The Principality

Loss OF AN INDIAMAN AND A FRENCH GTN BRIG.— ONE HUNDRED PERSONS DROWNED.—ON Saturday letters were re- ceived at Lloyd's from Madras and Martinique, communicating the melancholy intelligence of the loss of an Indiaman, the Sulimary, from Bombay, bound to England, and of the wreck of the French "republican war brig Iegore, lost between Fort de France and Trinidad, both of which were attended with fiight- ful loss of human life. The Sulimary, Indiaman, was riding at anchor off the coast, and encountered, on the 24th of May, a dreadful gale of wind, in the height of which she parted from her anchors, and was driven ashore, when the splendid ship speedily became a complete wreck. An attempt was made to save the passengers, of whom there were several, by means of C the boats. They were, however, quickly destroyed by the fury of the sea, and upwards of 40, including the captain, his wife, and 33 seamen, perished. Another Indiaman, named the ic SA Guns, Was driven ashore on the; same coast about the- same time, and became a wreck. The crew of this vessel were more fortunate they all escaped. The loss of both vessels is aid to exceed C50 -000. The sad calamity to the L'Aigle happened on the 10th of June. She was suddenly overtaken in a heavy squall, and almost instantly cspsised, and went Ctown. Her. crew and otIkersamountecl to 60 men. With the exception of two, every soul met with a wàtÙygmve.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] The Wonderful cures pmformedby Bolloway's Pills mtdnish ■Everybody.—-They frequently remove coin plaints which the faculty Pronouuce incurable, debilitated '-constitutions' are, by their use, Completely the nervous, the delicate, and the weak Ere made strong and there is no other medicine known that is so certain and effectual in cfifing indigestion and all bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, as Tloiloway's Pills they are also an ex- cellent remedy for dropsical'affections, and every disease incident to females, and stand unrivalled as an established 'family medicine, as they purify th&jjlood, cleanse the system, strengthen the body, an4 reins* ate itrn the soundest health, and often after every other Remedy had failed,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRINCIPALITY. SIR,—A resident at Dowlais has found, it appears, two errors in a paragraph I sent relative to the row there. I beg to thank him, for a correct statement of facts is always to be desired, and in this instaacethe mis-statement was not wilful. But that I was not very much wrong a comparison will show. The report said, were drinking at a beei- house,"—" drinking at a ewrw bach, is correct, says Itesiletit. Your correspondent says, destroyed nearly the whole: the real fact is, destroyed a great I many windows and doors of the Irishmen's houses. Voltaire once said, "if in writing the history of a battle, you happened to place a squadron of dragoons some thirty or forty paces out of the place it was, be assured some friendly critic will very soon set you right." I thank Resident, though he did not tell you what had been done. Yours truly, YOUR CORRESPONDENT.

The following letter has been sent us for insertion Cardiff, July 23rd, 1850. SIlt B. HALL AND ROBYN DDU. HONOURABLE SIR, Though I sincerely appreciate your endeavours in favour of the Church in Wales, yet, having read in the public papers of the manner in which you was induced to introduce my humble thine before the Imperial Senate of Great Britian, I respectfully declare that I never wrote any sermons for a Dean never had I such a conversation with any Dean as you allude to—I never was an Independent Minister—never had any more than one child alive at the same time—never was taken before a Dean on account of not maintaining my family. I have been now nearly eight years a widower, I have also been more than ten years without a ehild; and I feel very sorry that any individual could be so unkind as to calumniate a venerable digtiiary-to attempt an injury to a British Bard-and to mislead such a highly-beloved patriot as Sir Benjamin Half. I am, honourable sir, Your very obedient and respertful servant, ROBERT PARRY, on ROBYN DDU, IRYRI.

