first the elaborate courtesies of savage greetings, and then the indaba began. First the White Chief inquired what were those grievances against his people for which they had gone to war. This opening pleased the indunas, who explained their grievances at length. When he had listened to all and pro- had gone to war. This opening pleased the indunas, who explained their grievances at length. When he had listened to all and pro- mised redress, he addressed them in his turn, REPROVING THEM STERNLY for their cruelties to women and children. They heard him shamefaced like chidden chil- dren. At length he asked the momentous question, Is it to be peace or war? and the chiefs advancing laid their assegais at his feet. The war was ended. Rhodes was al- most completely silent during his walk back to the British camp. But once he spoke, and touched a string that vibrates. "It is scenes like this," he said, which make life worth living." It was a scene like this which made him worthy of his high and solemn grave. His grave is cut 3ft. deep in the smooth grafiite of a small natural platform. Enormous boulders stand about it, in a circle, broken on the side towards the valley, where the kopje falls most precipitously, so as to give there a broad clear sweep of distant view. The bronze emperors, kings, and queens that stand ranged about the famous tomb of Maxi- milian are paltry doll-like things compared with the stupendous WATCHERS ABOUT THE TOMB j of Cecil Rhodes. And so thev stood waiting for him-old, incalculably old-when he was a, little child, dreaming childish dreams in his cot in an English nursery. It was once a dream of his to see lions treading silently the silent courts of some deserted temple, and with their cat-like motions winding in and out among its columns. Here are no lions; but surely at times, when the brilliant African moon blanches this weird monument, lithe leopards pace across his grave and rub themselves-they, too, cat-like-against the mighty knees of those everlasting Watchers. All work of man's hand, beyond the plain in- scription on the plain slab, seems incon- gruous, intrusive, among these monumental hills.—From the Oornhill Magazine for August.
Caught by Coil of Rope.
Caught by Coil of Rope. Fatality at Lewis Merthyr. With deep regret we have to chronicle the sad and premature demise of Mr. Fred Norman, 15, St. John's Terrace, Cymmer, which took place on Friday as the result of serious injuries sustained by him at the Lady Lewis Colliery. It- appears that whilst Norman, who was employed at the above colliery as a black- smith, was on Friday with others engaged in taking a coil of new rope out of the carriage at the bottom of the shaft, the rope tell and caught the poor man against the side of the pit. The coil weighed in all about a, ton, and though the full weight did not rest upon him, the pres- sure against his side was enormous. The rope was eventually removed by the use of three bowks weighing about a ton each. and Norman was afterwards con- veyed to the surface, where he shortly afterwards succumbed to his injuries. Deceased, who was only 31 years of age, was a. native of Stevenage. Beds. He had, however, been at Porth sufficient time to win a warm place in the hearts of his fellow-workmen. He was a devoted member of Tabernacle (E.B.) Chapel, and a. zealous and faithful member of the choir and Sunday School. He leaves a widow and one child to mourn his sad and untimely decease. The funeral took place on Tuesday .afternoon, amid every manifestation of general sorrow and regret. A very large number of his fellow-workmen and also of members of Tabernacle (E.B.) joined the cortege as it wended its way to IJlethrddu Ceme- tery, where the interment took place. The Rev. Owen Owens, Porth, officiated at the house and also performed the burial ceremony. The chief mourners were as folloiv -M rs-. F. Norman (widow); Mr. Cook, Luton (father-in- law) Mr. M. Norman, Essex (brother); Mr. J. Norman. South Gate, London (brother); Miss Norman, Croydon (sister); Mr and Mrs. Jacques, Cymmer (brother- in-law and sister-in-law) Mrs. Bunce, Luton, Beds. (sister-in-law) Mr. Cook, Manchester (brother-in-law); Mr. D, Joijes, Cymmer, Porth. Several large and beautiful wreaths surmounted the coffin, and were given by Mrs. Norman (widow); Mr. and Mrs. Jacques and family. Cymmer Mr. Norman, South Gate, London; Tabernacle (E.B.) Sunday School; and also the surfacemen of the Lady Lewis Colliery. Mrs. Norman and family desire to thank all their friends for the many ex- pressions of sympathy shown to them in their sorrow and bereavement; also those who so kindly sent wreaths. We ex- tend our deepest sympathy to the bereaved family.
