The Principality

THE VEGETARIAN ADVOCATE. DOUGLAS, August 18, 1848. Robinson, 66, Athol-street. THE design of this very cheap periodical is to advocate a vegetable diet in preference to animal food. This number is the first in its present form, and contains a lengthened report of the first annual meeting of the Vegetarian Society. Without expressing an opinion on its particular creed, we can say that it is well got up, and is a periodical from which many important truths may be learned.

"j' FRANCE. The debate in the National Assembly on the report of the Commission of Inquiry into the affairs of May and June, lasted until six o'clock on Saturday morning. The Assembly, on the motion of General Cavaignac, passed to the order of the day immediately after the parties inculpated by the report of the Committee'had been heard in their defence. The political part of the discussion having been thus dis- posed of, the law officers of the Republic mttde formal appli- cation to the Chamber for permission toprosecnte Caussidiere and Louis Blanc as accomplices in the affair of the 15th of May. This permission was granted by an immense majority, and an order issued for their arrest. A demand for permis- sion to prosecute Caussidiere for his connexion with the in- surrection of June, which would have the effect of delivering him over to the Council of War, was refused by a majority of 88. The following was the result of the division For the demand of urgency 493 Against it 292 -,LINItjorit,Y 201 The President: In consequence, the discussion is to take place forthwith. The President: A formal division has been applied for on the demand for the authorisation of pursuits in the case of M. Louis Blanc for the affair of May 15th only. The following: was the result For granting the authorisation 504 Against it 252 Alajr,rity 252 The President: In consequence, the Assembly accords the authorisation to take judicial proceedings against M. Louis Blanc for the affair of May 15th. The President: The Assembly will now vote on the ques- tion of authorising a judicial pursuit against M. Caussidiere t, for the affair of May 15th. The following was the result of the division:- For the authorisation 477 Against it 268 Majority 209 The President: In consequence, the authorisation is ac- corded. The Assembly will now vote on the question of granting the authorisation to allow proceedings to be insti- tuted against M. Caussidiere for being implicated in the in- surrection of June, which will have the effect of delivering him over to the Council of War.—(Great outcry, cries of Iso no!" "Yes! yes! ") The following was -resu]t 0f the division;— For the authorisation 370 Against it; 458 Maiority against it 88 The President: In consequence, the authorisation relative to the insurrection of June id not accorded against the citizen Caussidiere. Immediately after the Chamber had decided that it would at once take into consideration the demand of the liv,- offi- cers to prosecute Louis Blanc and Caussidiere, the two ac- cused left the Assembly. There are various rumours current as to their adventures.' According to one account they were arrested before leaving the Assembly, and shortly Itker six o'clock were taken to the Conciergerie, from whence, in the course of the day, they were transferred to Vincennes. Ano- ther account states that they have not yet been arrested. The following extract from a letter written by Louis Blanc, which appears in some of the journals, seems to confirm the truth of the report that he, at least, is still at large :— Struck Aftt isw gwitty-na.t is imposskible-but as an enemy, by moi-t in whom political JKISSIOUS have 1<;1]"rI""r! ovory ootlUH:J.H uf equity, I go out of the way (je m'eloigne) in order to protest more effectually against the consequences of the state of siege and govern- ment of force, I cannot believe that France will patiently suffer the regular course of justice to remain suspended much longer. When the day for discussion comes T shall be there. LOUIS BLANC. Aug. 26th, 1848." rfhe accounts from Paris of Sunday evening state that neither Caussidiere nor Louis Blanc have been yet arrested; indeed it is supposed generally that they have 8uccceded in escaping into Belgium, The club of the Salle Montesquieu and that of the National Guards haying complied with the requisitions of the sew law, resumed Ihpir sitting on Friday. The second report of the committee on the consiitrstion is to he presented to the Assembly by M. Marrast in the course of the' present week. The clauses with respect to the de- claration of duties and rights," and the chapter on the "sove- reignty of the people," are suppressed; and the clauses which guarantee to all citizens the light to work and to receive m- siruptioi),. are greatly modified. In the chapter relative to the election of a President of the Republic, it is declared that np one can be President who has lost his rights as a French citizen, The effect of this latter clause, if carried, will be to exclude Prince Louis Napoleon.

