The Principality

SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHY. The following paper was read by Captain IbbotSon, prepared by W.Morgan, Esq., "On some bones found in the riverTawy. The accompanying bones were found in a bed of clay about five feet below the bed of the Tawy, and nearly at the bottom of the accumulations of gravel and other detrital matter which occur to so great an extent in the embouchure of the Swansea valley. They were obtained by some workmen while employed in excavating the ground for the foundation of a quay wall at the Hafod Works, and in their immediate vicinity was found the antler of a species of deer. The antler (which did not come into the possession of the writer) was broken, but the whole of the fragments were recovered. No other bones or organic remains of any description were found in the same place. F. Whithan, Esq., delivered a short address in explanation of the improvements in the construction of transparent and translucent models for geological purposes. Captain Ibbotson explained the nature of some railway cut- tings he had investigated on the Bangor railway. Dr. Buckland delivered his lecture on the evidence of the former existence of glaciers in the valleys" that descend from the mountain chain, of Snowdon. A large map of Snowdon and its vicinity, together with diagrams of Pont Llanberis, Aberglaslyn,'Drws-y-coed, Vale of Conway, &c., were exhi- bited. Th,e lecture was a most elaborate piece, and delivered in the doctor's happiest style. Sir Henry De la Beche, Pro- fessor Oldham, and other gentlemen took part in the subse- quent discussion. The last meeting of the members of the association took place at three o'clock p.m. this day, the Marquis of North- ampton in the chair, at Park-street chapel. The noble chair man begged to inform the meeting that he had that day received two letters from gentlemen long connected with the British As- sociation, gentlemen eminent for their literary and philosophic attainments, namely Sir Roderick Murcheson and Baron Rou- glousky, a foreigner. Although absent in body their sympa- thies were with the meetings, and deeply did they regret their unavoidable absence. For himself he (the noble marquis) begged with the utmost sincerity to return his warmest thanks to the gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood for their per- sonal kindness to himself and to the members of the associa- tion. To his old and esteemed friend, whs he ,believed was the senior member of the British Association,-the eminent natu- ralist, Mr. Dillwyn, to his friend Mr. Vivian, the Mayor of Swansea, and the whole of the corporate body for their noble assistance; to the local committee, and tp-'the various com- mittees of the different rooms and vestries given them for the different sections, and still perhaps more so to the congregation of the noble chapel in which they were then met, inasmuch as it showed them that they at least felt that science, when pro- perly understood, was not inimical to religion. The marquis concluded an admirable address of some length, which for want of space we are compelled to omit, by again thanking the gen- tlemen above-named sincerely and warmly. Mr. Dillwyn, Mayor of Swansea, acknowledged the compli- ment paid him by the noble lord, and expressed himself highly gratified at having the association in Swansea. Mr. Vivian followed in the same strain. He was glad to find it had been a successful meeting. He spoke the feelings of the gentlemen of the neighbourhood as well as his own when he hoped again to be favoured with a visit from the British Asso- ciation, when facilities by railway would be afforded, and a much larger number might be expected to attend. Mr. Moggridge acknowledged the compliment paid him, and the other members of the local committee, and begged to assure the gentlemen present that they had been amply compensated for the trouble and anxiety they had experieneedk: > « 1. Professor Phillips begged to read them an abstract of the treasurer's accounts, and also to compare the attendan'ce in Swansea with the attendance during the last four years. The number of tickets issued were as follows Old associate mem- bers, 51 old life members, 149; new associate members, 23; new life members, 3; associates, 388; ladies, 205; foreigners, 15; reporters, 13; total, 847. In 1844, at York, the tickets disposed of were 940. In 1845, at Cambridge, 1,090; 1846, at Southampton, 860; 1817, at Oxford, 1,250. In 1841, at Ply- mouth, 650; in 1842, at Cork, only 370. Swansea had done nobly, so little below the above large, and easy of access, places. Colonel Sykes proposed, and Mr. Dillwyn, sen., seconded a vote of thanks to the noble president, who acknowledged it in. a very humorous speech on the improvement of the Swansea streets, and the naming of the same, and hoped soon again to visit Swansea.

