The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

GLAMORGANSHIRE AND MONMOUTHSHIRE INFIRMARY AND DISPENSARY, CARDIFF. Abstract of House Surgeon's Report to the Weekly BiKird, from January 29th, to February 4th, IS31), inclusive. IN- DOOIl PATIENTS—Remained by last Report, 12; Admitted since, 2-14. Discharged-Cured and Re- lieved, 1; For irregularity,orat their own desire, 0-1. Remaining, 13. OUT-DOOR PA HUNTS—Remained by last Report, 42; .Admitted since, 12-5.L Discharged—Cured and Relieved, o; For .irregularity, or at their own desire, 2 ;-7., Remaining, 47. Medical Officers for the Week. Physician, Dr. Moore,—Consulting Surgeon, Mr Reece, -Surgeon, Mr Davies,—Visitors, W. II. Deacon, and R. Daw, Esq. JAMES LEWIS, junr., House Surgeon. "# THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S GRAND BANQUET. —The Marquis of Bute was among tho distinguished guests to whom, last Monday, his Grace the Duke of Wellington gave a sumptuous banquet at Apsley House. Dinner was announced at eight o clock, and the party broke up shortly before half-past 10. The banquet was served up in the grand dining-room, oc- cupying the left wing of the residence. Upwards of 40 members of the House of Peers were present. The band of the Grenadier Guards (the Duke's regi- ment) was stationed in the vestibule, and played during the arrival and departure of the guests selections from I Puritani, &c. NAUTILDS, BRISTOL AND CARDIFF STEAMER.—We understand this vessel will be taken off the station, on Saturday, the 23rd inst., for the purpose of under- going her annual repairs. She has plied with ex- traordinary success ever since she was put on, and during the last twelve months has not missed a single trip. THE POOR PRISONERS now in Cardiff Gaol for trial, beg to return their grateful thanks to Baron Spolasco, forsending them one sovereign; having no means to obtain any thing but what is allowed by the county. NEWBRIDGE.—the spirited inhabitants of this thriving locality are determined not to be behind their contemporaries of Llantrissent, Caerphilly, &c. in promoting the interests and importance of their town and neighbourhood, and in consequence a re_ apectable meeting of tradesmen and farmers was con vened in the New Inn, on Wednesday evening last- where it was arranged that four fairs should be hel d in the town, the first on Thursday the 14th instant, the others to be announced hereafter; and, from the central position of Newbridge, the number of stock farmers around it, its proximity to, and easy commu- nication with, Merthyr, Llantrissent, St. Mary Hill, Caerphilly, Llandaff, &c. &c. butchers, dealers, and others will find it a most eligible situation for such an establishment, and no reasonable doubt can be en- tertained of excellent supplies being forthcoming. AN "IRREGULAR'' HUNT.—A fox hunt took place at Eglwysvlan, last Monday. On the previous night, or early on Monday morning, Mr Reynard had taken possession of a favourite old gander, belonging to Hopkin Smith, of Eglwysilan and as soon as the discovery was made, he sent off to New House for the avengers of blood this unparalleled pack after arriv- ing at the scene of death, soon took the scent down to Mr Clive's wood. when the fox was shortly started, and after a full run of incessant hue and cry, for an hour and a half, Mr Reynard forfeited his life for his anser- ous breakfast. DINAS FATAL ACCIDENT.- Two men and a lad, in the employment of Walter Coffin, Esq., were killed in his colliery here, on Friday, the 1st instant, by the falling of an immense stone from the roof of the stall in which they were at work. It appeared on the inquest held before Lewis Reece, Esq., coroner, that the mode of working the north of England col- lieries by "long work" had been introduced here, and to the great length of unsupported roof in consequence of that introduction, might be attributed the dreadful catastrophe then under investigation. The stone, from its great weight and size, had to be blasted several times ere the crushed bodies of the three un- fortunates could be extricated, and on the Sunday following, the heart of one of them was found at a short distance from where the accident occurred, com- pletely flattened. Verdict—" Accidental Doath." THE EAGLE, which we stated in our last number to have been seen iu the Craig-vnwr, Margam, has been again observed in the same wood. The keeper's son struck a feather out of bis wing, but the feathered monarch soared away, apparently unhurt. These birds come over from Ireland, where the young are often offered for sale in the market towns of Kerry and other mountainous counties near the coast. THE PAHISH CHURCH OF ABERAVON, which here- tofore was unceiled, cold and comfortless, has been very much improved, by being most excellently ceiled and repaired. Much credit is due to the Vicar, for the substantial as well as ornamental manner in which (at his sole expence) he has repaired the chancel. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, WEDNESDAY, JAN. 30TH, 1839.-The Queen v. the Trustees of Swansea Harbour.-The Queen v. the Justices of Glamorgan- shire.-Tije rule nisi for a mandamus obtained by Thomas Starling Benson, Esq. was made absolute; and the rule for a certiorari discharged. SHIPWRECK.—A letter was received at Swansea, on Thursday last, in which it was stated that the brig Charles, of Saint Johns, New Brunswick, America, bound to Gloucester, ran on shore on the Sker- weathers, and had gone to pieces. The captain (Jaiues Goodwin) and the crew. nine in number, were saved by a boat sent out from Porthcawl, the vessel having been perceived from that place. The cargo and timbers are floating iu the channel, nothing had been washed ashore at the time the letter was written. WESLEYAN CENTENARY.-Oil Friday, the 31st ult., a meeting was held in the English Wesleyan Chapel, Swansea, to celebrate the Centenary of Wesleyan Methodism. The meeting was numerously and respectably attended. Mr John Beynon, of Castle Square, presided. There were several ministers and local preachers on the platform. We noticed the Rev. Mr Fish, of Bristol, the Rev. Mr Worth, of Carmarthen, the Rev. Mr Barber, of Swansea, the Rev. Mr Brown, of Neath, the Rev. Mr Evans, the Rev. Mr Rees, &c. The meeting was opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr Worth. The Rev. Mr Fish delivered a very animating address The Rev. Messrs. Evans and Rees addressed the meeting in Welsh. Several other ministers and gentlemen addressed the meeting in the course of the evening, all of whom expressed the liveliest gratitude for the benefits which Wesleyan Methodism had been instru- mental in conferring upon them, and their contri- butions amply testified the sincerity of their profes- sions. The sum subscribed at the meeting amounted to;ES222s. Watkin Morgan, Esq., of Swansea, was unanimously requested to act as treasurer. A few gentlemen gave comparatively very large sums; but as we believe everybody present gave as much as their circumstances would allow, it would be in- vidious in us to mention the names of