PRUSSIA. The official journal of the Government contains a long account of the disturbances which took place on the 22nd, from which it appears that the houses of some ministers were j assailed, and some constables who had gone to maintain order were grievously injured. It was said thm "huts had been fired. The official journal announces tImt a j uicial inveeti- gation had been set on foot, and it c< tnose who can give evidence to do so. In the Asseml i »l;nisters gave explanations on the disturbances, from i It appears that the excesses at Charlottenbourg were ( > ible, and that one of the democrats was so ill-treated by the people as to be in danger of death that at Berlin the m ■> broke open, with iron bars, the doors of the hotel of the 1 iaer of the In- terior, and penetrated to the apartment that they uttered cries at the residence of the President of and threw stones through his windows at a moment v< h';u dl the foreign ambassadors were assembled j that they damaged thejacade and smashed the windows of the hotel of Minister of Jus- tice, and told him in the street that he ought to resign, as he had lost the confidence of the people, i he mob also went to the Hotel-de-Ville and devastated the t > idor. The con- stables had the greatest trouble to pi e\ tin ther mischief until the arrival of the Civic Guard. The > M tors announced that extraordinary measures would be presented "to the As- sembly by the Government. The Mini ter of Justice was severely hurt in the leg by a stone thrown through the, windows of the President of the Council. The disturbances at Berlin were caused by what took place as Charlottenhourg* and were excited by a placard of the Democratic Club.

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The Hamburg Borsenhalls of the 24th gives the following, intelligence from the seat of war:- KIEL, AUG. 24.—Eleven of the principal places in the Duchies are fully garrisoned by the confederate troops, Of which from 45,000 to 50,000 occupy Schleswig alone, while the Schleswig-Holstein troops, 10,000 to 12,000 strong, oc- cupy the Duchy. About 60,000 men have been furnished up to this period, respectively, by Prussia, Hanover, Brunswick, Oldenburg!^ the two Mecklenburghs, the four Hanse towns, Weimar, Nassau, and Baden. ALTONA, AUG. 24.—It is expected that an armistice gene- rally favourable to the German cause will be concluded within a fortnight, Or at least by the 15tli of September. RENDSBURGH, AUG. 23.—M. Deetz arrived this morning from the National Assembly at Frankfort, and proceeded at once to the German head-quarters. It is supposed that he is authorised to conclude the negotiation respecting the armis- tice. 0 HAMBURGH, AUG. 24,-Tlie prospect of peace has thrown more life into business; rates and exchanges are higher and more favourable. By way of Paris we have received intelligence that aa armistice had been definitively concluded between Denmark and Germany, through the intervention of Lord Cowley re- presenting Great Britain, and of M. Bellacourt representing the French Republic.

