The Cardiff Times

TALKS ON HEALTH. i By DR, ANDREW WILSON. j — j A Word About the Eyes. j When any ailment affects either eyes or ear it is our bounden duty to seek for qualified advice on the first appearance of disease, and also to b>> careful on the negative side of things to do nothing to either organ which would tend either to injure its structure or to permit the attack of disease to go on un- checked. I make these remarks because, in the first instance great harm is frequently done to either organ of sense by reason of the neglect- to seek at an early stage of a complaint for the advice of a qualified eye or ear surgeon. In the second place, home treatment of the the advice of a qualified eye or ear surgeon. In the second place, home treatment of the eye and ear, except it may be in the very simplest possible oases, is apt to proceed on erroneous lines. Hence valuable time in at- tacking the disease js wasted, and a oarnaged eyo or a damaged ear may result from the lack of adequate attention at. the hands of a qualified practitioner. Both eye and ear are composed of structures so delicate that when attacked by any ailment we must consider the case a much more serious one than where organs of a gosser fibre, so to speak, are affected. Also we have to bear in mind that even a very slight derangement of the eye or the ear may in a very short space of time cause a very large amount of permanent alter- ation of either organ to take place, with the result that the power of seeing or the function of hearing may be altogether lost. This last, it need hardly be said, is not by any means a pleasant result to contemplate. Some Causes. In the first.. instance, it should be laid down I as a definite rule that in the case of the eye no poultices are ever to be applied to the organ I of sight save under medical advice. It can very well be understood that a poultice to the eye is much more likely to cause serious injury than to effect any good purpose in the cure of disease. In the first place a poultice is intended more or less to favour the for- warding of inflammation towards the forma- tion of matter. In the second place, even if matter forms in connection with the eye the presence of a poultice simply confines such matter within a limited space, and tends to afford every chance for the matter to re- present in this way a further source of trouble and disease. When the eye has to receive hot applications to it, these should take the form of fomentations. Tepid water, with various substances dissolved in it may be run over the eye from a clean piece of lint or cotton wool, so as in this way to subject the eye to a con- tinuous current from time to time, all the water passing over and from the eye being gathered up on another piece of cotton wool, which, especially in the case of any di charge from the eye being present, should instantly be burned. A second caution is equally worthy of note. Never use a sponge for any pur- pose connected with the eye. The sponge, it may he said, is now being quite as much di. credited in the practice of surgery and medi- cine, as it is in the barber's shop. It is practi- cally impo sible to ensure that any sponge, however thoroughly it may appear to have been disinfected, can be warranted to be free from germs and free from the risk of con- veying infection. Hence it is much safer to employ pads of sterilised lint or sterilised cotton wool in place of sponges by way of applyi g any fomentations to the eye, and also of ab- sorbing any diseased material from eye or e r. The remark that a sponge should not b ■ used iu connection with the eye may be as applying to other parts of the body l when are in any way affected by disease. It is much !>< ( ter w"bere any discharge has to be wiped away, to us.; ™ec? oftlcle?11 n ^OI> a pad al lint, which can be a burned. Simple Eye Ailment8- Where a simple attack of inflammation of the eye occurs, marked by a certain amouut o pain, and especially by the appearj-nc • of I- redness in the white of the eye, a Simple ap- plication will probably serve to cure the ail- ment. Such inflammation is common after exposure to cold, and especially if a person sits ¡ in a draught. When this simple type of inflam- mation runs a fairly severe conrs-». the indi- vidual may complain of a ieeiing as if grains vidual may complain of a ieeiing as if grains of sand were beneath the upper eye-lid. this feeling being produced by the distension cf j some of the. fine blood vessels which exist j that situation. In such cases it- is reil to ore- J tectthe eye from light for a we-nnnp a green eye-shade, green being ii col^ that is particularly grateful And soothing to the eye, and stands in this respect, in marked contradistinction to such a colour as red. Simple lotions are generally ordered in con- nection with this ordinary eye inflammation. I Thus eight grains of sulphate of zinc may be dissolved in eight ounces of rose water, or one drachm of boracic acid may be dissolved in the same amount of rose water. It is best to apply all such lotions to the eyes (diluting them at first with a little additional plain water) by means of an eye-cup. This very useful little appliance can be bought from any chemist. It consistis of an oval glass cup on a stem. the oval of the cup exactly fitting into the eyet cavity. The cup is filled with any lotion and is pressed against the eye cavity. The lotion is kept from escaping and the eye can be fully opened so that the lotion comes into contact with all its parts. Another useful lotion adapted for the treatment of eye inflammation and also for more serions ca es, is compounded as follows :—Sulphate of zinc 