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I AGRICULTUKE IN NORTH) WALES.

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AGRICULTUKE IN NORTH) WALES. On Tuesday, the weather was fine and dry, but bitterly cold out of the sun. The moun- tains were pretty thickly capped with snow— deeper apparently than at any time during the winter. The same morning my glass registered eight degrees of frost. The lambs on the pastures between Penmaenmawr and Bangor are weekly increasing in numbers, and shepherds have an anxious and busy time ahead by day and night. If the weather keeps dry the percentage of losses will be light, but if we get cold storms of hail and rain—as we did for the first day or so of March-the death rate will rapidly increase. Let us hope for the best. From an attentive study of the cattle markets I have arrived at the conclusion that the good time coming which I ventured to predict a fortnight ago is fairly on the way of realisation. Last week, there was a good all round inquiry for store stock at improved rates. This was especially the case for high-class cattle, which sold remarkably well at all centres. The inclement weather may retard trade to a slight extent this week, but it is too late in the year to expect protracted winter weather now. We may experience a succession of cold storms, which harass the flockmaster with his lambs, but the sun grows more powerful daily, and spring will soon be with us. The names of the judges of Welsh cattle and mountain sheep at the Bath and West Show to be held at Cardiff, on May 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 30th, are Messrs J. M. Griffith and T. Jones. Now that the Bath and West has entered the Pirncipality, I trust the promoters will receive such sup- port as will encourage them to return at the earliest opportunity. Good work is (says "Merlin" in the "Field") being done in the county of Mon- mouth in connection with technical instruc- tion in dairying. In all there have been 4680 attendances of students, while 435, of which seventy-one came up last year, have been examined, and 429 certificates given. At the cheese school two varieties of cheese were made—Caerphilly, which produced slightly less than a pound per gallon of milk, and which realised 6id per gallon for the milk employed, and Wensleydale, which also produced slightly less than a pound to the gallon, but which realises lOd per pound or 9§d per gallon for the milk. This is satis- factory, and should induce makers to take this variety in hand, with the view of its in- troduction but it must not be supposed that it can only be produced in Yorkshire. As an example of the cost of working a dairy school, it may be mentioned that the butter school was held at four different centres, and that, including the cheese school and the county butter-making ex- aminations, the total net cost amounted to J3253. In three cases out of five the butter realised more money than the cream cost, which is so far satisfactory, but the examin- ers' fees and the many items of expenditure, together with the prices and cost of storage and conveyance of plant, with the salaries of the teachers and their assistants, brought up the total sum of net cost to the figure which has been mentioned. The gross cost was £ 479, including B126 for the salary of the instructor, while the produce sold and the fees paid by the pupils, of whom there were ninety-one, including those of the cheese school, amounted to I £245, or somewhere about 50s apiece. The time will no doubt arrive when County Councils will discriminate more closely in the selection of persons who will be entitled to receive instruction. There are probably many who have been permitted to attend schools who will not take any advantage of the knowledge they have gained. This must naturally be the case. At some time, perhaps, greater help will be afforded to a smaller number of pupils, who will be required to pass some form of examination, or to satisfy the committee that they are deserving of help before they will be accepted. In the early days of the movement, promiscuous teaching, for that is almost what it amounts to. cannot be avoided. Whatever the cost has !)een, however, it cannot be denied that an immense service has been performed, and that in spite of the legends about the great skill of our grand- fathers and grandmothers in the manufacture of dairy produce, the butter and cheese made to-day is infinitely superior to that which I was produced by a former generation. In times gone by everything was performed by rule of thumb. To-day nothing is taught which is not the result of scientific investiga- tion. The "Mark Lane Express," discussing Mr Channing's work on "The truth about agricul- tural depression," says an important point is raised by the hon. member under the heading of "Compensation for the Sitting Tenant." As the law stands at present a tenant can have no claim for compensation until his tenancy expires, and he quits his holding. The honourable member would, speaking roughly, alter this by a change in one word he would delete "and," and sub- stitute "or." This would mean that the tenant would be able to claim compensation for all unex- hausted Improvements when he quitted his holding, or when his tenancy expired and he commences a new one. An unthinking individual might consider this a difference without a distinction, or look upon it as a I case of splitting straws. It is. however, neither one nor the other; it is a matter of the gravest moment to hundreds of tenants in various parts of the country. Let us en- deavour to summarise the matter as shortly as possible. As the law stands at present a farmer may spend any amount of money in improv- ing his holding, but he cannot get one farthing of it back again unless his tenancy determines, and he quits his holding. If his tenancy does determine, and he is de- sirous of creating a new one. he must then defer all claim for the money which he has 8unk in the land, and-what is worse—he must expect that an increased rent must be paid simply because he has improved the land. In other words, he must f*7 m°re rent because he has done well to his farm. Mr Seng's suggestion is, on the other hand, that he should be able to have his im- provements assessed when his tenancv is en'Je^ a™ "ef°re he commences another, and that the landlord should then (as it were) draw a line across the ledger, after paving for the improvements, and start afresh. It is not absoln+elv that there should be a payment for a reduction in rent, or an expenditure of capital by the landlord would generally meet the case.

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