any, unless wo gave a list of all who subscribed. About four o'clock in the afternoon, two hundred persons took tea in the chapel. ,#ø. TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN. ,Siie,-Tliere is a great deal said at the present time against the existing Corn Laws by manufacturers and others, who are not connected with agriculture. Though these persons may know the value of flour, very few, comparatively speaking, can be aware of the expenee of growing wheat, and the small pr. ri t, (very often IQss,) attending it, even with a protecting duty. I beg to give you an account of the produce, and also of the expences of every acre that is grown on summer fallow, which every practical farmer knows is the best and most profitable preparation where dung cannot be bought. X. s. d. To the produce of an acre of wheat, 25 bushels, (this year, 15,) at 8s 10 0 0 By live plougbings and harrow- ings, including sowing, at lis. Gd 2 17 6 By 100 hoops of lime, at bd. 2 1 8 By hauling and spreading do. 0 IS 0 By fenciog and weeding 0 7 0 By poor rate, land tax, road and church do. 0 4 8 Bytitbe. 012 0 By reaping and stacking 0 10 0 By carrying, ricking and thatch- ing 0 18 0 By three bushels of wheat for seed, at 8s. 1 4 0 By balance in lieu of two years' 1'6I(.t 0 7 2 x- to 0 0 By tile above it is shown there is 7s. 2d. left for two years' rent of an acre of good land, and in a low climate. It was my intention to have added some remarks on the danger that would attend a free trade in corn, but will refer you to a very able letter written on that subject by the late Mr Huskinson, in 1814, which you will find in the Mark Lane Express of January 28th. I am, yours, &c. '!I.f--f-I. V" HH, 1Q')O j n. TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN DEAR Sin From, I presume, my being a Corres- ponding Member of the Pastoral Aid Society, 1 find that it is generally believed that I am thewr.ter of the letters which appeared lately in the Guardian, signed A Corresponding Member and A Humble MonitorI therefore be- leave, through your nner to disavow every particle of the said letters as coiningYrom me, either directly or mdirectiy. Believe me to remain, Dear Sir, Your very obedient servant, WM, LEIGH. Vicarage,Eglwysilan, February 6th, 1839. "ØIJ'60, TO THE EDITOR OF THE GAZETTE AND GUARDIAN* yIU i see by the leading article in your journ:) that vou have fallen into an error with regard to the case respecting the refusal of medical assistance. You ask "will the Llancliy Board of Guardians re- tain such a relieving officer." The case occurred at SWANSEA, under which Board Mr Morgan, the person spoken of in your article, is relieving officer. The reason of the Llanelly Board taking up the case, was, because the father of the child belonged to the parish of Llanelly, and since the- death of the child an order of removal has been obtained for him which proves he must have been in low circumstances at the time of the application for medical assistance for his child. I send you these particulars in order that you may correct the statement made in your leading article; and at the same time I think it right to add, as false imputations may be laid on the relieving officers of the Llancliy Union, that they are both of them most humane and considerato towards the poor, accompa- nied with a judicious expenditure of the parochial funds. You will see in the Carmarthen Journal that Mr Chambers, the Chairman of the Llanelly Board and Mr Senior have desired them to say that they were not present when the resolution was passed for the particulars of the case to be inserted in the Cambrian, &c., and the acknowledgment of obligation due to the Rev. H. Crowther was made. What their object was in making this denial, ( don't know; but I think it is calculated to lead the public to imagine that the reso- lution was not legally made, in consequence of the Chairman not being present. When the resolution suggested by Mr Senior, was placed on the books, the Board did not consider how desirable it was that the subject should come before the public, which on a subsequent meeting they determined on, and at the same time thought fit to recognize their obligation to Mr Crowther: on this occasion, the Vice-Chairman was present, and a numerous Board was in attendance. I feel it right to put you in possession of these par- ticulars, in order that you might be able to remove the mistake in your paper. Yours, &c., HENRY WYNDHAM JONES. [We are indebted to our Correspondent for the correction of our error. Opposed as we are to the Poor Laws as they now stand, we rejoice that there are in this country,—and always will be, so long as it is inhabited by Englishmen and Welshineri,-persotis who, in administering them, can be "considerate to the poor, accompanied with a judicious expenditure of the parochial funds." With respect to the relieving officer really in fault, it cannot fail of being observed by the above letter, that every additional particular adduced, only goes to prove that the case was an urgent one, and that the medical aid sought ought to have been allowed. We, however, willingly sink all these; and resting on the preposterous fact that the relieving officer denied a poor woman medical aid for her dying chiid, becuise hitherto she had not had occasion to trouble the Union for pecuniary relief, we repeat our question,—will a man who could conceive so cruel and heartless a notion of his duty be retained as a relieving officer ? Grant that the poor woman sought Assistance too late,—that disease had too fearful hold of its victim,—that human aid could have availed nothing; still will the officer say that when he refused the afflicted mother's application, he expected to have had to supply a coffin twelve hours after? The case was one of gross neglect, or gross misitppre- hension of duty,—or both.—EDITOR.] #1'#1'#4'##.1'1'#" EXPORTS OF BRITISH METALS. A statement of foreign and British metals exported from London and Liverpool, from the 1st of January, 1838, to the 31st of December of the same year, is now before us, being one of the annual series pub- lished by Mr John Richards, of George-yard, Lombard- street. We present a short abstract of the principal results which it affords. 103d. 1007. Increase* D" Iron in bars, hoops, &c.-tons 102,766.. 74,545.. 28,221. Steel. 1,478.. 1,322.. 156. Copper in cake, &c. 3,577.. 5,286. 1709 Copper in sheets and nails 5,412.. 4,818.. 594. Tin in blocks and bars. 3,871.. 3,477.. 394. Tin plates boxes 218,323.. 171,918.. 46,405. Lead in pigs, sliects, &e. -tons 9,100.. 6,631.. 2,469. Spelt,,r 1,8od.• 3»2t)0. 1342 Quicksilver-lbs 2,360,672.. 1,894 519..466,153. From the foregoing statement it will be seen that, during the past year, an increase has taken place in our exports of iron, steel, manufactured copper, tin and tin plates, lead and quicksilver, while on the other hand there has been a decrease in the export of cake copper and of spelter. The most marked feature which is presented, is undoubtedly the large increase in our export of iron during the year, amounting to no less than 28,221 tons—a convincing proof of 11 the extent to which other countries are indebted to this country for their supply of this invaluable metal.