20 grains, wine of opium (without aromatics) two drachms, and rose water to make up four ounces. A teaspoonful of this lotion may be added to a breakfast cup of tepid water, and used twice or thrice daily as an eye wash. About Perspiration. I It is curious to note how the perspiration, like every other secretion of the body, seems to be liable on occasion to e xhibit characteristics inconsistent with those we are accustomed to associate with the healthy state. The per- spiration or sweat represents so much of the waste matter of our bodies resulting from the work our bodies arc perpetually discharging, and excreted or taken out of the blood by means of the numerous little sweat glands which exist in the underskin, and the ducts or tubes of which run up to the surface of the outer skin, each ending in what we term a "pore." These sweat glands are most numerous in the arms and hands and soles of the feet, and less numerous in the neck and back. Several millions of these must exist in tho skin of a single individual. Perspiration, it should I be noted, is always being given forth from the skin. We are always perspiring, and any difference which is to be perceived iu the state of the skin is simply due to the fact that some- times we perspire more freely than at other times. The skin in health should always be of a moist character, due to the perspiration which is perpetually being given off. In this way it presents a striking contrast to the very hot skin of a fevered patient. Some Ailments. Occasionally, people who are in ill health complain of a disagreeable odour which at- taches to the perspiration, and it may further- be said that it is sometimes a matter of ex- treme difficulty to discover the exact- cause of this condition. Some physicians are inclined to attribute it to digestive disturbance, and especially where constipation is present. Some- times the perspiration will acquire a spccial odour in certain cases of kidney disease, but as a rule, given attention being paid to the state of the skin and the frequent use of baths, it will probably be found that where perspir- ation exists, some defector other of the general health is existent. For disagreeable, perspir- ation a teoid bath ought to be taken every morning. With regard to treatment One author-' ity, dealing with excessive perspiration and also with cases in which a disagreeable odour is present, recommends the adoption of a dry diet. that is one from which fluid is as much excluded as possible. The use of powdered boracic acid after the bath, this powder being freely dusted between the toes, over the skin, and also inside the boots and stockings, with frequent change of stockings will have the effect of curing many simple cases of the kind we are discussing, when that ailment is limited more or less to the region of the feet. Another powder which has been it-commended to be dusted on the skin for disagreeable perspira- tion consists of salicylic acid 3 drachma, boric acid 3 ounces, zinc oxide half an ounce, pow- dered starch 5 ounces, and otto of roses 20 minims. It will be well, of course, to attend to the general health of the body, and to avoid any excess of salt foods especially, whilst the bowels should be attended tQ, and a little Apcnta water taken each morinig. ■

The pingnicula is a plant which is a natural fly-paper. It's leaves are constantly covered with a sticky substance which entraps all jn- sects alighting on them. As Put.—Mrs Newlywed: You can't go home while it's raining so hard. Stay and have dinner with us.—Mr Laekwitt; Oh'no, thank you it isn't so bad as all that. Mr Birrell (damaged by charge of Amazons I: We're all on their side, really, aren't we?— Mr Lulu Harcourt: Well, you'd better make that quite clear to them. They'll be back directl firsit Actor Lend me ten shillings, old man. —Second Actor l'dv- like to oblige you, but I'm afraid you'll never pay it back.—First Actor Pay it back ? Why. man, in the ttiird act I hac to steal five thousand pounds We are pleased to be able to report a signal victory for the sex to which we have thehonour to belong. The part of Robin Hood in a forth- coming pantomime is to be played by a gentle- man, instead of by a lady as heretofore.— Punch,"

Illustrated Humour. Circumstantial Evidence. Mrs Coburgger: It isn't right to charge Freddie with taking that money out of your pocket. Why don't you accuse me ?" Coburgger Because it wasn't all taken. A Tartar. His Lordship So the beggsh you turned out this morning was course and abusive ? N-alet Abusive, my lord Why, he might have bepa your lordship him-,eli. The Exception to The Rule. Teacher The trunk is the middle part of the body. Freddie: Say. ma'am, you ought to go to the circus and see the elephant. Exercising IK So your husband has given up smoking ? That needs a pretty strong will." Weil, I've got one." His Own Interest. A Richmond lawyer was consulted not leng since by a coloured man who-complained that another negro owed him three dollars, a debt which he absolutely refused to discharge. The creditor had dunned and dunned bin. but all to no purpose. He had finally come to the lawyer in the hope that he couid give him some g -,od advice. What reason does he give for refusing to pay you ?" asked the legal man. Why. boss," said the darky, he said he done owed me dct money for so long d t de interest had et it all up, an' he didn't owe me a cent." Tke Bapt Feasible Wty. CSwlly tex&ailrang first print feom the trrat: Isn't there sdm* way tc. make icy moustache sbc™- a little plainer Phot«:graphf" Why,- yes, you migfa.t wft.it a. few yeari anc. t-heti coins r ag ails. A Very Rare Thing. The aunt of a. bright