SCENE IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.—At twelve o'clock on Friday night the condition of hon. members in the two galleries of the House of Commons was most pitiable. Legislating is evidently much more fatiguing than the hardest agricultural labour. Who ever saw, in the heat of harvest, a dozen la- bourers fast asleep in a field of a few perches ?■ And yet last night, in the highest fervour of a smaller compass, I (a correspondent of the Times) saw at least a dozen; of our legislatorial labourers recumbent at full length on the downy cushions of the galleries, and buried, to all outward seeming, in the most profound repose. It would be invidious to mention the names of the dozen sleepers,; but a high legal functionary was among them, who snored on unblushingly through a long debate. A metropolitan member, as if ashamed of his somnolency, did his best to sleep with decency by cover- ing his face with both his hands; but another, without the slightest regard to the usual convenances of society, turned his face to the wall, and exposed a most extensive surface to the admi- ration of the House. At half-past twelve o'clock, there was an attempt to report progress; but all in vain. The only re- sult of the motion was that the cry for a.division woke the sleeping members, who shook themselves gloomily, and then sheered off, with tottering steps and slow, not into the lobby, but up to Bellamy's, to obtain some slight refreshment to en- able them to encounter the prolonged labour which at that hour they had s: ill to undergo. THE ESTIMATES.—" Honourable members" were employed all last week in voting away the public money, so that there was more fun, more idleness, more absurdity, and more sleep in the House-than usual. The little amuscmen-ts on these occa- sions remind one of the dancing of certain barbarous tribes round the-victims they are immolating. Poor John Bull bleeds, as fast as Seneca in the warm bath, and Russell smiles, D'Israeli jokes, and Sibthorpe makes the exhibition complete by down- right buffoonery. If a sensible member—such as Mr. Cobden or Mr. Hume—makes a practicable objection to a preposterous increase, up jumps some stupid and enthusiastic gentleman, and taunts him with wishing to diminish the national glory; as if the national glory depended upen expending fifty times more than is necessary for all rational purposes! We have thou- sands spent in steamers that can't carry guns, and frigates that won't sail, because these large sums of money were at the dis- posal of incompetent persons whereas, if the charges had been rigidly supervised, no such disgraceful blundering could have taken place. The most curious phenomenon in the debate was not so much the buffoonery, perhaps, as the sleeping in the House, which is now becoming a kind of furnished lodging for indolent senators to pass the night in. While about the estimates, why did not some one propose a sum for beds and blankets, that members might, at all events, sleep comfortably and respec- ably ? There might be tent-beds for hardy young representa- tives, hammocks for captains in the navy, and even cradles for those gentlemen—and there are more than one—who have reached their second, perhaps their third, childhood. We ad- mit the strong temptation to sleep.caused by the generality of the speeches but let honourable gentlemen be men, and exert themselves. If Virgil's Palinurus had had strong coffee, he need not have tumbled overboard in his sleep and cannot coffee be procured at Bellamy's?—Puppet Show. FATAL COIMERY EXPLOSION .SUNDERLAND, AUGUST 16.— A melancholy accident occurred yesterday, at about one o'clock, by an explosion in Polka pit, at Mtlrloti, near South Hetton, about ten miles from this town, by which twelve men and three boys have lost their lives. Another boy is so much, injured that he is not expected to recover. Oi e horse and two ponies were also I i led. The pit had been laid off work for, about six weeks, from tn overflow of water, and juid resumed working about a week pre- vious the accident. PARLIAMENTARY MOTION.-Mr. rose to movêfor" a re- turn of all the useless, idle, impertinent, and ridiculous speeches made during the present session of Parliament, with the names of the speakers affixed." Should this return be granted, it is sup- posed that the document will be the most voluminous on record.— Punch.

MONEY MARKET. WEDNESDAY ETENING. Much diversity of opinion appears to exist as to the probable amount that may be required to meet the wants of Ireland in regard to food, and on this account great interest is attached to the forth-- coining budget. The general receipts of the Treasury, and if we include likewise the amount obtained from corn imports, are rather satisfactory. The funds opened rather better this morning from a feeling that the weather is more promising. Consols for the Account opened and remain at 86è to 861; for money they have been done at 86 and 86.1. Although the tone of the market is generally firm, there is not much business doing. In the Foreign Stock Market there is nothing doing. In the Share Market there is some improvement as compared with the quotations of Tuesday. Railway Shares are rather firmer.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. BANKRUPTS. John Morgan, sen., and John Morgan, jun., woolstaplers, Here- ford, Sept. 7, and Oct. 4, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Valpy, official assignee, Birmingham; Motteram, Knight, and Emmet, Birmingham. TOXDON CORN EXCHANGE,

MoxDAY, AUGUST 21.-—Owing to the unsettled state,of the weather, and the short supply from the near counties, our market for wheat was ,3s. per quarter dearer this morning, and at this advance the arrival was cleared off. In Foreign wheat there was likewise more doing at a similar advance, and Polish Odessa afloat realised 48s. to oOs. per qr. free on board, including freight and insurance Baltic and Dantzic qualities we quote worth 50s. to 55s. in bond, on the spot. The condition of the new wheat was much the same as last week, varying considerably, and sold at from 48s. to 62s. The millers advanced the top price of Flour to 53s. per sack. Barley in more demand, and Is. to 2s. dearer. Beans and peas 2s. per qr. higher. Notwithstanding the Foreign supply.good fresh Oats sold Is. per qr. higher, with a better demand. Maize met with more inquiry. Fine English Carrawayseed realised 29s. percwt. Rapeseed dull. Linseed Cakes quite as dear.