XUfwfog. SKETCHES FRmI THE CROSS. A review of the characters connected with the crucifixion of our Lord. To which is added a notice of the character of Balaam. By JOHN JORDAN DA VIES. London: Ward and Co. 8vo. pp. 362. THE author of this volume is a countryman of ours, native 0f the neighbourhood of Cardigan, and is grandson of a for- mer vicar of that town. He was himself intended for the ministry of the State Church, hut as he entered into man- hood he became a member of the Baptist society at Cardi- gan, then under the ministry of the late John Herring, and studied under Dr. Ityland at the Baptist College, Bristol, and has been a devoted and assiduous minister and pastor, first of all at Tottenham, London, and is now usefully employed in the pastorate of a new and rising church at Bootle, near Liverpool. This is not the first time we have met with Mr. Davies in the walks of literature—some very excellent tracts have come from his pen, and they have been emi- nently useful to young Christians. Some sixteen or seventeen years ago he published an able address on Ecclesiastical Establishments," the reading of which at the time we well remember, and we could much wish to see it published as a sixpenny tract for more general circulation. This volume is of a much higher character- Sketches from the Cross"—and it contains dissertations, biographical, characteristic, and hortatory, on Judas who betrayed" the Redeemer Peter who denied him John who adhered to him;" the Apostles who deserted him the women who ministered to him;" the chief priests and rulers who persecuted him" (in four parts); Pilate who condemned him;" Herod who mocked him the people who demanded his death;" the soldiers who cruci- fied1 him" the centurion who believed in him the malefactors who suffered with him;" 1,1 Joseph and Nicode- mus who buried him and then the illustrious sufferer," and with his model character." The mere enumeration of these topics may suffice to inform the reader of the extensive character of the field before the author, and now before his readers. How dissimilar the persons here commemorated, and yet how intensely human And what a deep tragic interest attaches to the whole as- semblage Mr. Davies has some rare qualifications for this IC" kind of composition. His style is choice, chaste, and trans- parent—but more adapted to quiet statement and calm dis- sertation than to fervid declamation. His mind is obviously I- stored with various knowledge, and he has the art of judi- cious selection and pertinent illustration. His sympathy for the evangelical doctrine is profound and most devout- while his love of true liberty in the largest sense of the word is unfailing as instinct itself. He discriminates admi- rably, and the ever-varying shades of character find in this vol urn e many a happy exposition. A few extracts will sa- tisfy the reader of the correctness of these remarks. His (Judas's) prevailing motive was the love of money. By the habitual indulgence-of his avaricicusness he had become the blind slave of that sordid passion. All generosity of senti- ment, all nobility of mind, all sense of integrity and honour, had become extinct. The dominant, all-pervading, all-absorb- ing passion was avarice. So money were obtained he cared not what means, however disreputable or dishonest, were em- ployed, nor in what contemptible dribblets it came into him. The same passion predominated in the sad transaction before "us, rendered him insensible to its real nature, and blind to its awful consequences. He thought only of what he could get; he did not design any personal injury to the Redeemer; he did not wish to inflict any he had no expectation that any would be inflicted. The only thing that occupied his attention was the certain gain he had no thought to bestow on the un- certain consequences. The thirty pieces of silver filled the whole field of vision, and engrossed his whole soul; he could see nothing else, and with him nothing was bad that helped the acquisition of wealth. These remarks may, if seriously weighed, enable us to form a just estimate of the character o Judas, as well as to apprehend his reasonings, and to enter into the state of his mind when he undertook to betray his Lord. And now we ask, has there been nothing like this conduct in the world since he made his ignominious exit ? Is there no- thing like it to be seen in the present day ? Alas it meets us on every hand. The brotherhood of Judas is about the most extensive in the world. Not only shall you find men prepared t.) sacrifice everything to a dominant passion, but that passion shall be the love of money." A question of vital interest is agitated—the constituency of the country is appealed to, the happiness of millions is in- volved in the issue, and how do many of our electors act: Some do not concern themselves in the least in the merits of the question, but make it known that their suffrages are in the market, and that the highest bidder may secure them. Others have their opinions, but lures are presented, promises are made if they will vote in opposition to their convictions and they do it. They thus sacrifice what they believe to be