t^n-year-olS youngster had a fad of keeping an autograph album. Some appreciative friend wrote upon one page the quotation beginning What is so rare as a day in June ?" The youngster in question was looking over t,he hook for a place too put his name, and noticed this. Th next page wa vacant, and he wrote in the bold handwriting of youth, the answer as he saw it: A Chinaman with whiskers," and then signed his name. Partly Correct. Miss Vane I know he was talking to you about me. Now. wasn't he ? Miss Speitz Well, ye Miss Vane I thought I heard him remark that I had a thick head of hair. Miss Speitz Did you ? He didn't mention your hair. though. At Any Cost. 0< We must have our liberty," said the poli- tician. Yes," said Pat. Begorra we must-even if we have to go to gaol for it." Too Hard. Itinerant Ile Ever play chess ? Weary Walter No too much like work. Itinerant Ike Why, you can sit. for an hour or more without moving Weary Walter: But you've got to move sometimes, haven't you ? Desired Recognition. Foreman What is all that arguing down the road '■ Labourer (indignantly) Why, the rears run- ning the steam-roller wants us to call him a chauffeur. Court Or Caught. "Sold your automobile, eh ?" exclaimed W vss. What was the trouble ? Couldn't control it," exclaimed Afcher. When I ran fast it took me to the police court, and when I ran slow it didn't take m anywhere. 1 thought, Count. that you weVe a dead shot ?" I am." And yet, though you said you would shoot your adversary Uuüugh the heart, you hit him in the foot. It was an error of judgment. 1 thought his heart was in his boots it turned out, to be in his mouth.' v agistrate You are charged with rushing up to this young lady, nd kissing her against her will. and I sentence you to-- Prisoner: The charge is true, y'r honour; but she had been eating onions. Magistrate: Then I sen- tence you to kiss her again

I WELSH GLEANiHQS. 1 m News and Views in Lighter Vein I After a tour extending over several months in America, the Rev. II. Barrow Williams is t returning home on the ?th i.usi.. I -Mr John Push, the clever caricaturist of Puck," Now York, is a. Welshman, a native of Bala. Mr Fugrh's mother La £ just died its America in her 70th year. ¡ Mr J. Phillips Griffith, 01 Carnarvon, son of the Rev. Dr. Griffith, formerly missionary in II Khassia. h3 joined the staff of the Angio- South American Bank, and will shortly leave for South Africa. There is a proposal to establish Nautical School at Aberystwyth. Hitherto younc ¡ sailors from West Wales have found it suits them better lo proceed to Cardiff to study lor their examinations. The Rev. S. R. Jenkins. B.A.. of Gravesend. formerly Congregational minister at Mcrthyr Tydfil, has been enrolled as student at the Middle Temple with a view to being called to the bar. The concerts given by the Llanelly Choral I Society at the Horticultural Hall, London, yielded a substantial surplus. Out of this I £70 has been allocated to the New 3 ewin Chapel building fund- The Rév. James Morgan Gibbon, the well- known London minister, is to be The Mer- chants' Lecturer for December, and his II opening address of the series v ill be on" Has any man a right to be an atheist One of the humorous incidents at a recent meeting of the London isteddiod Committee was a famous divine pleading for strict adhesion to legal formalities, aid a leading lawyer pleaded tor a charitable interpretation I of all rules passed at previous meetings. I Major J. H. du B. Travers who this week I succceds to the command of the 2nd South Wales Borderers, who are at present stationed I at Aldershot, is an enthusiastic angler, and in years past when he lived in Breeonshire" and Monmouthshire he was n famí1iar figure alon the banks of the 13 sk during the salmon and trout seasons. There is an otter in Roath Park which is giving great trouble to the authorities. It has been been within the past few days both in the wild garden and around the islands at the top end of the lake, and is having a fine time with the trout. Otter traps, baited with dainty morsels, have been set in several places, but up to the present the otter seems to bear a charmed life. The Liverpool Cymric Vocal Union, founded I in 1882, celebrated its 25th anniversary this week with a social gathering held at the Junior Reform Club cf that city. It -was claimed during the evening tha.t the success of the Union was due to the fact that it had been con- ducted on business lines, that it had abstained from promoting competition, and had never drifted into deb1.. Councillor Nicholl, of Cardiff, having a" a boy passed all the S. and A. ex, aminations in freehand, geometry, an& model drawing. machine construction, and mathematics. both elementary and advanced, and later the Board of Trade I examinations, desires to sncourage every apprenticed engineer to emulate this example, I an i hence Ms gift announced at Fririaf." fuezti&g ai the- Cardiff Techn^s* Committee. ———— >'1. t Dr. J?«sry Professor c-t « to d«lr aa* f i I\!net).. t() fhr t3.. ,'«r sams. 01 it | Australia o tuB>er on the mvitaxicii c! tlje-Lniverejty "Extension Board of Sydr.?^. He may also lecture during his visit ic Mti- bourne. Adelaide, &nd Brisbane. He intexii? sailing m April, and proposes returning by way ¡ of Burmah, where he has a son in the Civi] I Service. In consequence of this engagement in Australia his third series of Hibbert lectures. 