The Principality

DECAY. SUOOESTEB BY VIEWING THE ANCIENT RUINS IN CARDIFF AND LLANDAFF." VIEWLESS tyrant! mighty sov'reign! Reigning still wheit others fall- Since creation first felt sirupain, Till is spread its fun'ral pall- Wide thine empire as this planet, North and south, and east and west. All that doth this world inhabit Bow. beneath thy stern behest. View yon pile of feudal lordling, Climb each broken, stony stair, J'ry lattice-casement crumbling, Pavement rent, and damp walla bare. Mark the bird of evil omen, Listen to the owlet's scream, See the stealthy, hidden fox-den, 'Stead of pompous feudal sheen. Wasted now thfc nave and altar, Chapel-bell no more shall ring, Matins swell, or vespers whisper, As the cowled monks do sing. Muteeach voiceofniirth and gIadnees, Wassail song and frolic glee; Minstrel's song, rewarding largess With its tones of melody. Each and all, that erst were bloom- ing, Now are overpast and gone; Rust, and blight, and darkness loom- ing O'er each worn and mildew'd stone. O'er them now Decay doth triumph, E'en though ages mock'd his prey; Desolation sits in silence, Holding court in ruins grey. But 'tis man, of all creation, Sole triumphant o'er decay; He, though bound awhile in fetters, From them soars at length away. Death, Decay, and twin corruption, Then on him lose all their pow'r; Life immortal, sown within him, Ripens to the full-blown llowlr. Here Decay's vast empire ceases, Bounded by a sea of life; Perfect being ever after, Ends 'twixt Death and Life the strife. S. B. BEAL.

GOLD OF OPIIIR.—A writer in Pensylvania undertakes to prove that Solomon obtained his gold for the temple from Cali- fornia—that this was the place called Ophir in the Book of Kin He also thinks the Queen of Sheba came from that regiuii.-F. Doz,glas's North Star. UNSTAMPED RECEIPTS.—The commercial community is cau- tioned against continuing the almost universal practice of giving unstamped receipts, as that department is now in the hands of the Excise, the officers of which are likely to enforce the penalties, particularly as they get half the profits.-Globe. CALIFORNIAN CrOLD.-There is (says the Liverpool Standard) at present to be seen on the Earl of Derby's estate at Knows- ley, a considerable quantity of gold dust imbedded in soil which has been brought from California along with some rare trees and plants. [What next?] EXPENSES OF THE POST-OFFICE PACKET SERVICE.—The amount that will be required for the service of the year 1849-50, on account of the Post-office Packet Service, is estimated at £ 748,296, against £ 814,360 voted for the year 1848-49. CAUTION TO NURSES.—A child seventeen months old, named Senna Ellen Hope, died in the Bristol Infirmary on Monday evening, in consequence of biting off and swallowing a piece of a wine glass in which its mother had given it medicine. Every means were tried to dislodge the glass, which caused much bleeding, but without effect. After death it was found in the larynx, between the gullet and the windpipe, in a situation where no instrument could discover it during life.-Ilereford Journal. INTENSE COLD IN NORWAY.-A letter from Christiana (Nor- way), dated February 1, states that letters received on that day from Vang, in Hademarken, province of Aggersuus, and which are of the 2nd of January, announce that the cold was so in- tense that quicksilver became frozen, and that persons who were in the open air lost their breath. Within the memory of man no such phenomenon had taken place in that country. A MONSTER BRIDGE.—The vi iduct at Comrie Den, on the Stirling and Dunfermline Railway, the foundation stone of which was laid on the 5th Feb., 1847, was finished on Friday last. The length of this stupendous erection is 434 ft., width 45 ft., and height in centre from the foundation-stone to the top of the cope-stone about 70 ft. It reflects the highest credit on those intrusted with its execution. It is gratifying to record that not a single accident occurred in the course of building the monster bridge.—Stirling Advertiser. GOLD FROM CALIFORNIA.—It has been reported in the city that intelligence had been received at the Bank of England, to the effect that her Majesty's surveying brig, Pandora, Lieut. Wood, was coming home from the Pacific with a freight of gold diggings, to the amount of nine tons, or to the value of £ 900,000 sterling. This will give the lucky commander about E 11,000 for the freightage; the admiral's share will be £2,875; and Greenwich Hospital will benefit to the like amount. EXPLOSION OF FIRE-DAMP IN A COAL-PIT, AND SBVEN PERSONS KILLED.