The Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian

j 8 subject of interesting comparison, we subjoin a ew particulars of die Imports and Exports of FRANCE ,0r the above year Imports, 1831 X 14,967,000 Exports, 1831 18.222,960 ]Fron, the items, of which these totals are composed, e shall select the following Tt Imports. Exports. United Slates £ 1,900,000 4,407.000 2,021,600 1,505,000 (lerm;tny 1,099,600 1,644,100 *Pai" 808,800 1,441,000 1,478,800 849.400 Indies 861,700 87,000 (exclusive of) "furbon 509.600 148,000 ~hlD« 26,100 1,450 trus«ia 325.600 252,000 Russia 398.800 225,480 Turkey and Greece 364 900 351,000

4HdDE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. YEAR ENDED 5TH JANUARY, 1333. >« total official value of IMPORTS £ '44,586,241 15 0 bS°1Exports' viz-: — fall an^ produce and manu« F^l £ 65,026,702 11 0 and Colonial merchandizs 11,044,869 17 0 X76,071,572 8 0 thu" l'le 8eneral result of the external commerce of •We thUn'ry ^urin8 t'ie P3St ytfar • atlt* we w1'" now en" e d the reader to compare it with that of the year pre. Oft? *o3i* ,*alue of IMPORTS; 5th ,"kn- 1831 to same day 1832 £ 49,727,108 14 6 BFI'Y OF EXPORTS, ditto:— f.„ an^ Iriih produce and man- 12 10 eign and Colonial merchandize 10,745,120 9 7 — zCll,431,491 2 5 ^ce-we have an annua*for "osetwo years, of IMPORTFJ to ifie of- ficial!vi,lue of X47. Cwr 6,67 4 Nat- ORTS, viz. Po '.VePr°dui-e and manufactures 02,856,">33 ei8» and Colonial merchandize 10,894,99/' X73,751,530 t. j. fo e let to receive a return of the details, for the Print I from tllose of 1831, which have just been Pus We collect, tint our largest IMPORTS and Ex- u Ts Weie from and to the undermentioned countries ly,viz,-

Herts agricultural association. Ou Saturday tnst a meeting, convened by public ad- ;ertlaement, was held at the Town Hall, St. Alban's, to ,l> a Branch As>ociation for that district, on which JJ^8'00 many practical and intelligent agriculturists e their attendance, amongst whom were noticed S. R. <j "y.Esq. who was called to the chair, J.Lomax, J. Haw- 4\;118, D. ü. Adey, and J. M. Winters, Esqrs., the Rev. •ftg G' I"owe' Es(l" the Mayor of St. Alban's, the u' ^T' ^8<1'» Mr. Parrott, the Steward of Q Karl of Verulam. Messrs. Hoare, of the Grove, «°ugh, of Cunningham Hill Farm, Shirley of Shenlty, JVall> of Napsbury,j R. Sibly Giddings, of North ^oas, Dorringion, of VVheathamstead, &c. &c. W. B'agg, was very unanimously elected te oflice of Honorary Secretary, which that gentleman gtefrfuHy accepted a committee was appointed, and the Meeting is to take place on Saturday, the 6th of July, in utili,y °'< agricultural associations is already show- bl?v.'Se'^ Hempated, wool fairs are in progress of esta- j^Miment, under the auspiccs, and at the expense of the is a lch association of that town and neighbourhood. It j,xPec'ed that Waiford will follow the example. The respectable and numerous assemblage ot the im- «u district for St. Alban's, augur its future effici- "to protect the interests of all classes dependent ? agriculture, and to encourage the skill and industry -!>,e agricultural labourer." llchin, notwithstanding the annual subscriptions are as five shillings, has formed a branch association, subscriptions in the aggregate exceed fifty pounds. aPprehension entertained by some individuals, at the its i 0rm»tion of the Herts Agricultural Association," of •"d object in view, has entirely subsided, he unanimity with which county gentlemen, and every ia ScrIption of agriculturists ofdissimiiarpolitics co-operate, t0 c°mplete refutation thereto. They all meet cheerfully Oj0m°le these objects, as they are the common cause »6r parties. Let whoever may hold the reins of go- t'nnlent, neceMity, if not policy, will sooner or later lar ^at the land, its produce, and cultivators, must them 3, PrinciPaI object of attention. But the farmers j)f0 whose interests are so especially sought to be »HUl otedi as well as putting the hand to the plough, t() a"° put the shoulder to the wheels of this society, '^illin 'l t>ie 8reatest permanence and use. A five- pecu & anaual subscription can be no prevention, from ,i ,ary considerations; and the meetings being held e»eiJ mArket days, their personal attendance (an object >iien greater importance) can present but little inconve- ^"owl *088 .°^ tinQe» al ^east not more than from tbe 6 Uerivab,e-> bY an interchange of ideas, the dif- n,anua' an(^ mechanical labour, and the ^•r w IA °" l'*e iud8ment the experimental far- ould amply compensate—Herts County Press.