- Mining Journal. NEW MODE OF PRODUCING WROUGHT OR MALLEABLE IRON DIRECT FROM THE ORE. The folio wing questions respecting Mr W. N. Clay's patented process are asked in a letter to the Editor of the Mining Journal, signed, E. Duclos de Boussois, Ingenieur des Mines, and dated from the Clyne Wood Metallurgical Works. 1. In what manner are the retorts made, and how long are they calculated to stand the action of the heat ? 2. If that one puddling furnace alone is calculated for ten retorts, the heat arising from which is con- veyed thereto, thus effecting a saving of fuel, and if that the ore requires to remain for forty-eight hours in such retorts to render it in a state fit for the pud- dling furnace—which latter will not be in action one- eighth of that time—I should wish to know in what maimer the heat for the other seven-eighths of the period is obtained, or if the whole heat required for the retorts be obtained from the furnace, then to what purpose the furnace is devoted for that extra time- indeed, whether the saving of fuel is solely confined to that period required for treating the contents of the retorts in the puddling furnace, or otherwise how such c saving is effected? S' 3. What quantity of iron can be obtained in twenty- four hours with a certain number of retorts, and what quantity of ore of a given produce to produce such results 1 .1'#< FORM OF BLAST FURNACES. Mr Lionel Brough of Neath, in a letter to the Editor of the Mining Journal, makes the following remarks on Mr Cadman's communication, which ap- peared in that journal of the 5th ult, and which was copied into this paper the succeeding week — First, with regard to the alleged evil of grind- ing' the cokes: — If it is a tender coke, and some lur- naces are already existing, and others may be erected, where such fuel alone can be procured, this grinding process is really a serious impediment to the make of iron, both as to quantity and quality; the form of the furnace becomes, therefore, an affair of paramount consideration, and if any shape can be brought into use that shall obviate this serious check to the profita- ble make of a furnace one great point will be gained. Now, taking the dimensions stated by Mr Cadman, viz., six feet at the top and fourteen at the boshes, four feet is of course seen to be the difference be- tween the extreme width and a perpendicular dropped from the angle of the charging plate; but that is not the real extent occupied by the crushing process, as it will be easily seen that two forces are in operation first, the gravity of the descending materials them- selves, and, secondly, the resistance of the blast and other causes below, thus producing an oblique line of action, forming the hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle, having for its perpendicular a line of great length, and its base equal to the difference above de- scribed. This hypothenuse will be seen to be a line of action of considerable length, and however slow the process goes on, it is obvious that it does produce results of a nature calculated to prevent the lull and desired effect. Now, as I am not of opinion with Mr Cadman, that a cylindrical furnace would be liable to the bringing down of the materials in a separate or unmixed form, it would, nevertheless, be a section attended with evils, such, for instance, as partmg with more of its heat than would be prudent, and requir- ing a greater pillar of blast, both on that account and in consequence of the great extra weight which the cylindrical form carried to the top would superimpose; it, therefore, strises me very forcibly, that the plan described by me a few weeks since in your paper, will be the means of avoiding the imperfections of the o'd svsteiu and tho dangers to be apprehended from Mr Wood's proposed form and at the same time my al- teration is not of so radical a nature as to alarm those who, from habit, give the preference to the shape which has been so long and, indeed, so profitably in use. A reference to my letter will show that it was merely giving a considerably less sweep or curve than usual from the boshes, until it arrived it a distance from the top, and then to collapse it,or bring it well into tlte charging plate: this very gradual curve will prevent the comminution of the fuel, and the top being of the usual diameter only, will not ad mit of any dangerous loss of heat, which would take place were the cylindrical form brought right up. Neitiicr will this section, I think, he liable to be wedged or blocked' up by the great weight which it is evident the cylindrical form must undergo from the additional dialnrtcr of the upper strata of materials. "Tiicso observations will apply to other fuel than a tender coke, and the form or shape recommended will, I think, be found to be economical and effective, whether coke of any description be used, or raw coal and hot blast, which is now creeping into use where it is not absolutely required, to make good grey iron, or even which, up to this time, cl! "I ()t be effectively or profitably used without the aid of hot- blast." ON THE APPLICATION OF ANTHRACITE FOR SMELTING PURPOSES. It is only a short time since the anthracite which is obtained in the south-west of Wales has been applied to the purposes of smelting, for although it does not decrepitate so violently as that from the neighbour- hood of the Alps, the different experiments which had been made, whether to burn it alone, or with a portion of coke, had not succeeded. The limit of three-fifths of anthracite to two-fifths of coke could not be surmounted without decreasing the heat of the furnace. It is only one year and a half since Mr George Crane, of the Yniscedwyn Foundry, near Swansea, conceived the idea that the introduction of a current of warm air would remedy this inconvenience. The question was of double importance to that gentleman, as his furnace was situated in the anthracite district, whereas he was then obliged to use coal which had to be transported some distance, The first experiment, which he made in February, 1837, with anthracite only, succeeded admirably. Before speaking of the effect which the use of anthracite has upon the pro- ducts of the furnace, I will mention a few circum- stances relative to the occurrence of the material, and I shall conclude by examining the properties of the anthracite of Wales, compared with that of the Alps, in order to form an opinion whether that of France can be as successfully applied as that of England. The greater portion of the coal-basin of the south of Wales furnishes a mineral possessing considerable bituminous qualities, but graduillyl as you approach the west, the coal measures become more dry, and the ten lowest beds, situated above the iron line, which is superincumbent on the, millstone grit, furnish a ma- terial possessing all the properties of anthracite, and denominated, on that