-On Monday, an explosion of fire-damp took place at the Bird-in-Hand colliery, Eccleston, belonging to Messrs Bromilow and Co. The accident it is supposed, occur- red through the imprudence of one of the colliers taking the top of his lamp off. There were nine men and boys in that part of the mine where the explosion took place, and seven were suffocated, along with a pony. The dead bodies were brought out of the pit on Tuesday night.-Liverpool Mercury. TIln Master of the Rolls has decided that a man is not bound to disclose the nature of his return to the Income-Tax Com- missioners. THEY are wise in Westmoreland. At the late assizes in Appleby all the barristers were briefless at nisi prius, there not being a single cause to try. The Times maintains that the whole army in this island is less than the body of French troops assembled to give effect to a fete in the Place de la Concorde, or a mass in the Madeleine. "THE destruction of game preserves alone," the Suffolk Chronicle asserts, would produce greater crops in England than all the artificial manures in the world." The Birmingham Mercury shows how young Lord Lewisham might express his fitness to represent South Staffordshire My name is Lewisham; near Birmingham my father keeps his park." It appears to the Western Times that Dr. Pusey is so hardened an offender that if you only give him rope enough he will be sure to run the risk of being suspended again. The Nonconformist indulges in a prediction: We have a confident expectation that the word 4 Whig,' as it passes down to posterity, will gradually supersede the use of that ill-sound- ing word humbug.' A DECISION in the Vice- Chancellor's Cotirt, last week, com- pelling a purchaser Of shares in a public company to assume the liabilities thereof, even although he may have abstained from registering his name as the proprietor of such shares, has given much satisfaction on the Stock Exchange. The Stamford Mercury announces the retirement of the Rev. T. W. Were from the curacy of Glinton, on account of the insufficiency of the stipend (£50 a-year). The living, worth nearly £800 a-year, is held by a high dignitary in the West of England, at the head of the commission for inquiring into Church abuses." "The number of persons who annually take out game certifi- cates," the Preston Chronicle states, is about 4,000; the num- ber of poachers yearly convicted, nearly or quite 5,000. Every sportsman, consequently, in addition to what he is enabled to bag by means of his gun, brings down each season about one human victim.and a quarter." A NOVEL FIND.The Durham county fox hounds last week found in the covert several large bags of tobacco, upwards of five cwt. The pedestrian followers of the hunt ran off with the whole booty, which had doubtless been hidden by smug- glers. UNEXPLORED REGIONS OF AFRICA.—Mr. John Duncan, the African traveller, whose journey through and beyond the terri- tory of the King of Dahomey has already been made public, is, it is understood, about to leave England shortly on another expedition, with the view of prosecuting further discoveries in the unexplored regions of that country.— Times. DEATH OF BERNARD BARTON.—We regret to announce the death of Bernard Barton, the philanthropic friend and poet, which took place suddenly, at Woodbridge, on Monday last. Affection of the heart was the cause of his death.-Essex Standard. DREADFUL OCCURRENCE AT PORTSMOUTH.—Corporal Leonard, of the 91st Foot, was killed by throwing himself out of the third floor window of Cambridge Barracks in Portsmouth garrison, about two o'clock on Thursday morning. It is believed the dreadful act was committed whilst the deceased was in a state of somnambulism. An inquest was held last night by Mr. Wm. John Cooper, the coroner for the borough, when a verdict in accordance with the above supposition was returlled.- Times. THE GAME LA ws.-In the last number of the IIants Inde- pendent is the following letter addressed to the editor by Mr. Collett, late M.P. for Athlone 7, Upper Belgrave-street, 20th February, 1849. Sir,—In your paper of Saturday last I see that Isaac Sher- gold, a lad of sixteen, was, at 'the County Petty Sessions, Fined 50s. including costs, or to be imprisoned for six weeks." Considering this a wicked and atrocious case, even under the wicked and atrocious game laws, I enclose the 50s., with which, if he is in prison, I wish the poor boy immediately liberated-if the fine is paid, the amount to be paid to him.