--------Mid-Rhondda Free Church…
Mid-Rhondda Free Church Council. Suppression of Sunday Trading. A special meeting of the above Council was held at New Bethania Vestry on Friday evening last. The chair was occu- pied by the Rev. E. Richards (Ebenezer). It was unanimously decided that the following resolution he forwarded to the Premier, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Home Secretary, and Mal-koii- That this Council is of opinion that greater potver should be given to justices to suppress Sunday trading of all descrip- tion, and that the present laws relatiiiq to Sunday trading should be strengthened and not w eakened as. now proposed by the Shops Bill No. 2, and particularly, desire from a Welsh standpoint to em- phasise the matter, being that we are anxious to follow the traditions of our forefathers concerning the holiness of the Sabbath. That this resolution be signed on behalf of the Council by Chairman and Secretary, and the Chairman and Secre- tary of Vigilance Committee. It was also resolved that the work of the sub-committee, in postponing arrange- ments for the visit of the Rev. Thomas Phillips, B.A., Bloomsbury, in view of the situation at present in Mid-Rhondda, be approved üf. The Rev. A. Williams (Trinity) being absent, the Rev. J. Morgan (Pethania) referred to the question of Chapman and Alexander's Mission, and informed the Council that the matter was being dealt with from another quarter, and therefore the Council need not trouble further with it. During the meeting, the Chairman and the Rev. M. H. Ellis, on behalf of the Council, extended a most hearty welcome to the Rev. T. H. Morgan (Penuel), Pont- rhondda.
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Blaengwynfi.
Blaengwynfi. The Salvation Army have made rapid progress here. Over 150 persons have joined their ranks. The anniversary preaching meetings 01 Tabernacle (C.M.) were held on Satur- day, Sunday and Monday last. The Revs.: J. Wilson Roberts, Ynyshir, and D. Eø) Thomas, Morriston, officiated.
Femdale.
Femdale. At the North Street Congregational Chapel, Ferndale, on Wednesday even- ing, 26th ult. Mr. G. Childs, B.Sc. (Secondary Schools), gave a very success- ful .lantern lecture to a. large audience on the life of King Edward VII. from birth to his ascension to the Throne. Mr. Childs intends at a later date to give another lecture on the world's Peace- maker" from his ascension to his death.
BEGINNINGS OF FORESTRY.
BEGINNINGS OF FORESTRY. The planting of yews in churchyards was practised before 1307, yet planting on any large scale does not seem to have been practised in any of the English woodlands until early in the seventeenth century, when it was 'introduced mainly on account of the acorns, beech-mast, and other seeds being devoured by field-mice and voles. In the preface to the second edition (in 1615, the first edition having been in 1613) of Arthur Standish's "New Directions for the Increasing of Timber and Firewood," regarding complaints of tree-seeds having been eaten by celd-mice when sown, the author writes, the remedy for such as would raise plants is by nurseries, where the mice may be destroyed by traps." Standish's work is merely a thin pamphlet of thirty-four pages, but it had the honour of a prefatory Royal proclamation, in which King James commanded all Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others our loving Subjects, to whom it may appertaine," to receive and put in practice the author's suggestions. ♦
WET AND DRY SEASONS.
WET AND DRY SEASONS. At the Equator in Africa there are only two seasons-the wet and the dry. The former is the summer season, and lasts eight months. The thermometer averages from llOdeg. to I25deg. Fahr. The other four months are the cold or dry season, and the thermometer rarely goes below 70deg. Fahr. During the rains the natives live in bouses made principally of bamboo and roofed with leaves, but as soon as the rains stop, which is some time around June 1st, they desert their towns and set out for the forests and jungles. The few household furnishings are transported on the heads of the women and children. »
CHURCH UNITY.