QUOTATIONS. Wheat, red 48 to58 Fine 0 0 White 50 65 Fine 0 0 Flour, per sack (Town) 46 52 Barley 28 33 Halting — .32 Malt, Ordinary 54 .56 Malt, Ordinary 54 56 Pale 58.60 Rye 30 .32 8. s. Peas, Hog 38 to 42 Maple 36 40 Boilers 1 42 44 Beans, Ticks 33 35 Pigeon 36 3S Harrow 34 38 Oats, Feed 19 23 Fine 23 26 Poland 20 26 Potato 22 27 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23.-The arrivals of all descriptions of grain since Monday have been small. This morning's market was well attended. English and free foreign wheat must be written fully as dear as on that day, floated and bonded cargoes were inquired after, and commanded an advance of 2s. per quarter. Barley and oats were a free sale at Is. per quarter more money. Beans and peas realised our extreme quotations. -r.V"

SMITHFIELD. MONDAY, AUGUST 21.-The supply of foreign stock in to-day's market was very moderate for the time of year, and a large por- tion of them were beneath the middle quality. The beasts and sheep met a very dull sale, at barely last week's prices, but calves sold at full rates of currency. From our own grazing districts the arrivals of beasts this morning were somewhat on the increase, and in fair average condition. Price per stone of 81bs. (sinking the offal). Beef 3s 2dtp4s 2d Veal 3s. 4d.to4s. 4d. Mutton 3 10 .5 0 Pork .3 10 .4 6 Lambs. 3 10 5 0 | HEAD OF CATTLE AT SMITHFIELD. Beasts. Sheep & Lambs. Calves. Pigs. Friday 1,136 10,100 647 oO Monday 3,520 24,000 451 413

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE. TUESDAY, AUGUST 22.-W-e have to note a moderate increase chiefly in the supply of English and foreign wheat here since Friday, with a fair importation of Indian com, but of any other produce, either British or foreign, the arrivals during the week are rather inconsiderable, and the exports comparatively light. In conse- quence of very heavy rains and boisterous winds having prevailed within the last two days, our market this morning was numerously attended by home and country buyers, and considerable animation existed, thereby raising our quotations over the currency of this day se'nnight in the following order, viz. English, Irish, and all qualities of duty paid foreign wheats, upon a good demand for consumption, 4d. to 6d., and parcels generally in bond, 8d. per 701b. Home-made and Irish flour 4s. per sack, and States, including Canadian, 3s. per barrel. Barley and malt 2s. per quarter each beans of all descriptions 3s. pease, 4s. per qr.; oats 3d. to 4d. per 451b. and oatmeal 2s. per load. Indian corn was 3s. per quarter higher than on Tuesday last; and corn meal realised an improve- ment of 2s. per barrel.

HOPS. BOROUGH, MONDAY, AUGUST 21.—Our market continues very firm at the recent advance in prices, with very few Hops in offer, holders generally not being disposed to sell in the face of present appearances. The duty has declined to £ 180,000.