1 which was to have been delivered in Oxford next summer, will not be jdven till the foow, I ing year. Professor Jones is at presost deliver- ing half-hour lectures to business men it; Glasgow on social subjects, and he is havitLf splendid attendances. Slowly, very slowly, the prejudice against the drama is dying-out in Welsh Nonconformist circles. Curiously enough, while the "cantata" is always welcomed—even when occasionall it is performed with theatrical uccessosies— few churches have opened even their school- room doors to dramatic representations of any kind. To this month's Diwygiwr the Rev. Gwylfa Roberts, the editor, contributes a Welsh dramatised version of the story of Rebecca—the wife of Isaac, not the heroine c ¡ the Welsh turnpike riots—in which th ) situations are telling, the action is lirely. and the book is exceedingly well written, lit the bands of a skilful stage manager, Hwyl- fa,'s drama can be made much of. and the young people of his church, at Tabernacle, Llanelly, are arranging to produce it -at.au early date. Not many years ago such.- 4!S. I action on their vart would have meant thetr expulsion from church luembership. Here are a brace of recent stories of Mi I Lloyd George. Speaking in the home count for a colleague with whom he had been over the neighbouring folf links. Mr Lloyd George t used an illustration which appealed tj local knowledge Jf the member s prowess with the driver. The President wanted to demon- strate the meagre proportions of soUle- -nat holdings which were under discussion. Put ten of them side by side," he said, and yo? could easily drive a golf ball over them. Why. I believe your member could do it with a. nib- lick On another occasion, when cevtair Government Bills were making slow progress, Mr Lloyd George was met carry ing a bag oi clubs on a day when the House was to sit. Going to take those on to the Treasury Bench ?" he was asked. Xo," was V prompt reply as he carefully turned thp c' ? I about and fingered a useful-looking nibl- but-wouldn't that be handy fc gefiinsi the Bills out of the bunkers i" Caerwenfs New Vicar. The Rev. Benjamin Voyd. B-D,, vicar oi St. Woolos, Newport, to whom the Dean Chapter of Uandaff Cathedral have offered the living of Caerwent., was for many years vicar of Mountain Ash. lIe was senior scholar and Hebrew exhibitioner at St. David's Collet, Lampeter, where he graduated B.A. in 1857, and B.D. in 1S80. His first curacy was New- castle, Bridgend, leaving there for Cadoxion, Neath, in 1870.; In 1875 he was appointee Teetor of Vandoo and Wliitebrook, which 1" retained tiiftii 1384, when the Bishop promoter him o Mountain Ash in succession to th- lat I Archdeacon Protheroo. During h stay < Mountain Ash. from 1834 to 1901-Mi Lloyd du J .played wonderful powers as a parish pries* and the c-hurches he built and filled there wii- be monuments to his perseverance and energy t Tai linos." A week or so ago reference was made in thif column (writ a correspondent) to Asis Minor," a house on Mynyddbach, not far froir. Bethama, in Cardiganshire. I well remerpoei Asia Minor being built, some 45 to 50 years ago. It was the last of the Tai Unas buill on the wide common on Rhys Harainioj^ where all the residents in the parishes of IJan. badarn, Trefeglwvs, Llansaintfraid. Llanrhys- tuyd, and Blaenpennal, adjoining the Rhos. got their peat for their lire, for in those dayi there was nothing but peat burnt in that part of the district which is even to the proser day the Welshies, district in Welsh Wale Many of the houses in that district were but in a night, this giving the builder the right live therein rent free, and ultimat-elv givir him a legal title to bis house ajid garden, to sc much, indeed, as he could enclosc between sub- set and sunrise in addition to building th* house, which was always built of turf. of thC-jc still remain, but m most cases t" Ty Clotas now exist only in name, a SWlJe built house having takeu the place of original Ty Clotas (a turf or clod house).

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i $ 1 WORKMEN'S TOPICS, I THE BASIS OF MINERS' WAGES. (BY MABON, M.P.). 1* do not exactly understand why so many people are so ready to run away with false im- pressions whenever there is any talk, much Jess any threats, with regard to miners wanting to improve their materialposition in the matter of wages or the reduction of their hours of labour, and that the prospects of both these questions having to be dealt with some people and some papers are once more loud in their denunciation of the miners, and their leaders in particular. It would add very materially to these peqj'le's comforts were they to under- 6ta.nd these movements before lashing them- selves into further furious conditions of mind as to what is going to happen before the averages now sought will be established. With regard to the hours of labour, that matter will be dealt with by the Government during the n§xt Session of Parliament, and personally one anticipates no real danger to the peace of var mining communities now that, the miners are agreeing to accept a compromise pro- posed in the Government's Bill with regard to the bank-to-bank contention. On the other Uand, The Raising of the Basis of Wages. There are yet two years for that matter to 'dimmer and for both parties to find an amic- able way out of what to the inex erienced and uninitiated in these matters is most difficult inddangerous. To others the wa now seems pretty clear, and will doubtless become clearer "daily as we approach the time for he settle- went, There is indeed no necessity for anyone b9 rage or rave, nor fear with regard to this matter, Many and much more difficult prob- lems, than this one have been previously tackled and settled amicably, and this will be the same, at least th 1'> is my honest conviction. At present matters stand thus. There are three different standards upon which waged are based, even