LEUE^FNDERS' EXPEDITION.—The following Jj: roin Richard Lander to It. W. Hay, £ sq., dated IRer Expediiiori, River Nun, Oct. 26, 1832," was ttad 4 it the Geographical Society :— Uhder e t',e honour to inform you, that the expedition Well. miy COm,nand arrived here on the 20th instant, all v*rp" fpund on my arrival here the captain of tha Li- *illb 'S'j Susan, had paid King Boy. I hope you ^0y P'€ased to honour the bill. I have :nade Kin^r *ere ""ndsome present from the ordnance stores you P»nief enough to supply me with and he accom- ^ijj„ ,0 the Eboe country to settle the palaver with hte. King Boy and King Forday were very glad Hi! jif116 again, and say I an\ no man, but a devil. I 'l fo'Y^iog, a°d expect te^ each the Eboe country ^tr. ,j and feel quite confident of success. I find *c°« sent out by the Admiralty, a very agreeable Pr °|J* (Signed) RICHARD LANDER." • l«iu 'he account of the seaman who was the bearer ol t*tM "Tom Richard Lander to his brother in Liver- t)t IL' tarther learn that it seems all the vessels of the «^]|10? reached the Eboe country previously to t>. leaving the Nun River. The man states that cners stemmed the current bravely, and ascended Tij aPParen, ease —Literary Gaz. yitaj^^ER STORIII.-We, and probably all k deSc *e ^ust heen visited by a tliunder storm of tlit **tf of "Pl'on* Tuesday morning exhibited an eastern j »ery dense character, 'iiie double flashes ol ,f>dow ? "ghtning struggled through every crevice tin «*tii)g ut(ers or curtains were proof against its pene- W *eHre" ^ne ^ash' 'n particular, was immediately ^°Ple g ? a peal so loud and astounding that mosi th i^tung instinctively to their feet, and some f°Uhj]t0.each othei's arms. Every house shook to *t ^e. aV0n* w»s, indeed, fearfully and awfully A 'trong wind has now succeeded to this Beneral storm, and a copious fall of rain is v* ti0j i le green and rejoicing fields around us. We ear", of any accident —Edinburgh Courant,