LATEST CURRENT PRICES OF METAL. £ s. d. £ s. d. IRON—Bar a ..Wales. ton 5 15 0 to 6 0 0 „ ..Loudon. 615 0 Nail rods ———— 7)5 0 Iloop (Staf.) ——— 8 15 0 Sheet „ 9 15 0 Bars „ ——— 8 10 0 Welsh cold-blast foundry pig. 3 10 0 4 5 0 Scotch pig b, Clyde 2 6 6 Rails, average. ——— 6 0 0 Chairs. ———— — 4 0 0 Russian, CCND c ——— 17 0 0 „ PSI -———— Gourieff ——— Archangel 13 0 0 Swedish d, on the spot. ———— 11 5 0 Steele, fagt — 15 0 0 kegse. — 13 10 0 COPPEit-Tile f. 78 100 Toughcake. 79 100 Best selected. 82 10 0 Ordinary sheets, lb — 0 0 9 bottoms — — 0 0 10 YELLOW METAL SIIIIATIIING ————- 0 0 71 TIN — Common blocks g owt. 150 bars. — 3 16 0 3 18 0 Straits h.. 314 0 Banca. — — 4 0 0 TIN-PLATES—Ch., IC i, box I 8 0— 110 0 „ IX 1 14 0 — 1 16 0 Coke, IC 1 5 0 1 6 0 IX 111 0 112 0 LEAD-Sheet k.ton. 17 0 0 Pig.reiined. ———— 18 0 0 cDnnnon 16 0 0 16 100 Spanish, in bond 16 100 Red ——— 18 100 Dry White 23 0 0 Shot (Patent) ———- 19 100 SPELTER—(Cake) I on spot. 13 5 0 13 15 0 for arrival ZINC-(Sheet) ?n export 20 0 0 21 0 0 QUICKSILVEP* n lb 0 3 6 a Discount 24 per cent. b Net cash. c Discount 24 per cent. d Ditto iii bond. i Discount 3 per Cent. k Ditto 24 per cent. I Net cash. In kegs 4 and 4-inch. fDiscount 3 per cent. g Ditto 2& per cent. Net cash. 1n Discount- I per cent. n Discount 14 per cent.

P5ices"OFWE Shares. Company. Paid. Price. 1000 Abergwessin 7 u — 10000,Banwen Iron Co. 6 6¿ 8000 BlaenaVon 50 174 10000 British Iron, New regis 10 13 Do. do. scrip 10 10 1000 Cwm Erfin 31 3,1 3000 Dyfngwm 10 124 6400 Gadair. 2 2 100 Grogwynion 5 1000 Llwyn Malys 5 — 36C0 Llynvi Iron 50 50 50' 0 Merionethshire Slate and Slate Slab Co. li 2 40-0 Pennant 1 litti Pen hiw 30 65 10000 Rhymney Iron 50 13 1OO«»0 Dittq New 7 10 2$0#> B.hos-«^u^ol Mine — 6

HIDES. LEADENHALL.—Market hides, 561b. to 641b., l?d.to 2d per lb • ditto, 641b. to 721b., 2d. to 2,jd.: ditto, 721b. to 801b., 2id to 2id"' ditto, 801b. to 881b., 3d. to 3|d. ditto, 881b. to 961b., 3jd to 3id/ .ditto, 961b. to 1041b, 3}d. to 3Jd.; Calf-skins, each 4s. 6d. to 5s. od '• Horse hides, 8s. 6d. to 9s.: Lamb Skins, Is. 6d. to 2s. 7d • Sho&rl lings, 9d. to Is. 4d. •»

HAY. SMITHFIELD, AUG. 21.—At per load of thirty-six trusses meadow, 55s. to 75s.; new, ditto, 4os.to 68s.; clover, 80s. to 100» • new, ditto, 70s. to 92s.; straw, 24s. to 30s. ",A/"

COLONIAL MARKETS. O „ Tuesday Evening. SUGAR.— Ihe market has again opened for the weelt with a dull and depressed appearance, but the importers seeing they could not effect sales to any extent without establishing a further decline of importance, withdrew, and bought in largely 300 ilhds. West India sold, and oat of 8,000 bags Mauritius, Bengal, and Madras offered in the public sales, scarcely one-fifth part sold. Refined has been dull, and prices have declined 6d. standard quality 52s. 6d. on COFrFr,This article wears a dull appearance, and good ordi- nary native Ceylon has been sold in public sale at 28s. 28s. 6d., which is a decline of Is. upon the last public sale price.' A large parcel, say 4,000 bags, Costa Rica (foreIgn), of qualities suited for home consumption, found buyers at full relative prices. RICE.—This article has again been in large speculative demand, and about 6,000 bags are reported sold, half in public sale, half by private contract; good, middling white Bengal sold at 14s • fine 14s. 6d.; ordinary, to fair, 12s. 6d., 13s. 6d. Aracan, 10s., 10s. 6d.; and there now appears to be increased eonfidence in the article.

WELSH MARKETS. COWBRIDGE. TUESDAY, AUGUST 22.-The market, considering the state oil the weather being rather fine, was well attended; large quantities of wool came into town for the September fair at Bristol. Butter was sold for lOd. per lb., being a reduction of Id. on this day week's market. The corn seems stationary at last week's prices. Pigs are still high, particularly for store there was more than all average quantity of sheep for sale, and passed off quickly.