TO THE EDITOR Of THE PRINCIPALITY. RESPECTED SIR,—Suffer me once more to set before the pub- lic my simple and candid opinion on the above important, but very grievous, subject, in order to show how the truck system of paying operates in antagonism to the increase of all needful and useful knowledge. It must be allowed as evident truth by every one who is in the least acquainted with the wealthy and enterprising iron and coal masters of the counties of Mon- mouth, Glamorgan, and other places, that they are the first and the chiefs in the erection of school-houses, and building of chapels; and several of them have given the ground for building them gratuitously, besides their liberal contributions towards erecting and maintaining the same, whether in connexion with the Episcopalian Church, or the churches of the several de- nominations of Dissenters. We see them readily patronising the Literary and Scientific Institutions of the age. We hear of them giving their money and books often in order to estab- lish reading-rooms for the use of the large numbers of popu- lation that find employment at their works in these counties. They contribute liberally, also, towards the funds of the bible, missionary, tract, and other very useful societies. They have a school at a very convenient place near their works, and these schools in general are numerously attended by the children of the operatives, tradesmen, and others, finding employment in the vicinity of their works, and depending, more or less, upon these works; these schools are also, for the most part, under the care and tuition of efficient and worthy masters and governesses, who take all the possible trouble and pains to instruct their pupils in all the branches of useful eclut-ation for instance, the New British Iron Company erected large schools, about a year ago, at Corngreaves, near their works at fl ales-Owen this school contains 220 children, who are taught in reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, history, geography, and geometry the same company have another such school at their works at Abersychan, The Penytwyne and Golynos Com- pany have erected very commodious school-rooms near their forge, at Pontynewynydd, large enough to contain about 400 children. At Blaenavon, Llanelly, Nantyglo, Blaenan, and Cwmcelyn, Beaufort, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, and Rhymney, and near Blackwood, we find commodious and conveniently- situated school-houses erected chiefly at the expense of the companies, and provided with efficient teachers and books. The Blackwood schools have been erected by the instrumen- tality of that dfcnament of his age, (Sir Thomas Phillips, Kt.\) and all the children of the colliers and others in the vicinity of Blackwood can easily gain admittance. In short all the iron and coal companies have schools at or near their works, throughout all this locality these schools are partly supported by the masters and partly by the workmen,—the masters sub- scribe a certain sum annually for the maintenance of these schools, and about four-pence in the pound is kept back from the workmen on account of the doctor and school funds. Now it is evident that the iron and coal companies of the counties of Monmouth and Glamorgan, have done much in providing education for the children of their workmen and others de- pending directly or indirectly upon their works. Now, Mr. Editor, we have been reading the best side, and a capital good side it is, I would the other side were as good; but we must turn the leaf and peruse the other side as weil. Now we have seen, by what I have already written, that we have sufficient educa- tional means instituted already in the coal and manufacturing districts of both these counties, to educate our children in a great measure, and I would be glad to see them better used by the public at large, as every child could obtain education at these institutions who reside in the vicinities of the iron and coal works but juvenile education is, or at least ought to be, only an introduction to adult studies and learning among the working classes in the manufacturing districts. The school- children will grow to working-men, but as soon as the young man leaves his school in the truck-paying districts and com- mence working, though he promised to himself after he would come to work to get money that he would economise for the noble purposes of buying literary and scientific works, and that he would enter as a member of some mutual improvement society— mechanics' institution and reading-room, and con- tinue the studies (which he Was only merely introduced unto when at school) during his spare hours, yet as soon as he commences his work at the truck-paying factory, or coal and mine work, lie feels the pinches of this very uneasy yoke, and immediately his pre-meditated plan of economising for books, &e. is destroyed, his promises are forgot at once, as he sees that he has no control over his own gettings he knows that he has been led captive to the captivity of this disgraceful system of paying by truck, and under this burden he will very soon forget the most of what he has been learning at school, and his aim and desire for knowledge will become languid and weak, and, at last, annihilated altogether and an irk- some gloom is thrown over the whole of his mental faculties, Maii is born to be free," and when he feels anything inter- vening that freedom which he is authorised to