within the area affected by the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, and consequently at the present moment three ilifferent rates of wages La operation. In the ftngiish Federation the standard is that of the year 18:S8-t he minimum 37* per cent. on that standard, the present rates of wages paid being 55 per cent, above the basis wage, and '.hev are now seeking another advance of 5 per cent. In Scotland it is 8H per cent. above the 5 itandard basis of an average basis of 4s a day, liJld tlicv are now seeking a further 121 per cent. in this basis 6i they could have got without appealing to their arbitrator, but feeling justi- fied in their demand of 12* per cent. they are ing before him, and he is to decide the natter. In South WaJes our wages are based on the 1879 rates, wh eh are 2 per oent. below that of the 1888 basis in the Midlands, and we are now receiving 63 per cent, on that basis, our mini. mum wage being 30 per cent, above, What is sow sought to be done by each of these Fmg- lieh, Sootch, and Welsh Federations is to get l sA least 3d per cent, wages fixed above tile various rninizaums mar-I into the. vo so-W raice the basis. upon which ?li future •*dv«,Rcai and raJuctions in wages will operate. lfÐr example,suppose we take the present basis to represent 203 thft new basis would represent 26s, the platform of operations will be raised by 6s I d, i he irredi cibi, minimum basis of wages wouid then be 26s, wh ch would increase the value thereof by the value of the addi- tional percentage on 6s. Our detractors are threatening vengeance and asking if we are foolish enough to think that we are asking for further advances in wages, &c. They must be pretty foolish themselves to think that we by this time don't know the employers better than that, I should like to know the man that would be able to get. an increase out of em. ployers without their knowing it. The matter s Iready proceeding on its way apparpntly as successfully as can be expected. What bas been agreed upon is that we should, in our various districts, in making new wages f^greoments, insist upon the recognition of a new standard of not less than 30 per cent. cfbove the present one. What the fierce, stormy petrels are predicting in connection with this resolve is not what it says but what it involves. Well, all that need be said of it is that it involves exactly what it says and nothing more. In Scotland the empl yers have already tacitly agreed with the workmen's representa. tives to a new wage basis of 57i pel' cent. pro. vided that the men would now accept their oiler of 6 per cent, instead of the 12t they were asking .or, and they also insisted that the uew operating percentages above the new should be a matter of a new arrangement. The English employers have simply said that the matter should be left in abeyance till the time for rearrangement—that then the matter could legitimately come under considerat ion. And the president of the Miners' Federation, who is the vice-president of the English Con- filiation Board, contem lates having no diffi- culty in accomplishing all that is really in- volved in the resolution appertaining to this new request. Here in SouthWaJes the colliery owners' representatives on the Conciliation Board have, i is true, expressed their great surprise that the miners' representatives could ask for such a thing. But in all probability they had something in their minds which is not really involved in the resolution. But our experience ,of the owners'present representative proves that, like ourselve.- oftentimes, their bark 'is Worst than their bite," and when the time comes they doubtless will be prepared to do what other employers elsewhere will agree to have done. IViv opinion is that the Scotch Conciliation Board will come to an agreement on the matter without much delay unless pressure is brought to bear upon the employers not to do Fc., so that no precedent will have been laid which would be so natural for the English and Welsh Boards to follow when the time arrives for their re-arrangement. That, afkr all, would be but a very reasonable course for them to take. The course taken by them will be a strong indication as to whether or not the time for consolidating these three Boards is approaching.

Too Reckless, I -tn trying to find my brother," said the geitfljtm&n from England timidly to the fierec- looking person with a sheath-knife in one side of his belt and a six-sheoter in the other. He was in this neighbourhood about four. or five years ago. His name was Williamson. Williamson—kind of goody-goody chap ?" Yes, that's the man." Guess I did ki>ow him. He committed sui- cide three years afeo." What, my brother committed suicide? Why, htl was the last man in the world to have done such a thing. Was he ill, or in trouble, or what ?" Ue stranger." And Finished It. An artist, who js very popular among his friends, was recently invited by a wealthy patron to take a trip to Paris, the host paying all expenses, but for once Mr N., the artist, de- murred. I'm buity on a picture," said he, and I ■Wiint to finish it for the exhibition." Never mind t-hufc," said thhe other. Bring It with yon and paint it there." N. fielded, as he always did in the end. and ti.* v icture was put into the carriage. As I tbev erc, driving along, the rich man pointed to the work of and said— t, 'h.-it, do you want tor it 1 ..hnl1 want fifty pounds for it when it is ♦taisbed," aajwerM X" r,o.»d exelaitr,i*d the jovial host. I'll »«.▼ you that for it, and, what's more, I'll ftiiish the picture too." With that h" kirked a hole through the canw". t-hiio leaving Um artist fro* Jar an un- dbba-b,A bWW&y.

