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Welsh Language Society., Annual Meetings at Treorchy. Welsh in the Day Schools. Interesting Papers and Discussions. The annual meetings of the Welsh Lan- guage Society, held at Noddfa, Treorchy, on Wednesday, were eminently successful and indicative of the great influence which the Society has exercised since its in- auguration at the Aberdare Eisteddfod, twenty-five years ago, under the title of the Society for the Utilisation of the Welsh Language. Under its auspices a summer school for the study of Welsh is held every year at some convenient centre, where lectures are delivered to secondary school teachers by well-known authorities on the language and its literature, and the work of the school is recognised by the Board of Education, which makes grants towards its mainten- ance. In the afternoon meeting, when the chair was taken by the president (Sir T. Marchant Williams, stipendiary of Mer- thyr), there was a large company of pro- minent workers in the cause of fostering the Welsh language in the home and in the schools, among them being Professor Amvyl, M.A. (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth), Professor T. Jones, M.A. (Belfast), Mr. D. Lleufer Thomas (stipen- diary for Rhondda and Pontypridd), the Rev. J. Ll. Thomas, M.A. (vicar of Aber- pergwm), Mr. Tom John, M.A. (Llwyny- pia), Dr. W. Morris (Rhosynog), Mr. T. Thomas (chairman of the Rhondda Coun- cil), Alderman E. 1-1. Davies (Pentre), Dr. W. E. Thomas (chairman of the Rhondda Education Committee), and Mr. T. W. Berry, Porth (Director of Educa- tion). On the motion of Professor Anwyl, seconded by Mr. Howell Howells (Tre- orchy), the following officials were re- elected: -President Sir Marchant Wil- liams vice-president., Sir Isambard Owen; treasurer, Professor J. E. Lloyd (Bangor); and secretary, Mr. D. James (Defynnog), Treherbert, whilst the follow- ing fifteen gentlemen were appointed as a committee to act as executive, with nine other co-opted members, namely: —Pro- fessor E. Anwyl, M.A., Aberystwyth; Messrs. T. W. Berry, F.C.S.. Forth; Beriah G. Evansi, Carnarvon; S. J. Evans, M.A., Llangefni: W. J..Gruffydd, M.A., Cardiff; Howell Howells, Treorchy; J. Austin Jenkins, B.A., Cardiff; J. James, M.A., Ph.D., Cardiff; Tom John, M.A., Llwynypia; L. D. Jones (Llew Tegid), Bangor; Edgar W. Jones, B.A., Barry; and Professor J. Morris Jones, M.A., Bangor.

Annual Report. The annual report submitted by the secretary contained extracts from the Welsh Code, showing the prominence given to the language by the Board of Education. They were:- (a) The curriculum should, as a rule, 1 include the Welsh language. (b) Any of the subjects of the curri- culum may (where the local circumstance make it desirable) be taught in Welsh, but it is not necessary that the Welsh language be taught in every school or every class. (c) Where Welsh is the mother-tongue of the infante, that language should be the medium of instruction in their classes. (d) Provision should also be made for the teaching in every school, the Welsh history, and geography of Wales, and Welsh literature should also be included in the curriculum of Higher Elementary Schools. In last year's Code it was stated that Welsh, where it is the mother-tongue of the infants, should be the medium of in- struction in their classes. This statement expressed the Board's approval of the practice which is rapidly becoming uni- versal, and which is clearly necessary if the biggest efficiency is to be secured. Results of the change become apparent almost immediately school becomes brighter, interest aroused, the children bring to the study of other subjects an alertness and not a mere memory. The phonetic character of the Welsh language makes it exceedingly easy for children to learn; its initial mutations enable the child at a comparatively early age to grasp the meaning of the whole sentence rather .than that of isolated words. The Welsh child who is taught through the medium of Welsh in .the infants' school acquires English much more readily than one who is taught through the medium of English from the first. One interesting result of teaching which to English-speaking children is the adop- tion of the direct method, learnt and tested in teaching Welsh, to the teaching of English also. There is a very general tendency, which the Board cordially approve, towards a wider use of the oral method in teaching children their mother- rrvnmm. whether it be Enorlish or Welsh. School libraries are gradually increasing in number, but it can hardly be said that Local Educational Authorities have yet fully realised the extent to which efficient teaching can be helped and supplemented by a library of well-selected books. It was reported that a large increase had taken place in the number of schools which have adopted Welsh in their curri- culum. Out of 96 schools, the subject is taught in 64. All the schools in Anglesea, Cardigan, Carnarvonshire, Merioneth and Denbighshire take Welsh. The success of the subject in the County Schools was, to a large extent, to be attributed to the patriotic zeal of the chairman of the Central Welsh Board, namely, Prof. E. Anwyl, Aberystwyth. The history of the Summer School was given at Swansea, when 143 attended. The school had been visited on behalf of the Board of Educa- tion by Mr. H. Price and Mr. Skirrow. The secretary pointed out that the pros- pects of the forthcoming Summer School at Llandrindod were exceedingly bright, numerous applications for admission having been received from different parts of Wales. The Glamorgan Education Committee had decided to grant 30 scholarships as follows: —Monmouth, 10: Swansea, 15; and the Rhondda, 10; and probably other Education Committees will follow. The Board of Education had also sent the sum of £45 10s. as grant for the Bangor Summer School, the highest rate yet paid by the Board. The report was adopted, and the presi- dent spoke highly of the splendid work done by the secretary. Sir Marchant also paid a warm tribute to the pioneer work done by Mr. Dan Isaac Davies, and afterwards by Mr. Beriah G. Evans and Llew Tegid, before Defynnog took the secretaryship in hand.