- Very faithfully yours, (Signed) JOHN COLLETT. When made acquainted with any other game law cases of peculiar severity and oppression, I shall at all times consider it a duty to give my humble assistance to the injured parties. EXTRAORDINARY CATCHES OF MACKEREL.—The extremely abundant supply of fi,h still continues, and there is not a day when there are not large numbers of boats coming into the port from the fishing grounds laden with fish. There are now about 200 fishing-boats in and about Sutton Pool, many of them from the eastern ports. Some of them have brought in as much as C200 worth of fish, while others have not been more than ordinarily successful. The port is also visited by large numbers of small French boats, the owners of which, being very largely supplied, take the fish over to France.. It is supposed that we have sold fish to the value of between E5,000 and £ 6,000 to them within the last three weeks. Large quan- tities of fish are also daily sent away by the rail, even as far as Liverpool, while beautiful mackerel are hawked about the streets of Plymouth at a penny each..—Devonport Journal. SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE.—Lord Lewisham, a young gentle- man of 24, the eldest son of the Earl of Dartmouth, was re- turned for this division of the county (in the room of Lord Ingestre, now Earl Talbot) without opposition. EXTRAORDINARY FECUNDITY OF A Cow,-A few days ago, a cow, the prop' rty of Mr. David Thomas of Cilyrychen, near Llandebie, Carmarthenshire, calved three fine she-calves, which are all alive and doing well. This cow has a second time calved three at a birth, and she invariably produces two. Within five years she has produced no less than twelve calves. A JONATHAN.—The Boston Times savs-" On Wednesday we shall issue a second edition, but no first edition." This remi ids us of an honest Hibernian, who called at our office with an ad- vertisement, the price of which, he was told, would be sevjn shillings for the first time, and five for the second. "Faith, then," suil he, I'll have it in the second time."

DREADFUL WRECK OF AN EMIGRANT SHIP. NEARLY TWO HUNDRED LIVES LOST. HARWICH, SUNDAY, With the deepest regret we have to record one of the most frightful catastrophes that probably ever occurred on this part of the English coast, viz., the total loss of a large emigrant ship, on the Long Sands, with nearly two hundred souls on board, during the tempestuous and fearful weather on Wednesday week. The gale commenced in the early part of Wednesday morning, the wind blowing from the south-west, and as the day advanced the violence of the storm increased, and continued till between six and seven o'clock in the evening. A heavy snow storm followed and lasted till midnight. During Thursday news reached this harbour of several vessels having been wrecked on the Long Sands. The first tidings communicated the loss of a Dutch Indiaman, named the Dyle, Captain Laws, bound from Antwerp to Havannah, the crew of which (with the exception of one poor fellow) were picked up by her Majesty's revenue-cutter Scout, and landed here. A large schooner shared a similar fate on the same sands, with the loss of every soul of her crew. Seven or eight total losses were also reported as having happened on the adjacent shoals, and it was hoped that these formed the extent of the disasters. Late on Friday night, however, Her Majesty's revenue-cutter Petrel brought the melancholy intelligence of the appalling loss of an emigrant ship on the same sands, and that nearly two hundred beings had perished with her. Only four of the many on board survived, whom the Petrel had rescued. The ill-fated vessel was the bark Floridan, 500 tons bur- den, Mr. E. D. Whitmore, master, from Antwerp. She was the property of Mr. E. D. Hulbert, of New York, and had been chartered by a German company for the conveyance of emigrants to the United States. She was announced to sail from Antwerp last Thursday week, but for some reason she was delayed till the following Sunday, when she left that port and proceeded down the river. She, however, did not finally take her departure from the coast until Tuesday week. The number of emigrants that had taken a