Welsh Tit-Bits. I Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion I By CADRAWD. TheUwegrwys. "I Some say that the Llaegrwvs came over to this country from Aquitania, a district of Gaul between the Pyrenees and Garonne, say that and Liguria, in the West of Italy. But the Reverend T. Price, (Carn- huanawg), in his History of the Cymry," says that they were the inhabitants of Flavia, a division or name of a portion of this land, where it was occupied by the Romans. But if we consider that the Saxons were hired we have stiil the Welsh word llog everyone knows what that. word means—who has a little spare cash, which is put on interest.. There was a. custom in the county years ago to lend a cow on interest—buwch ar log the inter- est for keeping the cow in good pasture was the milk she gave morning and evening, and this was considered good interest. In like manner as hiring a cow, llogwvr "—the men on hire—hirelings, hence Lloegr and Gwyr Lloegr." The Lloegrwyr, or Lloegrwys, were among the primitive inhabitants of Britain—" Yn mhlith y llwythau cyssefin." And according to Carnhuanawg, o'r un haniada'r Cymry, ae yn gyfiaith gy'dafar a hwy" (of the same origin as the Welsh.and of the same language). Whether they came from the Continent, or where original inhabitants of this isle they were, next to the Cymry, the first settlers, and while the Cymry glory in the untarnished lustre of Caradawg, and Lloegrwys have to bear the infamy of Vortigern, they were much less successful in retaining their own than the Brythons, for they had lost their Cernyw centuries before the Welsh submitted to the English yoke. Teirw Trin. The war god of the Cymry was the bull— Tarw Trin (the bull of battle). The word for bull is the same in the Cornish, the Armo- ric, and the Irish, as that of the Welsh. There is hardly a. nation under the sun to- day that can boast of a history so interesting as that of the Welsh. Stationed in the utmost bounds of the West, as the world was known to the ancien's, the Welsh have to th3 present day withstood every effort made to supplant and destroy them. We arc speaking to-day in Wales the same language that Caesar heard spoken on the shores of Kent long before the Christian era and the bards at the National Eisteddfod at Swansea, this year delivered their addresses in the same tongue as the Druids chanted their patriotic songs to incite their heroes to fight and repel the vete- ran legions of Imperial Rome. lolo Morganwg as a Socialist. lolo's biographer. Mr Elijah Waring, says— Had the bard exercised that convenient policy which the conduct of most men, he might have attained both eminence and wealth; but he was too honest for the great conventional world." This was the true desire, and it was the constant prayer of the old bard—* Give me neither poverty nor riches, feed me with food convenient for me.' No man could repeat, with a more perfect application, the following stanzas, from an- other bard, who had gone before hùn- 8C Some have too much, yet still they crave, I little have, et,seek no more They are but poor,' though much they have, ,r And I am rich with'little store: They poor, I rich; they beg, I g-ive u They lack, I lend., ttiey pine, I live. The old bard wasC forsaken by his early friends, and some rich patrons, on account of his political- bias in pf the French devolution. He was kindlad with the'most ge.n.srous zeal in the cause oi democracy, and warmly sjpoused the part? that favoured it in our own coun try. He composed an ode on the Rights of Man," but dared not at the time put his name tc it, or he would have been imprisoned, but gav the fictitious name, Sion Ch,varau Teg" (Johnny Fair Play). The song does not point out any particular country, or denounce any. body personal, but it condemns tyrants, and unprincipled despots of every land. He sings on the tune of our National Anthem, which in the following verses he p ays— 44 God save our native land, Vouchsafe Thy fostering hand, God save our land From bread-tax. Tolls, bastiles, Barracks and cat o' nine tails, Game taws, excise, and jails, God save our land. From ignorance and pride, The sons of labour guide, Save, ere we fall Save us fr m sord d lies. From traitors, bigots, spies. And actious tools and ties, That us enthrall. Wales at the time of the revolution 1789-93 was blessed, not with the liberty which the sword gave to other lands, but with the liberty of the Gospel. At this period the Rev. Daniel Rowlands was at Llangeitho preaching to the thousands. The stated number of com- municants at the monthly sacraments in his own church was seldom less than two thou- sand, and sometimes more than four thousand. Iolo does not seem to have been fired with the Welsh revival, for he contemplated writing aa book early in the 19th century with the following title—" Ymweliad y diawl ag eglwysi Cymru (The devil's visit to the Welsh churches).

Putting it Prettily. There is a good deal in putting a thing nicely. A prisoner was being sentenced in America the other day You have a pleasant home and a bright fireside, with hap'py children sitting around it, haven't you ? said the judge. Yes, sir," said the prisoner, who thought he saw a way out of the difficulty. Well," said the judge, if the happy chil- dren sit around the fireside until you return, they will stay there just forty-two days." First Causes. Tommy had been punished. Mamma," he sobbed. did your mamma whip you when you were little Yes. when I was naughty." And did her mamma whip her when she was little 7" Yes, Tommy." And was she whipped when she was little?" Yes." Well," inquired the child, his brain cleared by the position he had just occupied. who started it, anyway?" Circumstances Alter Casts. Magistrate v Horsewhipping is the only suit- able punishment for you and your kind. The idea of a man of your size beating a poor, weak woman like that. Prisoner But, your Worship, she keens irri- ta.t ing me all the time. Magistrats How docs she irritate you ? Prisoner Why, she keeps saying, Hit me, beat me. I dare you tohlt me. Just hit me once, and I'll have yon hauled tip before that baldhe ded old reprobate of a idagistrate, and see what he'll do with you Magistrate (choking): Discharged. Order Declined. Young Potte had received a very good edu- cation, but bad fallen on evil day- and now eked out a har eexistence as a waiter. A few days ago a youth, who had just com- pleted his first year at college, entered the hotel, accompanied by a lady. Algernon was evidently desirous of showing off before his fa.ir companion, and at the same time having a joke at the waiter's expense. Bring me some hic-haec-hoc, waiter," he exclaimed, affixing his monocle. The waiter smiled affably, nodded his head, and bustJed away to attend to some other visitors. I say, waiter, where is my hock 2" the youth asked, after several minutes had elapsed. "You didn't order any, sir," was thewaiter's reply. Oh, yes, I did," responded Algernon. haughtily. I asked you to bring me some hic-haec-hoc—a little Latin joke. you know." Yes, but that's not ordering it," replied the waiter, who had forgotten more Latin than the youth had ever learned, that's declining it." The youth tries to ghe his orders in English now.

''Do vou think you could live on my salary, Kate Yes, I think so, but what would you do Does he get much for his work V All he's worth.' Then I don't in the least see how heyxoaaaces to exist."