account, stone-coal. This sin- gular variation cannot be accounted for, as there is no rock of Plutonic origin in the department. The mineral is hard, but it breaks easier than some varieties of anthracite from the department of Lamure. Generally it is of a black colour, passing into grey, with a semi-metallic lustre, vitreous, and conchoidal ftacture, and does not soil or inirk upon paper. When subjected to a temperature of 100", the an- thracite of Yniscedwyn yields 003 of pure water A specimen, entirely free from pyrites, which was analysed by M. Regnault, yieloerl after the reduction of 1.58 for the ashes which remained- Hydrogen 3.3S Carbon 94-05 Oxygen and azote 2 57 —100.00 On being ignited, the anthracite of Wales burns with a clear short flame, without smoke, but only of short duration. It then decrepitates, but the frag- ments retain their form. Some of the anthracite which is worked in the brass vein of Yniscedwyn, encloses a considerable proportion of iron pyrites, either in discernable or minutely disseminated parti- cles. It is used promiscuously with the other varie- ties, if the metal is not required to be of the first quality; but if otherwise, it is previously calcined, in order to drive off a portion of the sulphur. The mineral found at Yniscedwyn occurs in veins traversing schistus slate, and contains iron pyrites and phosphate of iron. An analysis afforded 0.004 as the mean proportion of the latter substance. The experiments relative to the anthracite were made in furnaces which were to be destroyed, on account of the surplus amount of combustible they consumed. The charge of three cwt., one-half of which was coke, «>»ly lUa><uo t** tlifao «. Wi* owt. of five to five and a half cwt of ore, as in other furnaces. This circumstance is worthy of remark. As one blast serves for more than one furnace, I could not ascer- tain the volume or the current of the air employed; but the machine recommended by Mr Crane, for the purpose of supplying three furnaces constructed for anthracite, yields 10.500 cubit feet of air, at the pressure of two and a half lbs. per cubic inch, equal to nearly twelve and a lialf centimetres of mercury; in tbe greater number of furnaces the pressure varies from two to two and a half lbs. The air, before entering the tube, is heated to 620° Fahrenheit, by means of an apparatus slightly modi- fied from that of Caldcr. All the data tend to prove, that the principal difference between the advantages of the common furnace, and the corresponding work of a cold-blast coke furnace, is a considerable in- crease of temperature towards the base of the furnace. This is not only attributable to the heating suscepti- bility of anthracite, but also to its superior density. It is thought that these two circumstances ought to develope a much higher temperature than in any other case, as soon as a sufficient energy is afforded to the combustion; and for this purpose the hot air has been adopted. r Since the employment oi anthracite, the proportion of foreign ingredients in the slag has been reduced to three-fourths its original contents. Those of ordinary manufactures are generally vitre- ous and the edges of the fragments are translucent. Of 'all the slag formed by high temperatures, these have the greatest tendency to crystallise. The frac- ture is generally of a vitreous nature, and greenish- grey colour, with a lamellar appearance. III examiu- ing them attentively, I have observed small crystals disseminated throughout the mass, bearing the ap- pearance of idocrase, or olivitie. The composition of the slag iS as follows:- Silex 44.6 Chalk 30 8 Magnesia 3.8 Alumina 15.8 Protox-iron 3.1 Sulphur 0.0011-98 1011 This analysis resenibios mat of the slag obtained at Dowlais, but the temperature differs materially in the two cases. The principle of the introduction of hot-air is to increase the susceptibility of com- bination, the air aeqUlrIng a considerable in- crease of chemical energy by the increase of warmth, so that it becomes disengaged from a great proportion of oxygen which it retains when cold. Experience has shown, that the increase of density of the combustion has been the means of increasing the power much more than the diminution of the density of tho air; consequently the temperature which is proportionate to the quantity of combustible used in the same time, and in a similar space, ought to be much higher in the first case than in the second in fact, the air being deprived of the oxygen, has a less degree of heat, and the uppermost particles do not acquire warmth except by means of the heat, collected by the gas. From this, it appears, that a great heat ought to be concentrated, whilst the uppermost volume of air is less heated than in other furnaces. The metal runs readily from the hearth; it is per fectly white, and possesses an almost perfect liquidity, which it retains for a longer time than ordinary. When cold, it is grey, fine-grained, and easy to be polished. It is very tenacious, and Mr Crane remarks, that it is about 25 per cent, more so than that which was obtained from the same furnace, and the same mineral foinerly. It is rather astonishing, that the metal obtained with a combustible containing a larger porportion of pyrites than coke, should be so much superior to that which is commonly obtained by the ordinary means. This desulfuration is the result of a greater increase of temperature. The sample of the slag which was analysed, contained merely 0.001 of sulphur; but judging from the smell of sulphuretted hydrogen which the slag gives out when rubbed with water, I am of opinion that tho amount is more con- siderable. This fact proves, that the metal obtained by means of hot-air, is as tenacious as that produced under the same circumstances by the employment of cold air. The quantity of carbon, silex, sulphur, and phos- phorus contained in the metal smelted at Yniscedwyn, has been stated as follows:— Carbon 0.0230 Silex 0.0130 Sulphur 0.0030 Phosphorus 0.004S—0.043S By the old method, four or five tons of coal, at the rate of 4s. 6d. per ton, were consumed to produce one ton of metal; but from the average of three months'observation, it appears that only I ton 7 cwt. of anthracite (not including that employed for heat- ing the blast) was consumed. Anthracite of the best quality is worth 5s. the ton; but that which is cotn- monly consumed averages only 35. 6d., so that the quantity consumed has been reduced to the proportion of 18 to 5. This consumption of anthracite, in the nronortinn of 1.3ft to 1 of i-optii. it much lose than that of the furnaces in the neighbourhood, where cuke is used; hut it would appenr, at first, that with a J I kc temperature towards the base of the furnace, and a combustible material as compact, the gises originating from the combustion ought to be the means of a considerable loss of heat; but the effect of the hot air, as stated above, proves the contrary. Thus we see how great arc the advantages aiising from the employment of anthracite in the manufacture of iron, whether as regards the economy, or the quality of the iron. 1st. It has brought into use a combustible mineral found in the neighbourhood, cheaper than bituminous coal, and consequently much less expensive than coke, and of which a much smaller quantity's required. 