passage by her at Antwerp, and had gone on board before she weighed anchor, is stated to have been from 176 to 200. They comprised young, respectable German agricultural labourers, with their wives and familes and many mechanics; amongst the number on board were from fifty to sixty women and between twenty and thirty children. The ship was worked by a crew of nearly twenty, part of whom were Englishmen, commanded by a Captain Whitmore, a surgeon being on board to attend the emigrants. It was late on Tuesday evening when the Floridan put out to sea. The weather was exceedingly fine, and the wind being fair all bade well for a pleasant run through the Channel. The course taken after clearing the Flemish banks (so say the surviving seamen) was westward for the Straits of Dover. The weather continued favourable up to twelve o'clock, when the wind shifted round to the south-west, blowing very hard, with a fall of hail and snow, and so heavy was the fall that it became impossible to see the length of the vessel. They tacked ship and bore to the north-westward, until four o'clock on Wednesday morning, and then altered their course. Captain Whitmore had charge of the watch up to four o'clock,"when he next went below, the chief mate succeeded him in charge of the next watch. Daybreak brought fearful weather; the wind had sprung up terrifically, with a great fall of snow, and a heavy rolling sea. The ship kept on her course, the intention being to make for the South Foreland light, running under reefed foresail and foretopmast staysail, and the main spencer. Although the storm increased in fury almost every hour, no alarm was manifested for the safety of the ship until about three o'clock, when (according to the statement of one of the seamen saved) the chief mate expressed some misgivings as to the course they were then pursuing, and, calling to the second officer, requested him to take charge of the watch while he went below to look into his coast pilot directory." Scarcely had he quitted his post before the ship struck with terrific force so great, indeed, that her planks and false keel immediately rushed up along- side. A scene of horror instantly presented itself on deck; the emigrants hastened on the deck in frantic dismay. Within a few moments of the vessel striking the sea broke into her hull, blowing up the hatchways, and sweeping many of the poor creatures overboard, while others were drowned in their berths, being unable to rise from the effects of sea sickness. Captain Whitmore, perceiving the inevitable de- struction of his ship, gave orders to his men to launch the boats. The first boat broke adrift the moment it was launched, and, it is said, capsized directly with two men who were in it. The moment the second boat was lowered the Captain jumped into it with Mrs. Whitmore (his wife.) This led to a desperate rush toward the craft. Some twenty or thirty poor creatures, men and women, leaped from the quarter-deck of the foundering ship into the boat; the result was, that it also instantly capsized, and the whole party were precipitated overboard and lost. The crew took to the rigging, to which they lashed themselves, and upwards of one hundred of the emigrants congregated on the quarter- deck. Here they had not been more than an hour before the ship broke in two, amidships. The mainmast fell over the side with a fearful crash, and a tremendous sea carried away the whole of the quarter-deck with the mass of human beings on it. A frightful shriek filled the air, and the next C, moment the unfortunate creatures were struggling in the deep. By great efforts eight or ten were rescued by the men who had secured themselves in the rigging. The moment the ship broke in two, her cargo, mostly merchan- dise, floated out and intermingled with the drowning suffer- ers. For some time men, women, and children were to be seen floating about on the packages. Ere night had set in, however, all had disappeared. The then survivors, about twelve in number, continued in the rigging of the foremast, 0 Z5 which, with the fore part of the vessel, was all that remained of the wreck, the whole of the night enduring the greatest suffering. The sea kept breaking over them, and the cold being most intense rendered their condition most painful. When Thursday morning broke it was discovered that six had died in the course of the night; they had been frozen to death, and their bodies