PONTYPRIDD. AUGUST 23.—Wheat, new, 8s. 6d. per bushel; old, 9s. 6d. to 10s.; Oats, 3s. 9d. to 0s. Od.; Beef, 5d. to 63d. per lb.; Mutton, 6d. to 7 £ d.; Lamb, 7d. to 0d.; "V eal, 5d. to 6d. Fresh Butter, Is. 2d. to 0s. 0d.: Salt, ditto, 0s. ll £ d. Cheese, 4d. to 7d. Potatoes, Id. per lb. beans, 3d. per quarter; French beans, 14(1. per lb. ducks, 2s. 6d. I to 3s. Od. per couple; apples, Is. 6d. to 3s. per hundred; onions. ld. per lb. fowls, 2s. to 2s. 6d. per couple.

.-4, CARMARTHEN. AUGUST 19. Our market to-day is rising, the prices as follows Wheat, 7s. Od. to 7s. 6d. per win.; Barley, 3s. lOd. to 4s. 3d. per win.. new barley, 4s. Od. to Os. Od. Oats, 2s. 2d. to 2s. 4d. per win. Butter, 84d. to Is. per cask; Cheese, il 8s. Od. to £ i 10s. Od. per ewt. New Cheese, El 3s. Od. to £1 4s. Od. Beef, 4d. to 6 lid. per lb.; Mutton, 5d. to 6id. Lamb, od. to 6d.; Vea.I,3d. to 5(1. Cow Hides, lid. per lb. Tallow, 34d. to 4d. per lb.; Fowls, Is. Od. to Is 3d. each; Ducks, Is. 6d. to Is. 8d. Eggs, three for 2d. Potatoes, eight lb, for 6d Fish, Sewin, 6-id. per lb.; Salmon, 8d. Peas, 3d. per quart; Beans, 2d. "V""J.

HAVERFORDWEST. AUG. 19.—Wheat, 5s. 9d. to 7s. 6d.; Barley, 4s. to 4s. 6d. Beef. 6d. to 7d.; Mutton, 5d. to 6d.; Veal, 3d. to 5d.; Lamb, 41d. to 6d. Butter, sixteen ounces, 8d. to 101d. ditto, twenty ounces, Os. lOd. to Is Id.; Eggs, thirty for Is.; Ducks, 2s. Od. to 2s. 3.. ¡ per couple Fowls, Is. 6d. to 2s. Od. ditto.

CARDIGAN. AUG. 19.—Wheat, 7s. to 7s. 6d. per win.; Barley, 4s. to 4s. 6d.; Oats, 23. toOs. Od. Beef, 4d. to5d.; Mutton, 4kl. to 5M. Veal, 4d. to 5d.; Lamb, 4id. to 5d.; Fresh butter, lOd. to Is.; Salt, 8id. to Ocl7 Cheese, new, 18s. to 20s. per cwt.

NEWPORT. AUG. 19.-Beef, 7d. to nd. per lb. Mutton, 7d. to Od.; Veal,' 6jd. to 7 Jd. Lamb, 7d. toOd.; new Potatoes, 6d. to7d. per quarter green Peas, lOd. to Is. per peck; Broad Beans, 6d. per peck Fresh Butter, Is. 2d. salt ditto, Is. to Is. Id.; Fowls, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6J. per couple; Ducks, 3s. 6d. to 4s. 9d. per couple. Store- ¡ house price of corn is slightly on the rise oats 24s. psr quarter. ¡

MERTHYR. AUG. 19.-Beef, 5d. to 7d.; Mutton, 6d. to6 £ d.; Veal, 5d. to 6d.; Lamb, 6d. to 64d. Pork, 6d. to 7d.; Cheese, Od. to Od. Butter, Salt, Od. to XOjfd. Fresh, Od. to Is. Od. Potatoes, eight pounds for 6d. Onions 2d. per lb.; apples, Is. to 3s. per hun- dred pears, ditto; beans, 3d. per qr. eggs, ten for 6d; Fowls, 2s. Od. to 2s. 6d. per couple.

SWANSEA. AUG. 18.—Wheat, 7s. Od. to 8s. Od. Barley, 4s. Od. to 4s. 8d. {. Oats, 2s. 8d. to 3s. 4d. per bushel.—Meat (per lb., to sink the offal) Beef, prime, 6d.; good, 54d.; inferior, 5d.; Mutton, prime, 6d.; good, 6d.; inferior, 5id.; Veal, prime, 6d. good, 54d. inferior, 44d. Pork, prime, 5Jd. good, 5id. inferior, 5d. Lamb, prime, 6jd.; good, 6d.; Fresh Butter (19oz.), Is. 11. to Is. 2d. Salt ditto, in cask, 9d. to 94el. per lb.; skim milk Cheese, old, o"cl. to 4gd. per lb new, ditto, 2id. to 3!d. per lb. Fowls, 2s. Od. to 3s. Od. per couple; Chickens, Is. lOd. to 2s. 8d. per couple; Ducks, 3s. Od. to 4s; 6d. per couple; Eggs, nine for 6d.; Potatoes, d. to lei. per lb.