CHURCH UNITY. In a Norfolk village of 300 inhabitants there is an admirable clerical partnership between the Anglican and the Nonconformist preachers. There is church service on Sunday morning, ehapel in the afternoon, and both at night, and 75 per cent. of the population are regular attendants. King Edward's Memorial Service the two shared between them, and the Church- man frequently gives a week night lecture for his Methodist brother. ■ ♦
SOME LETTER - BOXES.
SOME LETTER BOXES. The modern French letter-box is fashioned after a plant, and the top resembles a bud. The body is surrounded by floral wreaths or festoons, and the base is formed by large leaves. The boxes are placed against buildings and have a very pretty effect. In Brussels the Government keeps pace with the needs of the people, and has attached postal boxes to the rear ends of cars in the city. This aids and hastens the delivery of letters and telegrams, as most of these cars pass the post-offices, where the boxes are emptied. This street-car letter-box, in fact, practically takes the place of the pneumatic tube" postal svstem for which London and Berlin have be- come famous. The Russian post-box is an old- fashioned, awkward-looking box. It looks some- thing like a peasant hut. The roof is lifted up, and letters taken out from the top. The postman handles the letters as freely as the sorters them- selves it really does not matter much, for the Government power in Russia is so strict that it is believed the post-office officials frequently open letters suspected of being connected with plots against the state and read them. »
CRICKET AND POLITICS.I
CRICKET AND POLITICS. Cricket may not loom quite eo largely in I the eyes of the twentieth-century members of St. Stephen's as golf, because age is not banned from the links as it is from the sward, I and politicians can enjoy a, round of golf II though they may not have time to handle bat or ball. Yet cricket is as keenly loved in what was once the best club in Europe as it is in any of the others in England. Moreover, ia the past, politicians deigned to play cricket in the days before GOLF WAS POLITICALLY DISCOVERED by Mr. A. J. Balfour. The Lords and Com- « mons turned out quite useful sides against I j Zingari, and though (says Sir Home Gordon in an interesting article in the Windsor I Magazine entitled Politicians in Cricket ") my memory fails me as to when and where the match took place—albeit I fancy it was at a deceased club at Barnes, in which Mr. C. 1. Thornton managed the cricket—the Gov- ernment played the Opposition at least once. Personally I can confess, on some occasion or other, to have seen both Mr. John Burns and the late Sir George Newnes figuring in the cricket field, while the former was always, of course, a keen critic of the game. course, a keen critic of the game. Sir Home Gordon comes to the conclusion that there are not so many PROMINENT CRICKETERS in the House of Commons as in the Lords. Among cricketing Peers he mentions Lord Hawke and Lord Harris, who have been mainly responsible for the success of York- shire and Kent cricket respectively. Then there is also the Lord Chancellor, who played for Cheltenham and Oxford, Lord Des- borough, Lord Chesterfield, Lord Lichfield, and Lord Darnley, perhaps better known as the Hon. Ivo Bligh. Sir Home Gordon tells us that Lord Darn- ley owes his wife to an accident in the cricket field. He injured his hand, a handkerchief was loaned, and when he went to return it to its unknown owner, for the first time he found himself face to face with his future wife. Turning to the Commons we find the Speaker himself has been a DEVOTEE OF THE GAME from boyhood. Everybody knows how he keeps himself fit by fencing on the Terrace, but comparatively few are aware that almost daily each summer he practises at the nets at Lord's. Of all who can catch the Speaker's eye, the Hon. Alfred Lyttelton has been the most distinguished cricketer. He kept wicket for England in the first Test, Match ever played in this country, and a few years later his innocuous lobs were made the excuse for a number of Colonial batsmen to knock down their own wickets in the days before declara- tions were legalised. Other notable cricketing Commoners are Mr. H. W. Forster, Sir G. Kemp, Mr. W. Bridgeman, and Colonel Heath.