were dangling in the rigging. All that day the same fearful weather existed, and not the least aid could be rendered to those who still existed in the rigging. They could see vessels passing at a distance, but they were too "far offfor the crews to observe their situation. Thursday night and the greater portion of Friday passed away, yet no help came. Only four now remained, three sailors and one passenger; the other two were frozen to death in the courfe of the preceding day and night. About seven o'clock great was their joy at perceiving the approach of a vessel, which proved to be her Majesty's revenue-cutter Petreb The crew belonging to her, by direction of the comma-riding officer, lowered their boat and pushed off to the spot, the heavy surf beating round the wreck in such a man- ner as to render the running of the cutter alongside the wreck exceedingly dangerous. After considerable difficulty the poor fellows were got off and taken on board the revenue- cutter, where everything was done for their comfort. They were in a deplorable state of exhaustion and partly bereft of their senses. Their hands and feet were severely frostbitten, and how they escaped with their lives appears most remark- able. The Petrel made for this port with all sail, and arrived about eleven o'clock at night. Mr. Billingsley, 11 Lloyd's agent and Vice-Consul for the Belgian Government, afforded the poor fellows every attention that was possible by placing them in comfortable quarters. The names of the n c' seamen saved are Henry Hill, William Harry, and a Swede, name unknown. The fourth is one of the emigrants, appa- rently a mechanic. He has been deranged ever since he has been landed. From accounts received from Brightlingsea, a small fishing village near Wivenhre, we hear that a Colchester vessel lost five hands in an attempt to rescue some of the sufferers. The noble fellows saw the quarter deck carried away with the emigrants on it. They immediately pushed off in their boat with a view of saving some of them, but had scarcely got a few strokes when a heavy sea caught their craft, upset it, and the whole of them met with a watery grave. The Long Sands form a very extensive shoal some distance outside the well-known channel known as the Swin. In length they are between nine and ten miles, and their breadth averages from half a miic to one and a half mile. They are about twenty miles from this port, and their other extremity about the same distance from the North Foreland. It is a matter of some surprise that the ill-fated vessel should have made such a course as to touch these sands. It is affirmed that she must have been a number of points out of her track in making for the Channel, for, even boisterous as the wind was, it was not in a direction likely to hasten the striking of the ship on these shoals. The opinion here given by competent parties is that the melancholy catastrophe is entirely attributable to a want of judgment on the part of the commander. At this port he was well known, and was generally considered an experienced mariner. It is worthy. of remark, however, that American commanders in coming from foreign northern ports generally steer a course nearer the English coast than the more proper and safe channel. Upwards of two hundred vessels started on Saturday morning for the spot where the wreck lies, with a view of picking up what portion of her cargo might be floating about. Several revenue cutters also proceeded to the scene to protect it from the ravages of the wreckers. It has been ascertained that the vessel got on the outside of the Long Sands. They are of the same description as the Goodwin. The revenue cutters which have since arrived, report that not a vestige of the wreck remains. As yet none of the bodies have been brought ashore. A great num- ber have been seen floating; most of them being naked, leads to the presumption that they had been previously picked up and stripped of their clothing. Many were known to have large sums of money about their persons, some to the extent of X300 and £ 400.

THE EDITOR OF THE "MERLIN" AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRINCIPALITY. Sm,- You will agree with me that this is a time when all the friends of freedom and reform should be able to distinguish their foes, especially when they occupy the important and ÍH- fluential position of journalists, and aspire to the direction of public opinion.