2d. The quality of the iron has been sensibly un- proved by the use of it. The anthracite found in many parts of France has not the identical properties of that of Wales, for the same effect h .s hitherto been unattainable in trance. It is known, that in the department of lserc,t.ie mine- rall found in the immediate neighbourhood of the fuel, and it was this circumstance which led to the experi- ments in 1833, but which have merely led to the scientific solution of the question. The Anthracite of Laniure contains— Hydrogen 1.75 Carbon 91.07 Oxygen and azote 4.IS—100.00 which differs from the Welsh anthracite, wnere the proportion of hydrogen is much larger. Thouh the results which have been obtained in the laboratory are unsatisfactory, they do not impede or nullify the pos- sibility of its employment in the blast furnace.— M. Daubrce. Annales des Mines, vol. 14. ."#####' MERTHYR. ASTRONOMY.—Mr Popham's Lectures on Astronomy were delivered at the Angel Inn, on Monday and Tuesday last, as previously announcedeach evening to a crowded audience. A number of maps, diagrams, &c., were exhibited by means of a magic lantern; which seemed to afford considerable satisfaction. With the lecture itself we were not particularly gra- tified. The Rev. T. G. Hall's Outlines of Astronomy, costing something short of a shilling, contains an infinitely clearer and better explanation of tLe science, than Mr POPHAI favoured his hearers with. The pictorial part of the exhibition, however, in some measure compensated for what was lacking in expla- nation. We did not attend the Tuesday's 'ecture. INCREASE OF DKUIDISM IN MEUTHYR TYDFIL.— On Monday evening, the 4th instant, a nev Lodge of the Ancient Order of Druids was opened at the Rheolau Arms, Cae-draw, No. 274, called the Loyal Ancient British Lodge. A great number of the offi- cers and brothers of the Cambrian Lodge attended and assisted on the occasion. This is the third Lodge belonging to the Order in the parish, and several others will be opened in a short time in the town and immediate neighbourhood. SHOCKING AND FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Monday last a young man of the name of Thomas Savage, a native of North Wales, working on tlt Penydarran inclined plane was struck down by the carriage, then ascending with the trains, and the wheels passed over his chest, whereby he wa so dreadfully mutilated that he almost instantly expired. An in- quest was held the same day on view of the body, before W. Davies, Esq., and a respectable jury, when it appeared in evidence that the deceased was, when struck, greasing the rolleis on the carriage way, and, although hailed several times by a person riding on the carriage (who, however, had no con- trol over the same) to desist and get out of the way, the unfortunate man who, it appeared, was rather deaf, continued going on with his work and was thereby prematurely hurried into eternity. Verdict Acci- dental death. ">1'##11 MONUMENT TO THE LATE REV. J. JONES. This monument was erected in Merthyr Church a few days since, and bears the following inscription :— « £ acr ctj to the memory of THE REP. JOHN JONES; who during the last eight years of his earthly pilgrimage, zealously and faithfully, as Curate, minis- tered in this parish in holy things. He died June 10, 1838, aged 38 years and was interred at Llanellv, Carmarthenshire. T H IS MONUMENT to perpetuate his memory, has been erected here at the DIlBI IP 17YDI?VBl' J. V UUtL/ JJiVl .t.l.I- The tablet bearing the above inscription is sur- mounted by a oorijice which sup", a ferrmle figure, weeping by the side of an mn. e whole has been very creditably executed by VVillmm Jones, of Cae Gwyn, near Twynyrhodyn. We /re enabled to say this, having had an opportulli" inspecting it before it was placed in its present position; otherwise it would have been all but impossible to have hazarded any opinion respecting it. it is placed oil the eistej-r) wall, immediately behind the pulpit; but so high that very few can read more than a couple of lines of the inscription. Only one momument had been elected previously on the same wall and this new one would have ranged as closely with it as necessary, and would also have left space sufficient for others to have been placed near them in an uniform mai1,,cr* In the ab- sencc, however, of the Committee, someone.—W(, are not certain who,—contrived to get it placed in almost tlw very worst position that could possibly have been chosen, and to give to that end of the Church the appearance of being iol)-siticd. The Committee regret this circumstance on many accounts; and arc also unwilling to share the odium of so foolish a pro- ceeding,—so directly contrary to their declared inten- tions. With respect to the Sculptor, they have the satisfaction of stating their opinion, that the monu. ment, though executed by one who has had every difficulty to surmount, being literally self-taught, and also the first effort of the kind he has made, would have borne closer inspection than can be bestowed upon it in its present unfortunate locality. They were in- duced to place it in William Jones's hands, because of his desire to execute something, which, shewing his abilities, might serve as a passport to future coin- missions of the same kind; and he has not dis- appointed the expectations of the Committee. From this consideration the price he fixed for his work was excessively low,-by no means equal to his deserts; but if it should serve as an introduction for him to those who can appreciate merit clad in never so humble a garb, and whose wealth affords them the means of encouraging it, his end will be answered. We under- stand some of the Welsh members of the Church intend raising a small sum amongst themselves, to be presented to him, in addition to what the Committee will have to pay him; and we would respectfully suggest that the liherlity of the English members, for the same purpose, would also be very worthily bestowed. The advertisement in our paper of to day is intended to be followed by another next week, announcing the total amount of the funds received, and the manner of their disposal. We believe the balance remaining for the widow and orphans of the late respected Curate, will somewhat exceed a hun- dred pounds. ##### DOWLAIS BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION FOR THE HELlEF OF SUDDEN ACCIDENTS AND RARE INFIRMITIES. I' The following, being tho third annual report, has just been circulated amongst the subscribers. After the lapse of three years, employed in inspect- ing the sick and poor of those districts embraced by the Dowlais Benevolent Institution, the committee feel warranted, by past experience of the benefit and importauce of their society, in renewing their appeal for support to their friends and the public in general. In entering