THE LATEST LONDON INTELLIGENCE. (From the London Guardian of Friday, yesterday.) The Augsburg Gazette contains a long article from Semlin stating that letters had been received ir that town from Constantinople, hinting that a rupture between the great Powers was likely to take place if the causes of collision were not speedily removed, and that the Porte was doing its utmost to hasten the retreat of the Egyptian army, in order to be able to do without foreign counsel. It appears that the Sultan, who is predisposed for the Russians, is earnestly solicited by his ministers to get rid of the Russian troops as soon as possible, because their presence is displeasing to the French, who appear to have great influence in the Divan. The Turks, with the ex- ception of those in the French or Egyptian interest, have lost their ancient antipathy for the Russians, and begin to consider them as the natural protectors of the Porte. The Sultan is said to dread Admiral Roussin, who passes for be. ing a violent and energetic man, while he is attached to Count Orloff, %i honi he has long known: he has re- quested that nobleman to leave his troops encamped on the banks of the Bosphorus till Ibrahim's army shall have passed the Tauris, notwithstanding all that Admiral Roussin may say or do to prevent their doing so. It is certain that Marshal Soult is about to proceed to take the waters, and that he will cease to belong to the Ministry. Lord Granville and family have arrived in Paris. (From the Journal du Commerce.) The reduction of the export premium on manufactured cottons, as was to be expected, has by no means pleased our manufacturing districts. This modification of a single article in our customs has given rise to general complaints from our manufacturers against our whole system of customs; it is stated that the premium of 50 francs hitherto granted for the exportation of 100 ki- logrammes of manufactured cottons had been calculated in proportion to the unfavourable conditions imposed on the producers; that it consisted on the one hand of a drawback of 25 francs from the duty paid on the impor- tation of raw cotton, and of 25 francs on the other, as a compensation of the heavy charges to whichfirst matiersare exposed in France; consequently that it was manifestly unjust to diminish the prClIliUIlI one half, without dimi- nishing the charges to which manufacturers are liable, to (he same amount. It is through this that tile (leputicit from manufacturing towns have demanded a reduction on the import duty on iron and on coal. It is our intention to meet the question positively, and to appreciate by figures the validity of the complaints of the cotton trade. Four elements are to be considered in the expense of manufacturing iron-coal, meat, and bread these .four articles pay very heavy duties. Let us calculate to what amount these duties may increase the expense of ma- nufacturing 100 kilogrammes of cotton. Iron being subject to an import duty of 25 francs per 100 kilogrammes, and cast iron to a duty of 9f. per 100 kil., a manufacturing steam engine, 30 horse power, costs 500,000 francs in France, while it cost, but 325,000 in England; thus such all establishment, in consequence of the iron duty, is subject to an annual additional ex pense of 10,000 r., which in the manufacturing of 120,000 kilogrammes, makes an increase of of. 3oc. per 100 kilogrammes. Coal pays an import duty of If. 20c. of 33 c., or of 1 le- per 100 kilogrammes, according to whether it comes from lingland, Belgium, or Prussia. Let us suppose that our manufactories, for the most part eituated in the north. employ Belgian coal. An engine of 30 horse power, consuming 1,80U kilogrammes of coal, and spinning 400 kilogrammes daily, would, in consequence of the 33c. duty, augment the expense of spinning 100 kilogrammes of cotton If. 50c. Weaving is not performed in France as it is in Eng. land by means of machines; perhaps not one fortieth of our weaving is done in that way. This in owing to the high price of iron and of coal. In order to appreciate more fully the results of the duties on these articles, we might compare the price of weaving with machines in England, and by manual labour in France; but this would be departing from the rig rous calculation we have undertaken. Let us compare weaving by machinery in the two countries 100 machines, possessing a steam engine of six horse power, pay a duty of about 25 or 30,000f. this comes to an increase of at least 2,0OOf annually, and consequently, as these looms manufacture 15,000 itieces, or 18,700 kilogrammes annually, to an increase of 10.1. 70c. per 100 kilogrammes of cotton goods. By entering into a similar calculation to the one above, wo find that the duty on coal occasions an increase of If. 20c. in the manufacturing of 100 kilogrammes of cotton goods. Let us now examine the influence that the import du ties on cattle and corn produce in the price of manual la- bour in the manufacturing of cotton goods. M. C. Dupin calculated that corn would fall to 9f. 80c. if the corn trade were free. But this calculation was made in order to frighten the Chamber it may be estimated, on considering the difficulty of carriage, and the rise that would take place in foreign corn, if France were to ad- mi t it free of duty, that the tariffs cause a rise of 2 or 3 francs per hectolitre of corn upon 75 kilogrammes of bread. The quantity of bread daily bought by the work- man for himself and ta.mily being about five pounds, the legislation of corn makes him daily pay 16 cents more than he would otherwise do. The duty on cattle produces, on an average, an io. crease of ten cents per pound of meat: supposing that the meat bought by the Workman be lib. daily, he has to pay consequently 10 cents per diem. To this let us add an increase of five cents daily in the price of fuel in consequence of the cofti duly, and espe- cially in consequence of the duty on iron, which has caused such a considerab e rise in the value of wood. By adding these divers centimes together, we find that the workman pays 31 cents daily, i. e. more than one-seventh of his day's wages, reckoning them at two francs. Workmanship being 240f. for every 100 kilogrammes ma, nufactured by machinery, 80 for spinning, and 160 for weaving) it is evident that the tariff's, in articles of first necessity, occasion an increase of 35 francs per 100 kilo. grammes of cotton goods. Thus, then, the cotton trade is shackled by a sum of 56f. 70c. per 100 kilogrammes of manufactured goods, by the duties as mentioned above, viz. I. c. Duty on iron for spinning and weaving 19 0 Ditto coal 2 70 Increase of workmen's wages through the corn, cattle, and iron duties 35 0 -I Total 56 TO If we compare the expense of manufacturing in Frince to that of tnanuficturin, in England, we shall find that our neighbours have an advantage of 25f. at least, on account ot their obtaining coal and iron cheaper; but their having to pay more than we with respect to manual labour, reduces their advantage to 15f. per 100 kilogrammes of manufactured cotton. Let it not be supposed that we demand a premium of 15 francs in favour of the cotton manufacturers the chamber hjs laid its hand on premiums, and we approve it but it ought, at the same time, to modify the enor- mous dinies on the importation of first matters, which raise to so great a degree the expenses of manufacturing It is the necessity of these modifications that we have endeavoured to prove, by giving the cotton trade as an instance: it is to the price of labour and of fuel, those two great elements of industry, lhat we principally call Lhenttention of the chamber and of government. As the bill on the custom house duties cannot be voted i this year, it is said that several Deputies intend proposing I that Government be intrusted with powers extensive enough to put the country immediately into possession ot the IlIlprovements it promises. It is true that there is a law which enables it to diminish the tariffs on the im- portation of first matters, but that is not sufficient; it must also be enabled to abolish, for instance, the obsta- cles preventing the exportation of raw silk it is on that condition alone that England will continue to receive our manufactured silks. Shall we, by a culpable negligence, be exnaaed-tro lose-a market of 20 milliolis ? FRENCH FUNDS, JUNE 18. Five per Cents 103180c Bank Stock 1807f 50c l-'our per Cents lOOf 75e de f;,?Ple8„9lf 20« Three per Cent* Wf 85c Ke»te «,er| h,at ""main 91$ National Loan 1031' 50c Rente d Espagne 10 Exchange on Loudon—One Monili, « "Per' 'Oc Money, —f —c Three Montlis, Paper, 5>5f 00c Money, —f—c.— Conrs Aulhentigue.