MUSIC IN WALES. — I By EMLYN EVANS. j A NEW WELSH CONTRALTO SINGER, I A favourable reference appeared recently ip the columns of a London daily contemporary regarding a new contralto of consider- able vocal ability that ha,d been discovered at. Pwllheli a few years since by some ladies visit- ing the place, who had heard the young song- stress at a concert, singing to the pianoforte accompaniment. of a local baker. Another account, however, states that that, part of the entertainment should Vic placed to the credit of the blacksmith, and, ii so. possibly to a. descen- dant of that harmonious blacksmith of old. who has given cause for so much thumping both on the keys of the pianoforte and the counter of argument. As for the other world- renowned blacksmith of Longfellow's, he did not thump, but only sang—sang at the end' of the day, through both joy and sorrow, at Something accomplished, something done to earn a night's repose." The writer of the notice mentioned above, who was so insufficiently informed as to call Pwllbeli a" fishing village," or some such name, will have thereby largely discounted the value of his observations and prognosti- ca.- as respecting this rftusical find in the eyes of all true Pwllheli-ites. That ancient and interesting market town, with its Mayor and Corporation, and which ha' the honour—in conjunction with other boroughs in the his- toric county of Caer-yn-arfon—to be repre- sented in Parliament by the man of the day, Mr Lloyd George—and to whom now the heart of all Wales goes out in respect- ful sympathy—is legitimately proud of itself, in every way, with its largo and numerous places of worship. com- modious public buildings, thriving tradesmen, weD-conducted hostelries and which has been deemed important, and pcoved public- spirited enongh to welcome and entertain the National Eisteddfod—which it did right nobly, besides a provincial as well as a number of localEisteddfodau. There are keen-witted men too. who foresee for Pwllheli a flourishing future as a. w atering place, and that at no very distant date, and the great improvements now being effected in the vicinity of the present railway station arc an important step towards advanc- ing the development of the place, apart from the fact that the station will soon be brought close to the centre of the town. But to return to our contralto, and whose adopted name for professional purposes is Eira Gwyn "—a commendable policy in view of the name proper being also that of a well- known Welsh singer "—v,r from another source that MissGwyr. b indebted to the ladies already referred to ( who wet. W impressed with her singing) in conjunction \ith the practical co-operation of Mrs Greaves, the of the Lcrd-Lieu tenant of Cac^'irvon- shire, Mrs Lloyd George, and others for being enabled to undergo a course of study for four years with Boutrey in Paris. The young lady made her debut at the Bechstein Hall, London, last week, and we read1 that" Miss Gwyn's voice, though not large, has a genuine contralto ring about it. 1 timbre is both reand sympathetic, having, moreover, that specific fe lture which makes Celtic singers so generally acceptable on the oratorio platform." We learn, too, that j "t a/large and critical audience gave Miss Gwyn an enthusiastic send-off upon what, with fur. ther judicious study,, should prove an inter- estiog and a successful career." We do not suppose the young debutante or her patrons expected that she should escape criticism and criticism judiciously and sym- patheticallv applied should be appreciated by £ imy young artiste constituted of the right material. But in such cases the critic should orr, if at all,- on the side <-leniency. Wo in Wales cannot afford to be hyper-critical in such directions. Not that we should for a moment forget to observe the highest claims of the art as to standard, but our necessities: are such in all classes of female solo vocalists, especially contralto, that anything which pro- mises fairly good results is bound to command all the assistance we can render towards its development and support. Fou years is but a brief period of studious preparation for the demands of an exacting art, esoeciallyif not preceded by a systematic and continuous preparatory course, which was not pro- bably the case here. But we trust that in the words already quoted, our new contralto has started upon what. w th further judicious study —and, we may add, pluck and perseverance- should prove an interesting and a successful career. The Llangollen National Eisteddfod, 1908. The new musical works for performance at this Eisteddfod are being issued betimes from the press. We have already referred to Mr David Jenkins's Llwyn y Morynion," and now we have Mr Harry Evans's '■ Davydd ap Gwilym," both turned out in irreproachable form as to the printer's art. The other work j to be performed is Miss A. J. Williams's ¡ Cymhanaf (Harvest). j

(Obeyed, I A young artist got permission from the cap- tain of a large ship to get on a staging, slung over the side, for the purpose of getting a better view of another vessel which he wanted to paint. It was not long after that the cap- tain got into the ship's boat and shouted up to the deck, <it go the painter," the painter being a rope I which the boat is made fast to the ship. J ne order not being promptly' obeyed he shouted again, Let go the painter." Instantly a voice replied— He's gone, sir, brushes, paint, and all." If. Doctor X. who recently married a young widow, had just returned to his house after performing a very serious operation on a patient. How did it go ?" asked his wife. Pulled him through, but it was a stiff job." How clever you are, Tom," remarked the admiring spouse. If I had only known you four years ago 1 feel certain that poor John (her first husband) would ha.ve been saved." Informed. A weil-known artist was once engaged upon a safcred picture. A striking-looking old man named Sam sat for the head of St. Mark. When the picture was finished, artist and model lost sight of one another. One day, however, the artist, wandering about a travelling menagerie, much to his surprise, came upon his old model, with a broom in his band, looking very disconsolate. Hullo, Sam said he. What are vou doing now 1" Wel I ain't doin' much, sir, and that's a fact. I'm engaged in this yer show a.-cleanin' hout the belephants' stables a nice occypa- tion for one o' the twelve apostles, ain't it, sir ?"