NEW PROVERB.-Promises, like Government ships, were only made to be broken. A GOOD AVirr,Wheii a daughter remarks—"Mother, I would not hire help, for I can assist you to do all the work of the kitchen," set it down that she will make somebody a good wife.-Uncle Sam. SIMPLICITY.—The Mail says that a nurse at one of the Liver- pool hospitals being sent the other day for a dose of tincture of rhubarb and peppermint, asked very gravely for a dose of india rubber and plenty of pepper in it." AMERICAN BAR ELOQUENCE.—" May it please the honour- able court and gentlemen of the jury-the defendant in this case wilfully and maliciously, with all the fury of a fiend, emerged from the wild wilderness with all the terrific frenzy of a roaring lion, and with his gigantic strength he did then and there seize my inoffensive client by the collar and tore his shirt!"—American Paper. DOING THE JEWELLER.—A sailor, calling upon a Liverpool goldsmith, asked him what might be the value of an ingot of gold as big as his arm, The jeweller beckoned him into a back room, and primed him with grog. He then asked to see the ingot. 1, 0 1" said Jack, I haven't got it yet, but I'm going to Californy, and would like to know the value of such a lump before I start." The jeweller started him out of the shop. WHAT IS THE FEMININE OF BOAR?—In a little school not a hundred miles from Brixton, the question was put, 11 What is the feminine of Boar ?" It went all round the class till it came to the turn of the youngest. Now, my dear," said the school- mistress most confidently, 1 am sure you can tell me what is the feminine of Boar." Oh, yes, ma'am, I know." What is it, then, darling ?" Why, please, ma'am, the feminine of Boar is a Muff.Puizeh. INSOLVENCY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CAPITAL.—Many a member, who has been proved unqualified to take care of his oyv0.j) £ kATs, is yet perfectly qualified, it seems, to take care of the affairs of the nation. The letters M.P. are, in numerous in- stances, only letters of taark aeeorded to certain gentlemen to plunder whom they please without being made accountable for it;—in plain English, it is Piracy according to Act of Parlia- ment.-Punch. Inisii LABOURERS IN AMERICA.—The Irish labourers on most of the public works in America are divided into hostile factions and parties, as our fathers were for centuries before the English invasion under Henry II. There are the Far-ups and Far- downs (men from the South and North of Ireland), the Cor/con- ians, Connaughtmen, and Longtails (men of Longford); and though they all call themselves Catholics, they will not work together on the same section of a canal or railroad.—Corre- spondent of the Province of llfunster. CHRISTIANITY was always taught by its founder with direct applications to life—not as a Science, but as a daily Duty. Love to God was no abstraction. It implied love of Wisdom, Jus- tice, Goodness, Holiness, Charity. To love these is to love God; to love them is to live them. — Theodore Parker. HomE.-There may be a home in the forest or the wilder- ness and there may be a family, with all its blessings, though half its members may be in foreign lands, or in another world. It is the gentle memories, the mutual thought, the desire to bless, the sympathies that meet when duties are apart, the fer- vour of the parents' prayer, the persuasion of filial love, the sister's pride and the brother's benediction, that constitute the true elements of domestic life, and sanctify the dwellings of our birth. Friends are assigned to us for the sake of friendship and homes for the sake of love; and while they perform their offices in our hearts, in essence and in spirit, they are with us ■till. —James Martineau. THE PORTER PUZZLED.—A. porter having a parcel to carry to a student in one of the colleges of Cambridge university, upon entering the square, met one of the collegians, and asked him if he could tell him where he might meet Mr. -——. The son of Euclid replied (at the same time placing his trencher on one side of his head, and wrapping his gown round him,) "You must crucify the quadrangle, then ascend the grades, and you'll find him perambulating in the cubicle near the fenester." The porter, not knowing the meaning of all this, stared; but recol- lecting the last word, asked what was a fenester. A fenester, man, is the diaphanous part of an edifice erected for the intro- duction of illumination." The porter walked off, grumbling, and said he would never ask his way of a Frenchman again. IInns FOR HUSBANDS.—If your wife complains that young ladies "now-a-day" are very forward—don't accuse her of jealousy. A little concern on her part only proves her love for you, and you may enjoy your triumph without saying a word. D >n't evince your weakness, either, by complaining of every trifling neglect. What though her chair is not set so close to yours as it used to be-or though her knitting and crochet seem to absorb too large a share of her attention, depend upon It that, as her eyes watch the intertwinings of the threads, and the manoeuvres of the needles as they dance in compliance to her delicate fingers, she is thinking of courting days, love letters, smiles, tears, suspicions, and reconciliations, by which your two hearts became entwined together in the network of love, whose meshes you can neither of you unravel or escape.