Wednesday,theRecorder made a report to his Majesty of the prisoners in Ncwgate under sentence 01 death, convicted at the last Old Bailey Sessions, viz. Joseph Bowley, 39, returning from transpurtation; John Smith, 21, 1 homas Guest, 16, George Richardson, 21, William Ward, 14. Nicholas White, 9, and Mary Jones, 18, all for housebreaking; and Job Cox, 32, stealing a letter from the Post-office; all of whom his Majesty was graciously pleased to respite during his (loyal pleasure, except Job Cox, who is left for execu- tion on Tuesday next,

AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE LONDON, AND LIVERPOOL MARKETS. LONDON CORN EXCHANGE, JUNE 19. The wheat trade this morning, although the supply was small, consisted of that which remained over from Monday, having had no fresh arrivals. The few sales made were on the terms of Monday, but a clearance could not be effected as the demand was to a very limited ex- tClIt. The quantity of oats now on hand is very con- siderable, and scarcely any progress was made in sales to-day, the late rains having deterred the dealers from purchasing, anticipating lower prices. In beans and peas there is no alteration. MONDAY'S TRICES. \Vheat, Essex R*d 4Ss a 53a White 34s a 3fi» Fine. 56g a 60s l'oilevs 40s a 42« Old -8 a -8 Beans, Small. 360; a 408 \Vhite 54s a 5gg Ticks 32s a 34s a 63s Harrow 36s a 3/s Superfine a 65s Outs, Feed 17s a 18s few -8 a -8 Fine. 2i)s a 21s ttve -9 a Poland 19, a 208 Barley 2C" II. 328 Fine. 2_'s a 23s Malt Ms a 60 ilottttoe. ^3s a 24s Fine. 60a a 64s Fi.e. 25s a 26, Peas, Hog. 32 a 338 Brau 8s a 10s ■Maple 358 a 36s i Pollard, till" 16s a I-t, LONDOhTcoAL MARKET, JUNE 17. Price of Coal per ton at the close of business :— Beaumont, 13-Htbbufll, 13s 6d—Holy well, 14s— Orde's Redhugh, 12s 6d Pontop Windsor, 14s 6d- Tanfield, 16s Cd—Townley, 13s—Wylam, 15s-Dell's Primrose, 12s 6d—Lambton Primrose, 13; 6d—Hartley, 14-Shipcote, 13s.Vall's End Tees, 15s-Souili Durham, 13s—Adelaide, 13s to 13s 3d-Tees, Tan- field, 12s—Stewart's, 15s 3d to 15s fid—Russell's Het- ton, 15s 6d—Lambton, 16s 3d-Betlon, 15s 6d- Brown's, ]3s 3J-Clark and Co. 12s 3d-Gosfortli, 14s 3d—Hilda, 13s-HotJlur, 13s Newmarch, 13s 3d- Northumberland, 12s 9d—Perkins, 13s—Riddell's, 14s to 14s 3d.—Shins arrived, 52. JUNE 19. Adair's, 13s 6d—Beaumont, 13s—Hebburn, 13s GJ- Holywell, 13s 9d—Orde's Redheugli, 12s 6d- Poiitop Windsor, its GJ-Tanfieltl, 16s 6d—Tovvr.ley, 13,- Bell's Primrese, 13s 6d—Tee's Tanfield, 12s—Hartley, End Elgin, 131 6d—Tees, 14s 9d to 15s -Adelaide, 128-Brown'8, 13s GJ-Hilda, 13s—Kil- lingworth, 13s 9d—Newmarch, 13s 3d—Perkins, 13s— Riddell's, 14s 6d.—No arrivals.

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANOK, June lb.-Since this day week the imports of grain have been very small, and we have had abundance of rain, which has removed the apprehension of further injury to the crops from drought, and it remains yet to be seen whether the injury already sustained from this cause, and by a very severe gale of wind last week, may not yet in some degree be recovered, although certainly there is up to this time, an appearance of short crops of grass, potatoes, and of all grain generally, throughout this and the neighbouring districts ;-but it is yet much too soon to be able to form any decided opinion of the coming harvest. There has been rather a better demand during the latter part of the past week here, and in our country markets, for almost every kind of grain, induced not so much by the capricious changes of weather as by the very moderate prices here— so much lower than in any other influential market. The millers and dealers have deemed it prudent to increase their small stocks, and some sales have also been made to speculators, chiefly of the finest qualities of wheat, oats, and oatmeal, at a small advance, and many holders have withdrawn their sam- ples from present sale. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, June 18 We have hitt a moderate demand for Cotton to-day the sales are 2,500, at very full prices; 1,000 of the above were taken by speculators.

LONDON MONEY MARKET. gap- CITY. THURSDAY EVENING. The Consol market has been in an uneasy state this morning. Consols for Account opened at 89g 90, fell to 89 (buyers,) and arc now 89H. A large sale for the 4 Account was the principal cause of the depression. Bank Stock continues firm at from 204i to 205. In the Foreign Securities, up to the present hour, there has been no variation of consequence. Consols have continued steady since the morning at 89J to 90 for the Account, with little doing at present. The Foreign Market is also void of interest.