enjoy and exercise within the limits of humanity, he immediately feels himself reduced below humanity and confined in the unnatural fetters of bondage, captivity, and slavery and his mind is sunk at once from the vigour which it had into a state of languid- ness and carelessness. When man feels himself under any yoke of tyranny, and reduced thereby below the standard or- (idiied for him by wise Providence," the mind becomes care- less of any mental-improvements progression in literary and scientific knowledge, and the means by which he may improve his mind are entirely disregarded. These are but few of the evil operations of the truck system among the large population of-the iron and coal districts. There are prodigious numbers of Welsh periodicals issued forth from the presses of Cardiff, Llanelly, Carmarthen, Dolgelly, and other places every mouth an amazing number of English literary and scientific magazines, printed regularly every month in London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin, and other places, at very moderate prices news- papers and scientific books can be purchased very cheap but for all this, the people of the works where the truck system is exercised, have no control over their gettings. The earnings of the working classes are very illegally monopolised by the truck-paying iron and coal companies, and the free circulation of money is interrupted and fettered by this injurious system, and the very unfair imposition of the extortionate.prices of the goods sold at the truck companies' shops, with the bad quali- ties of the provisions, which at times are dear enough for carrying them home. These circumstances operate very strongly in opposition to the increase of knowledge in general, disable the working classes to have for themselves the mediums of knowledge, and destroy all literary- tastes and scientific pursuits in the trucking iron andcoal-works. The truck system is also a very strong opposition to the increase of religious knowledge, though I know a certain company in Monmouth- shire that have been in the habit of giving sum,- of money annually to purchase books and other requisites for Sundayschool purposes at the several dissenting chapels in the neighbourhood of their works but it appears quite absurd that the same company should set such restraints on the earnings of their workmen as the truck system, which disables them (though willing) to contribute for the purpose of buying books, &c., to form an efficient Sabbath-school library in con- nection with every school in the district which would prove very effective means in creating, renewing, and increasing a spirit of reading and studying, &c., among the working popu- lation. Literary taste and scientific pursuits would be promul- gated thereby very considerably; but the working classes (so desirable as it is) will never be able to do this as long as the imposition of trucking shall exist among them. The truck system is very injurious to the maintenance of the ministry among the dissenters also. Now, Mr. Editor, it is evident that the working classes like others are compelled to contribute, in a direct or indirect manner, towards the support of the State Church," and this they must do as long as the present alliance shall exist between the Church and State. But the dissenters have a religious cause of their own, which they feel (from principle) bound to support. The working people of the manufacturing districts are for the most part of them dissenters they pay the salary of their ministers once in each four weeks; but the truck system of payment, just like a sliding scale," can put the pay off for thirteen weeks, and when the pay, or, more properly called, a mere settlement" comes, about three-fourths of the workmen will be in debt to the truck-paying company and no wonder too, for they charge about four shillings in the pound more than other shopkeepers in the same neighbourhood for their goods. Now, as the pulpit and the press require support once in every month, the pay of the men should be in the coin of the realm once at least in every month, and a draw in coin every week. Now it is clear that the truck system of paying operates strongly against the two most powerful machineries" of the age, to increase and promulgate every needful and useful knowledge, and particularly so in connexion with religion this most abominable obstruction in the way of lmowledcre- this most'notorious robbing system, which deprives the work- ing classes of their rights and privileges, which destroys every family comfort, which killeth the spirit of reading and study- ing, interrupts the cultivation of the mental faculties, brings in poverty, ignorance, and misery, stops the circulation of money, fetters trade, and very frequently causes insolvency and bankruptcy, even in connexion with the trucksters them- selves such is the imprudence and extravagance in the method of paying at truck shops instead of the coin of the realm that many of the favourites have been suffered to run in the debt of the shops to the enormous amounts of E20, E30, or E50, over their earnings, and others are robbed by extortionate prices to make these sums up; and have produced bankruptcy and insolvency as a consequence many times then the working classes loose their work. I say, let this accursed obstruction be removed, with je vous rend mille graces. I beg to remain your unworthy servant, A WELSH COLLIER. Anti-truck Vale, July 23, 1850.