She You here again ?—Tramp Yes. kind lady.—She: Well, I won't help you again. I don't believe you have done a thing all the yeat'.—Tramp ? Indeed, I have, mum I've just done 30 days. Tn a country church one Sabbath, as the congregation were rising for the first, hymn. an old lady entered the church at the fame. time. She held up her hand, exclaiming; "Keep your seats. Losh, ye needna arise, tho' I have come in." Gosling Halloa, old man, how are you ? I haven't seen much of you lately.—Madrtox You have seen more of me than I have of you.—Gosling: How do you make that out? —Maddox Well, I'm much bigger than you. Johnston (to wife): Well, Maria. I'm going to stay at home with you to-day —J help you to tidy up the house. I'll tack down the carpets and hang up the pictures to begin with.—Mrs J. (to children): Children, you may go over to grandma's and stay all day. (Aside) I know my husband is a deacon of the church. but for all that he's just as apt to hit his thumb with a hammer as any other man. An old North Sea skipper who was asked to buy a number of lifebelts for his vessel's use warded eloquent, inf the sublimity of his contempt. Take 'em away said the old salt. Don't let me see such'longshore rub- bish on my decks- T don't want no lifebelts, nor no smelling salts, nor no eau-de-Cologne, nor no feeding-bottles or fans aboard of me. Them as sails in my ship has got to stick to her as I do, and if she goes down, why, 1 expects them in duty bound to go along with her." l

Fashion and Things I Feminine. t ¡ ¡ By MISS IDA MELLER. I A Simple Cashmere Dress. Although the possibilities of dress are such as to render it an easy matter to spend a fortune on mere trifles, still it is quite possible for a all dress allowance to suffice for the pro- vision of a charming and complete outfit, and for the woman cf taste to be always well dressed. Much depends on tb. skill of the in- divdual in making money go far or othcrwse. Some women frankly acknowledge that they cannot economise, and even though they may make a genuine effort towards economy, their purses are generally empty before the next quarter's allowance is due. There are ways I and ways of going to work in the matter of dressing oneself wisely and well, -and it is surprising, sometimes, to bear how small has been the cost of a really charming toilette worn by a woman who has known the most economical way to procure it. The secret of an effective out-door costume may very often be tiaced to a large hat—which crowns the sim- plest toilette with an air of richness, and need not be expensive. A large mushroom hat of stretched silk or velvet, trimmed with a I simple wid j ruche of frayed taffetas,and having a plain, crossway bind of silk, can be as prpttv aira becoming as a costly feather-trimmed hat. Remember, too. that lonf simple lines in dress clit, -Iways- preferable to "short, cut-up ones, giving giC. C ::JA length to the figure instead of shortening it as t ie, ji frllL an5 -,o on are apt to do, figuratively, by attracting W- to their smallness. A suggestion for a simple house-dress of cashmere is givc-n bv the full- lorqgth sketch herewith. The original frock is in rwpl)errv-i-ed. trimmed with wide filet lace insertions on. the. f -bodice and skirt. Renovations. Many a renovation has been accomplished lately by means; of kimono braces, sleeves, and belts, all of which, combined, do wonders in revolutionising a demode bodice and bringing it into the ranks of the latest mode. Another means of renovation is the fichu of chine silk, with long ends passing beneath a wide belt and travelling low on to the skirt—such a fichu as occurs in the figure in our sketch. The ribbon, which is wide, rs arranged in folds, two widths heini used for the Tipper part of the fichu if necess-iry. K y- coarse lace and deep cuffs of the sain » 'V' the blouse beneath the fichu, tio that practically Little of the silk, chiffon, or whatever the material may be, of the blouse itself is visible, The kimono sleeve effect, now so general,i s easily brought about by means of a wide cir- cular band of ribbon stitched to a fichu or braces of the same-this beinz a simpler method for the home dressmaker to adopt than the sleeve cut from a pattern, Among the most graceful of kimono blouses are those ar- ranged in folds all over, the sleeves, cut in one with the blouses, also showing uninterrupted lines of folds. These kimonos require a gqod-deat of care in the arrangement of the folds and also in the trying on. When well-made, they are exceedingly elegant and becoming, and adapt themselves particulary well to thin silk and crepe de chine. A Flannel Toilet Jacket. The dress materials of the day owe much of their beauty to the dyer s art. Even such simple things as flannel and cotton are charm- ing from a colour point of view, hence the plainest of negligees may be quite artistic- looking. One of the novelties of the season' is a fiannel fabric that imitates the appearance of ermine. and is used chiefly for trimmings. See, for instance, the toilet jacket sketched, which is of pale rose-coloured flannel, of a soft fleecy nature, trimmed with revers collar and cuffs of ermine-flannel. The sleeves hang straight. from the shoulders, and are wide at the ends, and the pattern of the jacket is altogether of the simplest, there being no yoke even or ful. ness to the fronts. Dressing jackets made en- tirely of ermine-flannel and trimmed with plain coloured flannel are also very pretty.