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----THE DFCLINE AND FALL OF\…

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THE DFCLINE AND FALL OF NEWBOROUGH. t Newborough is a place of great interest, of striking contrasts. Side by side with cottages which are mere hovels you find the remains of mansions which could once boast of dignity and splendour. Ages ago it was a town of considerable political and social importance. Landed aristo- crats had their "townhouses" there, and the town was a parliamentary borough. All that is past and gone. Even the land of the par; sh has lost its ancient grandeur and fertility. Hundreds of acres of rich meadow have been covered by sterile sandhills, blown thither from the sea. Whole farms have thus been devastated, and thousands of rabbits are the only denizens now of vast areas where once the yellow corn bent to the breeze. The rabbit-catcher reigns where the love-lorn swain once could sing, Mi sy'n bugeilio'r gwenith gwyn, Ac arall sy'n ei fedi." The story of Newborough was worth the telling, and Mr Owen Williamson did well to essay the task. His Hanes Niwbwrch (Liverpool: W. A. Jones. Price Is), is a little volume that will be read in all paits of the globe, and chefr the home-sick heart of many a daring sailor boy in the remotest corners of the earth. For Newbo- rough, despite its disastrous past, has produceed a crop of men unsurpassed for their energy and love of adventure. If the sea robbed it of a part of its pristine glory, it got tit for tit in return. The Newborough boys have conquered the sea that stole the la.nd from their ancestors. JSome ef the biggest aud smartest merchant crafts afloat are commanded by Newborough skippers. New- borough is a hall-mark that passes current in most of the great shipp; ng offices. It is a golden key that opens all doors. n Shipowners know they can always trust a Newborough captain. Other towns there are which are not looked upon with such favour in this respect, and their sailors are a drug in the market. I could name some of these towns, but I refrain. Newborough men and Newborough lads, however, Lile very much sought after, as they are always good natured, willing, courageous, and trustworthy. Go to any port you like on the face of the globe this moment, and you are pretty sure to find a Newborough man there and ten to one he is a capt tin or an officer. I Mr Williamson was bred, if not also born, in the town. His father was the famous old bard, Bardd Du Mon, who was within an ace of capturing the chair at the historical Aberffraw Eisteddfod. Bardd Du was not originally a Newborough boy. Ho passed through on one of his pilgrimages, settled down there as a schoolmaster, and re- mained there for the rest of his not over-happy life. He cultivated the muse under great ^difficulties. Schoolmasters at that time were not so well paid as they are now, and Bardd Du was not perhaps the most, "fforddiol" of men.His son's lines fell in more pleasant place. He followed his father in the pedagogic profession, and had charge first of a national school, and then of a board school, in the neighbouring hamlet of jDwyran for many years. lie has now retired on a pension, and devotes his leisare to the pursuit of Literature. Historical novels from: his pen have appeared in some of our contemporaries, and he has taken scores of prizes iu local eisteddfodau for poems and essays. His one supreme delight is the study of the antiquities of the locality. Several of his articles on this subject have been published in Cymru." This little book of his is the result of many years of careful research. He has consulted every scrap of available documents, collected information from all sources, and increased his store of know- ledge by enquiries amongst the oldest inhabitants. The first forty pages of the book are taken up with the history of the political rise and fall of the town. A bitter and prolonged battle was fought between Newborough and Beaumaris for Parlia- mentary representation. The final struggle took place im 1730, and the fates favoured Beaumaris. The story of the contest is even too long to be gammarised here. The reader will find it set forth lucidly and concisely in Mr Williamson's volume, and the perusal of it cannot fail to prove of con- siderable interest. J chapters brace the origin and progress 9f the social and religious revival of comparatively modern days. After the disappearance of its an- cient political prestige, Newborough seems to have gone through a long period of poverty and apathy. At last a time of activity and enterprise dawned. A trivial incident resulted in considerable develop- ment. A small syndicate of Newborough men bought two ships. John Jones, subsequently Captain Jones, Bodiorwerth, was appointed cap- tain of one of them, and the Bodiorwerth ships gave to the world a large number of sailors. Generation after generation of lads commenced their career on board these vessels, and New- borough became famous for its sea-goiog men. The Bodiorwerth ships, however, were small ones, and did not sail into foreign parts. In 1808, Mr Humphrey Owen, the son of Mr William Humphreys, of Llanfaglan, came to live at Rhydd- gaer, a large farm in the parish of Llangeinwen, adjoining Newborough. Mr Owen was a remark- able man in many respects, and having the neces- I sary capital, went into the shipping business. His first ships were the Swallow," the" Royal William," the "Hindoo," and the "Higginson." In these the Newborough lads sailed to all parts of the globe, and Mr Owen's commercial enterprise thus affected, in a vital degree, the prosperity and development of Newborough. The navigating fever took firm hold of the place, and has not re- laxed its grip in any measure even [unto this day. Mr Owen's memory is honourably perpetuated by his children, six ef whom are happily still with us. One of them lives in the old home, Mr Thomas Owen; the two other brothers are Messrs W. N. Owen, J.P., Plaspenrhyn, and John Owen, Ty Coch, of this town. The daughteis areUrs Jones, Treaama; Mrs Morgan, formerly of Bryngwyn Hall; and Mrs Griffith, Maenhir. They are all worthy children of a worthy fathpr, and, it need hardly be added, highly respected and esteemed by aU. The Methodist revival is not treated as ade- quately as might be desired, the celebrated Sasiynau" not being mentioned at all. Here the author neglected a subject eminently worthy of attention, and a subject that would yield a great deal of interesting matter. Mat-making, the staple industry, is also somewhat gingerly handled, and that in the course of a few casual notes at the end of the book. The subject cer- tainly deserved a chapter to itself, which chapter, if properly written, would have been one of the most inter, sting in the volume. The book has been written in a fluid, clear, readable style. The author, as already intimated, knows how to manipulate the pen, and his Welsh is tolerably pure and idiomatic. Some chapters might have been profitably condensed, while others would well bear a little extension. Had the author passed the proof-sheets through the hands of a literary friend, an occasional blemish, and a few flippant sentences here and there, might have been avoided. On the,whole, however, Mr William- son has done his work in a very creditable manner, and he deserves our gratitude for undertaking the task and accomplishing it so satisfactorily. To write the history of a parish or a town is not so very easy a matter as it may look to the anin- itited. In fact it is one of the most difficult things in literature, and it cannot be done without a great deal of patience, diligence, knowledge, and sound judgment. In the prasent instance, the materials, considering the ancient importance of the towu, were most provokingly scanty, and it must have been a work of great difficulty and delicacy to obtain and verify the facts, and to draw the correct generalisations from them. Mr Williamson applied himself with praiseworthy ^Wnce to the collection of the raw material, and wknowledge and critical judgment as an anti- miarian has enabled him to make good UM of that material and to produce a book of exceptional interest and merit.

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