— Family Herald. THE DUE or THE DISDANDRD. -Dear Mr. P.—I see, sir, that the establishment conducted by Wellington and Co. are discharging their supernumerary hands, per government order. I wish to know, sir, what these unfortunate parties are to do. Are they to take to the stone-breaking business? or should you say they had better go into the lucifer-match line ? Really, Mr. Punch, I don't think it quite the thing to throw these mili- tary individuals out of employ without any compensation. It 1S not the Stilton. An ex-chancellor does not altogether get the sack when he is dismissed from the woolsack. He has his Sllg allowance of a trifling £ 5,000 a-vear. Do you not coin- cide in opinion with the gent who now addresses you, that sorne little consideration is due to the ex-private?—I am, dear gir, yours respectfully, A BAGMAN.—Punch. WANTS A PLACE !—The following is a correct copy (address fitted) of an advertisement from the Times Supplement, *eb. 7 :)o You a Want a Servant? Necessity prompts the luestion. The advertiser offers his services to any lady or f^fttlenvan, company, or others in want of a truthful servant, Co»tiiential servant" in any capacity not menial, where a practi- Cal knowledge of human nature in various parts of the, world ^ould be available. Could undertake any affair of small or &l'°at importance, where talent, inviolable secresy, or good ^dress would be necessary. Has moved in the best and worst i ^cieties without being contaminated by eithei; has never been SERVANT begs to recommend himself as one who knows his |Uii°e is moral, temperate, middle-aged, no objection to any |Jdrt of the world. Could advise any capitalist wishing to lcrease his income and have the control of his own money. .o:lld act as secretary or valet to any lady or gentleman. Can o advice or hold his tongue, sing, dance, play, fence, box, a sermon> tell a story, be grave or gay, ridiculous or g lime, or do anything, from the curling of a Peruke to the ^J^tting of a citadel, but never to excel his master. Address t

FREE AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRINCIPALITY. Sip.Free and religious education is philosophical—philo- sophical because agreeable to nature. The author of nature wisely and profoundly interwoven the physical and the moral, the secular and the religious and has accordingly conditioned the development of the one upon the cultivation of the other. To cultivate the intellectual, and neglect the moral, is only to distort humanity, and, for a purpose to create monsters. Man, if educated at all, must be educated as a whole; and, in the last analysis, This is the whole of man, to fear God and keep his commandments." (Solomon.) The better a man is educated professionally, the less is he a man." (Donaldson,) Educate man as man; draw out the soul; enthrone the con- science. Eternity must be your work here is the man—edu- cate him." (Hamilton.) Philosophical, 2nd. because suitable to the state of society- suitable because free, and free, because the conditions of liberty are maintained. "When the teacher is the salaried servant of the Government, the governors have in their power to train up the public to habits of servility and prejudices, and thus crush within them every free and manly thought." (Adam Smith.) I call that mind free, which protects itself against the usurpa- tions of society, which does not lower the human opinion, which feels itself accountable to a higher tribunal than man's, which respects a higher law than fashion, which respects itself too much to be the slave or tool of the many or the few." (Channing.) Whoever can get possession of popular educa- tion may change the face of the world." (Leibnitz.) "All, my good university; she was an excellent arsenal of ideas." (Napoleon). Suitable because religious, and religious because the highest interest both of the individual and society at large are attended to. Every other species of popular education will fail.to promote the great end of social improvement, but that which has its basis in Scripture, and its principle in benevolence. The unfolding of the moral principle of our nature is a necessary part in the highest education, and nothing inferior to this purpose can we desire for our poorer country- men." (Hamilton.) But the most important object is to cultivate, before the first seven years of life are past, the moral, the aesthetic, and religious elements of our nature; and this in accord with Christianity. The author hardly imagined that any reader can take exception to the idea of a religious element in human nature. We find awe and reverence of superhuman power common to