Welsh in the Day Schools. Mr. Howell T. Evans, M.A. (Cardiff) read a, practical paper on Welsh in the Day Schools." He drew attention to the fact that there is great disparity between the standard set by the Central Welsh Board in Welsh and other modern lan- guages, such as French. For example, the text-book in French often contained less than fifty pages, whereas that in Welsh contained last year more than three times as many nages. Apart rom this, the standard set in Welsh grammar wag higher than in French, and if the vernacular was to have fairplay, these matters should be equalised. But the chief point in Mr. Evans' paper had reference to Welsh in infants' schools. It was pointed out how disadvantageous it was to the Welsh child to be transferred from a purely Welsh home to a school which, after all, was purely English. The infants' schools in Welsh districts should be purely Welsh—all information should be given through the medium of Welsh whilst in bilingual districts Welsh should be on a level with English. 'Both lan- guages should be spoken in the infants' schools. This course was justified from a purely educational standpoint. Why should not Welsh, the language of the child at home, be used as a medium for the teaching of English and other sub- jects? This was the only justifiable course from the standpoint of education. It could be proved by experience that Welsh boys who learned English through the medium of Welsh did so with greater thoroughness and perfection that was pos- sible otherwise,. Mr. Evans further argued that it was easy for a child to, learn two languages simultaneously. It was being done in thousands of Welsh homes to-day, and why not in the schools? Further, Welsh should be spoken in the infants' schools on the grounds of nationality. Through- out the centuries the Welsh language had been persecuted, but it had survived, and its survival meant the survival of Welsh patriotism, for language and patriotism were inseparably connected (hear, hear). In order that a sufficiency of teachers of Welsh might be forthcoming the training colleges of Wales should make Welsh a compulsory subject (applause). Mr. J. E. Southall (Newport) moved: That this Society desires to draw the attention of the Chief Inspector of Schools for Wales to the need of teaching reading; in such a manner that the children in the English-speaking districts of Wales may learn to enunciate the national language in its written > form correctly." Mr. Southall said his object was to create a national feeling in the English-speaking districts. The motion was carried unanimously, as was also the following resolution: — That this meeting desires to bring before the Education Committees of the Principality the necessity, in the English- speaking and bilingual districts, of pay- ing special attention to the teaching of 'Welsh in infants' school." A public meeting was afterwards held under the chairmanship of the Rev. Dr. W. Morris (Treorchy), when Mr. E. Samuel, M.A. (Porth), read a scholarly paper on The Influence of Welshmen and Welsh Literature on English Litera- ture." Professor Thomas Jones (Belfast) opened the discussion in an interesting speech, during which he referred to the revival of the Irish language and its influence Upon Irish nationalism. The discussion was continued by the Rev. W. Ll. Thomas (vicar of Aber- pergwm), Alderman E. H. Davies (Pen- tre), Councillor Edward Jones, Ton (Myfyr Elvet), Mr. Tom John, M.A. (Llwynypia), and Mr. Davies (Eglwye- bach). After the afternoon meetings, tea was provided, the presiding ladie)t being:- Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Jones1, Mrs. Davies, Mrs. J. Jones, Mrs. Williams, Mrs. D. James, Mrs. Enoch Davies, Mrs. E. Wil- liarns, Mrs. W. Davies, Mrs. D. Thomas, and Misses Isaac, E. M. Howell, Michael, M. Evans, Morris, E. S. Howells, Phillips, K. Lewis, T. Jones, M. Thomas, B. Davies, Jones, A. Jones, Davies, P. Jones, Fenton, and Williams. Mrs. H. Howells superintended.