GORHAM v. THE BISHOP OF EXETER. ARCHES COURT, SATURDAY, JULY 20. Dr. Addams stated that, in obedience to the monition of the Court, the Bishop of Exeter had brought in the presen- tation. His lordship had desired him to say that lie had never had the slightest intention of resisting- the monition since the rule for a prohibition had been refused by the Court of Exchequer. The presentation was accompanied by what was called a protest, but which was in fact merely an explanation. Mr. Bowdler (the proctor for Mr. Gorham) said that he had had no Opportunity of seeing the protest; its reception was a matter for the consideration of the Court. It affected the question of the regularity of the proceedings. The learned Judge said that, unless the presentation had been brought in, the prayer of Mr. Bowdler would have been to pronounce the Bishop in contempt, and to proceed according to the tenor of foi-ii-ior' acts. The protest ought not to have been brought in in the manner in which it was now done it should have been delivered long ago. Dr. Addams, in reply, said, that it could only be brought in with the presentation. The learned Judge thought he ought not to receive the protest. Dr. Addams said, that it was the desire of the bishop that the presentation should be accompanied by the ex- planation. The learned Judge thought that the Court had not been well used the protest ought not to have been brought in without notice, Dr. Addams inquired whether the Court would allow the matter to stand over until it sat again? The learned Judge, after again stating that the Court ought not to have been placed in such a situation, directed the presentation to be received, and the protest to be dis- annexed. Mr. Bowdler then prayed the Court to appoint a convenient time for the institution of Mr. Gorham. The learned Judge doubted whether he could proceed to the institution without a fiat from the Archbishop of Canterbury. Mr. Bowdler stated, that an arrangement had been made for issuing the fiat. The learned Judge was quite ready to do whatever the Archbiship directed. When the fiat was obtained he would proceed to the institution, but it was not necessary that that should take placc in open Court. 'The cause was remitted to that Court by the Judicial Committee under very special circumstances; had he been aware of the motion he would have brought the papers with him. Mr. Bowdler would, with the permission of the Court, take another opportunity of mentioning the ease. He had no wish to hurry it at all. The case then stood over.

COMPANY OF COPPER MINERS IN ENGLAND. We regret to announce that the valuable property of this company is about to be offered for sale at the Auction Mart, on Friday, the '28i.li instant, by order of the trustees, under a mort- gage deed. Our readers will remember that, on the 17th July, 1849, the property was put up to auction, but on account of the difficulty of finding a purchaser, the sale was withdrawn. The mortgagees were then, as now, the Bank of England. For a long period great dissatisfaction has been expressed in the trade, on account of that influential and powerful corporation carrying on the Nvoi-ks and trading establishments of the Copper Miners' Company. The committee of shareholders, appointed at the annual meeting in April, 1819, finding all attempts to reconcile the different conflicting interests fruitless, prepared a bill for the amendment of the constitution of thecompany." By this they proposed to raise new capital, to obtain the works from the bank, and to commence operations de novo. One of the most important clauses of that bill was the appointment of aa emCient and inde- pendent audit, as to the want of that, in a great measure, they attributed the deplorable position of the company. After going through two readings, the bill was committed. The gentlemen, however, who sat on the committee, after five days' investi- gation, declared the preamble not proved, iatid, consequently, it was thrown out, and cannot be forward again this session. Thus, after fifteen mouths' arduous labour, through some technical deficiencies, the shareholders' committee find their hopes frus- trated, and their exertions negatived. The consequence of this is, no arrangement being possible to be entered into, the bank not wishing longer to hold the property, have determined to offer it for sale. The Mining Journal, after pointing out difficulties in the con- ditions of sale, which would prevent capitalists from purchasing, says: "In our humble opinion, the-wisest course that could be pursued is, th-,it,the;debeiitur preference,. and old shareholders should sink their several differences, and by a united effort, endeavour to effect such arrangements that the property could again revert to them, the original proprietors. We are aware that, however easy this suggestion is made, there will be considerable difficulty experienced in carrying it effectually out; but we are con- vinced, that if all parties were manfully to put their shoulders to;the wheel, an eqoitable and just arrangement might be promptly