CARNARVON. AUG. 19.—Wheat, 56s. to 58s.; Barley, 29s. to 30s.; Oatmeal, 27s. to 29s. Beans, 72s. to 80s; Longpod, per bushel, 15s. to 16s.; Vetches, per Cibbyn, 2s. 6c^. to 3s. .v.

MOLD. AUG. 19.—Wheat, per hobbet, 20s. 6d. to 20s. 6d. Oats, 7s. Od. to 8s. 3d.; Barley, 13s. Od. to 13s. 6d.; Vetches, Os. Od. to Os. Od.. Beef 7d. to 8d.; Mutton, 7d. to Od.; Veal, 5d. to 6d.; Bacon, 8d. to 9d.; Ham, lOd. to lid.; Potatoes, per hobbet Os. Od. to Os. Od.; Butter, Fresh, lid. to 12d.; Salt, lOd. to lid.; Eggs, twenty-four for is. Ducks, per couple, 2s. to 2s. 6d. Fowls, 2s. 3d. to Os. Od.

ídb$. On the ifith inst., at her father's residence, St. Bride's, Mrs. Evans, the wife of the Rev. D. Evans, St. Mellon's, of a daughter. On the 14th inst., at Cleeve Villa, Cotham New Road, Bristol, Mrs. James Bagmlll, of a daughter. On the 23rd inst., the wife of Mr Thomas Lewis, draper, High-street, Newport, of a son. J&atrtages. On the 15th ult., at the Independent chapel. Holywell, Flintshire, by the Iter. D. W. Jones, minister of the place, Mr. E. Parry to Miss A. Rowland. On the 10th inst., atHampstead church, by the Rev. Mr. Wilson, Mr. W. B. Watkins, of Cardiff, to Miss Isabel, youngest daughter of the late John Bramwell, Esq., of Selside, near Kendal, Westmoreland; On the 15th inst., at Clydey, Pembrokeshire, by the Rev. T. James, Mr. T. Mathias, schoolmaster, Blaenyffos, to Miss Margaret Davies, Plasyrhendy. On the 20th inst., at Clifton church, Mr. John Clement, of Bristol, to Miss Anna Maria Butcher, of the Hotwells. On the 21st inst., at the Tabernacle chapel, Merthyr, by the Rev. John Evans, of Cowbridge, Mr. William Hughes to Miss Ann Davies. On the 21st inst., at the Registrar's Office, Merthyr, by Mr. Lewis, Mr. William Phillips to Miss Mary Thomas. On the 21st inst., by the Rev. D. Stephenson, at the Independent chapel, Brynmawr, Edmund James, Esq., of Abertillery, to Mrs. Mary Jones, of Crosspenmain, near Newport. i1geatb%. On the 7th inst., aged 43 years, Evan Evans, Esq., merchant, Aherayron. On the 13th inst., at Aberystwyth, Mr. John James, miller, formerly of Pelywern, near Aberystwyth, aged 54 years. On the 16th inst., in Union-street, Carmarthen, Mrs. Williams, relict o the late Rev. John Williams (the second), minister of Ebenezer chapel, ia Carmarthen. On the 20th inst., at her residence, Nelson-terrace, Cardiff, Mrs. Laaglcy, aged 68. On the 21st inst., Evan Edwards, Esq., surgeon, Caerphilly, aged 5S Printed and published by the Proprietor, DAVID EVANS, at his Office, No. 7, North-street, (near the Savings Bank,) in the town of Cardiff, in the parish of St. John the Baptist, Glamorganshire. Friday, August 25, 184i 7