Welsh Teaching In the Rhondda. In the evening, an inspiring public meeting was held at Noddfa Chapel. Dr. W. E. Thomas (chairman of the Rhondda Education Committee), who presided, said that every one of the 31,000 children in the Rhondda schools was being taught Welsh without exception, no matter what the nationality of their parents, and the utmost unanimity prevailed on every side on the question (applause). How splendid it would be if they. could innooulate the people of Cardiff with the same enthu- siasm for the Welsh language as existed in Cwm Rhondda. Mr. D. Lleufer Thomas largely attri- buted the awakening in the teaching of the Welsh language to the influence of the Summer School of the Society upon the elementary and secondary teachers. They must kill the old idea that gentility and respectability were inseparable from, the speaking of E'nglish as against Welsh in Wales. Sir T. Marchant Williams, in a racy address, referred in forceful language to the book, The Perfidious Welshman." He said it was the most shameful, the most lying book published in the present age. Professor Anwyl (Aberystwyth) spoke of the educational advantage derived from the knowledge of two languages, and speeches were also given by Mr. T. W. Berry (Rhondda) and the Rev. J. J. Wil- liams (Pentre).

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Organ Recital at Porth. The twelfth annual orgjan. recital in connection with Calfaria (O.M.) Chapel was given by Mr. David Class* on, Thurs- day last and Good Friday. This was Mr. Clegg's second visit to Forth, and conse- quently the spacious edifice was full to overflowing each evening. Dr. R. D. Chalke and the Rev. J. Emlyn Jones pre- sided. Mr. Clegg's popularity as an organist is easily comprehended when once heard manipulating the keyboard of the organ. It is not possible to describe his performance, one being lost in amaze- ment as the various effects are produced. This was particularly the effect of the celebrated American descriptive piece, Storm at Niagara Falls." A visitor is supposed to be in the peaceful town of Niagara, some distance from the Falls. As the Falls are approached, we have the evidence of a coming storm. The distant thunder and the wind whistling through, the trees are most realistic. Suddenly and with almost frishtful reality the storm bursts in all its fury over the mighty chasm, and people gaze at each other utterly bewildered. The storm rages for a. few minutes, and the visitor returns to the town, where all is calm and peaceful, amid the warbling of song birds. A most magnificent performance was given of Mendelssohn's Prelude for the Organ in G Minor," and Mozart's La Dove and Morning Song," two well- known works in different styles. The Improvisation on well-known hymn- tUlles" was a most pleasant feature. This was followed by Glinka's Grand Russian Symphony." Doppell Fugue for organ on Welsh melodies and "New Organ Fan- tasia," the performer's own works, were contributed with thralling effect. (f Non Nobis Domini (Palestrina), Grand Fugue in G Major (Bach). "Norse Legends," and the "National Band Contest Piece'' (Clegg) were also praiseworthy executions. Eaeh. item was accorded loud and continued applause. The lady artistes acquitted themselves well, enhancing their great reputation. I know my Redeemer liveth and Good-bye," sung by Miss. Emily Breare, secured loud appreciation. "Nearer, mv God, to Thee," and "My dear soul," by Miss Eira Gwyn, were' beautifully rendered, while her rendering of Y Gwcw Fach and Suo Gan J" were charming, and merited the loud ap- plause accorded her. The success of the-se- concerts must prove a source of great gratification to the committee and the energetic secretary.

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