upon their third annual report, whilst they would express their gratitude to Almighty God that they have been enabled thus far to persevere, in relieving tho wants, alll soothing the sorrows of suffering humanity; with 'Oelings of pleasure and satisfaction take a retTOSpeiJl of peaceful progress and benign influence of the Institutiou during the year now ending. Your committee having been delegated to the management of the funds of this society, are not only concerned to justify their conduct to the public, but feel themselves more or less affected as the means possessed have qualified them to answer the end of their appointment; and 10 giving an account of their stewardship, they would declare that they have, in in- vestigating the numerous cases submitted to their notice, endeavoured to keep in view the primary object of the institution, viz., the relief of casual distress in Dowlaisand its adjuncts. In the visitation of the poor to ascertain proper objects, all possible means of enquiry that can be suggested for particular iinformation are embraced; the utmost caution is used to prevent imposition; and in order to this, no person, on any pretence or re- commendation, can be relieved, until called on at their habitation by the visitors,who then and there inter- rogate the parties as regarding their circumstances, together with the circuinstances of their families. "The beginning of the year was marked with much sickness, fevers were very prevalent, and small pox, measles, scarlet fever, with other diseases, made great havoc among botli adults and children; hence the distress of some families at that time was very great: and to meet these cases of emergency, it was necessary that the Committee should meet weekly, and by spontane- ous acts of charity relieve the necessitous: they were however afraid, lest the numerous and pressing calls for relief should induce thein to act imprudently in the disposal of the funds committed to their trust, by vntinv tho whole of tho nnnual oontnhiitians in a few weeks, and that for the last six months of the year they should have no supplies; butthe voluntary exer- tions of two valuable Collectors cheered them exceed- ingly nor would it be becoming to pass in silence the indefatigable industry of these gentlemen, in their ap- peals to the public. "The Committee feel gratified in acknowledging their obligations to Lady Charlotte Guest, for the attention she continues to bestow in watching the progress of the Society; and for her readiness to meet cases of emergency, whensoever presented to her notice. The Committee express their obligation also to fourteen visitors, who, often abridging themselves of domestic ease and comfort, with great self-denial visit the abodes of the sick, expose themselves to infectious fevers, and in the discharge of their duties frequently breathing an atmosphere which cannot he approached without imminent, danger; and from these scenes of woe they testify, that they learn lessons of humanity, which time can uever crase from their memories. In returning thanks to the subscribers generally, the Committee beg to renew their appeals to their humane feelings and affections, in behalf of the accumulated wants of suffering humanity and surely, they who estimate the object with becoming sympathy for the unavoidable woes of their fellow-creatures, and who are blessed by providence with the means of relieving them, will not look upon this charity with indifference, or refuse to bring upon them the blessing of those who are almost ready to perish. 0 The list of subscribers, and the state of the funds was published in our last.'

-& MR FROST, THE MAGISTRATE. This person is, we find, by the London Papers, hob- anobing with O'Connor and his brother Delegates. At a three and sixpenny dinner, last Monday, Feargus being in the chair, proposed the toast—" The people the only source of legitimate power." Mr Frost returned thanks. He said, a few days since he received a letter from Lord J. Russell to the effect that if he should perform his duties as delegate, the Lord Chancellor should be directed to erase his name from the commission of the peace. lie (Mr F.) wrote a spirited reply, and received an answer from Lord John, assuring him that he had mistaken his lordship's letter. (Laughter and clicers.)-Ilowever, here I am (added Mr F.) a delegate and a magistrate, and if Lord John takes my name off, the people will put it on." (Cheering.) The honourable delegate next stated that lie had been twenty years a Radical Reformer. Throughout Wales the people, instead of submitting to be told, as they might ten years ago, that they had nothing to do with the laws but to obey them, now felt they ought to make them. In Mon- mouthshire alone there had been formed, within three months, twenty branches of the Working Men's Association, and there were 15,000 or 20,000 men determined upon having their rights. (Cheers.) VVe have but one or two remarks to make on the above. The first is, that the Delegates complain, with reason, of the imperfect reports of their proceedings published in the London Papers. For instance, the concluding portion of the most important sentence in the above is, we arc pretty confident, omitted. We supply the omission in italics as follows Here I am, a delegate and a magistrate, and if Lord John takes my name off the list of the latter, the people will complete the work by putting it on that of incorrigible noodlesHe says also there are <1 15,000 or 20,000 men determined upon having their rights which means, of putting him upon the aforesaid list as soon as possible, without any regard to what Lord John may or may not d,) and we think the 15,000 or 20,000" arc perfectly right.

NEWPORT. COAL SIIIFPED COASTWISE EXCEPT TO IKELAND. Tons. Newport and Pill Coal Co 757 Newport Coal Co. 445 J. F. Hanson 410 W. and R. Thomas I OC) R. Welsh 370 Ann Rees, and Co 144 Tredegar Coal Co 387 W. T. H. Phelps 220 James Poole, Jun 669 COAL SHIPPED COASTWISE TO IIlELAND. Newport and Pill Coal Co. 420 W. and R. Thomas. 200 NEWPORT. -The barque Florist, builtbv Mr Perkins, of this port, and commanded by Captain Andrews, arrived at Charleston, the port of her destination, on the 10th of January. On Sunday last, a sermon was preached at St. Woolos Church, Newport, by the Rev. Hugh Wil- liams, M.A., Vicar of Bassalleg, in aid of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts. THE GLAMOHG-YX STEAMER.—Wc are glad to he enabled to say, for the safety and comfort of passen- gers, the Steam Packet Company have put on the Glamorgan, a fine powerful packet, to ply between this port and Bristol, in the room of the Lady Rodney. The Duke of Beaufort arrived in town last Monday from Badminton, for the purpose of joining the dis- tinguished company at the Duke of Wellington's banquet. A NonLE EXAMPLE.—The inhabitants of Trelleck, one of the parishes of the Monmouth Union have voluntarily assessed themselves in a rate amounting to upwards of sixty pounds, for the purpose of covering expenses incurred in relieving the poor, and in other matters, which have been refused to be allowed by the Poor Law Commissioners. SIR CHARLES MORC-Arf.