the population engaged in manufacturing and mining operations are brought together in great numbers, the absence of resident gentry is always followed by alack of instruction. The few day- schools which exist are remarkable for their "dirt, disorder, and neglect. In the larger towns, where however manufacturing in- dustry is not carried on to the same extent as in the rural dis- tricts, the educational resources of the population are more available. Some few mill-owners have established schools from philanthropic motives but these form the exception and not the rule. When considering the influence of great towns, the lec- turer reinarked that these towns and their influences- comprised .tine-half of the population of the kingdom. The least instructed .districts are those comprised in Sections 2, 5, 6, and 8, containing .according to the last census A population of nearly 10,000,000. The most instructed districts are 1, 3, 4, and 7, which comprise a population (including the metropolis). of 6,253,402 souls. It is remarkable, however, that the annual value of the real property assessed to the property and income tax in the least instructed districts far exceeds that of the most instructed districts. In the former it is £ 4.691,646, and in the latter £ 37.111,589; but in the former the actual number of persons of independent means, according to the census, is 219,93;), whilst ic the latter, though con- taining a much smaller population, it amounts to 226,043. The great central region of England, which (with the exception of the metropolitan counties) has by far the densest population, is one with the least portion of instruction. It appears singular, that the aggregation of population in towns, especially for mining and manufacturing operations, does not lead to increased means of instruction but that the increase of popu- lation in towns of residence and miscellaneous occupations, al- ways leads to an increase of educational resources. Wales is included amongst the least educated districts. The statistics collect I'd are so curious, that we will present them to our readers. The marriages under 21 years of age, as compared with the total population, is as 417'37 to 888-02 in the metropolitan counties, where the marriage ceremony appears to be more in vogue but in the northern and midland districts (manufacturing and mining counties), the proportion is 2125-94. Surely the Welsh bachelors ought not to allow themselves to be left thus far behind in the a-ace for connubial happiness. It must, however, be observed, that in Wales there are fewer illegitimate children than in other of t he kingdom, the proportion being infinitely less than in the northern and midland manufacturing and mining counties. The amount of pauperism in Wales is also considerably less than in most parts of England, being5.5, whereas in London it is 12.5, and in the south midland and eastern agricultural counties, 39.5. The deposits in the savings banks are however below the pro- portion to the deposits of the general population, They should be £ 2,227,908, instead of which they are but £ 1,219,105. The criminal returns for Wales are however low, as compared with the average of the population, hut not so low as in some of the purely JlgricujtUral districts of England. A test of education has been applied by referring to the signatures to marriage registers, as .contrasted with marks; and the comparison between education and crime is drawn from the same test, as applied to criminals in gaols. It should be mentioned, that this is the first statistical proof which has been arrived at on this interesting subject. The objects of inquiry have been, whether the decline of ignorance, so tasted amongst the population at large, be accompanied by a cor- responding decline of criminals within the walls of our prisons; and, secondly, whether there has been any remarkable progress or decline in the proportions of persons of such degree of instruction appearing before the criminal tribunals of their country in a series of recent years. The lecturer expressly avoided any total com- parisons, yet slightly glancing at them it appeared that the com- mitments from the year 1842 had decreased from 31,309 to 24,303 in 1845 and it was more remarkable that this diminution of commitments was continuous, and that it was the first continu- ous diminution which had occurred in the course of 40 years. Unfortunately, it did not continae. In 1846, there was an in- crease to 2.5,107 j and in 1847, to 28,8!J3 an increase of no less than 14-84 per cent on the year. With reference to the degree of education, as tested by the signature to the marriage register, the following are the results of statistical investigati(,n :-In 1839, it was 33'6 per cent. in 1840, 32*4; and in 1844, it had declined to 32-4 per cent, being a decline of 1'2 per cent, in 31 years. Amongst those committed to assizes and sessions, in 1837, -8, -9, the proportion wholly unable to read or write was 34'4 per cent., and in 1842, -3, -4, 31*3 per cent., being a decline of 3*1 per cent. in five years, thus showing about double the rate of decrease, ivhen comparing general crime with general education. It ap- pears strange, however, that in the least educated districts the pro- portion of wholly uninstructed among the persons committed for trial, is less than among the population at large; while in the most educated districts, the proportion of the wholly uneducated amongst a similar class is proportionably above the average it ■mi''hi be imagined by some that this apparent anomaly might be accounted for by the immigration of the most ignorant and dis- solute of the rural population to the metropolis: this, however, cannot explain the relative excess of the totally ignorant'' ap- pearing in the criminal calendar of Rutlandshire, which is the only one of the Midland counties remarkably advanced in popular education; neither