PRICES OFSJfARES—fn a as DAr Per Slitre. j»er SLare. iVnglo Mexican 12 Del Monte 29 United ditto 12| Brazilian 63 Colombian 9 BoUnos 140 LONDON PRICES OF STOCK. Fmlay. Satur Tuea. \Ve<l. Tbuu "ocrCent.Cons. Cons, for Acct. 904 <*94 6 90i 4 89j 89J 90 89j 90 per Cent. He 88^ J i>8i j S9j i &3j J 88| j 83; ^4 percent. ItecU- 96 95^ £ 96 6j 95j J 95i g 9j| New 3$per Cent I percent., 132b lost i 1024 I 102$ £ 102,; J 102{ 3 110.i Jank Stock 204j j 203{ 4j 20 1 5 202 3 204 5 2(Hj L.oin> Annuities l~ £ 16 17 17t Bxeheouer Hiils|50 58 60 51 50 51 5t 52 51 52 51 52 india '-or-da. 29 3-t 29 30 29 30 29 31 29 31 29 30 Helgi.ui 914 92 914 e 91 £ 4 914 i 91* j 91* Sr.uilian BondsiCS} 7i 6fi] 7j H6i fi C>7 ? Ii7? 8 68 Chilian Hon<1s.. 25 26 25 26 25 26 J5 26 25 26 26 Colombian, 182-1 i23j 24 23 j 23 3i 23 j 23 J 1231 Oanisli Honns.. 3i 7x 73, 74 731 4: i3 y 73 4 74 i)utch2 £ perCem;48i 49 48J J 49 £ lSj 9 4Sj 9 49| French5perCeni L )iltu 3 per Cent ireek5 per Cen; 39 41 39*41"" 39*41 39 41 39 41 41" Mexic«n6jierCt. 35 35j 35 5j 35 5.f 35 i 35$35J t'ortuguese 59 60 59 60 60J 60 59 j 60 59? 60 60 Ditto Scrip ,.|2i 1J,«, lj,ijg 2, 2 rli«;2*2 dis* 2 £ 2 diij tusiiia'i itornls. 104 104 41 104s i 1104 5 104 j 104j Spmiii^ Bonds. 118j 19 ||8f 19 19j j 119 i i [19

MERTHYR 7 YDVIL, SATURDAY, June 22, 1833. 4- An interesting debate took place in the House of Lords on Monday evening last; or rather the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Chief Baron severally delivered their opinions upon the plan introduced by the former for the establishment of Courts of Local Jurisdiction throughout England and Wales. 0 el We are decidedly favourable to the principle from which this plan originates; or in other words we are most anxious to see judicial arrangements made, through which the rights of small property may be ascertained and defended, without those law expenses by which the subject matter is often overwhelmed, so as to amount almost to a denial of justice. We must admit, however, that nothing is more easily said, and nothing is more difficult to effect: speedy law and speedy justice are too very different things, and we are much afraid that the bill proposed by the Lord Chancellor is not the best course which could be pursued. We are forced to admit that Lord BROUGHAM'S Bill is open to many and to more forcible objections than we were willing to believe. In a word, the speech of Lord LYNDHURST is unanswerable indeed it was, we understand, one of the finest efforts he ever exhibited of that surpassing talent, that deep, sound, and practical knowledge of all the matter and workings of the laws of England, expressed with that amazing clearness and simple eloquence which are tacitly acknowledged by all parties and all classes, attracting as they do to the Court of Exchequer, over which he presides, the most im- portant cases from every part of the kingdom, both from the Court of the Lord Chancellor and from all the other Courts in Westminster HaJI. The speech of Lord LYNDHURST evidently produced a great impression upon both sides of the house but the great body of Conservative Peers, and Lord LYNDHURST himself, as we have heard, among the number, were unwilling to interpose by a positive vote to prevent the bill from going into committee. In this decision of the Con- servative party, we recognise that unpretending regard for the interests of the poorer classes of his Majesty's subjects, and that respect for the monarchical institutions of our country, for which they are distinguished: in short, they ap- peared desirous to acknowledge the principle of any measure, honestly and directly intended to 1 improve the administration of the laws to the ad- vantage of the poorer classes of their fellow sub- jects and such, in justice to Lord BROUGHAM, we are the first to say we believe to have been his i IItelltioll in preparing this bill; and moreover their Lordships were doubtless unwilling, to refuse to a judicial bill, introduced by the first law officer of the Crown, a parliamentary considera- tion of its details. We must fairly avow our doubts, after refer- ring again to the dear and convincing speech of the Lord Chief Baron (Lord LYNDHURST,) whether it will be possible so to amend Lord BROUGHAM'S Bill in Committee as to obviate the more serious! objections to which it is liable and although Lord UROUGHAAI appears to have replied with his usual ability, we cannot but perceive that he made no answer whatever to some of the most important points exhibited by Lord LYNDIJURST for instance, the great annual expense of the Judges and other' officers of the Court proposed by this bill. More- over we are bound to admit that Lord LYND- HURTS'S speech was no mers opposition speech, no party harangue—he did not content himself with singling out the faults of Lord BROUGHAM'S plan but he sketched with the finger ofa Statesman how nearly all the benefits contemplated thereby might be obtained in a better manner, in immediate con- nexion with the Courts of Westminster Hall, over which the high Judges of the land preside. Lord to LYNDHURST moreover admits that it is proper to provide specially for the recovery of small debts. Upon this point we might put the Lord Chief Baron in mind, that we in Wales have a peculiar claim upon his attention; for although upon more grounds than one we congratulate our countrymen on the abolition of that badge of inferiority, the Welsh judicature yet we have not forgotten that the action of Concessit sobire" did, in some instances (though not very often) prove beneficial for the recovery of small debts.