all ages, and nations. The phrenologist would refer this to the faculty of veneration," according to his organological system, it is, at all events, a natural principle, which, like every other, may take a right or a wrong direction." (Professor Hoppus.) We have seen," says Parsons, "from an examination of the powers of the human mind, and the educational schemes of other countries, that everything in human society is suspended on the tuition of the people. There is hardly any limit to the mental and moral greatness of man ifproperly taught; and, on the contrary, his barbarity, servility, and depravity are almost without bound, when sensualists and despots are allowed to be his preceptors." Philosophical, 3rd, because progressive as the age. Progres- sive, because the quantity and quality of the whole machinery are left free and unrestrained to be augmented, modified, and improved, according to the general advancement of humanity. There is not proscription. All of heaven-born genius may rise." That free and religious education is equit.tlde. Equi- table because consonant with the eternal fitnesses" of things (as potentially subsisting in the Infinite mind, or actually ex- isting in the created universe). Conformity to relations giving rightness to actions, and free and religious education conform- ing with the fitnesses" of things, is pronounced equitable by the very essence of rectitude. Equitable, 2nd, because consis- tent with the highest expression of rightness. There is a spi- rit which comprehends the relations of infinitude, and knows the eternal fitnesses" of things a spirit which pronounces not from an arbitrary will, but according to the essence of vir- tue and the rightness of things. That spirit has declared that a child should be trained up in the way he should go. The same spirit has mapped the way and presented the diagram. Equi- table, 3rd, because just towards all and offensive to none. Just towards all, because all have only to pay for what they receive or to others freely give. Offensive to none, because all are at liberty to take what they wish and give what they please. Israel are not taxed for Judea, and Judea are not charged for Israel. Moriah and Gerinim enjoy their freedom. That free and religious education is effectual. Effectual, because suitable to the state of society. All parties can choose and act for themselves, without wronging or being wronged. Without offending or being offended. Effectual, 2nd, because confident of living machinery. Without life the machinery can have no existence. Effectual, 3rd, because certain of pa- rental interest. The existence of the machinery supposes the sympathy of parents. Effectual, 4th, because sure of pupil affection. Without the awakenment and enrolment of pupil sympathy the existence of the machinery can have no continu- ance. 11 You have to gain the confidence of the poor, as well as to instruct them. The chains of Xerxes might as easily bind the rush of the Hellespont as you can shackle the popular opinion and feeling. Go and win the nation's heart." Effec- tual, 5th, because capable of proper discipline. The highest inducements and the strongest preventives can be brought to play upon the tender conscience. Effectual, 6th, because sus- ceptible of identity with the national life. There can be no antipathy, and there must be sympathy. Lastly, that by the law of contrast and canon of contradiction free and religious education proved to be right, and the secular and compulsory scheme shown to be wrong. PHILOPAIDEIA. [Our correspondent will perceive that we have left out the former part of his able letter. It has been omitted because of the frequency with which the subject of it (State Education) has been discussed in our columns. The subject of the above article is important and momentous, and should be treated with due solemnity. We shall'be glad to hear again from Phiio- paideia and others on the. subject.—ED.]

THE CELLAR GRATINGS, CARDIFF. TO THE EDITOR OF THE PRINCIPALITY. Silt,-Obsei-viiig a paragraph in the Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian of last week, in which the Editor of that paper evi- dently calls in question my statement with reference to three persons being in attendance at the time a young man of the name of Roderick stept into my cellar, allow me through the medium of your paper to substantiate what I then said, by the further evidence of the persons employed on that occasion, each of whom, in addition to mypelf, are. ready to testify the fact. Surely the evidence of three persons will produce greater weight with the public (if not with your cotcmporary editor, who was put in possession of the facts at the commencement), than that of the individual himself, whose attention at the time spoken of appeared to be wholly absorbed with the Valentines in the window above the place where the event occurred, which inat- tention on his part was the sole cause of it. Yours respectfully, Cardiff, March 5th, 1819. JAMES COLE},LIN.