Child Sufferers T
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Tonypandy. 13 I
Tonypandy. 13 An instrumental and vocal entertain- ment was held at Bethel (E.B.) Chapel on Thursday evening of last week. The Rev. J. E. Dennis (pastor) occupied the chair, and Miss Mary Benson, A.L.C.M., Penygraig, acted as accompanist, and also played two pianoforte solos during the evening. Solos and recitations were rendered by the following: —Master Percy Griffiths and Miss B. Charles, Miss Lily Pritchard, Master Morgan Griffiths. and Mr. Francis Popham., The latter's recitations were, very highly appreciated by the audience, and he was encored, as usual. Mr. John Griffiths' humorous speech also took very well. A vote of thanks to those who took part and to the chairman brought the entertainment to a close.
A CURIOUS EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
A CURIOUS EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE A remarkable transformation of a cat's fur by temperature has been reported by Profes- sor A. C. Geddes, of the Dublin Royal Col- lege of Surgeons. A black cat was accidentally shut up in the refrigerating chamber of a mail steamer in Sydney Harbour, and was not discovered until about thirty-two days later, when the ship was off Aden. The cat was hardly recognisable, the fur having become long and thick, changing nearly to white on. the back. Brought out into the intense heat of the Red Sea., the heavy white coat rapidly fell out, and the black cat was itself again be- fore London was reached.
600,000 KINDS OF ANIMALS.
600,000 KINDS OF ANIMALS. How recent a science is that which used to be called natural history, but which is now divided into so many branches, is shown by some figures presented to the British Associa- tion for the advancement of science. In 1830 the total number of species of animal life known was 73,588 this included 49,100 kinds of insects, 11,000 of molluscs, 3,600 of birds, and 3,500 of fishes. In 1881 the total number had increased to 311,653 the birds and fishes had grown to 11,000 each, molluscs to 33,000, and zn insects to the surprising number of 220,150. Of spiders alone there were then known 8,070 sorts. In the years since 1881 the number of new species discovered each year has averaged 12,000, so that now there are catalogued and described in round numbers 600,000 kinds of animals.
ORIGIN OF SEX.
ORIGIN OF SEX. The question of the origin of sex is one of the problems of the day which seems less hopeless than many others, doubtless because it can be dealt with in an experimental way. The investigations of the Cambridge School of Biologists, which, under the guidance of Professor Bateson, has been studying the so- called Mendelian phenomena, have yielded re- sults that, if not as satisfactory as was hoped by the more enthusiastic workers, are at leasb tangible and valuable. It is at present impos- sible to decide whether the sex is predeter- mined in the egg or whether external condi- tions effect a change. Modern biologists fav- our the view that sex is already predeter- mined, but this statement does not really re- move the difficulties of the matter. If the sex is so predetermined, what then, asks the 1108- pital, was the predetermining cause? It has been stated in a general way that after a war in a country considerably more males are born than females, in order to fill up the losses caused by disease and the enemy's we weapons. There is, however, no authenticated instance on which such a generalisation can be based, although statistics should be avail- able from Japan.
METEORS IN SUNSHINE.
METEORS IN SUNSHINE. Daylight meteors are great rarities. A person may look up at tile blue sky on sun- shiny days ten thousand times and never be- hold a shooting star! Another fortunate individual, whose gaze is more often directed to mother earth than to the high heavens, may just chance to be looking upwards at an odd moment, and then catch the spectacle of a lifetime! It is a bit of rare good fortune to glimpse a meteor large enough and bright enough to be perceived amid the sunshine. Few persons have ever seen such a thing, few per- SOl1.g ever will. When witnessed it is a sight to be remembered. Of course, writes W. F. Denning, F.R.A.S., in Great Thoughts, there is not the vividness which a nocturnal meteor exhibits, there is not the blinding glare anl splendidly lustrous effects which a. grand object of this class discloses at night; still, the, daytime meteor has a novelty and a charm all its own. It is a picture to impress one, an event quite unexpected and of great novelty. The sun is very powerful we know, but his dazzling light cannot obscure the meteoric fireball. Even the brilliant Venus is but a pale speck in the daytime, but meteors can shine out with a refulgence occasionally matching the sun himself. Only for a, moment, it is true, they live, but much is crowded into the small interval. It com- prises the meteor's whole luminous career. It enables its real path and orbit to be obtained if suitable observations are made, and tell us the story of the object as far as it is possible to learn it.