the truth, and the best interests of their country, at the shrine of mam- mon. It is not that they hate their fellow men it is not that they wish to injure their country; but they. act as Judas did he sold his master for thirty pieces of silver, and they sell their country for what they can get for it. Among the causes of Peter's betrayal of his master Mr. z, Davies says- One cause is found in the known character of Peter. He was aman of ardour, impetuosity, zeal; but like many others of a similar temper, he was destitute of moral courage. In the garden he was bold and fearless his ardour and physical cou- rage appeared to advantage there but now in a calm yet peril- ous-moment, when nothing but moral courage will avail him, he is weak as tow. There is no necessary connexion between physical and moral courage; some of the finest specimens of the former have proved themselves utterly destitute of the lat- tei\ We have another cause in the state of mind which he had recently indulged. I refer particularly to his overweening confidence and pride. The solemn warnings of his Lord ought to have humbled him but his confidence was in himself, [lad nut in his God. By this means he ceased to realise his de- pendence on God, and thus cut off those spiritual supplies and succours which flow from the great head of the Church to the members of her spiritual body." In the anatomy of the character of the beloved disciple Mr. Davies is eminently at home and this article was ob- viously a labour of love, of intense sympathy, and congruity with the peculiar features of the disciple that Jesus loved." We are strongly tempted to extract portions of this be- witching paper, but we must forbear. The persecutors are delineated in bold outline, and full, broad, truthful colouring. The illustrious sufferer" is pathos thoughout, while the I- model character" may be safely compared with any account lately given to the public of the leading characteristics of the Lord as an example to his followers. The essay on the character of Balaam" is added, (the author observes,) as it appeared to harmonise with the pre- vailing spirit of the volume, and to dest- rve very serious consideration in an age in which the simple idea of duty- of doing that which is right, leaving the consequences to Him whose will is law—is dying out of the public mind, and everything is sacrificed to wealth and worldly respcct- ability." It contains in six sections aluminous description of the prophet who loved the wages of unrighteousness aid we pity the man who can read it without, being wiser and better. Wc heartily thank Mr. Davies for the rich treat that he has given us in this volume, and hope it will its way into the hands of our readers generally, while we shall look toward meeting the author again with another literary gift in his hand. 11 llii- oes, hoen, a dcdwyddiccli uhh''—[The foregoing was mislaid several months ago. Wc are sorry for the delay which has been thus occasioned. —ED.] A GRAMMAR OF THE WELSH LANGUAGE. By WILLIAM SPURRELL. Carmarthen: W. Spurrell. London H. Huo-hes. It), St. Martin'«-le-Grand. 1848. THE author of this publication states that he was induced to compile it by a feeling on his part that no sufficiently simple work on the subjects on which It treats had ever ap- peared in print. The chief merit al the work consists in the number of examples of the different rules which it con- tains; Some of these, however, are not accurate, such for instance as that Gwyllt is an exception to the role that the vowels to and y in the masculine become o and e in the fe- minine. We acknowledge that dynes wyllt is often and perhaps generally used, though dynes wellt would undoubt- edly be the correct form. That givellt was formerly used as the feminine of gwyllt seems to be evident from its being retained in some old names, such as yr ynys wellt, the wild island. The words dispur, impure, and disliiv, colourless, are contrary to the analogy of the language. We have also the word afall-and efyll, for gefaill and gefeilliaid (twin, twins). Other instances might be specified, but the above will suf- fice as illustrations. To such readers as will not have time to study the elaborate work of Dr. William Owen Pughe, and who may desire further information than is contained in the more lucid and concise work of Mr. Gambold, Mr. Spurrell's publication may prove very useful. It is not too elaborate for practicable purposes, and its few errors are not such as to render it unworthy of confidence. It may be serviceable to many young persons who have neglected their Welsh studies during the progress of their English education. It will refresh their memories and enable them to acquire a tolerably correct knowledge of their native lan- guage in a short time. FOUR TRACTS ON THE STATE CHURCH. By TILLET, BURNET, MIALL, and HINTON. London British Anti- State Church Association, 4, Crescent, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. 1848. THESE admirable tracts were delivered in the spring of the present year in the form of lectures, by their respected authors. The Executive Committee has done well and wisely to publish them in this chcap form, so that he who runs may read. Church Establishments are fast becoming the question of the age, and the present age in all proba- Z, bility will have to sit in solemn judgment on the principle. 