It must to the inhabitants of Merthyr be a most cheering circumstance, that, depressed as we believe every other branch of trade at present is, the iron trade, in which the welfare of our town is so much interested, is substantially though slowly improving. We cannot, indeed, congra- tulate our readers on an advance to any thing like the state of the trade in 1825-6 nor to the more sober and moderate standard of our own wishes, and even expectations, for the future. But the improvement that we have hitherto witnessed is solid; and it presents some reasons for expecting a future increase, inasmuch as it arises, not from individual speculation, (which may be fallacious, and therefore of short continuance,) but from the daily increasing uses to which the progress of scientific discovery shows that the material, iron, may be applied. It is from this principally that we anticipate an increasing demand for the metal; and, with this, an increasing trade to the town, and increasing comforts to its industrious and well deserving population. With these prospects before us, we understand that some respectable and intelligent inhabitants have turned their attention to the expediency of forming a Savings' Bank. Never, we conceive, could any improvement be more judiciously ima- gined or more seasonably timed. To every class of persons there is some one quality more parti- cularly necessary to be cultivated than others as to the soldier, bravery; to the man of learned pro- fession, sobriety; and to others other qualities but to that numerous, and useful, and truly valuable portion of mankind, the labouring classes, the one most useful and valuable quality is habits of fru- gality. In the circumstances in which the great bulk of the population of Merthyr are placed, we consider such an establishment as a Savings' Bank to he invaluable, as leading, slowly perhaps, but surely, and almost universally, to the adoption of habits in this respect which confer greater blessings than any thing that wealth or benevolence can do without them. It is in fact to habits of frugality that we trace the origin of the independence or the wealth of every man who is either independent or wealthy. The very acquisition of these habits,even if it were not attended with pecuniary advantages, is of solid value, inasmuch as it is the practical sub- jection of the rude impulses of instinct or appetite to the mastery of reason and propriety of conduct. We can trace, even in numberless instances of individuals, the great advantages, in point of self- satisfaction well founded, and of respectability in the eyes of others, which have accrued to persons in humble life from the practice of adopting in youth, and retaining through manhood, the habit of laying by a portion of the earnings of industry for the day of sickness, adversity, or old age. Is it possible that any person, who has toiled through the pressure of recent times, in Merthyr, can be in- sensible to the great benefits that would have re- sulted to him from such an institution, had it been formed here ten years ago, and had he then availed himself of it to deposit some portion of his earn- ings? Since the commencement of these excellent establishments, observing men have remarked that, in every place in which there has been a Savings' Bank, there has been a striking improve- ment in the demeanour, intelligence, and indepen- dence of the great body of the labouring classes. Nor is this change at all surprising, when we con- sider, that the impulse by which at first a few are attracted to habits of economy is thus rendered easy of gratification that the example which is set at first by a few is followed by more; that thus habits of frugality become extensive and general: that they seize, by the strong power of example, upon the youthful, whom they leadfroin a taste for squandering and dissipation and idleness, to a sense of independence, of sober propriety of thought and action, and to consequently the most efficient and successful exercise of the talent that lies within them. Thus, and thus alone, grows up a sense of independence founded on the strongest grounds; a sense of a character to be maintained ill society; a sense of a tie, by which the individual is essentially connected with the best interests of the community to which he belongs. The footing upon which these admirable esta- blishments are founded is, we believe, the same or nearly the same in every place. Their great leading principles are, that sums of any amount, however small, may be deposited in the Bank: so that be, who will deposit weekly even the smallest fraction of his weekly wages,will see it continually increasing with interest constantly accumulating on it, and imperceptibly without any sacrifice he will find himself master of a sum whicb, according to his station in life, will materially assist him in rising. These Banks are conducted' by a certain number of Trustees, usually the most wealthy and respectable gentlemen in the neighbourhood, who act gratuitously for the benefit of the depositors. Asu preventative to fraud or peculation, all pay ments or receipts of money are usually signed by a number of the Trustees so that, where this re- gulation is adopted, it is impossible for any indi- vidual improperly to possess himself of the money of the Bauk. The amount deposited is immedi- ately invested in the Stocks, in which the mos opulent noblemen, gentlemen, merchants, bankers &c. all invest a considerable part, some the whole of their fortunes, to receive interest on good secu rity. The depositors in Savings' Banks are en abled at any time to draw out the whole or. an) part of their money at a week's notice: and, foi whatever time-they choose to leave the remaindei in the Bank,they receive interest upon it at tin rate of (we believe) 31.6s. Sd. for the year on even 1001., or in proportion for any smaller sum. This is a rate of interest which we believt it impossible for any person to obtain ai present upon sums redeemable at his own plea- sure; and the security which the depositors in Savings' Banks have for their property is superior to any other that can be offered. So important are the advantages which these esta- blishments afford to the great body of the indus- trious classes, and so just a sense do the legisla- ture entertain of them, that the country is at a considerable expense, and no expense can be more wisely incurred, in upholding them and it is no: many days ago that some farthing-candle phy- losopher in the House of Commons complained of one item of sixty thousand pounds incurred for this purpose, and was justly rebuked 18y the strong and indignant reprobation of three-fourths of tht members present. Most lieartil)- do we hope that the ideas which some of our excellent townsmen have formed on this subject may be carried into practice.