HOW THE BLOOD BREATHES.
HOW THE BLOOD BREATHES. Scientific researches into what causes the difficulty experienced by lowlanders in breathing on mountain tops have brought to light now the real secret of breathing. Of course, roughly speaking, man breathes with his lungs, but as a matter of scientific accuracy mankind actually breathes with the blood. This is shown by the difficulty of breathing at elevated altitudes. Man actually breathes, that is, absorbs oxygen into his blood, by the absorption of oxygen by means of globules in the blood. These globules will take up a certain amount of atmospheric pressure. When the pressure is reduced the blood finds it necessary to increase the number of globules. This is done without re- ducing the strength of the body, and appears to require only a reasonable length of time, varying from a few weeks to a few months in duration. Thus when a city or plain dweller climbs a mountain peak he finds it DIFFICULT TO BREATHE, and not infrequently blood gushes from the nose and mouth. In a few cases of unusually high and rapid ascent death has been known to occur. The truth of the change in the blood has been verified by experiments on guinea pigs. Also it has been shown that the blood of mountaineers, when drawn for experimental purposes, could absorb 21 per cent. of oxygen, while that of people living along the sea coast could only absorb 14 per cent. The blood of human beings living at moderate elevations above sea-level could absorb 17 per cent. of oxygen. Thus it is not a smaller amount of oxygen in mountain air, but the lighter pres- sure due to the decrease in the amount of air overhead. And nature in a remarkably short time can overcome this effect by reproducing many more blood globules with the power to absorb more oxygen.
REMARKABLE SHADOWS.
REMARKABLE SHADOWS. Commenting on a "sump-hole at the oil- field located in Kern County, Southern Cali- fornia, which promises to become one of the great petroleum-producing regions of the State, the Technical World Magazine says one very remarkable feature about the reflec- tions at this hole is the fact that after the ob- ject easting the shadow moves from the iden- tical spot, or is moved away, the shadow re- mains for some seconds in the same place, without following the substance, or changing its position, in the least. Usually, the shadows remain all the way from five to ten seconds after the substances have changed position, fading away, and finally disappear- ing altogether. The longer the shadow is cast in one particular spot, the longer it remains there after the object has been removed. Very careful investigations of this remarkable peculiarity have been made, and THE EXPLANATION given is that when the crude oil first is pumped up into the sump-holes," or tempo- rary earth reservoirs, it is very heavily charged with gas. After remaining in the reservoir for a short time it becomes quite warm from the sun's rays, and the gas is rapidly disengaged from the heavy body of petroleum, and rises to the surface, and passes off into the atmosphere. Millions of minute bubbles are constantly rising to the surface of the crude oil, especially when the sua Donrs down its fervid rays This eaa is
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I j For a Short Time-Beautiful I Carlsbad China Cup-FREE ¡ This cup is a dainty specimen of the famous Carls- bad ware—stands 3$ins. high—is decorated in rich | colours with original carnation design. Readers of this paper can now obtain it free of all j cost in exchange for one metal top from a 2 oz. bottle of Vigoral and the coupon printed below. As you know, Vigoral is far richer, and more tempting I than other beef drinks. It has the flavour and nutriment I of prime beef and is highly concentrated. It is a splendid addition to soups, sauces, stews, hashes, etc. Get a 2 oz. r bottle of Vigoral from your chemist or grocer to-day, ¡ fill up and forward the coupon, and the cup is yours. I ONE Metal Top and this coupon j • To VIGORAL Department, Atlantic House, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C. I enclose one metal top from a 2oz. bottle of Vigoral, for which please I' J send gratis and post free a Carlsbad China Cup as offered. Name ■ Full Address ■ i I t. 'J makes the Best Beef Beverage