-Oll Monday the St. Woollos bells rang merrily in commemoration of Sir Charles Morgan's birth-day. Sir Charles has reached his 80th year, and we arc happy to say is in good health and spirits. PARISH OF SELLACIC.—We have the pleasure to lfarn that the inhabitants of this small parish have subscribed the sum of twenty-six pounds, for the pur- pose of presenting to their late Curate, the Rev. Robert Armitage, a lasting testimonial of their affec- tionate regard. UNIONS V. MARRIAGES.—An anonymous corres- pondent of the Merlin last week hazards the following —"Tiie fact, if it be true, that in many of these registered places [of the Dissenters] no marriage has yet taken place, amounts to nothing; for we know that in one-half of the churches licensed for the pur- pose, a marriage seldom or never takes place." Thanks to our venerable Establishment, very many of our small villages have not been left dependent on the "voluntary principle" for their religious instruction. "S Years ago, the Church erected the banner of the Cross in those sequestered spots and the gates of hell have not yet prevailed against it. Giving then M. G. S. the benefit of every rural district, we ask for the proof of his assertion. We are fearful we ask in vain, because happily we know too well, how much worse a faithful answer would shew the case of Civil Unionists to be,—worse even than they perhaps at present think. We are fearful we ask in vain, because the anonymous writer in question throws a doubt on the fact" tlw t in many of those registered places [of the dissenters] no marriage, or union, has yet taken place." He must either be profoundly ignorant, or worse. ROBBEUIES.-It has been our painful task, within the last few weeks, to record the particulars of several depredations which have been committed upon the property of the farmers of this county. We have now to add another instance to the already extended cata- logue. On the night of Friday, or on Saturday morning last, an ewe sheep was killed in a field be- longing to Mr Phelps, fCaerhckeu, nd carried away. Several trespasses having been previously committed on Mr Phelps's farm, he has, with a laudable desire to check the continuance of such outrages, offered the liberal reward of £ 20, for the apprehension and con- viction of the offenders. We trust the course pursued by Mr P. may have the desired effect.iferlin. Mn CHARLES RICHARDS. ofPontypool, a short time since, killed a pig, of the Glamorganshire breed, only nine months old, which weighed the enormous weight of 35 score lOibs. A Pig of tlat age attaining the above weight is of very extraordinary occurrence. PROTESTANT CONFEDERATION. — (From a Corres- pondent of the Beacon.) A general meeting of the Pontypool District of this Society was held at the house of brother David Philips, Lamb and Flag Inn, in Abersychan, on the 26th ult. the hour of meeting being six o'clock in the evening. Long before that time the large room was crowded by the members waiting the arrival of the representatives from the distant Lodges. At the appointed time, the Lodge being opened with prayer, the following resolution of the committee was read :-Resolve(], That a repre- sentative from this district be sent to attend the next Grand Lodge Meeting, OT the first day of July next, to be held in the town of Oldham, Lancashire. Brother G. Loyd, of Trosnant, proposed Mr Win. Tumtim. Deputy Grand Master of this district, and Brother David Cornfield seconded him in a very hand- some manner as a true brother Protestant and a staunch Conservative, and well qualified to watch St. over the welfare of the Lodges entrusted to his care. Lodge business being ended, three cheers were given for the Queen, and three cheers for John Newton, Esq., Grand Master of Great Britain. New warrants were then granted for the following places,—Thos. Evans, Pendarran, William Philips, and Evan Hop- kins. Tredegar. Evan Thomas. Rvmnev. TIIE ABERGAVENNY RACES are fixed for the 3rd and 4th days of April next. THE MONMOUTHSHIRE HlJT DINNER took place Oil Wednesday last, at tbe Angel Hotel, Abergavenny, at which W. Strctton, Esq., presided, and F. C. Batt, Esq., (who was supported by 24 gentlemen) took the vice-chair. The dinner was, according to Mr Barrett's general manner, excellent, and the wines of the best quality. The usual loyal and other toasts were given, iiid the party kept up the harmony with great spirit until an early hour the following morning. MELANCHOLY DFATH.-OD Thursday week, a daugiiter of Mr Davis, of Abercarne, having gone out for a walk, and not returning at her usual time, fear was entertained for her safety. A search was imme- diately made, when another daughter of Mrs Davis observed the lifeless body of her sister in the canal. BEER SHOPS.—We are informed that in the parish of Lianthewv Rhyddcrch, near Abergavenny, some of y 11 the beer shop keepers allow their customers to play at cards and skittles to such an extent, as to be a cause of great suffering and distress to many poor families in that neighbourhood. This is manifestly a violation of their licenses, and in doing so, those persons ex- pose themselves to the infliction of heavy penalties. Every beer shop in which practices such as those specified are tolerated, is a pest and a nuisance to the neighbourhood in which it exists, and it is the duty, as we know it is the wish, of the magistrates to punish the violators of the law. We have received a letter this week from a correspondent, which contains par- ticulars relative to these houses, and also naming some families who have suffered great privations in conse- quence of the dissoluteness which is allowed to be practised in them. We hope the constables will look to this matter, and take such measures as will put an end to scenes of exteiisi ve (I e moral izat ion. -Merlin. EBBWVALE.—The person wboreceived an accident here on Saturday sc'nnight, by the Newport locomotive engine, died on Tuesday moriiitig-mortificatioti having taken place in the injured parts.

ABERGAVENNY PETTY SESSIONS, FEBRUARY 6. [Before the HON. WM. RODNEY, F. H. WILLIAMS, Esq., and the Rev. WM. POWELL.] Mr Wm. Powell, tanner, appealed against the Poor Rate, and alleged that he was rated at more than the premises would realize if rented. Mr Prosser, of Hereford, a tanner, stated that he was well acquainted with the value as well as the rental of most tan yards, — that bo had been over Mr Powells' premises, and that he did not believe it woull rent at more than X too altogether. The gross estimated value of Mr Powell's tan yard, house, &c.,on thi rate-book was £ 120 rate- able value XIOO. Stable X7; rateable value .t(i 10s. Mr Powell's case was conducted by W. Secretan, Esq., Attorney; and that of the Overseers by Thomas Baker, Esq. W. Price, Esq., Attorney, attended for the purpose of appealing against tie Poor Rate, but not having given notice to the pirties concerned, the case was dismissed. Edmund Jones and his wife, Rees Jones, and John Jones, were charged with violently assaulting Walter VVatkins, at Aberystruth, on Saturday, the 26th of January last. The case was dismissed.—T. Baker, Esq., Attorney, for defendants. The same defendants were also charged with assaulting Charles Rogers. This case was likewise dismissed. Thomas Mellington, and Harriet his wife, were summoned for detaining a coat, hat, &c., the property of Thomas Ind. They were ordered to give up the clothes when Ind would pay 2s., which he owes Met- lington, for his lodgings. John Price, Joseph Jones, and Richard Cole, were summoned for nonpayment of Poor Rates, and were ordered to pay or a levy to be made on their effects. '#