and efficaciously executed. The shareholders' com- mittee are at present powerless, and the whole concern is in a fix," and must be irretrievably lost, unless some decided and united measures are immediately taken. The ship is now among the breakers, and the crew in theii several copacities must use their exertions to preserve her her, or the whole will be a total wreck, engulphing all in ani common run. There i, no utlIty in past evil manage- maut.s, and fatal errors which c.uinot now be retrieved present that should be looked to, as without that there w: future for the Company of Copper Miners in England Wi' the exception of some of the great houses (and they WOLicl purchase under such conditions of sale), there are few men who would be so fool-hardy, single-handed, as to enter on so vast a speculation. Were the property divided, there might be some hopes of a purchaser as it is, the sale will cither be nominal, or it will be sacrificed at such a low rate, that nothing will return to the proprietors. The collieries consist of 4,050 acre3, and are situated in the Pennant rocks, in the South Wales coal basin— the strata between the Tormynydd and Golden seams being in thickness about 10 fathoms. In another portion of the Pennant rocks, two seams—the Wernpistell and the Wernddu —are worked by the company, in addition to several others this district is rich in blackband iron ore. The surfacelatlrls comprise about 1,4HI acres. The rentals of the different houses are iC5,735 per annum. The iron furnaces, which are furnished with coke ovens, 21'; capable of returning from 801 to 850 tons per week the iron miIl; 3,000 tons per month the tinplate works, 1,200 boxes per week the copper smelting works, 600 tons per week the copper rolling mills, 40 tons per week and the brickyard, 100,000 per week. At Oakwood, the furnaces are capable of turning out 160 tons per week; the rental and estimated value there, and at the Bryn, is E720 4s. per annum. There are about 17 miles of 4ft. 8-Jin. sur- face, 18 miles underground, and surface tram and colliery railways on the Cwm Avon property, 26 miles on the Oakwood, 14 miles on the Bryn estates, about 2,2.50 iron and wood trams, together with three locomotive engines. The dead rent for ironstone on the Oakwood leases are—ironstone, £ 300 coal, £ 1,350; the royalty, 6d. per ton. On the Bryn estate, the dead rent is £ 600 for coal and iron; the royalty, 6d. per ton. There are workmen's cottages, dwelling houses for agents, a villa residence for the superintendent, shops, market-place, establishments for worship, &e. Employment is given to a vast number of individuals and we can conceive no greater calamity to the surrounding districts than the stoppage of these works—their partial suspension being productive of the direst distress and we trust that all concerned will see the necessity of a vigorous effort to rescue them from the impending ruin which appears to menace, if »not their existence at least their well-being.

MELANCHOLY CASE OP DROWNING.—On the evening of Fri- day week last, Mary, the third daughter of Mr. John^Bell, of Penrith, draper, was drowned while bathing in the river Eamont, near Yanwath Hall. The deceased, who was a fine young woman about 17 years of age, had accompanied Mrs Bell and a servant girl to the Eamont for the purpose of bathin" the children. Deceased took off her clothes and put on a bathing gown. She then went into the water intending to have a plunge herself prior to bathing the children but she lost her footing and fell into the stream which filled her bathing gown with water, and carried her rapidly away. Mrs. Bell and the servant girl did all in their power to save her, and their shrieks soon brought assistance from a neighbouring fartnhousu —the Red Ilills. Deceased was carried down the current; about 50 yards, when she was stopped by coming in contact, with a large stone in a formidable part of the river. One cr the farm servants immediately plunged in and brought her out, but she was dead. An inquest was held on view" of the body on Saturday night, and a verdict of Accidental death returned. --[This is one only of the'numerous cases of accidental drowning which appear in the provincial papers cf t p week. It is truly melancholy to read of the frequency thes<^ accidents at this season of the year, many of which*—i.ideed-, most of them—being the result of a want of caution on trio part of the individuals, and of a proper supervision on the part; of the local authorities. Although accidents cannot of course be prevented, their numbers clearly admit of considerable mitigation, were the proper steps taken to effect that object, -Eel. Daily News.] ABOLITION OF CORONERS' FFES.—There is a bill in the House of Commons, "which is printed, for abolishing the fees paid to county and other coroners, and for providing for the payment of coroners by salaries. The amount of salary is to be fixed in committee. The bill states that it would be of public advantage to discontinue the payment of fees to coroners. ACTS OF PARLIAMENT.