So much we find has been said in London for the last fortnight with reference to what occurred in the House of Lords on Monday the 3d inst. that we consider it our duty to bring the matter before our readers, although the mere Portuguese ques- tion did not seem to us at first to be of primary interest. The Duke of WELLINGTON that even- ing, in his usual plain and straightforward way, called the attention of their Lordships to the very ex- traordinary manner in which the King's Ministers had permitted the embarkation of repeated levies of men notoriously destined for the service ol Don PEDRO, being grossly at variance with that declaration of strict neutrality which they had put into his Majesty's mouth in his speech from the throne on opening the session of Parliament. "If," said the Noble Duke, "his Majesty's Ministers think it proper to assist Don PaDuo, let them do it in an open and lawful way, by a declaration of war, but not encourage these buccaneering enterprises." The facts and arguments brought forward by his Grace of WELLINGTON were so un- answerable, that we were scarcely surprised to see his Majesty's Ministers resort to the hackneyed ex- pedient of disconcerted rogues in such a dilemma, and endeavour to divert attention from the real question before the house, by turning round and accusing the Noble Duke of being the patron and admirer of Don MIGUEL. Whether this great manoeuvre was produced as an argument for the House of Lords, or for the Whig Press, we will not say but certain it is that the latter sanctioned it, and the former did not. The absurdity of such imputation against the Noble Duke is so flagrant that we shall not stop to dwell upon its unfair- ness: it must be needless to remark that (as his worst foes will allow) the brave and honest soul of WELLINGTON can have nothing in common with the cunning and cowardly MIGUEL. But the curi- ous part of the matter is, that not long ago the accusation from the same quarter against the Duke of WELLINGTON and his friends was quite the other way and we were then told that the Earl of ABERDEEN, who was the official organ of the Wellington Administration, had declared his disgust for the character of Don MIGUEL with the most unwarrantable indiscretion. We agree with Lord ABERDEEN that Don MIGUEl. is not a man to our taste; but what has that to do with it ? We have possibly too strong an opinion on this point; but we must say, after looking at the marked language in which the King's speech de- clares his neutrality, we hardly understand how any honest man, consistent in his allegiance to his Majesty, could assist either PEDRO or MIGUEL. What business have we in England to tell the Portuguese whom they must take for their King ? Least of all could we have supposed that we should have to put such questions in the time of our pre- sent Ministers, who gave the most uncalled for as- surances when they came into office that they would allow foreign nations to judge for them- selves without interference. We may think, if we please, that these Portuguese are miserable fellows for preferring Don MIGUEL to Don PEDRO; for that they do so, all sides seem to admit, and we have heard it said in well-informed quarters, that they do so in no less a proportion than nine out of ten; but after all, perhaps, this is not quite so strange as it appears to us at first sight to be. Don MIGUEL, say we, has played false to his brother and his niece; we have heard some- thing of this, say the Portuguese, but he has carried on the government in a way suitable to our habits Don PEDRO began by rebelling against his father and our King in Brazil, and concluded by cheating his subjects there: whatcanwe expect of him ? It cannot be wondered at, we must admit, that this last consideration should weigh most with the Portuguese. Nay more, we ought not to forget that the acknowledgment of Don MIGUEL as King of Portugal, in preference to the daughter of an absent Prince, connects itself with the most honoured recollections of their history from the mo- ment of the establishment of their independence from the Crown of Spain and whatever they may think of MIGUEL'S private character, the attempt of Don PEDRO to force himself upon them with his gangs of hired foreigners (for such, and no better, do these French and English levies appear in Portugal,) is an insult upon the Portuguese nation well calcu- lated to unite in favour of Don Miguel many who hesitated before. Whatever may have been our opinion in common with a large proportion of our countrymen when the real nature of this contest was not understood, we apprehend that the good, honest,industrious people of England know enough now to care very little about Don MIGUEL or I Don PEDRO. Among other facetious attempts which his Majesty's Ministers made to justify conduct which they found it amazingly difficult to deny, we find them asserting that Don PEDRO could obtain any number of men he pleased in this country, but Don MIGUEL could not get any be. cause such was the feeling against his cause. This really is a little too absurd, upon which we shall just point out of whom these levies consist. We believe it to be true that Don PEDRO has obtained the services of some British Officers of merit, and so also has Don MIGUEL; Don PEDRO, more- over, has hired a great number of men; but what are these men ?-the very scouring of the streets of London, Paris, and Glasgow: and does any man in his senses believe that such worthies were tot quite ready to take the pay of one party or (he other I Now it strikes us there is a very plain -eason why Don MIGUEL does not hire such fel- lows. The reason is simply this Don MIGUEL inds plenty of Portuguese to tight for him, and Don PEDRO can get very few. The result the House of Lords was just what might have been expected such a case, and such arguments could have no weight with a body of independent men, attached to the honour of their Sovereign; and Ministers were left in a minority. Something must be done and accordingly we see a motion produced in the House of Commons by an obvious nanojuvre, in which the word 11 Portugal" is intro- luced; but the real matter is, an assurance to his Majesty that he need not dismiss his Ministers, Iressed up in the usual phrase of parliamentary compliment. It seems to be admitted on all quarters, that almost the only argument used by Ministers and their satellites out of the house, to respectable members, whatever secret means may have been adduced in other quarters, was just this —You must support Davies's motion, or we must £ 0 out. Will you not try us a little longer ? Will you turn us out now? Such arguments, indeed, were pretty plainly repeated in the house, and otherftnisrepresentations of the Duke of W ELLINO- rO;li's object. We were sorry to find, in reading the list of the majority so obtained,(which appears to have been published with tolerable correct- ness,) the names of some persons whom we know to be most respectable but we cannot con- gratulate them, his Majesty, the country, or even Ministers themselves, upon such a vote; for what is the principal ingredient ?-a black conglomerate of all the Papists and Deists, Husting's quacks and Frenchified philosophers, who, under false colours, have contrived to get returned to this House of Commons. We think that the respectable members must have been very sorry to see their names appear in such a company. The article is already too long, so that we cannot here give expression to the sad considerations which urge themselves upon us but thus much we will say- this is the worst vote by which this House of Com- mons has signalized itself; since, with Lord ALTHORP at their head, they refused to admit even the principle of a measure for for the better ob- servance of the Christian Sabbath.