can it explain the coincidence of a similar fact with the superior instruction of Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham. The result of the lecturer s observa- tions upon this head was, that the proportion of the wholly un- educated in jail is less than the proportion in the population at lar"e, and this criterion applies equally to the purely agricultural districts of the south and east, as to the purely mining and manu- facturing districts of the north and west. The two least criminal regions are at the opposite extremes of England, and Consist of the Celtic and Scandinavian races. After this interesting lecture was delivered, a discussion too /t ■place, in winch Mr. Vivian, M.P., Mr. M. Milnes, and a number of other gentlemen took part; the chief facts elicited by the discussion were, that in Prussia and Germany generally, many instances were known of parties who had forgotten the normal education in reading and writing which they had received. It a o pea red that similar instances had been known in the South Wales district; but it was generally considered that there was a peculiar advantage appertaining to Wales, in the circumstance that the scholar was compelled to learn two languages, and to translate one into the other. With regard to the discrepancy between the statistics of education and crime, it was suggested that physical circumstances, such as the regularity of employment, kc. had a material effect upon the returns referred to in particu- lar districts. Swansea and its neighbourhood was remarkable for re«ular employment, and for the circumstance that, owing to the cheapness of surface land, upwards of one-half the labouring puuulation were not only their own landlords, but had built their ■iTwn cottages. This result is probably without a parallel in any other portion of the British empiie. STATISTICS OF MEXDICAXCY. This was a paper communicated by Sir J. P. Boileau, Bart., entitled "Static of Mendicancy." After expressing an t.oiiuon respecting the nature of Statistics of Medicancy iu the )ii' .on re, United Empire, lie however feared that there were no means at present for such a general object. It would be important to lectiiye the tables drawn up trom the books of the Mendicity • Booiet^of London, which show the progress which Iriiih Men. dicancy has made on that society. The number of meals given to Irish if: January 1828, Was 379, whilst in January 1848, the number was 21.578, which, by allowing each person four meals a month, suppose 5,39S individuals relieved, showing the enormous in.ease between the two periods of about 5,300 per cent or 53 u-ion Fruin this, it was fair to suppose that. 50 per cent. or half of rl:(i 5.393 were grown up persons, while in 1828, following the .21 r.e rule they amounted to 47. While Irish Mendicancy appears tj have ao much increased, English Mendicancy does not seem to Have varied in amount since 1828, though it increased in 1832-3 j and ia 1837-8 considerably. The causes of the increase of Irish Ûeudcancy were attributed to severe winters—the late failure of the rotate crops in Ireland, and the establishment of refuge houses .nacl soup kitchens in the Metropolis, and the alteration in the Poor-law of 1837 to 1839. Before that period it was the practice •jb refuse relief to wanderers in the Metropolis. Since then it has Jjeen considered that Irish wanderers have as good a legal right to it as any other person. Another cause assigned as contributing to trie influx of Irish to London, was that the low lodging house ■Vespers found means of obtaining tickets from the Mendicity •S ciety, and by offering so many orders for food to tho e wiio would lodge with them. These means induced old Mendi- cants to flock to London. This new of the case- was suppor ed by statistical proof. These were considered the most probable causes of the increase of lrl,h Mendicants. The remedies sug- gesed to meet the evils were to discontinue the establishment which held out food or lodgings to Mendicant^, without inqu ry as to character or a labour test, and by the establishment of district rccnvi -g houses, under thesuperintendence of the police. r. Fletcher referred to the fact of the society being under the necessity of suspending its operation in consequence of the great itiiitWoi Irish last ye&r, and al§q to the melancholy fact of$< many of its officers losing their lives from catching the Irish fever liumng the discharge of their duties. A conversation then occur; ed in thecourse of vymch it was stated that such was the rapidity o. communication between the Irish, that two days previous to ;h • dosing of the society there were (j97 cases in one day after, not ati applicant appeared. It was li .ewi.se stated$hat a determii a- t on was now some t0 not to allow any one to obtain relief unless heb dbeena rpSidj t for the yerpd of six months, in order to stem the torrent of vagrancy. At the close of the discussion, Sir John Boileau was thanked for his communication. WEDNESDAY. SECTION A. Mr. Moggrilge read a paper On two cases of uncommon atmospheric refraction." The first case occurred near Abera- von, when a schooner, situated considerably below the line of a direct vision, and which line was obstructed by a sand hill, was still completely seen. The second ease was a reflection in the air of the Mumble range of rocks seen from Swansea. In both these cases the images were not inverted: as such images are for the most part. Professor Rogers mentioned that Lake- Superior, in America, afforded frequent and most distinct instances of these mirages; apd Sir David Brewster said that an hour's reading of Dr. Vincent's paper in the 3rd vol. of the Edin. Phil. Transactions would put any one; in possession of all the most remarkable instances of mirage. Sir David thinks that some how or other the air for the time assumes the form of a huge lens, and thus produces these effects.