0 It is therefore meet that State Religionists and Volun- taries should marshal forth their arguments in defence of their respective views. Whichever party is right truth is sure to gain, and it matters little what becomes of party if her royal claims be conceded and recognised. Lord John Russeil at last seems to be alive to the fact, that the Anti- State Church Association is in existence. We trust his lordship's memory will be amply impressed by it, if he attempts to introduce a measure to pay the priest next year. Party priests must serve the interests of their parties, before the interests of the State, and therefore on political grounds such measure must be highly impolitic. Every individual priest will regard his own denominationalism as the fullest, best embodiment of God's truth; and if he does not regard that as more important than State policy, he must be a hypocrite. State pay will be sure to produce hypocrites, though the hypocrisy may be either towards God or the State. In too many instances wc fear the god of gold would be preferred to the God of Glory. The first of these tracts is by J. H. Tillet, Esq., and is entitled the Church in Fetters." Its object is to illustrate the evils necessarily resulting from the connexion of the Church with the State, from the present state of the Church Establishment. Mr. Tillet shows with great force and clear- ness, 1. That the religious faith or creed of the Established Church is under the control of the Legislature. 2. The Church, by accepting endowments from the State, forfeits its right to the appointment of its7bishops and clergy. 3. And that, it has surrendered the powers of self-government and discipline. Being in this condition, in truth, the Church is in Fetters." We can see no redeeming feature in this case, and we wonder what beauty others can see, unless it be that the fetters are gold. Tract 2, by the Rev. John Burnet, on the endowment qf all religious sects," deserves to be studied with attention in these days, when men in office are just dying with anxiety to pay all sects. They are ready to frame minutes, in reply to memorials, the very authors of which are ashamed to own them in less than half a moon. Mr. Burnet very clearly shows that when Govern- ment says to the different sects', "We will pay you all," they mean, we will make you all pay yourselves." The money must come from ourselves. The Government will take the money out of our own pockets, and then will give the sects some portion, keeping the largest part for them- selves-for the tax-gatherer, the supervisor, the chairman of the Board of Commissioners who supervise the supervisors, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer with his clerks and un- derlines." We wonderthat prudent men can be blind to a fact so obvious. Government money is to come from tKS people, and from the people it cannot come, so, long as our national debt continues what it now is, without increased taxatt.on- the taxing of the man who already pays his own minister, or educates his own children—the taxing of men who honour Jesus for the support of the worship of the Virgin Mary- and the taxing of him who curses Jesus in his heart for the promotion of what he deems a pernicious falsehood. In short some religionists will be paid for exhorting people not to go to hell, and others will be paid for teaching that there is no hell to go to. If this would not be the perfection of absurdity, it is difficult to imagine how the climax can ever be attained. In the third tract, Mr. Miall, in his own clear and persua- sive style, shows what is the separation of Church and State. This he defines to be Penalty, Preference, Pay-or, in other words 1. The repeal of all laws, or portions of laws which inflict penalty or civil disability on account of reli- gious proceedings. 2. The abolition of all preferences and privileges, conferred by law in favour of any form or forms of religious faith or profession; and 3. The resumption by the Legislature for strictly secular purposes of all national property now devoted to the maintenance of reli- gion. We should think this is rendering the subject quite intelligible to the meanest comprehension. The separation of Church and State is no abstract theory, but it is really a very practical question. The last tract by the nev. J. Howard Hinton, M.A., is devoted to the question, Church property—Whose is it?" An abstract of the admirable argument of this tract appeared in our last number, in our review of the Tracts for the Million," and we need not enlarge now on its merits. The whole pamphlet ought to be very carefully studied. It contains truths which ought and which must become known ere long. We are of opinion that the sooner the better, for the real interests of all classes in society. The great sham of State Education is only intended to support the greater sham of State Religion. Jack is already paid for doing nothing, and, in future, Tom is to be paid for help- ing him. It is time that both Tom and Jack should be left to their own honest industry. We very cordially recommend this admirable publication to the notice of all parties. It will amply repay perusal—and might be of great service to those statesmen in aiiniature, who compose the present ministry. A GUIDE TO MERTIIYR TYDFIL, and the TRAVELLER'S COMPANION in visiting the Iron Works, and the various interesting localities of the surrounding neighbourhoods containing a concise history of the Rise and Progress of Merthyr Tydfil, with brief notices of Glamorgan and its Antiquities. By T. E. CLARKE. Merthyr T-ydfil: H. W. White. London Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. 