The foreign intelligence received this week adds nothing of interest or importance to our preceding accounts. From France we learn through the Moniteur, that a convention has just been signed between the Duke of Richmond, Postmaster- General in England, and M. Comte, Director of the French Post-office, establishing a daily com- munication between the two countries, instead of only four times a week. This treaty, besides affording a more frequent correspondence, will give an acceleration to the interchange of letters, and allow the mutual conveyance of intelligence from one country to the other in thirty-six hours, instead of taking three and sometimes four days, as hitherto. The Berlin States Gazette contains an imperial decree, partially extending the amnesty to the late Polish army. The public mind of Ger- many continues in a state of great excitement, but the disturbances which occur are immediately sup- pressed by the power of the Sovereigns of the various states. The struggle proceeds in Oporto with much the same appearances as characterized our former information. From Spain the accounts are tranquil. The affairs of the East remain un- settled, although the German and French papers give daily assurances of the pacific disposition of all parties interested in the dispute between Turkey and Egypt. A strong opposition to the preliminary treaty of the 21st of May, has been commenced in the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium. The Leeward Islands' mail brings papers to the beginning of May. Colonel Nixon arrived at St. Kitt's on the 18th of April, and had been sworn in Lieutenant-Governor of that island on the ensuing day. Three distinct shocks of earthquake were felt on the 2d of May at Trinidad, but no damage was done. The letters from Demerara are to the 8th ult. The Governor, Sir D. Urban, has left the colony, and the authority, ad interim, had devolved on Colonel Chambers, of the 25th regiment, the senior military officer at present in the colony. The late, Governor of Demerara is much respected, and his leaving the colony is occasioned by the feelings of disgust excited by the measures proposed to be adopted towards the colonists, which, by the determination of the commercial interest of London, have been so happily arrested in their progress. We have received New York and other Ame- rican papers to the 25th of May. Philadelphia Journals mention that a meeting of the citizens had been held, and resolutions passed, expressing in strong language their indignation at the recent attack made upon the President Jackson. The health of the President was very precarious, and it was extremely doubtful whether he would be able to set out on his Eastern journey. A writ de luna- tico inquirendo has been issued against the cele- brated Ex-Sheriff Parkins of London, but he has declined any participation in the lunacy case, either in person or by counsel. Much damage had been sustained at Albany by the heavy rains or annual Spring Freshet." There are similar ac- counts of injury done at Richmond, Patroon's Island, and various other places. Business at Montreal was very brisk, and the latest intelli- gence from Havana states that produce is in great demand since the disappearance of the cholera, and was very high in price. From Mexico we learn that resolutions had been introduced in Congress for the total expulsion of the Spaniards, at some period to be subsequently specified. The accounts from the Mauritius are to the 9th of March. The situation of the colony appears to be in a more agitated state than ever. The courts of law continue suspended. The Chief Judge wished to re-establish them provisionally, until Mr. Jeremy's arrival but his efforts have been unavailing. Madras papers to February the 23d mention, that the great scarcity of grain in the interior had caused much distress. Hundreds of starving sufferers flocked into the city and to add to the other diseases arising from famine, the cholera was making sad ravages. A subscription for the relief of the sufferers was about to be raised.

THE DUTCH COAL TRADE.-The following is all extract of a letter received by an eminent mercantile house in this town from their correspondentHotter- dlllll Compelled by the foolisllmeasures of your Ministers, our consumers have accustomed themselves to the kind of coal which is brought to us by tha Rhine from Germany, and, both Dy its It( UP'les-, and the improved qualities the pits begin to produce, we irgret to say it will be a difficult matter to give agai I to the British coals their accustomed preponderance." —We have always said that "the foolish measures of 1 ur Ministers" would not only be injutious to the Dutch coal trade at present, but that they would go far to destroy it for the future and this "try sensible letter of the Dutchman's fully proves that we were right. Our coal trade to Holland has received a blow fiom which, we fear, it willnever pufecily recover. —Nencastle Chronicle.