Treorchy
Treorchy The majority of Technical Classes in the district this session are very strong. Mining and mathematics heads the "bill," with shorthand running a. close third. -+--+- Large congregations assembled at Noddfa. on Sunday, when the half-yearly meetings were held. Sermons which were of an edifying and stimulating character were delivered by the Rev. W. J. Morgan, Gelli, and Dr. Morris. -+--+- Monarchism v. Republicanism was the subject of a lively debate at a meet- ing of the Literary Society held at the Park and Dare Institute. The former was taken by Mr. Davies-Evans, while the latter was upheld by Mr. R. C. Austin. In the 'discussion which fol- lowed, the opinions expressed were varied. -+--+- At, the English Wesleyan Chapel on Sunday last, Foreign Mission services were held. Large congregations assembled throughout the day, and thoroughly appreciated the discourses of Mr. C. Go-wan, Cardiff. On. Tuesday evening, a public meeting was held. when excellent addresses were delivered by the Revs. W. J. Britton and J. Harris. Mr. W. P. Thomas occupied the chair. A very pretty and effective scene was produced by th children, who were attired Ïlt. costimem, representing different nations, The English Baptists of th-o district have opened a cause at Ynyswen. and the first meeting was held on Sunday, when the Rev. G. Harris preached edifying sermons to fairly large congregations. A Sunday School was opened, and ser- vices will be continued every Sunday.
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All Skin diseases can be cured by using Dr. Douglas' Ointment, Is, 11 Soap, 7|d Sole Agent-JOHN DAVIES; The Cash Chemist,TONYPANDY.
Treherbert.
Treherbert. In a recent report of tate special preaching services held at Bbenezer, we stated that the Rev. J. Oldfield Davies, B.A., Ton-Pentre, was one of the officiat- ing ministers. This was incorrect, the rev. gentleman officiating being the Rev. W. J. Rees, Porth.
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Sg|g§|» MAKERS TO JmMP B.M. THE KING. -4k Opening the Free Casket. When the Gift Casket arrives f the children will be delighted Pi' with the chocolates and pastilles which it contains. llJ ^an y°u not ima§ine their pleasure as they undo jiyf j 111 the package? And when the confectionery is ifjjj jjrj| eaten, the Casket itself will form a useful trinket jjjyjj || box for your dressing table. jffl j: j|| I You will be presented with the Casket Free in exchange If! ijij for Vouchers to be found in tins of |J$i: r -In all j ROWNTREE'S I j ELECT COCOA | Jill If you write for full particulars now and use the coupon II I S| || below, we will at once send four of these vouchers 1] 1 III FREE. Give them to the children who will get more l| | ill J and more interested as they add to the collection a id j y 1 IjW the casket grows nearer. if r| You will find both chocolates and cocoa of the y* |M finest quality, the quality that gives the delicious ji Rowntree flavour. I VJ. E. ft., Dulwich :—" Please accept my sincere CODPOK n thanks for Casket received on Monday. It is Row»tw» 1 Co° LtJ., || very pretty indeed and am greatly pleased y* Dept. 495C Tort, |L] with it, and also the contents which are Please send me r^npartica. If k 11 .11 Iars of how to get the Rown- ||| tree Gift Casket, and die Fonr |i n r. r r r S Free Vonoiiera to startmy collection. |]| 9 rost this coupon which brings MIL the Four Free Vouchers. Name 8^1 Addres# This Coupon cm bt posted in an unsttltd twttlop* .7 This Coupon cm bt posted in an unsttltd twttlop* with halfpenny stomp,
REMARKABLE SHADOWS.
extremely volatile and sensitive to the condi- tion of temperature. So very sensitive is it that whenever a shadow is cast on the surface, and to a certain extent lowers the tempera- ture on that particular spot, it lessens the number of bubbles that rise. This effect serves to emphasise the shadow cast. When a person stands for a few minutes in one spot, and then suddenly shifts his position his re- flection will still be indicated in the, same place. The smaller number of bubbles of gas rising to the surface causes the surface to have a different colour than the surrounding oil. The uncanny effect is the cause of much wonderment.