—Up to the present time only thirty- fire" public Acts have received the royal assent. It is probable that in about three weeks the number will be doubled but it is expected that the session will not be very productive in legisla- tive enactments. Last year the public Acts numbered o:;e hundred and eleven. DI1. WISEMAN.—According to the competent authority of the Tablet, the dignity of a cardinal is destined for the Right Rev. Dr. Wiseman, and he will proceed to Rome in the month of < August next. It is also stated that the hon. Rev Georgo Talbot has been summoned to the Holy City on the express invitation of the Pope, with a view to his appointment to a place of high trust near to the person of his Holiness. UNADORNED ELOQUENCE.—At a recent meeting of Bucking- hamshire agricultural labourers, held at Haddenlmm, to consider the allotment system, and to devise the best means of obtaining land, the curate of the parish presiding, Robert Rose, a labourer, said—" 1 don't want to be independent of my master. I want master and man to be united for each other's interests. I want Tom and Tom not one thing for the master and another for the man and I say, let a poor man have a piece of land, and then you give him a chance to bring up his family—all of them then can try and earn something. Then they could get wholesome food, and not eat just anything —rang-tang, or such like. I say again, I want Tom and Tom. If a bit of land was let out, I think our street corners would not be just as they are now—a place where all the young chaps get blackguarding about. I want to see a little feeling among us but the poor are often against the poor. If they would stick together they would soon get their rights granted them. One of the labourers present here made some sneering remark, to which Rose replied)—Yes, Richard, if you had a bit of land you would not have so many idle hours to loiter about. (Cheers and roars of laughter). I know what the value of a bit of land is. My bit has kept me from the parish oftentimes for I would rather make any shift than do that. I had a bit of the worst land in the parish. When I took to it I could not stand on it, it was so swampy but now you might drive a four-horse wagon over it." The meeting unanimously adopted a memorial to the vicar and other landowners of Haddenham, expressing the earnest hope that a portion of land, when vacant, may be allotted to the poor.—Bucks Ad- vertiser. POISONING.—Some few week since, Thomas Harris, a hatter of Frampton Cotterell, in Gloucestershire, died after a few days' illness, and was buried. Suspicions arose that he had been unfairly dealt with a fortnight after his death, his widow, an. infirm woman of sixty-two, married a man named Curtis. This increased the suspicion. The body was recently disinterred, an inquest held, and a post-mortem examination made: Mr. Herepath detected arsenic in the viscera, and a witness proved that the wife of deceased had bought arsenic. The verdict was Wilful murder" against Hannah Curtis and she had been committed to Gloucester gaol. She had saved some money during her first husband's life. FUNDS OF FRIENDLY SOCIETIES.—The total amount belong ing to friendly societies invested with the Commissioners for the Redaction of the National Debt, on the 20th of November, 1849. Was £ 2,103,281 4s. 3d. Of this amount, interest at the rate of 3d. per cent. per diam was payable on EI,539,821 18s. Od., and 2Jd. per cent. per diam on £ 534,581. The number of members in the societies, ranged from 8 to 8,000. ENGINEERING FEAT AT THE NEW SOAP WORKS, THORNES. —The large chimney built by Messrs. Mellin and Craven, for the use of their dye works, has long been overhanging the centre of its base from four to five feet, and ere lorn* this huge mass of 200 tons of brickwork would in all pro- bability have fallen with a tremendous crash. To prevent, this, Mr. Simpson, the proprietor, applied to our townsman. Mr. Green, engineer, who engaged to bring it back to a perpendicular position. On Thursday morning weekthe work- men commenced, under Mr. Green's directions, to cut our about four-fifths of one course of bricks near the bottom cf the chimney, taking care to fill the cavity thus made with a mixture of new lime and earth. On Wednesday, during a heavy gale of wind, the last brick was cut out; and, as was expected, during this last operation, the chimney began to move slowly, but still perceptibly; the new lime and earth gradually yielded to the immense pressure, and were re- moved so that in three hours the open space of nearly four inches, which had been made as above described, closed. The chimney had lowered on one side nearly four inche, and gone over at the top more than four feet to a perpcndi cular position !—Wakefield Journal. EXTENSIVE SEIZURE OF SMUGGLED MALT.—In of secret information conveyed to them the office at Maenclochog, South Wales, have made several 3 zures of smuggled malt lately. Many of the inlir r place took part with the smugglers, and a n » offered, in which the officers received rom? rough e seizures, however, were ultimately effected.—Dn