13reC01t;ftíre. SHERIFFS APPOINTED BY HER MAJESTY IN COUNCIL, FOR 1839. Herefordshire.—John Hi-jford, of Abbey Dore, Esq. Monmouthshire. — Colthurst Bateman, of Pertho- lev, Esq. Soinersetshire.-Sir William Coles Medlycott, of Milborne Port, Bart. NORTH WALES. Anglesey.—James Greenfield, of Ryddgaer, Esq. Caroarvonshire.-Joliti I'Villiaiiis, of Hendregadno, Esq. Denbighshire.—Sir John Williams, of Bodlewvddau, Bart. Flintshire.—John Oflley Crewe Read, of Hawarden, Esq. Merionethshire.—The Hon. Edward Mostyn LloYll Mostyn, of Plashen. Montgomeryshire David Hamer, of Glanrafon, Esq. SOUTH WALES. Breconshirc-John Lloyd, of Dinas, Esq. Cardianshire.- Tlw H011. George Vaughan, of Cwmnwydion, Esq. Carmarthenshire.—Johu Edward Saunders, of Glanrlivdw, Esq. Glamorganshire.—Charles Henry Smith, of Gwern- llwynwith, Esq. Poinbrokeshire.-Gilbert William \Varren Davie?, of Mullock, Esq. Radnorshire.—Henry Lingen, of Penlanolev, Esq. THE HOUSE-WARMING DINNER at the Castle Hotel, Brecon, took place on Wednesday week; Lloyd V. Watkins, Esq took the chair, in the absence of Mr Morgan. Upwards of 130 gentlemen sat down to diuner. BARLEY BREAD.—We have been favoured with a sample of bread made from barley flour, which certainly is very palatable, and superior to what is termed Brat) bread made from wheat; in Devonshire we understand barley bread is generally used in the most respectable farm bouses.—Hereford Journal. LLANELLY RAILWAY.—The length of this line and branches is 22 miles; the capital £ 200,000; the whole land has been purchased, and the contracts let for £ 135,765, about 6,000 a mile, leaving ..e6,23;j to ext ud the line 6 miles further, to Llandilo, if the company please, which they intend to do, as it is only estimated to cost offSOjOOO, and the revenue calcu- lated at £ 6.750 per annum. There are about six miles finished, and paying a good dividend. This month some five more will be finished, and in May it is confidently expected the whole 22 miles will be opened for traffic, from which date they expected to divide 12 per cetit.- Railway Magazine. DREADFUL ACCIDENT. On Thursday week an inquest was held before William Bonville, Esq., Coroner, at Llangennech village, on view of the body of David Protbcroe, who was accidentally shot by a guti that had been used on the morning of the accident bv Mr Biddulph's Gamekeeper, who incautiously placed it on the foreseat of a Phaeton without takiug off the cap. The young man was in the act of draw- ing the gun with the muzzle towards him, when the hammer of the lock caught in the dash board of the Phaeton, and the gun went off and lodged the charge in his right breast, driving with it a part of the collar of his coat. He spoke several words before he expired. The jury returned a verdict of Accidental death. It is hoped that this will be sufficient caution to persons using guns, to discharge them before they put them out of their hands. LORD FOLEY having arrived in England, therecanno longer be any possible obstacle to the holding of the county sessions. There arc 208 piisoners in the county gaol, 104 of whom are for trial. No new case of fever has broken out, and the patients in the in- firmary are recovering.— Worcester Journal. THE ASSIZES AND SESSIONS in and for the County of Montgomery, are to be holden henceforth at Welsh- pool, ill the spring, and at Newtown in the summer. THE DUKE AND DUTCHESS OF SOMERSET have with their accustomed kindness at this season of the year, most liberally given clothing and fuel to the poor of the various parishes in the counties of Wilts, Somerset, and Dorset, within which part his Grace's property is situated. MURDER IN CORNWALL.—A horrible murder has been committed during the past week at a small village named Trevarth, in the parish of Gwcnnap, near Redruth, on an old woman, aged 00, named Lovely Loan, the wife of Jesse Lean, a miner and small farmer. THE CENTENARY FUSD has now reached j?140,000. HEALTH OF MRS. CARR.- We regret that we cannot report any amendment in the health of this estimable lady. We find on enquiry at the Palace that our worthy diocesan is better .-TV urccstcr Guardian. AN AWKWARD PREDICAIEST.-On Monday evening last, a young woman was on her way home; her path was across Staunton-coinmou, in this county, (Herefordshire), but owing to the late very heavy up-hill rains, she found the Wye had overflowed its banks, and her progress impracticable. She, however, made nn attempt, but as she advanced she found the water become deeper; besides, it was now rising so fast that she feared to retreat. In this dreadful dilemma she sought refuge in a tree, which she managed to ascend. The cold was intense. In the course of the night she felt, although almost numbed to death, that irresistible inclination to sleep which is known to be experienced by persons in similarly cold circumstances; she fell asleep, and was precipitated from her place of rest into the water, which was more than four feet deep; happily, the moon shone brightly; she recovered her feet, and succeeded in again climbing the tree, where she remained until morning. She was soon discovered, and, by the assistance of a boat, was safely brought to land. The poor girl suffered greatly from the cold her legs were much swolleu, but we are happy to say she is in a fair way of re- covery.— Hereford Times.

BIRTHS. On Saturday last, at Glanyrafon, the lady of H. Lucas, Esq., M.D., of a daughter. On the 27th ult., at Rutnncy, the wife of Mr Rosser, grocer, of a son. On Saturday, Jan. 19, at the Hawthorn Cottage, near Cardifl, the wife of Mr n. Haddock, agent for the Alclin- griflith and Pentyrch Company, of a sou. DEATHS. On the 4th, at Lanishcn, aged 87, Margaret, reljct of Mr William Davies, formerly of Graig-gollen, Merthyr. Jan. 27th, at her residence, in Pitville Parade, Chel- tenham, aged 81, Ellen, relict of the late Rev. Thomas Leyson, vicar of Bassalleg, Monmouthshire, and daughter of the late Morgan Lewis, Esq., of St. Pierre, in the same county. Feb. 1st, at Caerleon, Monmouthshire, after a few hours'illness, Mr John Cope. On Sunday, the 3rd inst., at Trecastle, Breconshare, at the advanced age of 84, Eleanor, relict of the late 1 i Thomas Evans. Jan. 24th, at his residence in Bristol, aged 83,j Smith, Esq., barrister-at-law, one of the Bcncheis o 3 Society of Gray's-inn, and assessor of the Bristo of Requests. On the 29th ult., at the Rummer Hotel, Ctrdiff, AfIr