1848. THIS little work furnishes much interesting information in regard to the subject on which it treats. Its greatest draw- back is, its want of arrangement and method, as topics are huddled toget-her without any regard to date and propriety. For instance we have a description of the river Taf, for- mation of the first canal, the manufactories of the county, length and breadth of the coal fields, consumption of coal in great Britain"—mixed together in the second chapter with the language of the Welsh nationality, population of Gla- morgan, and principal towns." With an account of the different iron works, amount of iron made, quantity of coal used; we have the population of Merthyr, and festivities in -honour of the christening of the infant Earl of Windsor. In chapter nine, the subjects, .are the ascent of Mr. Gypson, in a balloon, in 1847 the facilities of railway travelling; the old church of Saint Tydfil the j nuptials of R. T. Crawshay, Esq., in 1846, and the statistics of Merthyr, in 1815, and 1842, and 45. Should a second edition be issued, which we do not think improbable, Mr. Clarke can easily rectify these minor matters, as well as correct some numerical errors. In p. 64, it is stated that the first dissenting congregation in Wales was formedin Merthyr about 1620, by Vavasor Powell. We presume that this is a misprint for 1640, as the noble Vavasor was not born before 1617. But we are by no means sure that he preached at Merthyr so early as 1640, though it is more probable he did then than in 1620. He was in orders before 1640, and officiated as curate to his uncle Mr. Erasmus Powell, atClun. We have an account from his own pen that he preached at an honest man's house in Brecknockshire," in 1640, when above fifteen or sixteen lewd fellowes broke into the house and pretended that they had a warrant from one Justice Williams, and did several times offer violence to myself and the rest of the brethren who were with me." We conclude from the context that this must have happened somewhere near Builth. From that time up to 1642, when he left for London, it would seem that his labours were mostly confined to North Wales, where he was sadly ill- treated. We have also his own authority for stating that in 1641, the professors of religion were exceedingly tew and rare, except in some corners of two or three counties. About which time was the first, if not the only gathered church in all the country." If this was the case, it is not probable that he himself had a congregation at Merthyr in 1640. He returned to Wales in 1646, and settled shortly afterwards (1649) at Goetref, in the parish of Kerry, Montgomeryshire. It ought to be known, however, that the imprisonment which terminated with his death, was on account of his having preached in the churchyard of Merthyr Tydfil in 1668. The clergyman of Merthyr, George Jones, a man notoriously known in the county for many horrid vices, posted away to Cardiff, at the end of the Quarter Sessions, and found two Deputy Lieutenants in the town fuddling after their usual manner," who committed Mr. Powell to prison, where he remained until removed to the Fleet prison, in London, where he died in 1670. We have almost taken a trip out of the record, hut the information may be interesting to many of our readers and may prove serviceable in a future time to Mr. Clarke. We hope his little book will meet with a rapid sale, and that it may again appear in an improved and enlarged form, as the history of our iron metropolis deserves to be fully and accu- rately written. Meanwhile the present guide will prove interesting and useful to many.

MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA. The accounts from the principalities are very contradic- tory. According to one account, the Russian troops have withdrawn from Moldavia, and Turkey has recognised the Provisional Government of Wallachia. According to other accounts Russian and Turkish troops are advancing into the principalities to restore the old regime, and the Wallachiaiis are determined to resist force by force. A letter, dated Galatz, the 5th, says that—" It is greatly to be feared we are on the eve of serious complications, as upwards of 80,000 Wallaehians are in arms. Suleyman Pacha has arrived at Georgeovo, at the head of 15,000 men. It took the Ottoman troops four days to cross the Danube. A regiment of ca- valry has arrived from Chumla. We have, further, 4,500 men, under the command of Rifaat Pacha, quartered in this city,"